Microtransaction - Knowledge (XXG)

879:

individually and directly instead of through a collective and randomized loot box, and 44% believe that if loot boxes were eliminated from their online games the games would actually be a lot better. Plus, 40% of the children who played a game with loot boxes in them paid for one, too. Overall, the report stated that of the children who were generally unhappy with the games they paid for or were gifted, 18% felt that way because certain features had to be bought after paying for the game already, effectively making is so they had to pay more than the normal, full-price of the game in order to play the full game. The game was simply just not worth paying for to 35% of the unsatisfied children and 18% of them also felt that in-game microtransactions were not worth paying for either. Ultimately, children feel that spending money on microtransactions has become the norm and an expectation when playing modern video games.

531:

used data that it analyzed through 90,000 apps that installed the company's software in order to roughly determine the amount of revenue generated by other popular apps. They discovered that free games represented 39% of the total revenue from January, and that the number jumped to 65% by June, helped in part by the fact that over 75% of the 100 top grossing apps are games. This makes free-to-play the single most dominant business model in the mobile apps industry. They also learned that the number of people that spend money on in-game items in free-to-play games ranges from 0.5% to 6%, depending on a game's quality and

119:", is sometimes used pejoratively to refer to games where purchasing items in-game can give a player an advantage over other players, particularly if the items cannot be obtained through free means. The objective with a free-to-play microtransaction model is to involve more players in the game by providing desirable items or features that players can purchase if they lack the skill or available time to earn these through regular game play. Also, presumably the game developer's marketing strategy is that in the long term, the revenue from a micro transaction system will outweigh the revenue from a one-time-purchase game. 780:, which promotes and protects children's rights, released a report describing the experiences, thoughts, and effects, positive and negative, of gaming on children ages 10–16. Within the report, some of the children directly stated to the interviewers that the microtransactions and loot boxes that they encounter and subsequently buy, are just like gambling. The report concludes that showing the odds and percentages of certain microtransactions to players does not go far enough and does not actually solve the problem. 973:

on microtransactions in various mobile games, usually as a result of them getting tricked by the game to pay for something in-game or just not understanding that real money was being taken out of their, or their parents', bank accounts when they bought items in-game. Spending such large amounts of money on microtransactions have devastated some families financially, including some who had to pay a bill full of microtransaction payments with college savings and even money in life savings accounts.

813:" market, force a decision from the player to keep playing or not via a limited time pop-up on the screen that tells them that if they pay a certain amount of money (usually about 99 cents or a dollar), they can keep playing where they left off. This is another type of microtransaction and it has become increasingly common in the mobile games sphere as of late. Another psychological aspect that is used to get players to continue playing and buying microtransactions is called 776:, released in September 2019, called for the banning or regulation of microtransactions and loot boxes to children as well as having the games industry to take up more responsibility with regards to protecting players from the harms of microtransactions that simulate gambling. Specifically, the committee's conclusion is that microtransactions should be classified as gambling in the UK and therefore subject to current gambling and age-restriction laws. In October 2019, the 928:, no one, friends nor random strangers, will want to play with them as the default skin is seen as a symbol of a player being bad at the game. The default skin is used as judgement and an insult against the player whose in-game avatar wears it, too. Players wearing default skins are considered 'financially poor' and very 'uncool' by their peers and the game's community, so children spend money on microtransactions in order to avoid having that 'tag' or target on them. 732:

Legislature. Two of those bills would make it so games containing loot boxes can not be sold to people under the age of 21, and the other two would force game publishers to put labels on the case of their games that have loot boxes in them, as well as make them be transparent about the item drop rates for the rewards in their game's loot boxes. However, all four bills failed to pass through the Hawaii State Legislature in March 2018. In May 2019, Republican Senator

817:. When a player continues to lose over and over again, they begin to crave the dopamine-filled, positive feelings that they feel when they win. As such, they become more inclined to spend money for items that will help them achieve that elusive win. Then when they do win, the player attributes their win with the item that they just bought, making it more likely that they will spend money whenever the player gets on a losing streak, and so the cycle continues on. 1010:, can be considered unethical. Companies can sell data about consumers, involving their spending, bank information, and preferences, to understand the consumer better overall, making business models for gaming companies safer and more profitable. With microtransactions under a negative spotlight from the gaming community, there may be displeasure from those who are aware that their data is being shared to make microtransactions possible. 130:. Items and features available by microtransaction can range from cosmetic (such as decorative character attire) to functional (such as weapons and items). Some games allow players to purchase items that can be acquired through normal means, but some games include items that can only be obtained through microtransaction. Some developers ensure that only cosmetic items are accessible this way to keep gameplay fair and stable. 695:

their games' loot boxes in accordance with governmental laws, or otherwise as a result of negative reactions, others, such as Electronic Arts, have contested that they do not constitute as gambling. However, EA eventually complied with the Belgian government's declaration and made it so players in Belgium can not purchase FIFA Points, the premium (obtained by buying it with real money) in-game currency used in

3558: 433:(2012) pioneered a new approach to implanting microtransactions into games. In conjunction with having virtual currency be used to purchase items, tools, furniture, and animals, These mobile games made it so users can purchase currency and then use that currency to reduce or eliminate the wait times attached to certain actions, like planting and growing carrots or collecting taxes from the townspeople. 487:, they define loot boxes as "... items in video games that may be bought for real-world money, but which provide players with a randomised reward of uncertain value." The widespread usage of loot boxes by game developers and publishers have garnered a great amount of criticism from gamers in the past decade. Game developing corporations, like Electronic Arts (EA) and 859:" that the player must pay for. A "battle pass" is a tiered system where the player buys the pass and must unlock the tiers on their own. By completing challenges and other missions, they earn in-game items like outfits, emotes (special animations used to taunt opponents, celebrate victories, dance, and show-off), and other cosmetics. It is about $ 9.50 (or 950 of 321:'s publication, in February 2006, for a nominal fee) nor were they entirely unexpected: Bethesda had previously announced their desire to support the Xbox release with downloadable Marketplace content, and other publishers had already begun to release similar packages for their games, at similar prices. A November 2005-release of a "Winter Warrior Pack" for 25: 1042:(2013) generating more revenue through them than retail sales by the end of 2017. This trend was consistent with many other popular games at the time, leading to the practice being widespread in the 2010s. In its 2021 fiscal year, Activision Blizzard earned $ 8.8 billion, with the majority of profit generated from microtransactions. 972:

The children apologized to their parents and explained that at the time they did not understand how much they were impacting the family's financial situation. There have been other situations where UK children spent £700 ($ 903.53), £1,000 ($ 1290.75), £2,000 ($ 2581.50), and even £3,160 ($ 4078.77)

912:

often set in. Friends pressuring the player to continue buying packs hoping that they will be able to see them get a rare item can cause the player to spend more than they may actually be able to. The pressure to spend money on in-game content also stems from children seeing their friends have these

829:

in the UK, they studied and gathered data directly from children between the ages of 10–16 years old about their experiences with online gaming and the microtransactions that the games that they play hold, as well as ask about how the microtransactions in these games have affected them (and/or their

783:

Instead, they suggest that certain new features to protect children should be implemented in all games featuring microtransactions, like showing the all-time spending on a child's in-game account and having limits on the amount someone can spend daily. Additionally, they push for game developers and

