61:
82:
44:
393:
Flexible cilia are arranged in a horseshoe-shaped area on the forehead, and in spots on the sides of the head and in two rows on the underside of the body. The cilia on the forehead create a current that moves food particles towards the mouth. The other cilia move the animal.
410:. They lay two kinds of eggs: thin-walled eggs that hatch quickly, and thick-walled eggs that are believed to be resistant to freezing, and thus capable of over-wintering and hatching in the spring. The same pattern is known from
363:
to 14 μm. The animal can extend part of its jaw structure outside its mouth while eating. It also extends much of its jaw structure outside its mouth when it is regurgitating indigestible items.
724:
Nielsen and Claus, 2013 :Nielsen, Claus, 'Phylum
Micrognathozoa', Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla, 3rd edn (Oxford, 2011; online edn, Oxford Academic, 17 Dec. 2013),
378:, or 'brain', in its head, and paired nerve cords extending ventrally (along the lower side of the body) towards the tail. Stiff sensory bristles made up of one to three
2557:
3657:
3510:
3391:
3257:
3123:
892:
3683:
3536:
3283:
3149:
821:
3631:
3484:
3378:
3244:
3110:
3670:
3523:
3404:
3270:
3136:
2263:
854:
307:
as well as in the
British Isles, suggesting a worldwide distribution, although there are likely different species yet to be described.
3737:
977:
673:
1014:
483:
1009:
798:
912:"Nervous system and ciliary structures of Micrognathozoa (Gnathifera): Evolutionary insight from an early branch in Spiralia"
3675:
3528:
3409:
3275:
3141:
1093:
1083:
1066:
3747:
896:
81:
3742:
2256:
3541:
3688:
3288:
3154:
423:
2400:
3752:
3209:
866:
359:. It has very complex jaws, with fifteen separate elements; these elements are very small, ranging from 4
2485:
1098:
3037:
2249:
970:
829:
339:
that belongs to the
Micrognathozoa, a relatively new phylum of animals that was only described in 2000.
3709:
2713:
2363:
1061:
248:
3618:
3471:
3356:
3231:
3097:
2378:
749:
264:
3596:
499:
455:
870:
3314:
2708:
2390:
1526:
1078:
1056:
1044:
1019:
647:
288:
185:
76:
3714:
3262:
3075:
60:
3696:
3605:
3549:
3458:
3417:
3365:
3296:
3218:
3162:
3128:
3084:
2500:
1948:
1868:
1218:
1088:
1051:
1039:
1029:
963:
941:
895:. Science Now. Natural History Museum. California Academy of Sciences. c. 2006. Archived from
775:
3554:
3422:
3396:
803:(Draft discussion document). 2009 Annual Checklist. Reading, UK: Species 2000. Archived from
3701:
3515:
3301:
3167:
2776:
2655:
2547:
2490:
2430:
2425:
2353:
2338:
1003:
931:
923:
765:
725:
698:
3662:
2949:
2854:
2816:
2771:
2703:
2460:
2420:
2405:
2298:
2229:
2135:
1986:
1889:
1746:
1279:
689:(Micrognathozoa) from the subantarctic Crozet Islands, with redescription of the trophi".
512:
471:
447:
383:
336:
2241:
3009:
2954:
2944:
2786:
2600:
2552:
2465:
2440:
2435:
2415:
2410:
2313:
2303:
1894:
1690:
1602:
1580:
1543:
1034:
936:
911:
651:
596:
300:
43:
3731:
2733:
2718:
2680:
2605:
2541:
2527:
2475:
2470:
2384:
2373:
2368:
2348:
2343:
2318:
2039:
1943:
1442:
407:
804:
3223:
3089:
2929:
2924:
2899:
2874:
2864:
2791:
2660:
2534:
2495:
2480:
2455:
2450:
2395:
2328:
2145:
2140:
2028:
1884:
1770:
1656:
1538:
1408:
1359:
1315:
1296:
793:
Gordon, Dennis P. (2009). "Towards a management hierarchy (classification) for the
422:, and it is now theorized that the animals hatch as males and then become females (
292:
3581:
3463:
3449:
3370:
3341:
3060:
797:". In Bisby, F.A.; Roskov, Y.R.; Orrell, T.M.; Nicolson, D.; et al. (eds.).
