737:. Sidney Fox postulated that as these microspheres became more complex, they would carry on more lifelike functions. They would become heterotrophs, organisms with the ability to absorb nutrients from the environment for energy and growth. As the amount of nutrients in the environment decreased at that period, competition for those precious resources increased. Heterotrophs with more complex biochemical reactions would have an advantage in this competition. Over time, organisms would evolve that used
51:
782:
selectivity for tumor tissue alone, which causes severe side effects and results in low cure rates. Thus, it is very difficult to target abnormal cells by the conventional method of the drug delivery system. Microsphere technology is probably the only method that can be used for site-specific action (grossly overstated), without causing significant side effects on normal cells.
457:
can expand to more than 50 times their original size when heat is applied to them. The exterior wall of each sphere is a thermoplastic shell that encapsulates a low boiling point hydrocarbon. When heated, this outside shell softens and expands as the hydrocarbon exerts a pressure on the internal shell wall.
1241:
Théry, C.; Witwer, K. W.; Aikawa, E.; Alcaraz, M. J.; Anderson, J. D.; Andriantsitohaina, R.; Antoniou, A.; Arab, T.; Archer, F.; Atkin-Smith, G. K.; Ayre, D. C.; Bach, J. M.; Bachurski, D.; Baharvand, H.; Balaj, L.; Baldacchino, S.; Bauer, N. N.; Baxter, A. A.; Bebawy, M.; Beckham, C.; Bedina Zavec,
456:
are polymer microspheres that are used as a blowing agent in e.g. puff ink, automotive underbody coatings and injection molding of thermoplastics. They can also be used as a lightweight filler in e.g. cultured marble, waterborne paints and crack fillers/joint compound. Expandable polymer microspheres
781:
tumors and spare healthy liver tissue. Cancer microsphere technology is the latest trend in cancer therapy. It helps the pharmacist to formulate the product with maximum therapeutic value and minimum or negligible range side effects. A major disadvantage of anticancer drugs is their lack of
321:
Convenient/popular: Very often particles with dimensions more than 100 nm are still called nanoparticles. The upper range may be between 300 and 700 nm, so this would give a size definition for microparticles of 0.3 to 300 ÎĽm or 0.7 to 700 micrometers.
718:, were dissolved in hot water and the solution allowed to cool, they formed small spherical shells about 2 ÎĽm in diameter—microspheres. Under appropriate conditions, microspheres will bud new spheres at their surfaces.
363:
range (typically 1 ÎĽm to 1000 ÎĽm (1 mm). Microspheres are sometimes referred to as spherical microparticles. In general microspheres are solid or hollow and do not have a fluid inside, as opposed to microcapsules.
379:
microspheres are commercially available. Solid and hollow microspheres vary widely in density and, therefore, are used for different applications. Hollow microspheres are typically used as additives to lower the
1244:"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): A position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines"
465:
are primarily used as a filler and volumizer for weight reduction, retro-reflector for highway safety, additive for cosmetics and adhesives, with limited applications in medical technology.
200:
Microparticles have a much larger surface-to-volume ratio than at the macroscale, and thus their behavior can be quite different. For example, metal microparticles can be explosive in air.
440:
and other materials. High sphericity of polyethylene microspheres, as well as availability of colored and fluorescent microspheres, makes them highly desirable for flow visualization and
484:
Microspheres vary widely in quality, sphericity, uniformity, particle size and particle size distribution. The appropriate microsphere needs to be chosen for each unique application.
318:
Rounding: rules of rounding in mathematics provide an alternative for the definition. Anything larger than 0.5 ÎĽm and anything smaller than 0.5 mm is considered microparticles.
337:
A recent study showed that infused, negatively charged, immune-modifying microparticles could have therapeutic use in diseases caused or potentiated by inflammatory monocytes.
148:
525:- Used to create porous ceramics used for filters (microspheres melt out during firing, Polyethylene Microspheres) or used to prepare highstrength lightweight concrete.
