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Halsall and Noble have argued that such changes stemmed from the breakdown in Roman political control, which exposed the weakness of local Roman rule. Instead of large-scale migrations, there were military takeovers by small groups of warriors and their families, who usually numbered only in the tens
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Ironically, they lost their unique identity as a result of such an accommodation and were absorbed into
Latinhood. In contrast, in the east, Slavic tribes maintained a more "spartan and egalitarian" existence bound to the land "even in times when they took their part in plundering Roman provinces".
332:
The migrants comprised war bands or tribes of 10,000 to 20,000 people. Immigration was common throughout the time of the Roman Empire, but over the course of 100 years, the migrants numbered not more than 750,000 in total, compared to an average 40 million population of the Roman Empire at that
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causing a "domino effect" of tribes being forced westward, leading to the Huns falling upon the Goths who, in turn, pushed other
Germanic tribes before them. In general, French and Italian scholars have tended to view this as a catastrophic event, the destruction of a civilization and the beginning
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may illustrate such course of events, but it misleads. Unfolded over long periods of time, the changes of position that took place were necessarily irregular ... (with) periods of emphatic discontinuity. For decades and possibly centuries, the tradition bearers idled, and the tradition itself
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has seen the barbarian movement as the result of the fall of the Roman Empire, not its cause. Archaeological discoveries have confirmed that
Germanic and Slavic tribes were settled agriculturalists who were probably merely "drawn into the politics of an empire already falling apart for quite a few
878:
Croats settled in modern
Croatia and Western Bosnia, bringing with them the Serbs who settled in Rascia, an area around Montenegro - South-West Serbia. By the mid seventh century, Serb tribes were invading northern Albania. By the ninth century, the central Balkans (corresponding to modern Kosovo,
2199:, p. 120) "he archaeological evidence of late fourth- and fifth-century barbarian graves between the Rhine and Loire suggests that a process of small-scale cultural and demographic change took place on both sides of the Roman frontier. Can we envisage Roman-Slavic relations in a similar way?"
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The role of language in constructing and maintaining group identity can be ephemeral since large-scale language shifts occur commonly in history. Modernists propose the idea of "imagined communities"; the barbarian polities in late antiquity were social constructs rather than unchanging lines of
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were an organic whole, with a core identity and spirit evident in art, literature and language. These characteristics were seen as intrinsic, unaffected by external influences, even conquest. Language, in particular, was seen as the most important expression of ethnicity. They argued that groups
1146:("kernel of tradition"), who were a military or aristocratic elite. This core group formed a standard for larger units, gathering adherents by employing amalgamative metaphors such as kinship and aboriginal commonality and claiming that they perpetuated an ancient, divinely-sanctioned lineage.
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There are contradictory opinions as to whether the fall of the
Western Roman Empire was a result of an increase in migrations, or if both the breakdown of central power and the increased importance of non-Romans created additional internal factors. Migrations, and the use of non-Romans in the
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doctrine and marginalized the discussion of ethnicity altogether and focused on the intragroup dynamics that generated such material remains. Moreover, they argued that adoption of new cultures could occur through trade or internal political developments rather than only military takeovers.
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The rural population in Roman provinces became distanced from the metropolis, and there was little to differentiate them from other peasants across the Roman frontier. In addition, Rome increasingly used foreign mercenaries to defend itself. That "barbarisation" parallelled changes within
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For example, the Roman Empire played a vital role in building up barbarian groups along its frontier. Propped up with imperial support and gifts, the armies of allied barbarian chieftains served as buffers against other, hostile, barbarian groups. The disintegration of Roman
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From the 1960s, a reinterpretation of archaeological and historical evidence prompted scholars, such as
Goffart and Todd, to propose new models for explaining the construction of barbarian identity. They maintained that no sense of shared identity was perceived by the
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and Europe as a whole. The period is traditionally taken to have begun in AD 375 (possibly as early as 300) and ended in 568. Various factors contributed to this phenomenon of migration and invasion, and their role and significance are still widely discussed.
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of a "Dark Age" that set Europe back a millennium. In contrast, German and
English historians have tended to see Roman–Barbarian interaction as the replacement of a "tired, effete and decadent Mediterranean civilization" with a "more virile, martial, Nordic one".