3644:
3610:
3590:
3497:
3350:
3309:
3203:
3069:
2984:
2959:
2904:
2879:
2801:
2796:
2761:
2751:
2445:
2358:
2106:
2077:
2063:
2053:
1638:
1454:
1367:
1149:
581:
459:
419:
268:
126:
414:, where thick-walled eggs only form after fertilization by males. The youngest
3017:
2979:
2909:
2889:
2884:
2869:
2839:
2811:
2766:
2756:
2728:
2723:
2665:
2640:
2333:
2308:
2203:
2188:
2183:
2164:
2159:
2087:
2034:
2004:
1996:
1938:
1812:
1804:
1787:
1567:
1479:
1432:
1372:
1334:
1308:
1154:
1139:
702:
546:
360:
311:
304:
162:
17:
3194:
2934:
2914:
2806:
2685:
2620:
2610:
2595:
2590:
2571:
2323:
2169:
2116:
2111:
2082:
2071:
2020:
2015:
1967:
1879:
1872:
1666:
1661:
1623:
1472:
1464:
1393:
1345:
1266:
1253:
1234:
1229:
1188:
559:
451:
296:
152:
139:
113:
93:
945:
779:
770:
753:
382:
are scattered about the body. These bristles are similar to ones found on
3575:
3443:
3335:
3188:
3054:
2989:
2969:
2964:
2939:
2919:
2894:
2859:
2849:
2844:
2675:
2650:
2630:
2290:
2193:
2177:
2100:
2092:
2047:
2010:
1991:
1980:
1962:
1956:
1817:
1758:
1734:
1631:
1512:
1401:
1285:
1176:
1167:
1073:
443:
411:
375:
172:
927:
3636:
3489:
3383:
3249:
3115:
2994:
2974:
2670:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2581:
2518:
2153:
2129:
2121:
2058:
1972:
1792:
1779:
1712:
1703:
1648:
1573:
737:
467:
3649:
3502:
955:
2834:
2826:
2695:
2198:
1932:
1222:
1132:
1119:
990:
987:
655:
379:
356:
284:
103:
3031:
2743:
2615:
390:, while gnathostomulids never have more than one cilium per cell.
3623:
3476:
3236:
3102:
2781:
2273:
754:"An Introduction to Loricifera, Cycliophora, and Micrognathozoa"
3035:
2245:
1251:
959:
654:
and is crucial to understand because of its relationship to
726:
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.003.0033
386:, but up to three cilia may arise from a single cell in
910:
Bekkouche, Nicolas; Worsaae, Katrine (1 October 2016).
299:, in 1994. Since then, it has also been found on the
3565:
3433:
3325:
3178:
3044:
3007:
2825:
2742:
2694:
2579:
2570:
2517:
2289:
1922:
1803:
1778:
1769:
1745:
1723:
1688:
1647:
1622:
1615:
1600:
1552:
1525:
1510:
1463:
1441:
1421:
1392:
1385:
1358:
1343:
1332:
1295:
1264:
1187:
1148:
1117:
2558:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
355:mainly feeds on bacteria, blue-green algae, and
314:(μm), it is one of the smallest known animals.
2257:
971:
287:freshwater animal, discovered living in cold
8:
685:de Smet, W.H. (2002). "A new record of
317:Etymology of Micrognathozoa: From the Greek
3032:
2576:
2514:
2286:
2282:
2264:
2250:
2242:
1919:
1775:
1751:
1727:
1696:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1447:
1425:
1418:
1389:
1355:
1351:
1340:
1329:
1301:
1272:
1261:
1248:
1160:
1125:
1114:
978:
964:
956:
59:
42:
31:
935:
800:Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
769:
1316:Hemichordata (acorn worms and relatives)
666:
488:Cladogram showing the relationships of
446:, but has variously been assigned as a
1310:Echinodermata (starfish and relatives)
1280:Xenacoelomorpha (acoels and relatives)
474:, grouped together as the Gnathifera.
