1116:
and Tuvalu signed on 9 September 2010. Australia signed on 4 February 2011. Sharks were already protected in
Australian waters, but the government intends to work closely to distribute more information to other signatories. Chile signed on 6 May 2011. South Africa signed on 12 May 2011. In November 2011, the European Union signed on to the MOU along with the European nations of Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Monaco, Netherlands, and Romania. The United Kingdom signed in June 2012. Bermuda, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Indian Ocean Territory, and the Isle of Man, all dependencies of the United Kingdom, also signed the agreement. Vanuatu signed in February 2013. On 16 October 2013, Colombia became the 27th country to the sign the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks. Sweden and Samoa signed the UNEP/CMS Sharks MOU respectively on 5 November 2014 in Quito and 7 November in Apia.
1125:
1086:
1154:, 15–19 February 2016. Signatory States agreed to add 22 further shark and ray species to its Annex I, defined the Advisory Committee's tasks as requested by the revised EU amendment to the MOU, and created the Conservation Working Group, which comprises a list of experts concerned with shark conservation. Furthermore, the Secretariat highlighted the importance of a cooperation strategy with Regional Seas Conventions (RSCs), Regional Fishing Management Organizations (RFMOs) and other fisheries-related organizations in order to efficiently conserve sharks, fins and rays. Moreover, Portugal was welcomed as fortieth member of the Sharks MOU.
174:
83:
642:
200:
96:
655:
460:
421:
668:
616:
551:
512:
434:
161:
2661:
382:
369:
187:
564:
473:
148:
681:
538:
525:
486:
343:
226:
213:
629:
395:
317:
291:
252:
694:
603:
577:
499:
447:
408:
356:
330:
278:
239:
135:
109:
265:
590:
122:
304:
796:
1112:
migratory sharks, or a State, flag vessels of which are engaged outside its national jurisdictional limits in taking, or which have the potential to take, migratory sharks. As the CMS Sharks MOU was concluded as a legally non-binding agreement, a formal ratification process on the national level is not necessary.
1147:, 24–27 September 2012. At the meeting, Signatory States adopted a new conservation plan, which aims to catalyze regional initiatives to reduce threats to migratory sharks. Signatory States also agreed to involve fishing industry representatives, NGOs, and scientists in implementing the conservation plan.
773:
The MOU is aimed at facilitating international coordination for the protection, conservation and management of the sharks involved, through multilateral, intergovernmental discussion and scientific research. It is a global non-binding treaty aimed at improving "compliance and enforcement efforts" for
749:
considers one-third of all shark species as threatened or near threatened. For migratory sharks the situation is worse, with almost 50% being considered as threatened and 27% being considered as near threatened. Relatively little is known about the behavior of migratory sharks; researchers have been
1115:
About 40 national governments agreed to the original adoption of the MoU. Eleven of these signed it on 12 February 2010, although only 10 were needed. The original signatories were Congo, Costa Rica, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Palau, the
Philippines, Senegal, Togo, and the United States. Nauru
1173:
A Conservation Plan has been adopted by the
Signatories in 2012 whose implementation forms the basis of the ongoing work under the MOU. A favourable conservation status is achieved when the abundance and structure of populations of migratory sharks remains at levels adequate to maintain ecosystem
753:
Before the
Migratory Shark MOU was developed, there were no international standards for the management of migratory sharks. Sharks that migrate can travel great distances in the world's oceans, with the whale shark being recorded on journeys of up to 22,000 kilometres (14,000 mi) long. These
1111:
This
Memorandum of Understanding is open for signature by the Range States and regional economic integration organizations of the shark species listed in Annex 1 of this Memorandum of Understanding. Range States are defined as any State that exercises jurisdiction over any part of the range of
785:
The objective of this
Memorandum of Understanding is to achieve and maintain a favourable conservation status for migratory sharks based on the best available scientific information, taking into account the socio-economic and other values of these species for the people of the Signatory
1164:
Meetings of
Signatories are organized regularly to review the conservation status of the species and the implementation of the MOU and Action Plan. At the meetings there is also a possibility for further States and cooperating organizations to sign the MOU.