690:

which removed their gameplay-altering microtransactions in March 2018 (but kept cosmetic microtransactions) due to players calculating that it would take over 48 hours of playing to obtain Luke Skywalker and then complaining about this extreme threshold to unlock popular characters to EA, have been

360:

and profile themes continued to be a Marketplace success for Microsoft, the aforementioned in-game content remained sparse. Pete Hines asserted, "We were the first ones to do downloadable content like that – some people had done similar things, but no one had really done additions where you add new

997:

Microtransactions have become increasingly common in many types of video games. Smartphone, console, and PC games all have conformed to the use of microtransactions due to its high profitability. Many companies and games, especially smartphone games, have taken on a business model that offer their

530:

reported on July 7, 2011, that based on its research, the revenue from free-to-play games had overtaken revenue from premium games that earn revenue through traditional means in Apple's App Store, for the top 100 grossing games when comparing the results for the months of January and June 2011. It

125:

are another form of microtransactions. Through purchasing a loot box, the player acquires a seemingly random assortment of items. Loot boxes result in high revenues because instead of a one-time purchase for the desired item, users may have to buy multiple boxes. This method has also been called a

959:

The amount of money that children spend on microtransactions has continued to grow because the design of these online games, as well as other outside influences, have made spending money for in-game content an essential aspect of the game itself. In the UK, different cases of children unknowingly

694:

Games would have to remove their microtransactions in order for it to be sold in their country. If the game companies don't comply, then Belgium's government said that it will enact "a prison sentence of up to 5 years and a fine of up to 800,000 euros". While most game publishers agreed to modify

498:

is an example of a microtransaction model in which all purchases are solely cosmetic: players can choose to purchase "skins" (cosmetic changes to the way characters, weapons, and vehicles look) to show off to other players. However, a player can experience all the content of the game and be on an

907:

Children might want to fit-in by paying for microtransactions and loot boxes and obtaining very rare items in front of their friends, creating a lot of hype and excitement among them. This makes paying for microtransactions a very positive experience for them. However, when children buy items in

663:

The implementation of microtransactions and the subsequent backlash from gamers and the gaming media have caused governments from all around the world to look into these games and their microtransaction mechanics. In April 2018, the Netherlands and Belgium banned the sale of microtransactions in

878:

Some other statistics and thoughts regarding loot boxes specifically were also collected from the children. Out of the 60% of children that know about loot boxes, a majority (91%) stated that the online games they play contain loot boxes in them, 59% of them would rather pay for in-game content

792:

Alongside questioning the legality of the extensive use of microtransactions, some gamers have also questioned the morality and ethics of selling microtransactions, especially to children. Researchers have studied the natural psychology behind both the selling and purchase of microtransactions.

870:

A majority of the children surveyed feel that these kinds of microtransaction systems in their online games are complete rip-offs. 76% of them also believe that these online games purposely try to squeeze as much money as possible from them when they play the game. About half of the children

731:

and Sean Quinlan, during a news conference, explained how loot boxes and microtransactions prey on children and that they are working to introduce bills into their state's house and senate. A few months later, in February 2018, they successfully put four bills onto the floor of Hawaii State

964:

player pack for them. In the span of three weeks, the children kept spending money on packs, eventually spending £550 ($ 709.91) altogether, completely emptying their parents' bank account, but never receiving one of the best players in the game as well as the children's favorite player:

262: 984:

in the study said that they spend anywhere from £10 ($ 12.91) a day to upwards of £300 ($ 387.23) in one year, sometimes even buying multiple player packs at one time. Some children have also stated that they have seen friends, their siblings, and acquaintances who have

891:

to them. Opening these random boxes without knowing what is inside, to them, is the same as opening a present. The excitement and suspense is amplified when the experience is felt alongside friends. In the UK Children's Commissioner's report, the children who played

847:

connection. Many online games targeting younger audiences may have the presence of microtransactions. The primary items bought by children in these games are largely cosmetic items, specifically "skins", which modify the appearance of the in-game player.

499:

even playing field without purchasing any microtransactions because no feature or gameplay-affecting piece of content is locked behind a payment. These games still occasionally take accusations of being "pay-to-win" as combat-focused video games, such as

784:

publishers to stop pressuring children to spend money on microtransactions in their games in order to progress through the game and for Parliament to change their current gambling laws to declare loot boxes as gambling and subject to gambling laws.

586:, in some cases they can be circumvented. In 2012, a server was created by a Russian developer, which provided falsified authentication for iOS in-app purchases. This allowed users to obtain features requiring a microtransaction without paying. 457:

in January 2010. In March 2014 EA marked the fifth anniversary of Ultimate Team and shared statistics showing the explosive growth in popularity of the game mode. By the late 2010s, Ultimate Team was generating billions of dollars every year.

980:'s study, children reported spending more and more money with each coming year, despite also feeling that because they are rewarded completely unknown items, they feel like they may be wasting money, too. One of the children that played 242:

uses three different kinds of currency: Credits (or coins), Duckets (which are earned through accomplishing specific achievements during gameplay), and Diamonds. Diamonds are only obtained through buying Credits with real-life money. In

871:

expressed that they need to spend money on the game in order for it to be fun to them; this is due to many of these games' features, which are modes that the children want to play and experience, being locked behind microtransaction

3276: 960:

spending money from their parents and their own in order to get what they want or need to progress through the game have surfaced. In one instance, the father of a family with four children all under 10 years old, bought an £8

475:, with constantly changing and updating content, became more prevalent in the video game market. These types of games heavily employ the use of the loot box microtransaction type. According to the September 2019 report by the 842:

study, in the United Kingdom, 97% of males and 90% of females aged 10–16 years old play video games. About 93% of people 10–16 years old in the United Kingdom have played video games, with many playing games that utilize an

611:

In the mid and late 2010s, people became increasingly aware of how microtransactions operate in games, and they have become much more critical of their usage. The commonly cited issues of microtransactions from gamers are:

446:

in which gamers can buy "packs" containing items such as players, stadiums and contract extensions with currency earned by playing the game or real world money. EA followed this success by introducing the game mode to

647:" (in order to advance past certain points, or to become the best in the game, it is virtually required to pay real money to receive in-game currency to purchase items or to pay for bigger and better items directly). 535:. Even though this means that a large number of people will never spend money in a game, it also means that the people that do spend money could amount to a sizeable number because the game was given away for free. 238:. Both free games allow users to customize the clothing and style of their characters; buy and collect furniture; and purchase special, "flashy" animations to show off to others using some type of virtual currency. 347:

reporter. "With more consoles on their way to retail, 80 games available by June, and new content and experiences coming to Xbox Live all the time, there has never been a better time to own an Xbox 360", announced

866:

s in-game virtual currency, V-Bucks), but the player can also pay about $ 28 (or 2,800 V-Bucks) instead to unlock the battle pass and they automatically complete the first 25 tiers (out of 100 tiers) of it.

740:

introduced a bill named "The Protecting Children from Abusive Games Act" to ban loot boxes and pay-to-win microtransactions in games played by minors, using similar conditions previously outlined in the

375:

horse armor became a model for many games that followed for implementing microtransactions in video games, and is considered the first primary example and often synonymous for microtransactions.