27:Genus of microscopic freshwater animal
7:
1581:Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms)
738:https://earthlife.net/micrognathozoa
574:
552:
527:
505:
495:
310:With an average length of 100
1178:Cnidaria (jellyfish and relatives)
828:. 14 December 2005. Archived from
418:specimens collected may also have
406:that have been collected have had
25:
2222:Phyla with ≥1000 extant species
484:List of bilaterial animal orders
80:
883:— Comprehensive information on
458:or as a phylum in a Gnathifera
1409:Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
1:
893:"Jaws: New animal discovered"
2021:Echinozoans inc. sea urchins
715:Worsaae and Kristensen, 2016
2078:Chelicerates inc. arachnids
1818:Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
1633:Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
1544:Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
1433:Loricifera (corset animals)
674:Gastrotricha and Gnathifera
650:is the sister group to the
3769:
1968:Medusozoans inc. jellyfish
1714:Annelida (segmented worms)
1539:Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
1455:Onychophora (velvet worms)
916:Royal Society Open Science
865:. Københavns Universitet (
481:
424:sequential hermaphroditism
3738:Animals described in 2000
2513:
2285:
2281:
2276:phyla/divisions by domain
2218:
2016:Asterozoans inc. starfish
1918:
1911:
1862:
1813:Brachiopoda (lamp shells)
1794:Ectoprocta (moss animals)
1754:
1730:
1699:
1639:Gastrotricha (hairybacks)
1611:
1534:
1521:
1450:
1428:
1417:
1368:Kinorhyncha (mud dragons)
1354:
1328:
1304:
1275:
1260:
1247:
1212:
1163:
1140:Ctenophora (comb jellies)
1128:
1113:
997:
728:, accessed 28 Jan. 2024./
703:10.1017/S095283690200153X
594:
579:
572:
557:
550:
532:
525:
510:
503:
254:
247:
77:Scientific classification
75:
67:
58:
50:
41:
34:
1574:Rotifera (wheel animals)
1373:Priapulida (penis worms)
867:University of Copenhagen
2486:Thermodesulfobacteriota
1788:Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
1760:Nemertea (ribbon worms)
1481:Tardigrada (waterbears)
1474:Arthropoda (arthropods)
466:. It is related to the
1963:Anthozoans inc. corals
1662:Dicyemida or Rhombozoa
652:rest of the spiralians
430:Taxonomy and phylogeny
3710:Paleobiology Database
2714:Neocallimastigomycota
2093:Hexapods inc. insects
1403:Nematoda (roundworms)
51:Schematic drawing of
3210:Limnognathia maerski
3180:Limnognathia maerski
2379:Coprothermobacterota
1286:Chordata (chordates)
771:10.1093/icb/42.3.641
687:Limnognathia maerski
440:Limnognathia maerski
280:Limnognathia maerski
258:Limnognathia maerski
53:Limnognathia maerski
3748:Microscopic animals
1736:Mollusca (molluscs)
1221:of the animal root
928:10.1098/rsos.160289
832:on 24 December 2018
3743:Gnathifera (clade)
2709:Blastocladiomycota
1949:Calcareous sponges
1134:Porifera (sponges)
873:on 2 December 2019
691:Journal of Zoology
3725:
3724:
3697:Open Tree of Life
3550:Open Tree of Life
3418:Open Tree of Life
3297:Open Tree of Life
3163:Open Tree of Life
3038:Taxon identifiers
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3003:
3002:
2566:
2565:
2509:
2508:
2501:Verrucomicrobiota
2239:
2238:
2214:
2213:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1381:
1380:
1324:
1323:
1243:
1242:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
899:on 23 March 2007.
869:). Archived from
810:on 8 August 2009.