1140:, meeting the required amount of 10 signatures, and taking effect immediately for each signatory. It has been adopted by over 48 States in total. The original text is written in English, French, and Spanish, and its creation was chaired by the Philippines.
1194:
It requires the cooperation among governments, fishing industries, NGOs, local communities and scientists. An
Advisory Committee has been established to provide expert advice and suggestions on new initiatives for the implementation of the plan.
2685:
741:, meaning that they are at the top of their food chain and play a crucial role in maintaining the health of marine environments. Sharks whose members cyclically and predictably move large distances are considered migratory and many
811:, which cover sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras. Currently there are 29 species listed in Annex I of the MOU, although the annex may be edited following consensus obtained at a meeting of the memorandum's signatories.
722:
1976:
1224:
2740:
1785:
1836:
1124:
2084:
1281:
37:
2079:
2725:
1691:
2700:
2481:
2313:
2531:
2649:
2583:
1445:
2825:
2511:
2830:
1419:
1829:
1233:
2795:
2785:
2695:
2566:
2303:
1348:
2810:
2578:
1956:
1328:
1085:
2840:
2705:
2546:
2072:
1822:
1643:
1184:
Ensuring to the extent practicable the protection of critical habitats and migratory corridors and critical life stages of sharks
1187:
Increasing public awareness of threats to sharks and their habitats, and enhance public participation in conservation activities
2730:
2621:
2413:
2352:
1906:
2710:
2330:
2012:
1896:
1856:
721:
is an international instrument for the conservation of migratory species of sharks. It was founded under the auspices of the
1278:
36:
2664:
2403:
2238:
2062:
2042:
1764:"Sharks MOS3 - 3rd Meeting of the Signatories to the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks"
1742:"2nd Meeting of the Signatories to the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks (Sharks MOS2)"
2835:
2805:
2800:
2770:
2745:
2735:
2715:
2626:
2369:
2164:
2159:
2037:
2220:
1496:
765:
The
Migratory Shark MOU was the first global instrument published by the CMS, and the first one ever regarding sharks.
2820:
2775:
2755:
2690:
2644:
2551:
2536:
2335:
2149:
2052:
1946:
1596:
1133:
750:
surprised by data on their migrations. Knowledge of 47% of sharks is too limited to determine a conservation status.
1713:
2790:
2780:
2765:
2760:
2750:
2720:
2486:
2094:
1886:
1174:
integrity. The
Conservation Plan, listed in Annex 3 of the MOU, is based on five objectives to achieve this goal:
1618:
1257:
2815:
2526:
2506:
2491:
2461:
2357:
1178:
Improving the understanding of migratory shark populations through research, monitoring and information exchange
2654:
2571:
2541:
2521:
2129:
2047:
2032:
2022:
1997:
1992:
856:
2496:
2398:
2345:
2104:
2027:
1151:
759:
2561:
2556:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2456:
2438:
2423:
2277:
1936:
928:
865:
847:
2516:
2501:
2322:
2243:
2215:
2210:
2169:
2139:
2134:
2099:
2017:
1961:
1901:
1891:
1449:
1369:
829:
179:
754:
extensive migrations frequently and inevitably involve the crossing of national boundaries and through
2611:
2601:
2408:
2205:
2154:
2144:
2109:
2007:
2002:
1966:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1866:
1845:
1669:
1384:
775:
755:
647:
1481:
2418:
2393:
2386:
2308:
2230:
1951:
1941:
1911:
1423:
2374:
2248:
2179:
1971:
1402:
1303:
982:
874:
2631:
2340:
2298:
2184:
2067:
1072:
1018:
991:
883:
820:
800:
1549:
774:
states whose waters are inhabited by these sharks and to states whose flagships pass through
2362:
2057:
1881:
1392:
1311:
1157:
From 10 to 14 December 2018, the Third Meeting of Signatories to the Sharks MOU was held in
1104:
The MOU is a legally non-binding agreement that currently has 48 Signatories, including the
1063:
1000:
937:
838:
778:
inhabited by these sharks. Signatories to this treaty intend to expand information sharing.