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The collapse of centralized control severely weakened the sense of Roman identity in the provinces, which may explain why the provinces then underwent dramatic cultural changes even though few barbarians settled in them. Ultimately, the
Germanic groups in the
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1911:(Oxford, 1966) pp. 6ff., coined the term to separate these thinkers from those who view ethnicity as a situational construct, the product of history, rather than a cause, influenced by a variety of political, economic and cultural factors.
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caused significant changes within the Roman Empire in both its western and its eastern portions. In particular, economic fragmentation removed many of the political, cultural and economic forces that had held the empire together.
73:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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The first wave of invasions, between AD 300 and 500, is partly documented by Greek and Latin historians but is difficult to verify archaeologically. It puts
Germanic peoples in control of most areas of what was then the
274:
Historians differ as to the dates for the beginning and ending of the
Migration Period. The beginning of the period is widely regarded as the invasion of Europe by the Huns from Asia in about 375 and the ending with the
1291:, the Roman practice of quartering soldiers among the civilian population. The Romans, by granting land and the right to levy taxes to allied (Germanic) armies, hoped to reduce the financial burdens of the empire. The
1304:. To this end, noted linguist Dennis Howard Green wrote, "the first centuries of our era witness not merely a progressive Romanisation of barbarian society, but also an undeniable barbarisation of the Roman world."
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Between AD 500 and 700, Slavic tribes settled more areas of central Europe and pushed farther into southern and eastern Europe, gradually making the eastern half of Europe predominantly Slavic. Additionally,
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Their organizational models were not Roman, and their leaders were not normally dependent on Roman gold for success. Thus they arguably had a greater effect on their region than the Goths, the Franks or the
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is a German word, borrowed from German historiography, that refers to the early migrations of the Germanic peoples. In a broader sense it can mean the mass migration of whole tribes or ethnic groups.
493:(AD 56–117) and Julius Caesar (100–44 BC). A later wave of Germanic tribes migrated eastward and southward from Scandinavia, between 600 and 300 BC, to the opposite coast of the
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weakened groups that had come to depend on Roman gifts for the maintenance of their own power. The arrival of the Huns helped prompt many groups to invade the provinces for economic reasons.
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were pulled into the ensuing "power vacuum", resulting in conflict. In Hispania, local aristocrats maintained independent rule for some time, raising their own armies against the
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1368:. The ambitious fortification efforts collapsed, worsening the impoverished conditions of the local populace and resulting in colonization by Slavic warriors and their families.
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attempted to maintain control of the Balkan provinces despite a thinly-spread imperial army relying mainly on local militias and an extensive effort to refortify the Danubian
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were accommodated without "dispossessing or overturning indigenous society", and they maintained a structured and hierarchical (but attenuated) form of Roman administration.
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in 1453. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, although it involved the establishment of competing barbarian kingdoms, was to some extent managed by the Eastern emperors.
1410:(homeland) of tribal polities named in historical sources. As a consequence, the shifting extensions of material cultures were interpreted as the expansion of peoples.
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Friedrich, Matthias and Harland, James M., eds. (2020): Interrogating the "Germanic": A Category and its Use in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. De Gruyter.
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in 568, but a more loosely set period is from as early as 300 to as late as 800. For example, in the 4th century a very large group of Goths was settled as
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Kleineberg, A.; Marx, Chr.; Knobloch, E.; Lelgemann, D.: Germania und die Insel Thule. Die EntschlĂĽsselung von Ptolemaios' "Atlas der Oikumene". WBG 2010.