149:

both provide frameworks for initiating and processing transactions, and both take 30 percent of all revenue generated by microtransactions sold through in-app purchases in their respective

247:, the Linden Dollar (L$ ) is the virtual currency used to power the game's internal economy. L$ can be bought with real money through a marketplace developed by Linden Lab themselves, LindeX. 2664: 830:

parents) socially and financially. A growing number of parents of children aged 5 to 15 years old are now concerned that their children could be pressured to perform microtransactions online.

916:

Peer pressure is not the only way children's social gaming experiences are altered. As noted in both the Parent Zone report and the Children's Commissioner's assessment, children who play

491:, make billions of dollars through the purchase of their microtransactions. In FY2017, EA raked in around $ 1.68 billion and Activision Blizzard earned over $ 4 billion respectively. 924:, as in discrimination against people of different economic and social classes, exists among the players of the game. Some children fear that if they have the free 'default' skin in 989:

spend all of their birthday money on in-game microtransactions, all while feeling like spending that money has not been a waste despite them not receiving any valuable items.

2121: 913:

special, rare items, and them wanting to have it themselves. Essentially, when everyone around them has it, they will want it too in order to feel like a part of the group.

1018:

Data from a variety of sources show that microtransactions can vastly increase a companies' profits. Three free-to-play mobile games that made heavy use of the practice,

3651: 3516: 593:. Also, some platforms do not require passwords to finalize a microtransaction. This has resulted in consumers getting unexpectedly high bills, often referred to as a " 3087: 1679: 3821: 3506: 2095: 935:

that children consume outside of the game can also affect their social interactions and in-game spending. A popular mode of entertainment for children is watching

825:

During the past two decades, gaming has emerged as one of the top options children go to as a means of alleviating boredom. In an August 2019 report conducted by

1586: 1462: 3585: 2612: 1867: 2942: 1418: 1524: 773: 742: 636:

behaviours in people already suffering from gambling issues. Plus, they can make people overspend money on the game, whether or not they are able to do so.

484: 582:

switching to a free-to-play model due to a high rate of piracy. While microtransactions are considered a more robust and difficult to circumnavigate than

1648: 666: 2187: 1128: 2587: 3559:

Notice of the National Press and Publication Administration on Further Strict Management and Effective Prevention of Minors' Addiction to Online Games

691:

determined to be "games of chance" by the Belgian government. As such, they are highly regulated by the Belgian government under their gambling laws.

2507: 764:

The United Kingdom has also been closely observing microtransactions, especially loot boxes, and their effects on children. A major report by the UK

589:

Consumer organizations have criticized that some video games do not describe adequately that these purchases are made with real currency rather than

3379: 3283: 3143: 2790:

Stuart, Sam; Bedell, Geraldine; Malster, Tim; Shotbolt, Vicki; Shotbolt, Max; Linington, Sophie; Roberg, Torjus; Mahmood, Zain (August 29, 2019).

951:

game mode; unlike the children, the said content creators have the money to pay for the packs, due to YouTube being their major source of income.

3592: 3408: 313:

2.50 or £1.50; the corresponding PC release cost was US$ 1.99. Bethesda offered no rationale for the price discrepancy. These were not the first

1966: 2403: 977: 777: 769: 480: 3044: 3644: 3374: 2813: 2327:

McCaffrey, Matthew (2019). "The Macro Problem of Microtransactions: The Self-Regulatory Challenges of Video Game Loot Boxes". Rochester, NY.

1351: 1281: 1111: 1082: 3396: 3080: 2042: 719:

In the United States, there have been some calls to introduce legislation to regulate microtransactions in video games, whether on mobile,

875:. As such, there is a large gap between the gaming experiences that non-paying players have and the experiences that paying players have. 141:. Microtransactions are most commonly provided through a custom store interface placed inside the app for which the items are being sold. 1792: 1036:, were all in the top five most profitable mobile games of 2016. Microtransactions are also used in larger budget games as well, such as 3521: 3345: 1710: 562:

speculated in June 2012 that within 5 to 10 years, all games will have transitioned to the microtransaction model. Tommy Palm of King (

171:(1990) was infamous for its use of microtransactions to purchase items in the game. It had shops where players would insert coins into 2428: 2368: 887:

For many children, the excitement that they feel when they open loot boxes, packs, and obtain items through microtransactions is very

706:

players in Belgium were disappointed because not being able to buy FIFA Points makes it harder for them to compete and succeed in the

616:

Loot box rewards are determined by random chance and percentages, plus they can directly influence gameplay via the items they bestow.

570:

developer Manveer Heir in a 2017 interview, microtransactions have become a factor in what types of games are planned for production.

167: 3019: 2862: 2722: 1940: 1733: 1485: 3852: 3107: 2302: 1991: 1617: 805:

is a significant part of the psychology behind people buying microtransactions. Essentially, many games, especially in the realm of

60: 2125: 400:

Electronic Arts removed the ability to buy single items, instead downloadable content is provided exclusively via expansion packs.

2993: 3637: 3440: 3238: 2638: 2017: 765: 682: 476: 339:. Indeed, Marketplace content additions formed a significant part of a March 2006 Microsoft announcement regarding the future of 258:

s users. In September 2005, $ 3,596,674 worth of transactions were processed on the platform. Both games are still active today.

1233: 3857: 3290: 3073: 2536: 2205: 2069: 2562: 3531: 1847: 896:

feel that opening player packs are a game within the game. To them, opening packs creates variety because they can play some

424: 274: 2221: 2168: 1547: 42: 35: 343:. "Downloadable in-game content is a main focus of Microsoft's strategy heading into the next-gen console war", stated one 3452: 3204: 3190: 2613:"Senator Hawley to Introduce Legislation Banning Manipulative Video Game Features Aimed at Children | Senator Josh Hawley" 1671: 728: 3197: 3129: 1764: 3745: 2791: 2481: 1578: 1216: 2744: 1454: 3811: 3401: 3391: 2689: 539: 3816: 3783: 3511: 2938: 2150: 1426: 583: 3474: 3447: 3423: 3353: 3321: 3246: 3096: 1516: 419: 323: 1640: 388:. It allowed players to purchase points that can be spent on in-game items. The Store has also been a part of 317:-related Marketplace releases (the first was a series of dashboard themes and picture packs released prior to 3660: 3311: 2238: 2188:"EA 'pushing for more open-world games [because] you can monetise them better,' says ex-Bioware dev" 329: 3536: 3484: 3328: 3306: 1006:

The collection of this data on consumers, although technically legal in the United States, or outside the

625: 620: 576:

coupled with microtransactions may be used as a response to piracy. An example of this is the mobile game

559: 349: 211: 137:. There has been considerable discussion over microtransactions and their effects on children, as well as 2277: 2256:"Loot boxes: gambling in disguise? - A qualitative study on the motivations behind purchasing loot boxes" 265:

The content of the "Horse Armor" package was generally seen as meager, inspiring some to complain of its

133:

The reasons why people, especially children, continue to pay for microtransactions are embedded in human

3847: 3479: 3369: 3338: 3176: 2340: 507: 461:

From around 2017, another major transition in how microtransactions are implemented in games occurred. "

287: 205: 1914: 1191: 619:

They sometimes cost too much money for what they are worth. For example, a bundle of 50 loot boxes in

3679: 3674: 3606: 3430: 3413: 3271: 3232: 897: 523: 310: 291: 283: 266: 251:

in particular has generated massive amounts of economic activity and profits for both Linden Lab and

218:

Notable examples of games that used this model in the early 2000s include the social networking site