738:
1354:
2089:
1285:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1009:
973:
946:
919:
1388:
2119:
1105:
1054:
964:
808:
734:
660:
257:
1652:
2679:
2616:
2606:
2379:
2270:
2258:
2253:
1482:"Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks – Official text"
1204:
1144:
955:
910:
892:
673:
1574:
17:
2293:
1876:
1406:
1128:
First Meeting of Signatories to the Sharks MoU, Bonn, Germany, 24–27 September 2012
556:
517:
1645:
Summary Sheet: Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks
1497:"Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks – Fact Sheet"
1330:
UN wildlife conference enhances intergovernmental cooperation to safeguard sharks
901:
465:
439:
426:
205:
59:
1397:
387:
374:
192:
1370:"Longest recorded trans-Pacific migration of a whale shark (Rhincodon typus)"
2433:
2265:
1181:
Ensuring that directed and non-directed fisheries for sharks are sustainable
569:
88:
1814:
1315:
2189:
1916:
1692:"Colombia firma compromiso de protecciĂłn de cuatro especies de tiburones"
478:
153:
795:
1741:
742:
686:
543:
530:
491:
348:
270:
231:
218:
166:
101:
1744:. International Institute for Sustainable Development. 4 November 1999
2174:
1763:
1523:"Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks"
1158:
1137:
634:
595:
400:
322:
296:
127:
55:
807:
For the purpose of the MOU, sharks include all species in the class
2686:
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
723:
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
719:
Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks
30:
Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks
794:
699:
608:
582:
504:
452:
413:
361:
335:
309:
283:
244:
140:
114:
1599:. International Institute for Sustainable Development. 6 May 2011
1804:
1223:
Griffin, E; Miller, K L; Feritas, B; Hirshfield, M (July 2008),
1150:
The Second Meeting of Signatories to the Sharks MOU was held in
746:
621:
1818:
1143:
The First Meeting of Signatories to the Sharks MOU was held in
758:; as the national regulations of coastal nations only apply to
1260:. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 25 June 2009
762:, large parts of these journeys are consequently unregulated.
1333:(press release), UN Environmental Programme, 12 February 2010
1136:(MOU) was signed into effect on 1 March 2010, in the city of
1809:
1368:
Guzman, H; Gomez, C; Hearn, A; Eckert, S (19 April 2018),
1190:
Enhancing national, regional and international cooperation
1670:"The UK takes another step to protect endangered sharks"
1522:
745:(open ocean) shark species fall into this category. The
1258:"Third of open ocean sharks threatened with extinction"
1108:. The MOU goes into immediate effect for signatories.
1070:
Northern hemisphere populations of the Spiny Dogfish (
2594:
2449:
2286:
2229:
2198:
2118:
1985:
1865:
1672:. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
707:
73:
65:
51:
43:
1132:After two initial meetings in 2007 and 2008, the
2085:Other effective area-based conservation measures
1597:"Chile Becomes 15th Signatory to CMS Sharks MOU"
2080:Integrated Conservation and Development Project
1448:. United Nations. 18 March 2011. Archived from
783:
760:200 nautical miles (370 km) of their coastlines
1621:. Convention on Migratory Species. 12 May 2011
1830:
1714:"New Signatories to the Migratory Sharks MOU"
1548:U.S. Department of State (19 February 2010).
1350:Migratory sharks need global protection: U.N.
803:is one of the 29 species covered by this MOU.
8:
1543:
1541:
1539:
29:
2741:Treaties entered into by the European Union
1279:"Review of Migratory Chondrichthyan Fishes"
1837:
1823:
1815:
1638:
1636:
725:(CMS; also known as the Bonn Convention).