795:Catalogue of Life
643:
642:
634:
633:
625:
624:
616:
615:
607:
606:
402:All specimens of
283:is a microscopic
276:
275:
16:(Redirected from
3760:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3426:
3425:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3399:
3387:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3318:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3278:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3093:
3092:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3033:
2777:Anthocerotophyta
2656:Hemimastigophora
2577:
2548:Nitrososphaerota
2515:
2491:Thermomicrobiota
2431:Kiritimatiellota
2426:Ignavibacteriota
2391:Deferribacterota
2354:Campylobacterota
2339:Bdellovibrionota
2287:
2283:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2243:
1920:
1876:
1776:
1752:
1728:
1697:
1693:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1448:
1426:
1419:
1390:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1302:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1249:
1226:
1161:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1026:
1006:
980:
973:
966:
957:
949:
939:
900:
882:
880:
878:
842:
841:
839:
837:
818:
812:
811:
809:
790:
784:
783:
773:
758:Integr Comp Biol
750:Kristensen, R.M.
746:
740:
735:
729:
722:
716:
713:
707:
706:
682:
676:
671:
575:
553:
528:
506:
496:
435:Taxonomic status
260:
85:
84:
63:
46:
32:
21:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3753:Platyzoa genera
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3695:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3561:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3475:
3470:
3462:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3408:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3382:
3377:
3369:
3364:
3357:Limnognathiidae
3355:
3354:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3327:Limnognathiidae
3321:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3174:
3166:
3161:
3153:
3148:
3140:
3135:
3127:
3122:
3114:
3109:
3101:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3040:
3030:
3021:
2999:
2950:Gnathostomulida
2855:Xenacoelomorpha
2821:
2817:Flowering plant
2772:Marchantiophyta
2738:
2704:Chytridiomycota
2690:
2562:
2505:
2461:Planctomycetota
2421:Gemmatimonadota
2406:Elusimicrobiota
2299:Acidobacteriota
2277:
2270:
2240:
2235:
2210:
2136:Phylactolaemata
1924:
1914:
1913:
1899:
1890:Xenambulacraria
1866:
1822:
1799:
1765:
1747:Kryptotrochozoa
1741:
1719:
1689:
1676:
1667:Monoblastozoa (
1643:
1601:
1588:
1560:Micrognathozoa
1548:
1511:
1486:
1459:
1437:
1413:
1377:
1344:
1333:
1320:
1291:
1265:
1256:
1239:
1216:
1200:
1183:
1152:
1144:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1024:
1002:
993:
984:
953:
909:
903:L. maerski
891:
885:L. maerski
876:
874:
853:
850:
845:
835:
833:
820:
819:
815:
807:
792:
791:
787:
748:
747:
743:
736:
732:
723:
719:
714:
710:
684:
683:
679:
672:
668:
664:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
513:Gnathostomulida
486:
480:
472:gnathostomulids
442:is nominally a
437:
432:
416:L. maerski
404:L. maerski
400:
388:L. maerski
384:gnathostomulids
372:L. maerski
369:
353:L. maerski
350:
345:
333:L. maerski
321:(= very small)
272:
262:
256:
243:
240:L. maerski
216:Limnognathiidae
79:
68:Microscopic on
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3766:
3764:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3706:
3693:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3615:
3602:
3597:Micrognathozoa
3587:
3571:
3569:
3567:Micrognathozoa
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3468:
3455:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3414:
3401:
3388:
3375:
3362:
3347:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3306:
3293:
3280:
3267:
3254:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3200:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3159:
3146:
3133:
3120:
3107:
3094:
3081:
3066:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3010:Incertae sedis
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:Micrognathozoa
2952:
2947:
2945:Acanthocephala
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Lycopodiophyta
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2601:Ancyromonadida
2598:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2553:Thermoproteota
2550:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Pseudomonadota
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Mycoplasmatota
2438:
2436:Lentisphaerota
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Fusobacteriota
2413:
2411:Fibrobacterota
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2314:Armatimonadota
2311:
2306:
2304:Actinomycetota
2301:
2295:
2293:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2101:Platyhelminths
2097:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1895:Centroneuralia
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1700:
1694:
1691:Lophotrochozoa
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1606:
1603:Platytrochozoa
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1565:
1562:(Limnognathia)
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1349:
1338:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:(Triploblasts)
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1172:and relatives)
1164:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:Mesomycetozoea
1096:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1035:Diaphoretickes
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
999:
998:
995:
994:
985:
983:
982:
975:
968:
960:
951:
950:
922:(10): 160289.