2255: 3826: 3599: 3316: 3136: 1372:"The business of micro transactions: What is the players' motivation for purchasing virtual items?" 1371: 723:, or PC, and numerous attempts have been made recently to pass such legislation. In November 2017, 488: 2043:"Activision Blizzard made over $ 4 billion on microtransactions in 2017, over half of its revenue" 96:

games to provide a revenue source for the developers. While microtransactions are a staple of the

3684: 3613: 3418: 3112: 1422: 1038: 888: 746: 720: 708: 462: 357: 279: 327:

was also priced at 200 Marketplace points, and similar content additions had been scheduled for

2967: 1393: 566:) expressed in 2014 his belief that all games will eventually be free-to-play. According to Ex- 261: 3563: 2332: 2328: 1852: 1737: 1489: 1347: 1337: 1313: 1107: 1078: 335: 180: 101: 2690:"Immersive and addictive technologies - Digital, Culture, Media and Sport - House of Commons" 2303:"Immersive and addictive technologies - Digital, Culture, Media and Sport - House of Commons" 1992:"Immersive and addictive technologies - Digital, Culture, Media and Sport - House of Commons" 1702: 1609: 998:

games for free and then relying purely on the success of microtransactions to turn a profit.

590: 548: 527: 353: 306: 1899: 1255: 1099: 1072: 904:

game mode and then open some packs when they get bored of playing normal football matches.

745:. The bill received some bi-partisan support in the form of two co-sponsors from Democrats 3710: 2353: 2208: 1741: 1493: 986: 801:

According to a post made by Gabe Duverge on the Touro University Worldwide (TUW) website,

555: 414: 379: 364:

The horse armor content sold relatively poorly, ranking ninth out of ten in DLC sales for

183:. The microtransaction revenue model gained popularity in South Korea with the success of 172: 161:

Initially, microtransactions in games took the form of exchanging real-life money for the

105: 2588:"Senator to introduce legislation banning video game 'loot boxes,' 'pay to win' features" 654:

means that gamers are paying more money after already paying to experience the full game.

515:– which technically can give players an advantage by obscuring them to human opponents. 3252: 3218: 2096:"Looks like Call of Duty: Warzone's controversial Roze skin is finally properly nerfed" 1026: 1007: 802: 532: 429: 111:

Free-to-play games that include a microtransaction model are sometimes referred to as "

81: 1868:"The Sims 2 Store, All-New Online Shopping Destination for Your Sims, Goes Live Today" 1308: 3841: 3795: 3568: 3541: 3386: 1153: 909: 814: 758: 664:

games sold in their countries. The specific games Belgium looked closer at were EA's

453: 437: 361:

stuff to your existing game." There was no pressure from Microsoft to make the move.

162: 85: 2454: 3735: 3720: 3526: 3183: 3169: 1610:"Round Up: Oblivion Downloadable Content, ESRB Ratings Issues, Ubisoft COO Resigns" 1020: 966: 810: 651: 578: 573: 511:, offer skins that are inspired by real-world military equipment – often including 501: 188: 93: 89: 3045:"Activision Blizzard Reports Highest Microtransaction Revenue Ever - ExtremeTech" 1555: 3788: 3750: 3715: 3435: 3162: 2792:

The Rip-Off Games: How the new business model of online gaming exploits children

1286: 1051: 1032: 856: 806: 750: 733: 234: 220: 2914: 2889: 1793:"The Harsh History Of Gaming Microtransactions: From Horse Armor to Loot Boxes" 3773: 3225: 3150: 2665:"Immersive and addictive technologies report published - News from Parliament" 932: 644: 594: 512: 466: 448: 396: 390: 384: 229: 199: 142: 134: 116: 97: 2508:"Battlefront 2 loot crates draw lawmakers' attention in US, Belgium (update)" 1129:"EA suspends in-game payments for new 'Star Wars: Battlefront II' video game" 3740: 1848:"Horse armor was mocked, but it launched a billion-dollar cosmetic industry" 1706: 1613: 1343: 754: 409: 340: 176: 150: 3065: 1820: 3629: 3768: 3730: 3725: 3551: 3467: 3333: 1825: 1797: 1675: 1644: 1582: 1520: 1458: 944: 921: 844: 737: 633: 606: 471: 404: 344: 193: 138: 127: 122: 112: 3462: 3211: 3020:"DLC and Microtransactions: New Study Shows How Gamers Feel About Them" 1551: 936: 872: 672: 567: 442: 295: 1282:"Nexon wins over Western developers by pitching gaming as an art form" 716:

games, showing just how "pay-to-win" they feel FIFA Ultimate Team is.

686:

developed by Valve. All of those game's microtransactions, except for

3705: 2206:

How high is 'unbelievably high' piracy? Dead Trigger dev's not saying

1769: 724: 225: 146: 2254:

Randau, Denise; Nguyen, Anh; Mirgolozar, Adrian (December 7, 2018).

939:

videos of other people playing their favorite games. In the case of

3457: 2263:

Jönköping University International Business School Bachelor Thesis

1941:"EA looks back on five years of the FIFA Ultimate Team juggernaut" 1100:"Video game monetization mechanisms in triple A (AAA) video games" 260: 184: 2745:"Ethical and Legal Dimensions of Microtransactions in Videogames" 2122:"Free-to-play Revenue Overtakes Premium Revenue in the App Store" 3156: 2429:"Electronic Arts Has a Microtransaction Problem It Can't Ignore" 2404:"Now Belgium declares loot boxes gambling and therefore illegal" 1967:"EA made $ 1.62bn from Ultimate Team in its last financial year" 1379:

Jönköping University International Business School Master Thesis

1220: 3633: 3069: 2222:"Apple iOS in-app purchases hacked; everything is free (video)" 855:, many of the outfits and other cosmetics are locked behind a " 1885: 1154:"Common mis-conceptions about microtransactions | Game Sparks" 543: 18: 1765:"Top Oblivion DLC Revealed, Horse Armor Surprisingly Popular" 1192:"Insert More Coins: The Psychology Behind Microtransactions" 1104:

Simulation & Gaming Through Times and Across Disciplines

165:

used in the game that the user was playing. The arcade game

282:. From April 2006 onwards, Bethesda began releasing small, 2943:"Why Mobile Games Are Shaking Up The Advertising Business" 538:

A later study found that over 92% of revenue generated on

108:

digital distribution platform, as well as console gaming.

1217:

Apple's App Store: An economy for 1 percent of developers

2537:"Hawaii lawmakers introduce loot crate regulation bills" 2018:"EA earns $ 1.68 billion in microtransactions in FY2017" 2994:"Is Google Sharing Your Personal Data? Now You'll Know" 2369:"The Netherlands declares some loot boxes are gambling" 2169:"Microtransactions will be in every game, says EA exec" 1703:"Microsoft Confirms Xbox 360 Production Surge, Plans" 1370:

van Berlo, Kevin; Liblik, Karl-Chris (May 23, 2016).