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of the cell as lipid bilayer-bound entities that are typically larger than 100 nm in diameter. "Microparticle" has been used most frequently in this sense in the
253:
531:- Opaque microspheres used to hide wrinkles and give color, Clear microspheres provide "smooth ball bearing" texture during application (Polyethylene Microspheres)
733:-enclosed volume which is similar to that of a cell. Microspheres, like cells, can grow and contain a double membrane which undergoes diffusion of materials and
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Hollow microspheres loaded with drug in their outer polymer shell were prepared by a novel emulsion solvent diffusion method and spray drying technique.
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under laboratory conditions designed to mimic those found on Earth before the evolution of life. Of particular interest was the substantial yield of
428:
onto polystyrene readily and permanently, which makes polystyrene microspheres suitable for medical research and biological laboratory experiments.
1105:
Vert, Michel; Doi, Yoshiharu; Hellwich, Karl-Heinz; Hess, Michael; Hodge, Philip; Kubisa, Przemyslaw; Rinaudo, Marguerite; Schué, François (2012).
893:
Vert, Michel; Doi, Yoshiharu; Hellwich, Karl-Heinz; Hess, Michael; Hodge, Philip; Kubisa, Przemyslaw; Rinaudo, Marguerite; Schué, François (2012).
725:
in appearance, microspheres in and of themselves are not alive. Although they do reproduce asexually by budding, they do not pass on any type of
436:
are commonly used as a permanent or temporary filler. Lower melting temperature enables polyethylene microspheres to create porous structures in
1242:
A.; Benmoussa, A.; Berardi, A. C.; Bergese, P.; Bielska, E.; Blenkiron, C.; Bobis-Wozowicz, S.; Boilard, E.; Boireau, W.; et al. (2018).
828:. Because EVs retain the signature membrane protein composition of the parent cell, MPs and other EVs may carry useful information including
177:
are particles between 0.1 and 100 ÎĽm in size. Commercially available microparticles are available in a wide variety of materials, including
384:
of a material. Solid microspheres have numerous applications depending on what material they are constructed of and what size they are.
1177:
315:, or roughly 31.6 nm to 31.6 micrometers. However, general acceptance considers particles smaller than 100 nm nanoparticles.
134:
345:
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applications due to their ability to facilitate procedures such as cell sorting and immunoprecipitation. Proteins and ligands
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Paint and
Coatings Industry Magazine, January 1st, 2010 : Opaque Polyethylene Microspheres for the coatings applications
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31:
115:
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and numerous research applications. Charged polyethylene microspheres are also used in electronic paper digital displays.
87:
547:- As miniature time release drug capsule made of, for example, polymers. A similar use is as outer shells of microbubble
552:
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35:
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Drugs can be formulated as HBS floating microsphere. Following are list of drugs which can formulated as microsphere:
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Mithun Singh Rajput, Purti
Agrawal. Microspheres in Cancer Therapy. Indian Journal of Cancer. 2010;47(4):458-468.
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are spherical microparticles, and are used where consistent and predictable particle surface area is important.
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591:- added on top of paint used on roads and signs to increase night visibility of road stripes and signs (glass)
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Cosmetics and
Toiletries, April 2010 Issue: Solid Polyethylene Microspheres for effects in color cosmetics
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and deliver millions of microspheres directly to the tumor site. The SIR-Spheres microspheres target the
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http://microspheres.us/fluorescent-microspheres/piv-seeding-microparticle-flow-visualization/599.html
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Hemorrhoidal Artery
Embolization Minimally Invasive Treatment for Symptomatic Internal Hemorrhoids
585:- monodispere microspheres are used to calibrate particle sieves, and particle counting apparatus.
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1192:"Preparation and Research of the High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Based on Hollow Microspheres"
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Insulation – expandable polymer microspheres are used for thermal insulation and sound dampening.