906:
905:
888:
887:
849:
848:External links
846:
844:
843:
813:
785:
741:
730:
717:
708:
677:
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663:
660:
641:
640:
637:
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628:
627:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
610:
609:
605:
604:
601:
600:
597:Acanthocephala
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
578:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
556:
551:
549:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:Micrognathozoa
531:
526:
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:
509:
504:
502:
494:
479:
476:
464:Micrognathozoa
436:
433:
431:
428:
399:
396:
368:
365:
349:
346:
344:
341:
301:Crozet Islands
274:
273:
263:
252:
251:
245:
244:
237:
235:
231:
230:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
196:Micrognathozoa
193:
189:
188:
183:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
143:
142:
137:
130:
129:
124:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
65:
64:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:Micrognathozoa
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3765:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
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3735:
3733:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
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3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3598:
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3577:
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3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3435:Limnognathida
3432:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2734:Basidiomycota
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Glomeromycota
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Stramenopiles
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Apusomonadida
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:Nanoarchaeota
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:Euryarchaeota
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:Spirochaetota
2474:
2472:
2471:Rhodothermota
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Dictyoglomota
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:Cyanobacteria
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:Chrysiogenota
2372:
2370:
2369:Chloroflexota
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Calditrichota
2347:
2345:
2344:Caldisericota
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Atribacterota
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2231:
2230:dubious phyla
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:Hemichordates
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Glass sponges
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Deuterostomia
1883:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:of Bilateria
1870:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1704:Cycliophora (
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Panarthropoda
1440:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Stramenopiles
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:(major groups
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
996:
992:
989:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
961:
958:
954:
947:
943:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
907:
904:
901:— article on
898:
894:
890:
889:
886:
872:
868:
864:
860:
859:introduction"
858:
852:
851:
847:
831:
827:
823:
817:
814:
806:
802:
801:
796:
789:
786:
781:
777:
772:
767:
764:(3): 641–51.
763:
759:
755:
752:(July 2002).
751:
745:
742:
739:
734:
731:
727:
721:
718:
712:
709:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
678:
675:
670:
667:
661:
659:
657:
653:
649:
639:
638:
630:
629:
621:
620:
612:
611:
603:
602:
599:
598:
592:
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588:
587:
584:
583:
577:
576:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
555:
554:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
530:
529:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
508:
507:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
485:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:in the clade
453:
449:
445:
441:
434:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:female organs
405:
397:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
347:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:
270:
266:
261:
259:
253:
250:
249:Binomial name
246:
242:
241:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:Limnognathida
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
71:
66:
62:
57:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3566:
3434:
3326:
3179:
3076:Limnognathia
3046:Limnognathia
3045:
3016:
3008:
2930:Orthonectida
2925:Gastrotricha
2900:Nematomorpha
2875:Chaetognatha
2865:Hemichordate
2792:Pteridophyta
2661:Malawimonada
2535:Korarchaeota
2496:Thermotogota
2481:Synergistota
2456:Nitrospirota
2451:Nitrospinota
2396:Deinococcota
2329:Bacteroidota
2228:Potentially
2223:
2176:
2152:
2146:Gymnolaemata
2141:Stenolaemata
2130:Ectoproctans
2128:
2099:
2070:
2046:
2040:Pterobranchs
2027:
2003:
1979:
1955:
1931:
1925:within phyla
1923:Major groups
1793:
1780:Bryozoa s.l.