305:

s steeds, was released on April 3, 2006, costing 200

1234:"Transaction Fees – Google Play for Developers Help" 3804: 3761: 3698: 3667: 3577: 3495: 3362: 3299: 3262: 3121: 2933: 2931: 2814:"Fortnite Chapter 2 battle pass skins and rewards" 2151:"Some Gamers Fear a Dystopian Free-to-Play Future" 100:market, they are also seen on PC software such as 1486:"Bethesda announces new premium Oblivion content" 1098:Ivanov, M.; Wittenzellner; Washboard, M. (2019). 659:Legislative efforts to regulate microtransactions 2890:"The kids emptied our bank account playing Fifa" 821:Ethics of selling microtransactions to children 2639:"US loot box bill receives bipartisan support" 2278:"Are Overwatch's loot boxes worth your money?" 712:and the EA-sponsored e-sports competition for 403:In the late 2000s and early 2010s, games like 290:, for the equivalent of between one and three 3645: 3081: 2145: 2143: 1106:. Warsaw: Kozminski University. p. 422. 546:in 2013 came from free-to-play games such as 8: 3586:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association 774:Digital, Culture, Media, and Sport Committee 1900:"The Sims™ 4 - Packs - An Official EA site" 1077:. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. p. 18. 485:Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee 294:. The first package, a set of horse armor ( 3652: 3638: 3630: 3499: 3088: 3074: 3066: 1672:"Marketplace hits 10 million transactions" 702:s "Ultimate Team" game mode. Professional 607:Loot box § Regulation and legislation 43:remove low-quality or irrelevant citations 2482:"Is It Too Expensive to Be Good at FIFA?" 1448: 1446: 1444: 224:(2001), developed by the Finnish company 61:Learn how and when to remove this message 2561:Brestovansky, Michael (March 24, 2018). 2070:"How to Acquire Fortnite Cosmetic Items" 1915:"FIFA 09 Ultimate Team DLC - first look" 743:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act 650:Microtransactions in games that are not 1763:McWhertor, Michael (January 30, 2009). 1465:from the original on September 10, 2015 1063: 2856: 2854: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2349: 2338: 1589:from the original on November 22, 2020 179:, health, weapons, special moves, and 92:. Microtransactions are often used in 2908: 2906: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2530: 2528: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2249: 2247: 2120:Valadares, Jeferson (July 11, 2011). 1579:"Oblivion content now on Marketplace" 1365: 1363: 7: 3593:Entertainment Software Ass'n v. Foti 2870:Children's Commissioner Publications 2861:Longfield, Anne (October 22, 2019). 2730:Children's Commissioner Publications 2721:Longfield, Anne (October 22, 2019). 2402:Yin-Poole, Wesley (April 25, 2018). 2367:Yin-Poole, Wesley (April 19, 2018). 1455:"Oblivion horse armor now available" 1280:Takahashi, Dean (November 1, 2015). 1186: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1174: 947:constantly open player packs in the 3522:Family Entertainment Protection Act 2812:Goslin, Austen (October 15, 2019). 2535:Good, Owen S. (February 13, 2018). 2506:Good, Owen S. (November 22, 2017). 2094:Yin-Poole, Wesley (June 22, 2021). 1791:Williams, Mike (October 11, 2017). 1682:from the original on April 29, 2015 1651:from the original on April 29, 2015 1527:from the original on March 28, 2020 1515:Sinclair, Brendan (April 7, 2006). 778:Children's Commissioner for England 2563:"'Loot box' bills fail to advance" 2186:Donnelly, Joe (October 23, 2017). 2016:Strickland, Derek (May 10, 2017). 1965:Yin-Poole, Wesley (May 27, 2021). 1713:from the original on June 11, 2007 1639:Surette, Tim (November 29, 2005). 1577:Surette, Tim (February 23, 2006). 1071:Chandler, Heather Maxwell (2020). 197:(1999), followed by games such as 168:Double Dragon 3: The Rosetta Stone 139:regulation and legislation efforts 14: 3278:California v. Activision Blizzard 3108:List of controversial video games 2915:"My son spent £3,160 in one game" 2276:Friedman, Daniel (May 26, 2016). 1819:Senior, Tom (December 24, 2019). 1701:Carless, Simon (March 21, 2006). 1620:from the original on June 9, 2007 1546:Klepek, Patrick (April 3, 2006). 84:where users can purchase in-game 2241:– Richard Stanton, April 3, 2014 1939:Sarkar, Samit (March 19, 2014). 1913:Thomas, Aaron (March 14, 2009). 1732:Gibson, Ellie (March 20, 2007). 1484:Loughrey, Paul (April 5, 2006). 1254:Derboo, Sam (November 4, 2016). 683:Counter-Strike: Global Offensive 286:from their website and over the 284:downloadable packages of content 23: 2913:Kleinman, Zoe (July 15, 2019). 1670:Surette, Tim (March 21, 2006). 1608:Dobson, Jason (April 3, 2006). 943:, children may watch a popular 382:introduced an online Store for 3532:Truth in Video Game Rating Act 2888:Kleinman, Zoe (July 9, 2019). 1641:"Kameo konkokts kool kostumes" 1548:"Oblivion 360 Downloads Begin" 1453:Surette, Tim (April 3, 2006). 1102:. In Wardaszko, Marcin (ed.). 278:was released in March 2006 by 275:The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion 1: 3191:Super Columbine Massacre RPG! 1517:"Next Oblivion add-on priced" 623:'s first-person shooter game 394:since the game's release. In 36:excessive number of citations 3822:IP protection of video games 3507:Intellectual property rights 1339:Video Games Around the World 639:Games with loot boxes, like 440:game mode was introduced in 1074:The Game Production Toolbox 232:'s 2003 virtual world game 3874: 3812:Advertising in video games 2939:Sivaramakrishnan, Kamakshi 2694:publications.parliament.uk 2307:publications.parliament.uk 1996:publications.parliament.uk 1256:"Double Dragon 3 (Arcade)" 1196:Touro University WorldWide 604: 3817:Digital rights management 3517:1993 U.S. Senate hearings 3512:Video Recordings Act 1984 3502: 3380:regionally censored games 3103: 1336:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2015). 1223:. Retrieved July 9, 2014. 584:digital rights management 558:Corporate Vice-President 16:Video game business model 3853:Video game controversies 3354:Corrupted Blood incident 3247:Digital Homicide Studios 3097:Video game controversies 2455:"FIFA Points in Belgium" 2124:. Flurry. Archived from 908:front of their friends, 688:Star Wars Battlefront II 667:Star Wars Battlefront II 601:Criticism and regulation 420:The Simpsons: Tapped Out 352:. Nonetheless, although 324:Kameo: Elements of Power 3661:Video game monetization 3312:Cheating in video games 2743:Khonych, Alena (2019). 2239:Selling candy to babies 978:Children's Commissioner 368:by 2009. Despite this, 330:Project Gotham Racing 3 3858:Video game terminology 3537:Video Game Decency Act 3329:Death of Brandon Crisp 3307:Blitzchung controversy 2348:Cite journal requires 356:games, picture packs, 270: 212:Dungeon Fighter Online 175:to purchase upgrades, 3397:Gender representation 3339:2017 Wichita swatting 2617:www.hawley.senate.gov 2567:Hawaii Tribune-Herald 1886:"Store - The Sims™ 3" 1496:on September 30, 2007 1398:MIT Technology Review 788:Psychology and ethics 605:Further information: 508:Call of Duty: Warzone 288:Xbox Live Marketplace 264: 191:games, starting with 3680:Downloadable content 3675:Digital distribution 3607:Epic Games v. Google 3349:match fixing scandal 3284:ABK Workers Alliance 3265:workplace misconduct 3233:Six Days in Fallujah 1429:on December 23, 2006 1419:"Oblivion Downloads" 632:They may facilitate 524:Mobile web analytics 3827:Video game industry 3600:Epic Games v. Apple 3300:Other controversies 3049:www.extremetech.com 2998:Wireless Design Mag 2863:"Gaming the system" 2723:"Gaming the system" 2459:Electronic Arts Inc 1856:. October 13, 2022. 