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Based on the belief that particular types of artifacts, elements of personal adornment generally found in a funerary context, are thought to indicate the
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whose leaders had been aligned with Rome since the 3rd century) entered Roman lands gradually during the 5th century, and after consolidating power under
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The Role of Migration in the History of the Eurasian Steppe: Sedentary Civilization vs. 'Barbarian' and Nomad (Role Migrant History Eurasian Step)
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Historians have postulated several explanations for the appearance of "barbarians" on the Roman frontier: climate change, weather and crops,
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rather than biological or racial distinctions. Indeed, on this basis, some schools of thought in recent scholarship urge that the concept of
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Wolfram Euler, Konrad Badenheuer; "Sprache und Herkunft der Germanen: Abriss des Protogermanischen vor der Ersten Lautverschiebung"; 2009;
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in 486, established themselves as rulers of northern Roman Gaul. Fending off challenges from the Alemanni, Burgundians, and Visigoths, the
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hinweist. Alle Epochengrenzen sind letztlich nur ein Konstrukt und vor allem durch Konvention begrĂĽndet. Vgl. auch Stefan Krautschick:
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In contrast, the standard terms in French and Italian historiography translate to "barbarian invasions", or even "barbaric invasions" (
1036:, viewed tribes as coherent biological (racial) entities, using the term to refer to discrete ethnic groups. He also believed that the
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This article is about the period of widespread migrations in Europe during the first millennium AD. For prehistoric migrations, see
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and the Franks; they were later pushed westward by the Huns, the Avars, the Slavs and the Bulgars. Later invasions, such as the
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changed permanently, becoming predominantly Slavic, while pockets of native people survived in the mountains of the Balkans.
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There is no indication that the Germani possessed a feeling that they were a "separate people, nation, or group of tribes"
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ideal that there once had been a single German, Celtic or Slavic people who originated from a common homeland and spoke a
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309:. As central power broke down in the Western Roman Empire, the military became more important but was dominated by men of
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Wood, Ian (2006). "Defining the Franks: Frankish origins in early medieval historiography". In Thomas F.X. Noble (ed.).
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The term refers to the important role played by the migration, invasion, and settlement of various tribes, notably the
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had come to an end. The Burgundians settled in northwestern Italy, Switzerland and Eastern France in the 5th century.
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of the person buried, the "Culture-History" school of archaeology assumed that archaeological cultures represent the
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and that "to complicate matters, we have no way of devising a terminology that is not derived from the concept of
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1958:) of linguistics in that relationships between related languages were seen to be the result of derivation from a
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Halsall, Guy (2006b). "Movers and shakers: the barbarians and the fall of Rome". In Thomas F.X. Noble (ed.).
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The nature of the barbarian takeover of former Roman provinces varied from region to region. For example, in
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from the late 8th century conventionally mark the last large movements of the period. Christian missionaries
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and how it was created and expressed during the Barbarian Invasions has elicited discussion among scholars.
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Serbia and Macedonia) and the area of southern and central Albania became invaded and settled by Bulgars.
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of thousands. The process involved active, conscious decision-making by Roman provincial populations.
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introduced the equation in his 1778 history of the Germans. Wolfram observed that the significance of
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The "primordialistic" paradigm prevailed during the 19th century. Scholars, such as German linguist
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into Europe across the Caucasus (7th and 8th centuries). At the same time, the Moors (consisting of
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and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the
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Heather, Peter (2006). "Foedera and foederati of the fourth century". In Thomas F.X. Noble (ed.).
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sharing the same (or similar) language possessed a common identity and ancestry. This was the
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145:"Barbarian invasion" and "Barbarian invasions" redirect here. For the 2003 Canadian film, see
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The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century: An Ethnographic Perspective
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The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700
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Geary, Patrick (2006). "The crisis of European identity". In Thomas F.X. Noble (ed.).
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after 1000 BC. The first wave moved westward and southward (pushing the resident
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Allgemein Springer (2006), der auch auf alternative Definitionen auĂźerhalb der
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for the next millennium. The following centuries saw the Muslims successful in
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Magyars became involved in this second wave. In AD 567, the Avars and the
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in Iberia. They were followed into Roman territory first by a confederation of
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Archaeology and Language: Correlating Archaeological and Linguistic Hypotheses
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other causes". Goffart argues that the process of settlement was connected to
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from the Visigothic Kingdom in 711), before being halted by the Franks at the
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Rather than "invasion", German and Slavic scholars speak of "migration" (see
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A theory states that the primordialist mode of thinking was encouraged by a
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Halsall, Guy (2006a). "The Barbarian invasions". In Paul Fouracre (ed.).
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chieftains (whose centres of power retreated westward as a result). The
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
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Wright, David Curtis (1997). "The Hsiung-Nu-Hun Equation Revisited".