1771:Lophophorata
1759:
1735:
1713:
1705:
1668:
1657:Orthonectida
1632:
1579:
1572:
1561:
1559:
1480:
1473:
1402:
1360:Scalidophora
1309:
1297:Ambulacraria
1284:
1197:(see below↓)
1177:
1169:
1133:
1084:Opisthokonta
952:
919:
915:
902:
897:the original
884:
875:. Retrieved
871:the original
862:
857:Limnognathia
856:
834:. Retrieved
830:the original
825:
816:
805:the original
799:
794:
788:
761:
757:
744:
733:
720:
711:
694:
690:
686:
680:
669:
645:
595:
580:
558:
534:
533:
511:
490:Limnognathia
489:
487:
463:
439:
438:
415:
403:
401:
398:Reproduction
392:
387:
374:has a large
371:
370:
352:
351:
337:only species
332:
331:
326:
325:(= jaw) and
322:
318:
316:
309:
293:Disko Island
279:
278:
277:
257:
255:
239:
238:
227:Limnognathia
226:
225:
215:
205:
195:
179:
169:(unranked):
159:(unranked):
146:
133:
120:
110:Subkingdom:
69:
52:
36:Limnognathia
35:
29:
3645:iNaturalist
3591:Wikispecies
3498:iNaturalist
3351:Wikispecies
3310:SeaLifeBase
3204:Wikispecies
3070:Wikispecies
2985:Brachiopoda
2960:Cycliophora
2905:Onychophora
2880:Kinorhyncha
2802:Ginkgophyta
2797:Cycadophyta
2762:Chlorophyta
2752:Glaucophyta
2446:Myxococcota
2364:Chlorobiota
2359:Chlamydiota
2204:Tusk shells
2189:Cephalopods
2160:Polychaetes
2107:Turbellaria
2088:Crustaceans
2064:Secernentea
2054:Chromadorea
2035:Acorn worms
2005:Echinoderms
1997:Vertebrates
1939:Demosponges
1873:is disputed
1335:Protostomia
1223:is disputed
1150:ParaHoxozoa
877:10 December
822:"Phylogeny"
697:: 381–393.
658:evolution.
582:Eurotatoria
460:superphylum
420:male organs
343:Description
329:(= animal)
312:micrometers
163:Protostomia
127:ParaHoxozoa
3732:Categories
3018:Parakaryon
2980:Entoprocta
2915:Arthropoda
2910:Tardigrada
2890:Priapulida
2885:Loricifera
2870:Echinoderm
2840:Ctenophora
2812:Gnetophyta
2767:Charophyta
2757:Rhodophyta
2729:Ascomycota
2724:Zygomycota
2666:Metamonada
2641:Euglenozoa
2626:Ciliophora
2334:Balneolota
2309:Aquificota
2184:Gastropods
2165:Clitellata
2072:Arthropods
2011:Sea lilies
1957:Cnidarians
1875:; see also
1805:Brachiozoa
1568:Syndermata
1527:Gnathifera
1225:; see also
1170:Trichoplax
1168:Placozoa (
1155:Planulozoa
662:References
648:Gnathifera
547:Syndermata
500:Gnathifera
482:See also:
456:Gnathifera
305:Antarctica
285:acoelomate
265:Kristensen
186:Gnathifera
70:L. maerski
3582:Q18636217
3450:Q10562273
3342:Q21447118
3061:Q18636218
2935:Dicyemida
2807:Pinophyta
2686:Telonemia
2621:Cryptista
2611:Breviatea
2596:Amoebozoa
2591:Alveolata
2572:Eukaryote
2324:Bacillota
2170:Sipuncula
2117:Monogenea
2112:Trematoda
2083:Myriapods
2048:Nematodes
1992:Tunicates
1987:Lancelets
1981:Chordates
1973:Myxozoans
1880:Nephrozoa
1869:phylogeny
1669:Salinella
1624:Rouphozoa
1465:Tactopoda
1394:Nematoida
1346:Ecdysozoa
1267:Bilateria
1254:Bilateria
1235:Benthozoa
1230:Eumetazoa
1219:phylogeny
1189:Bilateria
1079:Amoebozoa
1057:Alveolata
1045:Cryptista
1020:Eukaryota
560:Seisonida
478:Phylogeny
452:subphylum
444:platyzoan
297:Greenland