35:
28:
1550:"Global Conservation of Migratory Sharks"
1396:
1422:. Shark Specialist Group. Archived from
1123:
1084:
1786:"Annex 3 to the MoU: CONSERVATION PLAN"
1342:
1340:
1215:
1569:
1567:
1516:
1514:
1491:
1489:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
2726:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
1446:"Australia Signs CMS Shark Agreement"
7:
1347:Caitlin Howlett (16 February 2010),
2701:Treaties entered into force in 2010
25:
1957:Conservation biology of parasites
1651:, 1 December 2011, archived from
1577:. Convention on Migratory Species
1420:"Convention on Migratory Species"
2660:
2659:
2073:Tropical rainforest conservation
1977:Vulnerability and susceptibility
1304:"Basking sharks run for the sun"
692:
679:
666:
653:
640:
627:
614:
601:
588:
575:
562:
549:
536:
523:
510:
497:
484:
471:
458:
445:
432:
419:
406:
393:
380:
367:
354:
341:
328:
315:
302:
289:
276:
263:
250:
237:
224:
211:
198:
185:
172:
159:
146:
133:
120:
107:
94:
81:
2622:NatureServe conservation status
1907:Conservation-induced extinction
1619:"South Africa Signs Sharks MOU"
1552:(press release). Washington, DC
1353:, Cosmos Online, archived from
2826:Treaties of the United Kingdom
2013:Conservation management system
1897:Conservation-dependent species
1857:Index of conservation articles
1099: Subsequent signatorieses
1:
2831:Treaties of the United States
2239:Assisted natural regeneration
2043:Ecoregion conservation status
1302:Daniel Cressey (7 May 2009),
2627:Special Area of Conservation
2165:Landscape-scale conservation
2160:High conservation value area
2038:Community-based conservation
1052:Scalloped hammerhead shark (
2796:Treaties of the Philippines
2786:Treaties of the Netherlands
2645:List of conservation issues
2053:Evidence-based conservation
1947:Mutualisms and conservation
1810:IUCN Shark Specialist Group
1377:Marine Biodiversity Records
1134:Memorandum of Understanding
711:English, French and Spanish
2857:
2696:Treaties concluded in 2010
2095:Roadless area conservation
1887:Compassionate conservation
1290:CMS Technical Series No.15
1093: Original signatories
980:Lesser Guinean Devil Ray (
2640:
1852:
1398:10.1186/s41200-018-0143-4
34:
2811:Treaties of South Africa
2482:Central African Republic
2130:Conservation designation
2048:Environmental protection
2033:Conspicuous conservation
2023:Conservation photography
1998:Conservation development
1993:Conservation agriculture
1232:, Oceana, archived from
1061:Great hammerhead shark (
857:Carcharhinus falciformis
818:Pelagic Thresher Shark (
674:United States of America
2841:2010 in the Philippines
2706:2010 in the environment
2221:Human–wildlife conflict
2105:Site-based conservation
2028:Conservation psychology
1846:Conservation of species
781:The memorandum states:
2731:Treaties of Costa Rica
2278:Species reintroduction
1937:Latent extinction risk
1129:
1101:
929:Mobula eregoodootenkee
866:Carcharodon carcharias
848:Anoxypristis cuspidata
836:Common Thresher Shark(
827:Bigeye Tresher Shark (
804:
788:
2711:Treaties of Australia
2650:List of organisations
2304:Hawaiian honeycreeper
2244:Ecosystem restoration
2216:Habitat fragmentation
2211:Fortress conservation
2170:Marine protected area
2140:Conservation easement
2135:Conservation district
2100:Roadside conservation
2018:Conservation movement
1962:Species translocation
1902:Conservation genetics
1892:Conservation behavior
1316:10.1038/news.2009.452
1284:21 April 2013 at the
1127:
1088:
881:Shortfin Mako Shark (
830:Alopias superciliosus
798:
2612:Planetary boundaries
2602:Conservation officer
2206:Conservation refugee
2155:Habitat conservation
2145:Conservation reserve
2110:Wetland conservation
2008:Conservation grazing
2003:Conservation finance
1967:Conservation welfare
1932:In-situ conservation
1927:Extinction threshold
1922:Ex-situ conservation
1499:. Environment.gov.au
1152:San José, Costa Rica
1025:Largetooth Sawfish (
1016:Smalltooth Sawfish (
953:Shortfin Devil Ray (
890:Longfin Mako Shark (
776:international waters
756:international waters
648:United Arab Emirates
609:Syrian Arab Republic
18:Migratory Sharks MoU
2836:Treaties of Vanuatu
2806:Treaties of Senegal
2801:Treaties of Romania
2771:Treaties of Liberia
2746:Treaties of Germany
2736:Treaties of Denmark
2716:Treaties of Belgium
1952:Nature conservation
1942:Marine conservation
1912:Conservation status
1389:2018MBdR...11....8G
998:Bentfin Devil Ray (
989:Chilean Devil Ray (
863:Great White Shark (
31:
2821:Treaties of Tuvalu
2776:Treaties of Monaco
2756:Treaties of Guinea
2691:Shark conservation
2249:Island restoration
2180:Open space reserve
1972:Threatened species
1791:. CMS Sharks Team.