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and other steppe nations in 100 AD. Some historians believe that the
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during the late 7th and early 8th centuries but were defeated at the
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Barbarian invasions against the Roman Empire in the 3rd century
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the non-Islamic newcomers and integrated them into the Christendom.
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Die Goten. Von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des sechsten Jahrhunderts
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became the nucleus of what would later become France and Germany.
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1656:, 1995, Metropolitan Museum of Art, ed. Katharine Reynolds Brown,
1602:"History of Europe - Barbarian Migrations, Invasions | Britannica"
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1159:
hibernated. There was ample time for forgetfulness to do its work.
911:
871:
in the 7th century. From that time the demographic picture of the
791:
779:
767:
681:
677:
661:
612:
592:
588:
572:
466:
462:
382:
362:
354:
306:
290:
243:
235:
1086:
sources, which grouped together many tribes under such labels as
644:
into Roman territory in 376, in a migration fleeing the invading
4000:
3647:
2863:
1339:
1195:
1013:
930:
in Gaul. These battles broadly demarcated the frontiers between
704:
645:
608:
474:
458:
454:
294:
247:
70:
4751:
4128:
3002:
2928:
2791:
1583:
Hunnensturm und Germanenflut: 375 – Beginn der Völkerwanderung?
1110:
blood kinship. The process of forming tribal units was called "
2966:
2056:. "The Eurasian Spread Zone and the Indo-European Dispersal."
2039:
harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFFriedrich_&_Harland2020 (
317:
military, were known in the periods before and after, and the
26:
1573:
Zur Entstehung eines Datums. 375 – Beginn der Völkerwanderung
898:
by the joint forces of Byzantium and the Bulgars. During the
2554:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 1: c. 500 – c. 700
2339:
2337:
1934:
1932:
1728:"Anatolien war nicht Ur-Heimat der indogermanischen Stämme"
840:
allies in the 6th century. They were later followed by the
988:, a historian of the Goths, in discussing the equation of
2468:
Histories and pseudo-histories of the insular Middle Ages
2143:
2141:
2139:
1775:
1773:
1017:
as a biological community was shifting, even during the
621:
depicting a bird, horse, and stylized human head with a
2035:
1436:, a four-part TV documentary series first broadcast on
844:
and the Franks, who conquered and ruled most of Italy.
453:
and northern Germany to the adjacent lands between the
2537:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
1919:
1917:
847:
The Bulgars, originally a nomadic group probably from
668:
before settling in Gaul. Around 460, they founded the
2699:"Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies"
2660:
Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric
1962:. The model still is very influential in linguistics
1234:), aspiring to the idea of a dynamic and "wandering
509:' era they included lesser-known tribes such as the
66:
5257:
5062:
4878:
4818:
4785:
4636:
4495:
4390:
4282:
4162:
4066:
3347:
3309:
3099:
3053:
2172:Henri J. M. Claessen, Jarich Gerlof Oosten (1996).
1815:Zbigniew Kobyliński. "The Slavs" in Paul Fouracre.
863:, the majority of them migrated west and dominated
333:time. The first migrations of peoples were made by
190:
176:
168:
154:
2702:. In Little, Lester K; Rosenwein, Barbara (eds.).
2697:
2487:
2444:
1970:
1968:
1650:"The Migration period (fourth to eighth century)"
138:. For seasonal periods of animal migrations, see
2592:Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568
2534:Language and history in the early Germanic world
2447:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
1950:That was influenced by the 'family tree' model (
1639:Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568
1626:Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568
859:since the 2nd century, but later, pushed by the
134:. For seasonal periods of human migrations, see
2490:Myth of Nations. The Medieval Origins of Europe
1581:82, 2000, S. 217–222 sowie Stefan Krautschick:
1167:
1338:, acquiring the identity of the newcomers. In
656:was killed while meeting with Roman commander
215:marked by large-scale migrations that saw the
91:accompanying your translation by providing an
57:Click for important translation instructions.