1394:"Virtual Economics" 1260:Hardcore Gaming 101 1198:. February 25, 2016 494:The aforementioned 489:Activision Blizzard 3746:Subscription-based 3685:Games as a service 3614:Strickland v. Sony 3419:Simulator sickness 3113:Video game culture 2461:. January 29, 2019 2128:on August 10, 2011 2049:. February 9, 2018 1423:Bethesda Softworks 1158:www.gamesparks.com 1039:Grand Theft Auto V 962:FIFA Ultimate Team 747:Richard Blumenthal 709:FIFA Global Series 436:In March 2009 the 307:Marketplace points 280:Bethesda Softworks 271: 115:". Another term, " 3835: 3834: 3706:Advertising-based 3690:Microtransactions 3627: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3564:Video game piracy 3547:Microtransactions 2972:Superdataresearch 2643:GamesIndustry.biz 2435:. October 7, 2019 2157:. April 14, 2014. 2068:Loguidice, Bill. 1821:"Horse armor won" 1744:on March 28, 2007 1738:GamesIndustry.biz 1490:GamesIndustry.biz 1353:978-0-262-32849-4 1314:Nexon Corporation 1113:978-83-66502-01-7 1084:978-0-429-80178-5 920:, explained that 838:According to the 336:Perfect Dark Zero 181:player characters 126:form of underage 74:Microtransactions 71: 70: 63: 3865: 3668:General concepts 3654: 3647: 3640: 3631: 3500: 3205:Ethnic Cleansing 3137:Custer's Revenge 3090: 3083: 3076: 3067: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2992:Mooney, Janine. 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2885: 2874: 2873: 2867: 2858: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2787: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2718: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2399: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2336: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2218: 2212: 2203: 2197: 2196:October 23, 2017 2195: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2147: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1874:. June 30, 2008. 1864: 1858: 1857: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1740:. Archived from 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1554:. Archived from 1543: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1492:. Archived from 1481: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1450: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1425:. Archived from 1415: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1392:Reiss, Spencer. 1389: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1367: 1358: 1357: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1230: 1224: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1188: 1169: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1124: 1118: 1117: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1068: 987:mental disorders 865: 770:House of Commons 727:representatives 701: 591:virtual currency 564:Candy Crush Saga 549:Candy Crush Saga 481:House of Commons 374: 354:Xbox Live Arcade 309:, equivalent to 304: 257: 163:virtual currency 66: 59: 55: 52: 46: 27: 26: 19: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3862: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3800: 3757: 3711:Blockchain game 3694: 3663: 3658: 3628: 3619: 3573: 3491: 3409:Health problems 3358: 3295: 3264: 3258: 3198:Muslim Massacre 3117: 3099: 3094: 3064: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3018:Makuch, Eddie. 3017: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2877: 2865: 2860: 2859: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2755: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2725: 2720: 2719: 2708: 2698: 2696: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2486:Bleacher Report 2480:Akerman, Nick. 2479: 2478: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2401: 2400: 2387: 2377: 2375: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2347: 2337: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2311: 2309: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2275: 2274: 2270: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2211:. July 23, 2012 2209:Android Central 2204: 2200: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2149: 2148: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2078: 2076: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2052: 2050: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1949: 1947: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1923: 1921: 1912: 1911: 1907: 1902:. May 31, 2022. 1898: 1897: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1803: 1801: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1559: 1558:on May 22, 2011 1545: 1544: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1452: 1451: 1442: 1432: 1430: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1402: 1400: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1361: 1354: 1346:. p. 510. 1335: 1334: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1292: 1290: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1264: 1262: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1215: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1190: 1189: 1172: 1162: 1160: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1137: 1135: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1085: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1048: 1016: 1004: 995: 957: 885: 863: 851:In the case of 836: 823: 799: 790: 699: 661: 609: 603: 556:Electronic Arts 521: 451:beginning with 415:Electronic Arts 380:Electronic Arts 372: 302: 255: 173:arcade machines 159: 67: 56: 50: 47: 40: 34:may contain an 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3871: 3869: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3840: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3808: 3806: 3805:Related topics 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3796:Skin gambling‎ 3793: 3792: 3791: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3649: 3642: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3477: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3453:Sexual content 3450: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3433: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3366: 3364: 3363:Social aspects 3360: 3359: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3347:Counter-Strike 3343: 3342: 3341: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3274: 3272:Crunch culture 3268: 3266: 3263:Harassment and 3260: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3253:Active Shooter 3249: 3244: 3236: 3229: 3222: 3219:V-Tech Rampage 3215: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3166: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3070: 3062: 3061: 3036: 3010: 2984: 2959: 2927: 2902: 2875: 2830: 2804: 2753: 2735: 2706: 2681: 2656: 2645:. May 24, 2019 2630: 2604: 2579: 2553: 2524: 2498: 2472: 2446: 2420: 2385: 2359: 2350:|journal= 2319: 2294: 2268: 2243: 2231: 2213: 2198: 2178: 2160: 2139: 2112: 2086: 2060: 2034: 2008: 1983: 1957: 1931: 1905: 1891: 1877: 1859: 1839: 1811: 1783: 1755: 1734:"Scrolling Up" 1724: 1693: 1662: 1631: 1600: 1569: 1538: 1507: 1476: 1440: 1410: 1384: 1359: 1352: 1328: 1300: 1272: 1246: 1225: 1209: 1170: 1145: 1127:Murphy, Mike. 1119: 1112: 1090: 1083: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1047: 1044: 1027:Clash of Clans 1015: 1012: 1003: 1000: 994: 991: 956: 953: 884: 881: 835: 832: 822: 819: 803:impulse buying 798: 795: 789: 786: 660: 657: 656: 655: 648: 643:, can become " 637: 630: 629:costs $ 39.99. 