1694:. ElEspectador.com
1658:on 17 October 2013
1379:(research paper),
1130:
1102:
983:Mobula rochebrunei
971:Munk's Devil Ray (
944:Spinetail Mobula (
935:Lesser Devil Ray (
875:Cetorhinus maximus
814:Currently listed:
805:
2791:Treaties of Palau
2781:Treaties of Nauru
2766:Treaties of Kenya
2761:Treaties of Italy
2751:Treaties of Ghana
2721:Treaties of Chile
2673:
2672:
2632:Soil conservation
2185:Wildlife corridor
2068:Forest protection
2063:Forest management
1521:CMS Sharks Team.
1226:Predators as Prey
1169:Conservation Plan
1073:Squalus acanthias
1019:Pristis pectinata
992:Mobula tarapacana
962:Giant Devil Ray (
926:Pygmy Manta Ray (
884:Isurus oxyrinchus
821:Alopias pelagicus
801:great white shark
715:
714:
16:(Redirected from
2848:
2816:Treaties of Togo
2663:
2662:
2547:Papua New Guinea
2439:Cryopreservation
2404:Gray nurse shark
2058:Flagship species
1882:Captive breeding
1839:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1805:Official website
1793:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:on 20 April 2012
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1357:on 31 March 2012
1344:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1299:
1293:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1239:on 17 April 2012
1238:
1231:
1220:
1098:
1092:
1064:Sphyrna mokarran
1001:Mobula thurstoni
938:Mobula hypostoma
908:Reef Manta Ray (
845:Narrow Sawfish (
839:Alopias vulpinus
739:keystone species
733:Many sharks are
698:
696:
695:
685:
683:
682:
672:
670:
669:
659:
657:
656:
646:
644:
643:
633:
631:
630:
620:
618:
617:
607:
605:
604:
594:
592:
591:
581:
579:
578:
568:
566:
565:
555:
553:
552:
542:
540:
539:
529:
527:
526:
516:
514:
513:
503:
501:
500:
490:
488:
487:
477:
475:
474:
464:
462:
461:
451:
449:
448:
438:
436:
435:
425:
423:
422:
412:
410:
409:
399:
397:
396:
386:
384:
383:
373:
371:
370:
360:
358:
357:
347:
345:
344:
334:
332:
331:
321:
319:
318:
308:
306:
305:
295:
293:
292:
282:
280:
279:
269:
267:
266:
256:
254:
253:
243:
241:
240:
230:
228:
227:
217:
215:
214:
204:
202:
201:
191:
189:
188:
178:
176:
175:
165:
163:
162:
152:
150:
149:
139:
137:
136:
126:
124:
123:
113:
111:
110:
100:
98:
97:
87:
85:
84:
39:
32:
21:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2636:
2590:
2445:
2363:Indian elephant
2282:
2225:
2194:
2190:30 by 30 target
2121:
2114:
2090:Riparian buffer
1981:
1868:
1861:
1848:
1843:
1801:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1465:
1455:
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854:Silky Shark (
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206:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
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38:
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27:
19:
2380:Bengal Tiger
2336:Arabian oryx
2327:Land mammal
2314:Golden eagle
2150:Gap analysis
1877:Biodiversity
1867:Conservation
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1766:. Sharks MOU
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:
1708:
1696:. Retrieved
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1664:
1653:the original
1644:
1623:. Retrieved
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1554:. Retrieved
1526:. Retrieved