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Home pregnancy tests make use of gold microparticles. Many applications are also listed in the
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537:- Small fluorescent microspheres (<200 nanometers) are required to obtain an experimental
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Spacers - Used in LCD screens to provide a precision spacing between glass panels (glass)
1082:"Microspheres, Spherical Particles, Microbeads, Custom Density, Fluorescent, Conductive"
729:
material. However they may have been important in the development of life, providing a
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987:"Therapeutic inflammatory monocyte modulation using immune-modifying microparticles"
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microspheres from microcapsules because it leads to first-order diffusion phenomena,
1107:"Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)"
937:
895:"Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)"
874:
617:
509:), neutrally-buoyant microspheres are frequently used for fluid flow visualization.
505:- Hollow microspheres are used to decrease material density in plastics (glass and
387:
167:: To be consistent with the prefix “micro” and the range imposed by the definition,
1259:
492:
New applications for microspheres are discovered every day. Below are just a few:
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Microspheres made from highly transparent glass can perform as very high quality
408:: The absence of outer layer forming a distinct phase is important to distinguish
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and expandable microspheres are the most common types of polymer microspheres.
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Microparticle of spherical shape without membrane or any distinct outer layer.
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One useful discovery made from the research of microspheres is a way to fight
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161:: The lower limit between micro- and nano-sizing is still a matter of debate.
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as small spherical units postulated by some scientists as a key stage in the
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Spherical particle larger than nano particles but smaller than sand particles
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499:- Coated microspheres provide measuring tool in biology and drug research
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Korolev, Evgeniy
Valerjevich; Inozemtcev, Alexandr Sergeevich (2013).
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of disease. They can be detected and characterized by methods such as
750:
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demonstrated that dry mixtures of amino acids could be encouraged to
645:
576:- Added to Scrubs as an exfoliating agent (Polyethylene Microspheres)
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30:
This article is about the particles. For the software company, see
816:. These biological microparticles are thought to be shed from the
778:
770:
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182:
938:"Solid Metal Microspheres - Stainless Steel and Titanium Spheres"
683:
that many simple biomolecules could be formed spontaneously from
412:
whereas diffusion is zero order in the case of microcapsules.
44:
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literature, usually as a term for platelet EVs found in the
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In biological systems, a microparticle is synonymous with a
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to characterise microscopes and perform image deconvolution
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analysis, microscopy techniques, health sciences, process
1230:
http://www.indianjcancer.com/text.asp?2010/47/4/458/73547
594:
Thickening Agent - Added to paints and epoxies to modify
519:, density of the particle has to match that of the fluid.
695:
obtained, since amino acids are the building blocks for
169:
dimensions of microparticles should be expressed in ÎĽm.
985:
Getts DR, Terry RL, Getts MT, et al. (Jan 2014).
155:
Particle with dimensions between 1 Ă— 10 and 1 Ă— 10 m.
753:
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are small spherical particles, with diameters in the
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upon exposure to moderate heat. When the resulting
193:. Microparticles encountered in daily life include
75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
367:Microspheres can be made from various natural and
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1294:Images of microspheres for various applications
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225:Mathematical: as the term "micro" refers to
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197:, sand, dust, flour, and powdered sugar.
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
1035:"Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization (HAE)"
515:- Solid or hollow microspheres used for
38:. For the biological cell fragment, see
885:
561:- Dual Functional microspheres used in
340:Microparticles can also be used during
1208:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.746.285
478:are used primarily as grinding media.
375:microspheres, metal microspheres, and
7:
1180:PIV seeding particle recommendations
255:, the range for micro would then be
73:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1248:Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
344:embolization procedures, such as
346:hemorrhoidal artery embolization
221:Alternative definitions for size
49:
648:and beneseragide, Fluorouracil.
60:needs additional citations for
32:Microsphere (software company)
1:
1260:10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750
1003:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007563
553:contrast-enhanced ultrasound
472:or optical microresonators.