44:expand this article with text translated from
4763:
4140:
3014:
2940:
2803:
2704:Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings
1417:, process-driven archaeologists rejected the
297:. In 406 a particularly large and unexpected
127:Period from the fourth to the sixth centuries
8:
1952:
1402:
1152:
1140:
994:
393:also had significant effects (especially in
3045:origin primarily identified as speakers of
1877:
1875:
1873:
949:from around AD 895 and the subsequent
481:by 100 BC, where they were stopped by
289:, and the Franks were settled south of the
4770:
4756:
4748:
4147:
4133:
4125:
3021:
3007:
2999:
2947:
2933:
2925:
2810:
2796:
2788:
2343:
2174:Ideology and the Formation of Early States
2069:
1938:
947:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
2751:From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms
2679:From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms
2630:From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms
2573:From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms
2511:From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms
2451:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2425:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
890:attempted to invade southeast Europe via
321:adapted and continued to exist until the
207:(circa 300 to 600 AD), also known as the
2268:
2244:
2232:
2208:
2147:
2117:
1803:
1779:
1715:The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians
1680:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 54.
1314:
1271:
1185:
752:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe
4086:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
2292:
2280:
2159:
2081:
2023:
1991:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFTodd (
1974:
1791:
1558:
1057:of the 18th and 19th centuries such as
1479:Barbarian invasions of the 3rd century
734:occurred during the 5th century, when
266:within or into the territories of the
151:
2316:
2256:
2220:
2196:
2093:
1923:
804:dating back to the Migration Period,
664:groups, eventually invaded Italy and
7:
2328:
2304:
2105:
1885:, Macmillan, London, 1998, pp. 22-40
1508:Genetic history of the British Isles
1150:The common, track-filled map of the
438:Pre-Roman Iron Age (Northern Europe)
5285:History of the Mediterranean region
4732:
4177:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
2399:Westrom. Von Honorius bis Justinian
2379:Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew, ed. (2000).
1628:. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
1445:Rome: Total War: Barbarian Invasion
820:tribes such as the Avars and later
776:in Europe in the 5th–10th centuries
4269:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
2753:. New York and London: Routledge.
2632:. New York and London: Routledge.
2575:. New York and London: Routledge.
2513:. New York and London: Routledge.
1817:The New Cambridge Medieval History
1106:peoples be jettisoned altogether.
707:, the Franks (a fusion of western
428:Germanic tribes prior to migration
25:
4699:Historiography in the Middle Ages
2470:. Aldershot, Hampshire: Variorum.
2010:, Miranda Green (1996), p. 3 and
1465:, 2004 documentary miniseries on
1322:and peoples after the end of the
896:siege of Constantinople (717–718)
732:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
617:A Migration Period Germanic gold
469:around 200 BC), moving into
337:such as the Goths (including the
277:conquest of Italy by the Lombards
103:{{Translated|de|Völkerwanderung}}
5270:Bibliography of European history
4865:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
4731:
4722:
4721:
4711:
4109:
4108:
2775:
2677:Noble, Thomas F.X., ed. (2006).
1986:
1850:, University of Michigan Press,
784:Migration and settlement of the
555:Roman Iron Age (Northern Europe)
217:fall of the Western Roman Empire
160:
31:
5295:History of Western civilization
4898:Christianity in the Middle Ages
4197:Christianity in the Middle Ages
4192:Decline of Hellenistic religion
4091:Christianization of Scandinavia
1894:Wolfram, Thomas J. Dunlap, tr.
1867:The Miracles of Saint Demetrius
1846:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1983),
788:during the 6th–7th centuries AD
349:, the Lombards, the Suebi, the
5139:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
5082:Christianity in the modern era
4853:Christianity in late antiquity
4475:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
4081:Christianization of the Franks
3154:Continental Germanic mythology
2662:. Cambridge University Press.
2594:. Cambridge University Press.
2556:. Cambridge University Press.
2036:Friedrich & Harland (2020)
1637:For example, Halsall, (2008),
172:300–800 AD (greatest estimate)
101:You may also add the template
1:
5290:History of the European Union
4649:Disability in the Middle Ages
4322:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
4254:Rise of the Venetian Republic
1909:The Ethnic Origins of Nations
951:Hungarian invasions of Europe
805:
652:, the escort to their leader
473:up to the Roman provinces of
155:Invasions of the Roman Empire
2721:Todd, Malcolm (1996-02-12).