1501:. Retrieved
1454:. Retrieved
1450:the original
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:the original
1414:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1355:the original
1349:
1329:
1323:
1307:
1297:
1289:
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1252:
1241:, retrieved
1234:the original
1225:
1218:
1193:
1172:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1131:
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1071:
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873:
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828:
819:
813:
806:
784:
780:
772:
764:
752:
732:
718:
716:
557:South Africa
518:Saudi Arabia
69:1 March 2010
47:1 March 2010
26:
2552:South Sudan
2537:New Zealand
2231:Restoration
1726:28 November
1528:25 February
1081:Signatories
917:Manta Ray (
902:Lamna nasus
899:Porbeagle (
466:Philippines
440:New Zealand
427:Netherlands
74:Signatories
60:Philippines
2680:Categories
2487:Costa Rica
2450:By country
2370:Slow loris
2346:Polar bear
2199:Key issues
1986:Approaches
1698:16 October
1211:References
769:Objectives
729:Background
388:Mauritania
375:Madagascar
193:Costa Rica
2527:Mauritius
2507:Indonesia
2492:Hong Kong
2462:Australia
2434:Seed bank
2424:Sea otter
2294:Arthropod
2266:Rewilding
2120:Protected
1676:16 August
708:Languages
570:Sri Lanka
89:Australia
66:Effective
2665:Category
2572:Scotland
2542:Pakistan
2522:Malaysia
2358:Elephant
2287:By taxon
1917:Endemism
1770:9 August
1748:9 August
1575:"Sharks"
1383:(1): 8,
1282:Archived
1199:See also
1120:Meetings
479:Portugal
154:Colombia
52:Location
2595:Related
2584:forests
2532:Namibia
2512:Ireland
2497:Iceland
2409:Manatee
2399:Dolphin
2353:Cheetah
1869:biology
1721:CMS.int
1625:1 March
1603:1 March
1581:1 March
1556:1 March
1503:1 March
1456:1 March
1430:1 March
1407:5036295
1385:Bibcode
1264:1 March
1243:1 March
791:Species
786:States.
743:pelagic
687:Vanuatu
544:Somalia
531:Senegal
492:Romania
349:Liberia
271:Germany
232:Ecuador
219:Denmark
167:Comoros
102:Belgium
2562:Uganda
2557:Sweden
2477:Canada
2472:Brazil
2467:Belize
2457:Angola
2430:Plant
2419:Salmon
2394:Marine
2309:Raptor
2271:marine
2175:Marxan
1405:
1308:Nature
1292:, 2007
1159:Monaco
1138:Manila
1097:
1091:
697:
684:
671:
658:
645:
635:Tuvalu
632:
619:
606:
596:Sweden
593:
580:
567:
554:
541:
528:
515:
502:
489:
476:
463:
450:
437:
424:
411:
401:Monaco
398:
385:
372:
359:
346:
333:
323:Jordan
320:
307:
297:Guinea
294:
281:
268:
255:
242:
229:
216:
203:
190:
177:
164:
151:
138:
128:Brazil
125:
112:
99:
86:
56:Manila
44:Signed
2517:Italy
2502:India
2375:Tiger
2323:Fungi
2122:areas
1789:(PDF)
1717:(PDF)
1656:(PDF)
1649:(PDF)
1403:S2CID
1373:(PDF)
1237:(PDF)
1230:(PDF)
700:Yemen
583:Sudan
505:Samoa
453:Palau
414:Nauru
362:Libya
336:Kenya
310:Italy
284:Ghana
245:Egypt
180:Congo
141:Chile
115:Benin
2387:Wolf
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1772:2018
1750:2018
1728:2014
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1678:2012
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1530:2013
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799:The
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737:and
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