36:microsphere (disambiguation)
1196:Advanced Materials Research
1335:
1115:Pure and Applied Chemistry
1058:UCLA Health (2024-06-24).
903:Pure and Applied Chemistry
761:polymer spheres that emit
513:Particle image velocimetry
29:
433:Polyethylene microspheres
308:{\displaystyle 10^{-4.5}}
278:{\displaystyle 10^{-7.5}}
1128:10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04
916:10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04
838:dynamic light scattering
418:Polystyrene microspheres
453:Expandable microspheres
248:{\displaystyle 10^{-6}}
786:Extracellular vesicles
765:. Physicians insert a
420:are typically used in
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371:. Glass microspheres,
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34:. For other uses, see
962:"Microspheres Online"
653:Biological protocells
539:Point spread function
470:optical microcavities
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215:extracellular vesicle
1070:– via YouTube.
476:Ceramic microspheres
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69:improve this article
966:Microspheres Online
865:Micro-encapsulation
793:can be released as
741:to produce energy.
369:synthetic materials
1165:2012-03-04 at the
1039:www.uclahealth.org
517:flow visualization
462:Glass microspheres
342:minimally invasive
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1086:www.cospheric.com
942:www.cospheric.com
826:blood circulation
814:endothelial cells
806:white blood cells
757:microspheres are
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1089:. Retrieved
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875:Nanoparticle
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769:through the
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618:Nitrendipine
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67:Please help
62:verification
59:
1202:: 285–288.
855:Luminescent
759:radioactive
755:SIR-Spheres
716:proteinoids
693:amino acids
678:Harold Urey
661:or protein
638:Aceclofenac
630:Misoprostol
606:Repaglinide
392:polystyrene
332:microsphere
125:August 2013
1303:Categories
1091:2019-05-07
1067:2024-08-20
1044:2024-08-20
971:2019-05-07
947:2019-05-07
881:References
870:Microbeads
860:Proteinoid
850:Coacervate
830:biomarkers
822:hemostasis
708:polymerize
704:Sidney Fox
687:precursor
663:protocells
610:Cimetidine
442:fluid flow
422:biomedical
361:micrometer
151:definition
95:newspapers
1216:137481918
810:platelets
773:into the
702:In 1957,
689:compounds
685:inorganic
672:In 1953,
642:Diltiazem
634:Metformin
622:Acyclovir
596:viscosity
583:Standards
529:Cosmetics
334:article.
298:−
268:−
238:−
1278:30637094
1163:Archived
1136:98107080
1021:24431111
924:98107080
844:See also
767:catheter
731:membrane
723:cellular
697:proteins
600:buoyancy
551:used in
523:Ceramics
503:Buoyancy
438:ceramics
187:polymers
179:ceramics
1269:6322352
1012:3973033
735:osmosis
727:genetic
563:Gyricon
507:polymer
382:density
377:ceramic
373:polymer
109:scholar
1319:Scales
1276:
1266:
1214:
1134:
1019:
1009:
922:
751:cancer
646:L-Dopa
426:adsorb
217:(EV).
195:pollen
191:metals
189:, and
165:Note 2
159:Note 1
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
1254:(1).
1212:S2CID
1132:S2CID
1110:(PDF)
920:S2CID
898:(PDF)
836:, or
812:, or
800:from
779:liver
771:groin
714:, or
497:Assay
183:glass
149:IUPAC
116:JSTOR
102:books
1274:PMID
1017:PMID
676:and
598:and
406:Note
88:news
1264:PMC
1256:doi
1204:doi
1200:746
1124:doi
1007:PMC
999:doi
912:doi
301:4.5
285:to
271:7.5
71:by
1305::
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808:,
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644:,
640:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
620:,
616:,
612:,
608:,
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294:10
264:10
234:10
185:,
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113:·
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