2658:Kulikowski, Michael (2007).
2364:. Cornell University Press.
1881:Chapter 2 in Noel Malcolm's
1198:originated from the Xiongnu.
942:from the Christians by 902.
5249:Russian invasion of Ukraine
4860:Crisis of the Third Century
4096:Christianization of Iceland
1700:Giovanni Milani-Santarpia,
1654:Migration Art, A.D. 300-800
1293:Crisis of the Third Century
114:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
5397:
5305:Military history of Europe
5300:Maritime history of Europe
4450:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
2383:. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
1848:The Early Medieval Balkans
1828:Bertolini 1960, pp. 34–38.
1702:"Immigration Roman Empire"
1489:Dark Ages (historiography)
1454:, strategy video games by
973:
745:
558:
552:
431:
423:Pre-modern human migration
420:
144:
132:History of human migration
129:
65:Machine translation, like
5275:Genetic history of Europe
4707:
4377:Mongol invasion of Europe
4104:
3036:
2963:
2829:
2609:Heather, Peter J (1998).
2131:Eurasian Studies Yearbook
1588:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
940:conquering most of Sicily
700:, who settled in Italy.
692:in 476, and later by the
159:
46:the corresponding article
5366:1st millennium in Africa
5356:1st millennium in Europe
3334:North Germanic languages
3319:Germanic parent language
2740:Wolfram, Herwig (2001).
2725:. Blackwell Publishing.
2494:. Princeton Paperbacks.
2466:Dumville, David (1990).
2360:Barford, Paul M (2001).
736:Roman control of Britain
136:seasonal human migration
5280:History of Christianity
4332:Investiture Controversy
4302:Second Bulgarian Empire
3339:West Germanic languages
3329:East Germanic languages
3324:Proto-Germanic language
3144:Proto-Germanic folklore
3081:Romano-Germanic culture
2821:established around the
2486:Geary, Patrick (2003).
2012:The Making of the Slavs
1883:Kosovo, a Short History
1730:. Eurasischesmagazin.de
1717:, Norton Library, 1967.
1433:Terry Jones' Barbarians
1177:Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew.
1049:, helping to provide a
1034:Johann Gottfried Herder
434:Proto-Germanic language
301:was made by a group of
147:The Barbarian Invasions
112:For more guidance, see
5361:1st millennium in Asia
5104:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4689:Post-classical history
4445:Fall of Constantinople
4352:Capet–Plantagenet feud
4219:First Bulgarian Empire
2957:history of Scandinavia
2744:. MĂĽnchen: C. H. Beck.
2397:Börm, Henning (2013),
2176:. BRILL. p. 222.
2014:. Floring Curta (2001)
1953:
1767:Bury, Invasion, Ch. 1.
1674:Peter Heather (2003).
1403:
1327:
1279:
1254:
1246:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1184:
1161:
1153:
1141:
995:
980:Analysis of barbarian
867:territories along the
828:destroyed much of the
812:
789:
777:
719:decisive victory over
625:
449:moved out of southern
323:fall of Constantinople
196:declining Roman Empire
5331:Historical migrations
5184:Industrial Revolution
3149:Anglo-Saxon mythology
3039:Ethnolinguistic group
2696:Pohl, Walter (1998).
2590:Halsall, Guy (2008).
1494:Environmental migrant
1456:The Creative Assembly
1318:
1275:
1189:
1179:The Role of Migration
1148:
918:) invaded Europe via
795:
783:
771:
648:. Some time later in
616:
553:Further information:
432:Further information:
421:Further information:
299:crossing of the Rhine
85:copyright attribution
5351:Germanic archaeology
5239:European debt crisis
5234:European integration
5174:Age of Enlightenment
5014:Republic of Florence
4669:Medieval reenactment
4465:Renaissance Humanism
4372:Medieval Warm Period
4342:Republic of Florence
4156:European Middle Ages
2879:Kingdom of the Aurès
2839:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
2784:at Wikimedia Commons
1896:History of the Goths
1543:Migration Period art
1378:Western Roman Empire
1360:Eastern Roman Empire
1324:Western Roman Empire
1255:Invasioni barbariche
1114:", a term coined by
1051:conceptual framework
631:Western Roman Empire
503:Carpathian Mountains
361:, the Alemanni, the
345:), the Vandals, the
319:Eastern Roman Empire
194:Tribes invading the
5204:Revolutions of 1848
5134:Early modern France
4915:Anglo-Saxon England
4820:Classical antiquity
4382:Kingdom of Portugal
4249:Old Church Slavonic
4234:Anglo-Saxon England
4076:Gothic Christianity
2889:Ostrogothic kingdom
2706:. Wiley-Blackwell.