617: 602: 599: 520: 517: 465:" games, like 430:Clash of Clans 158: 155: 82:business model 80:) refers to a 69: 68: 51:September 2023 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3870: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3650: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3569:Skin gambling 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3542:Law 3037/2002 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3402:LGBTQ+ themes 3400: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3387:Cyberbullying 3385: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3240:Mass Effect 3 3237: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3144:Mortal Kombat 3141: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122:Game-specific 3120: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3025: 3021: 3014: 3011: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2985: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2916: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2746: 2739: 2736: 2731: 2724: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2670: 2669:UK Parliament 2666: 2660: 2657: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2619:. May 8, 2019 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2554: 2542: 2538: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2499: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2473: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2447: 2434: 2433:InvestorPlace 2430: 2424: 2421: 2409: 2405: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2374: 2370: 2363: 2360: 2355: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2320: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2283: 2279: 2272: 2269: 2264: 2257: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2189: 2182: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2127: 2123: 2116: 2113: 2101: 2097: 2090: 2087: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2061: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2023: 2019: 2012: 2009: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1984: 1972: 1968: 1961: 1958: 1946: 1942: 1935: 1932: 1920: 1916: 1909: 1906: 1901: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1881: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1815: 1812: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1756: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1728: 1725: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1694: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1666: 1663: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1632: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1604: 1601: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1573: 1570: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1542: 1539: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1511: 1508: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1480: 1477: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1399: 1395: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1373: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1332: 1329: 1316: 1315: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1261: 1257: 1250: 1247: 1235: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1159: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1120: 1115: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1067: 1064: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1001: 999: 992: 990: 988: 983: 979: 974: 970: 968: 963: 954: 952: 950: 949:Ultimate Team 946: 942: 938: 934: 929: 927: 923: 919: 914: 911: 910:peer pressure 905: 903: 902:Ultimate Team 900:games in the 899: 895: 890: 882: 880: 876: 874: 868: 862: 858: 854: 849: 846: 841: 833: 831: 828: 820: 818: 816: 815:loss aversion 812: 808: 804: 796: 794: 787: 785: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 760: 759:Massachusetts 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 735: 730: 726: 722: 717: 715: 711: 710: 705: 698: 692: 689: 685: 684: 679: 675: 674: 669: 668: 658: 653: 649: 646: 642: 638: 635: 631: 628: 627: 622: 618: 615: 614: 613: 608: 600: 598: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 580: 575: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 551: 550: 545: 541: 536: 534: 529: 525: 518: 516: 514: 510: 509: 504: 503: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 477:UK Parliament 474: 473: 468: 464: 459: 456: 455: 454:Madden NFL 10 450: 445: 444: 439: 438:Ultimate Team 434: 432: 431: 426: 422: 421: 416: 412: 411: 406: 401: 399: 398: 393: 392: 387: 386: 381: 378:In June 2008 376: 371: 367: 362: 359: 355: 351: 346: 342: 338: 337: 332: 331: 326: 325: 320: 316: 312: 308: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 276: 268: 263: 259: 254: 250: 246: 241: 237: 236: 231: 227: 223: 222: 216: 214: 213: 208: 207: 202: 201: 196: 195: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 169: 164: 156: 154: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 131: 129: 124: 120: 118: 114: 109: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 90:micropayments 87: 86:virtual goods 83: 79: 75: 65: 62: 54: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 3848:Micropayment 3774: 3721:Free-to-play 3689: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3584: 3546: 3527:Shutdown law 3375:banned games 3346: 3322:online games 3277: 3251: 3239: 3231: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3184:JFK Reloaded 3182: 3175: 3170:The Guy Game 3168: 3161: 3149: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3052:. Retrieved 3048: 3039: 3029:November 30, 3027:. Retrieved 3023: 3013: 3003:November 30, 3001:. Retrieved 2997: 2987: 2977:November 30, 2975:. Retrieved 2971: 2962: 2952:November 30, 2950:. Retrieved 2946: 2920:November 16, 2918:. Retrieved 2895:November 16, 2893:. Retrieved 2869: 2823:November 14, 2821:. Retrieved 2817: 2807: 2798: 2738: 2729: 2697:. Retrieved 2693: 2684: 2672:. Retrieved 2668: 2659: 2647:. Retrieved 2642: 2633: 2621:. Retrieved 2616: 2607: 2595:. Retrieved 2591: 2582: 2570:. Retrieved 2566: 2556: 2544:. Retrieved 2540: 2515:. Retrieved 2511: 2501: 2489:. Retrieved 2485: 2475: 2463:. Retrieved 2458: 2449: 2437:. Retrieved 2432: 2423: 2411:. Retrieved 2407: 2376:. Retrieved 2372: 2362: 2341:cite journal 2322: 2310:. Retrieved 2306: 2297: 2285:. Retrieved 2281: 2271: 2262: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2201: 2191: 2181: 2172: 2163: 2154: 2130:. Retrieved 2126:the original 2115: 2103:. Retrieved 2099: 2089: 2077:. Retrieved 2073: 2063: 2051:. Retrieved 2046: 2037: 2025:. Retrieved 2021: 2011: 1999:. Retrieved 1995: 1986: 1974:. Retrieved 1970: 1960: 1948:. Retrieved 1944: 1934: 1922:. Retrieved 1918: 1908: 1894: 