234:Species:
153:Nephrozoa
140:Bilateria
114:Eumetazoa
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
3576:Wikidata
3444:Wikidata
3336:Wikidata
3263:11028696
3189:Wikidata
3055:Wikidata
2995:Annelida
2990:Mollusca
2970:Phoronid
2965:Nemertea
2940:Rotifera
2920:Flatworm
2895:Nematoda
2860:Chordate
2850:Cnidaria
2845:Placozoa
2676:Rhizaria
2651:Haptista
2631:Cercozoa
2291:Bacteria
2194:Bivalves
2178:Molluscs
2154:Annelids
1513:Spiralia
1120:Animalia
1074:Amorphea
1052:Rhizaria
1040:Hacrobia
1030:Excavata
1015:Bacteria
946:27853545
808:(CD-ROM)
780:21708760
468:rotifers
462:, named
412:rotifers
376:ganglion
212:Family:
192:Phylum:
173:Spiralia
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
3637:5967454
3624:5006388
3555:2845018
3542:2682578
3490:5967455
3477:5006389
3423:2845017
3384:4632628
3250:4632630
3237:5006392
3195:Q134876
3129:1070761
3116:4632629
3103:5006390
2975:Bryozoa
2671:Provora
2646:Jakobea
2636:Discoba
2582:Protist
2519:Archaea
2272:Extant
2199:Chitons
2122:Cestoda
2059:Enoplea
1933:Sponges
1706:Symbion
1649:Mesozoa
1089:Animals
1010:Archaea
986:Extant
937:5098970
863:zmuc.dk
836:3 March
826:zmuc.dk
367:Anatomy
357:diatoms
348:Feeding
335:is the
323:Gnathos
289:springs
222:Genus:
202:Order:
3715:272904
3702:435981
3689:195505
3676:808373
3650:151834
3529:808375
3503:551166
3410:808376
3397:115139
3302:426441
3289:195507
3276:808378
3168:435979
3155:195506
3142:808377
2835:Sponge
2827:Animal
2224:bolded
1067:Plants
1004:Domain
988:animal
944:
934:
778:
656:animal
319:Micros
271:, 2000
267:&
3658:IRMNG
3516:11676
3511:IRMNG
3392:IRMNG
3315:87844
3258:IRMNG
3224:6QDGQ
3124:IRMNG
3090:62YJZ
2744:Plant
2696:Fungi
2616:CRuMs
1386:N+L+P
1094:Fungi
991:phyla
448:class
380:cilia
269:Funch
180:Clade
147:Clade
134:Clade
121:Clade
3684:NCBI
3671:ITIS
3632:GBIF
3537:NCBI
3524:ITIS
3485:GBIF
3405:ITIS
3379:GBIF
3284:NCBI
3271:ITIS
3245:GBIF
3150:NCBI
3137:ITIS
3111:GBIF
2782:Moss
2274:life
1867:The
1217:The
942:PMID
879:2021
838:2018
776:PMID
646:The
470:and
327:Zoon
3663:114
3619:EoL
3606:CoL
3472:EoL
3464:3GG
3459:CoL
3371:C33
3366:CoL
3232:EoL
3219:CoL
3098:EoL
3085:CoL
1724:M+K
1616:R+M
1553:M+S
1422:L+P
932:PMC
924:doi
766:doi
699:doi
695:258
450:or
426:).
303:of
291:on
3734::
3712::
3699::
3686::
3673::
3660::
3647::
3634::
3621::
3611:55
3608::
3593::
3578::
3552::
3539::
3526::
3513::
3500::
3487::
3474::
3461::
3446::
3420::
3407::
3394::
3381::
3368::
3353::
3338::
3312::
3299::
3286::
3273::
3260::
3247::
3234::
3221::
3206::
3191::
3165::
3152::
3139::
3126::
3113::
3100::
3087::
3072::
3057::
940:.
930:.
918:.
914:.
861:.
824:.
774:.
762:42
760:.
756:.
693:.
492::
361:μm
295:,
182::
149::
136::
123::
2584:"
2580:"
2544:"
2540:"
2537:"
2533:"
2530:"
2526:"
2387:"
2383:"
2265:e
2258:t
2251:v
2232:†
1708:)
1673:†
1671:)
1157:)
1153:(
1101:)
979:e
972:t
965:v
948:.
926::
920:3
881:.
855:"
840:.
782:.
768::
705:.
701::
20:)
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