1880: 1871: 1862: 1851: 1842: 1832:December 24, 1830:. Retrieved 1824: 1814: 1802:. Retrieved 1796: 1786: 1774:. Retrieved 1768: 1758: 1746:. Retrieved 1742:the original 1727: 1715:. Retrieved 1696: 1684:. Retrieved 1665: 1653:. Retrieved 1634: 1622:. Retrieved 1603: 1591:. Retrieved 1572: 1560:. Retrieved 1556:the original 1541: 1529:. Retrieved 1510: 1498:. Retrieved 1494:the original 1479: 1467:. Retrieved 1433:December 20, 1431:. Retrieved 1427:the original 1413: 1401:. Retrieved 1397: 1387: 1378: 1338: 1331: 1319:. Retrieved 1312: 1303: 1291:. Retrieved 1285: 1275: 1263:. Retrieved 1259: 1249: 1237:. Retrieved 1228: 1212: 1200:. Retrieved 1195: 1161:. Retrieved 1157: 1148: 1136:. Retrieved 1132: 1122: 1103: 1093: 1073: 1066: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1021:Clash Royale 1019: 1017: 1005: 996: 981: 975: 971: 967:Lionel Messi 961: 958: 948: 940: 930: 925: 917: 915: 906: 901: 893: 886: 877: 869: 860: 852: 850: 839: 837: 826: 824: 811:free-to-play 807:mobile games 800: 791: 782: 763: 718: 713: 707: 703: 696: 693: 687: 681: 677: 671: 665: 662: 652:free-to-play 640: 624: 610: 588: 579:Dead Trigger 577: 574:Free-to-play 572: 563: 554: 547: 537: 522: 506: 502:Apex Legends 500: 495: 493: 470: 463:Live-service 460: 452: 441: 435: 428: 418: 408: 402: 395: 389: 383: 377: 369: 365: 363: 334: 328: 322: 318: 314: 299: 273: 272: 252: 248: 244: 239: 233: 219: 217: 210: 209:(2004), and 204: 198: 192: 189:free-to-play 166: 160: 132: 121: 110: 94:free-to-play 77: 73: 72: 57: 48: 41:Please help 33: 3789:Battle pass 3784:Season pass 3751:Pay-to-play 3716:Buy-to-play 3436:Review bomb 3424:VR sickness 3392:Form of art 3163:Islamic Fun 2799:Parent Zone 2699:November 5, 2674:November 5, 2649:November 5, 2572:November 5, 2546:November 5, 2517:November 5, 2491:November 3, 2465:November 3, 2439:November 3, 2413:November 3, 2378:November 3, 2312:November 3, 2287:November 3, 2105:November 3, 2079:November 3, 2053:October 17, 2027:October 17, 2001:October 17, 1976:November 4, 1950:November 4, 1924:November 4, 1804:October 11, 1776:October 11, 1403:October 17, 1309:"Quiz Quiz" 1287:VentureBeat 1202:November 6, 1163:January 14, 1133:Marketwatch 1052:Pay to play 1033:Game of War 857:battle pass 840:Parent Zone 827:Parent Zone 751:Connecticut 734:Josh Hawley 670:(2017) and 560:Peter Moore 423:(2012) and 350:Peter Moore 269:2.50 price. 253:Second Life 249:Second Life 245:Second Life 240:Habbo Hotel 235:Second Life 221:Habbo Hotel 3842:Categories 3762:Approaches 3552:Loot boxes 3370:Censorship 3226:No Russian 3177:Hot Coffee 3151:Night Trap 3130:Death Race 2968:"Strategy" 1919:gamesradar 1058:References 834:Statistics 797:Psychology 766:Parliament 645:pay-to-win 595:bill shock 513:camouflage 467:Epic Games 449:Madden NFL 397:The Sims 4 391:The Sims 3 385:The Sims 2 358:dashboards 292:US dollars 230:Linden Lab 200:MapleStory 187:'s online 151:app stores 135:psychology 123:Loot boxes 117:pay-to-win 98:mobile app 3741:Shareware 3414:addiction 3291:Gamergate 2801:(Report). 2592:USA TODAY 2408:Eurogamer 2373:Eurogamer 2132:August 5, 2100:Eurogamer 2022:TweakTown 1971:Eurogamer 1707:Gamasutra 1614:Gamasutra 1344:MIT Press 1239:March 10, 955:Financial 945:YouTubers 889:addictive 809:and the " 755:Ed Markey 729:Chris Lee 678:Overwatch 626:Overwatch 533:mechanics 425:Supercell 410:FarmVille 341:Xbox Live 177:power-ups 3769:Loot box 3731:Freeware 3726:Freemium 3578:Lawsuits 3475:Violence 3468:Shotacon 3448:Religion 3334:Swatting 3054:April 9, 3024:GamesPot 2192:PC Gamer 2173:GameSpot 2074:Deummies 1826:PC Gamer 1798:US Gamer 1748:June 27, 1711:Archived 1680:Archived 1676:GameSpot 1649:Archived 1645:GameSpot 1618:Archived 1587:Archived 1583:GameSpot 1525:Archived 1521:GameSpot 1500:June 27, 1463:Archived 1459:GameSpot 1138:July 11, 1046:See also 926:Fortnite 922:classism 918:Fortnite 898:football 873:paywalls 861:Fortnite 853:Fortnite 845:Internet 772:and the 738:Missouri 721:consoles 634:gambling 621:Blizzard 526:company 496:Fortnite 483:and the 472:Fortnite 413:(2009), 405:Facebook 370:Oblivion 366:Oblivion 345:GameSpot 319:Oblivion 315:Oblivion 300:Oblivion 215:(2004). 206:Mabinogi 203:(2003), 194:QuizQuiz 128:gambling 113:freemium 3736:Premium 3463:Lolicon 3317:esports 3212:RapeLay 2818:Polygon 2623:May 10, 2597:May 10, 2541:Polygon 2512:Polygon 2333:3309612 2282:Polygon 2155:Re/code 1945:Polygon 1853:Polygon 1717:July 6, 1686:July 6, 1655:July 6, 1624:July 6, 1593:July 6, 1562:July 6, 1552:1UP.com 1531:July 6, 1469:July 6, 1321:May 14, 1293:May 14, 1265:May 15, 1014:Revenue 976:In the 937:YouTube 673:FIFA 18 568:BioWare 540:Android 443:FIFA 09 296:barding 157:History 3485:Sexism 3242:ending 2947:Forbes 2331: 1770:Kotaku 1350: 1317:. 2011 1110: 1081: 1030:, and 1002:Ethics 883:Social 725:Hawaii 680:, and 528:Flurry 519:Impact 373:'s 298:) for 228:, and 226:Sulake 147:Google 3777:games 3775:Gacha 3699:Types 3496:Legal 3480:Women 3458:Eroge 2866:(PDF) 2795:(PDF) 2748:(PDF) 2726:(PDF) 2259:(PDF) 2226:ZDNet 2047:VG247 1375:(PDF) 933:media 864:' 700:' 303:' 256:' 185:Nexon 143:Apple 106:Steam 102:Valve 88:with 3441:List 3431:Race 3157:Jynx 3056:2022 3031:2017 3005:2017 2979:2017 2954:2017 2922:2019 2897:2019 2825:2019 2701:2019 2676:2019 2651:2019 2625:2019 2599:2019 2574:2019 2548:2019 2519:2019 2493:2019 2467:2019 2441:2019 2415:2019 2380:2019 2354:help 2329:SSRN 2314:2019 2289:2019 2134:2011 2107:2021 2081:2021 2055:2019 2029:2019 2003:2019 1978:2021 1952:2021 1926:2021 1834:2019 1806:2017 1778:2017 1750:2007 1719:2007 1688:2007 1657:2007 1626:2007 1595:2007 1564:2007 1533:2007 1502:2007 1471:2007 1435:2006 1405:2019 1348:ISBN 1323:2020 1295:2020 1267:2020 1241:2015 1221:CNET 1204:2019 1165:2016 1140:2019 1108:ISBN 1079:ISBN 993:Data 982:FIFA 941:FIFA 931:The 894:FIFA 753:and 714:FIFA 704:FIFA 697:FIFA 641:FIFA 542:and 333:and 311:US$ 267:US$ 145:and 1872:IGN 768:'s 757:of 749:of 736:of 597:". 544:iOS 505:or 479:'s 469:'s 427:'s 417:'s 407:'s 104:'s 78:mtx 3844:: 3047:. 3022:. 2996:. 2970:. 2945:. 2941:. 2930:^ 2905:^ 2878:^ 2868:. 2833:^ 2816:. 2797:. 2756:^ 2728:. 2709:^ 2692:. 2667:. 2641:. 2615:. 2590:. 2565:. 2539:. 2527:^ 2510:. 2484:. 2457:. 2431:. 2406:. 2388:^ 2371:. 2345:: 2343:}} 2339:{{ 2305:. 2280:. 2261:. 2246:^ 2224:. 2190:. 2171:. 2153:. 2142:^ 2098:. 2072:. 2045:. 2020:. 1994:. 1969:. 1943:. 1917:. 1870:. 1850:. 1823:. 1795:. 1767:. 1736:. 1709:. 1705:. 1678:. 1674:. 1647:. 1643:. 1616:. 1612:. 1585:. 1581:. 1550:. 1523:. 1519:. 1488:. 1461:. 1457:. 1443:^ 1421:. 1396:. 1377:. 1362:^ 1342:. 1311:. 1284:. 1258:. 1219:. 1194:. 1173:^ 1156:. 1131:. 1024:, 1008:EU 969:. 761:. 676:, 552:. 153:. 3653:e 3646:t 3639:v 3228:" 3224:" 3089:e 3082:t 3075:v 3058:. 3033:. 3007:. 2981:. 2956:. 2924:. 2899:. 2872:. 2827:. 2750:. 2732:. 2703:. 2678:. 2653:. 2627:. 2601:. 2576:. 2550:. 2521:. 2495:. 2469:. 2443:. 2417:. 2382:. 2356:) 2352:( 2335:. 2316:. 2291:. 2265:. 2228:. 2194:. 2175:. 2136:. 2109:. 2083:. 2057:. 2031:. 2005:. 1980:. 1954:. 1928:. 1888:. 1836:. 1808:. 1780:. 1752:. 1721:. 1690:. 1659:. 1628:. 1597:. 1566:. 1535:. 1504:. 1473:. 1437:. 1407:. 1381:. 1356:. 1325:. 1297:. 1269:. 1243:. 1206:. 1167:. 1142:. 1116:. 1087:. 76:( 64:) 58:( 53:) 49:( 45:. 39:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index