2613:. Wiley-Blackwell.
2259:, pp. 120–180)
1591:92, 1999, S. 10–67.
1533:Medieval demography
1467:The History Channel
1266:Great Wall of China
1262:population pressure
1055:political movements
1025:created during the
959:gradually converted
924:conquering Hispania
884:Byzantine–Arab Wars
698:Theodoric the Great
221:post-Roman kingdoms
209:Barbarian Invasions
5310:Crusading movement
5214:Russian Revolution
5049:Hundred Years' War
4945:Maritime republics
4848:Early Christianity
4838:Hellenistic period
4795:Paleolithic Europe
4563:In popular culture
4528:Crusading movement
4400:Hundred Years' War
4259:Civitas Schinesghe
4244:Carolingian Empire
4229:Kingdom of Croatia
4182:Barbarian kingdoms
3459:Germani cisrhenani
3167:Funerary practices
3071:Pre-Roman Iron Age
3047:Germanic languages
2914:Visigothic kingdom
2874:Kingdom of Odoacer
2844:Burgundian kingdom
2834:Alamannian kingdom
2819:Barbarian kingdoms
1907:Anthony D. Smith,
1837:Schutz 2002, p. 82
1819:, pp. 530–537
1794:, pp. 127ff..
1606:www.britannica.com
1518:Hephthalite Empire
1426:Depiction in media
1419:culture-historical
1328:
1320:Barbarian kingdoms
1280:
1247:Invasions barbares
1200:
1100:economic interests
1082:interpretation of
970:Barbarian identity
813:
790:
778:
690:Romulus Augustulus
670:Visigothic Kingdom
666:sacked Rome in 410
626:
211:, was a period in
93:interlanguage link
5318:
5317:
5244:COVID-19 pandemic
5189:French Revolution
5164:Habsburg monarchy
5144:Cossack Hetmanate
5124:Portuguese Empire
5114:Absolute monarchy
5109:Thirty Years' War
5004:Holy Roman Empire
4929:Bulgarian Empire
4888:Early Middle Ages
4805:Bronze Age Europe
4779:History of Europe
4745:
4744:
4654:Basic topics list
4455:Swiss mercenaries
4405:Wars of the Roses
4312:Kingdom of Poland
4297:Holy Roman Empire
4164:Early Middle Ages
4122:
4121:
3294:Gothic and Vandal
3086:Germanic Iron Age
3061:Nordic Bronze Age
3043:Northern European
2996:
2995:
2922:
2921:
2899:Sub-Roman Britain
2869:Kingdom of Altava
2780:Media related to
2723:The Early Germans
2669:978-0-521-84633-2
2652:978-3-534-23757-9
2601:978-0-521-43491-1
2544:978-0-521-79423-7
2480:978-3-11-069976-0
2458:978-0-521-81539-0
2432:978-1-139-42888-0
2411:978-3-17-023276-1
2403:Kohlhammer Verlag
2390:978-1-349-61839-2
2331:, pp. 17–23)
2271:, pp. 50–52.
1757:978-3-9812110-1-6
1704:, MariaMilani.com
1687:978-1-84383-033-7
1451:Total War: Attila
1027:French Revolution
1019:early Middle Ages
882:During the early
399:Iberian Peninsula
285:within the Roman
201:
200:
125:
124:
58:
54:
18:Migrations Period
16:(Redirected from
5388:
5346:Germanic history
5336:Migration Period
5179:Great Divergence
5094:Age of Discovery
5039:Late Middle Ages
5009:High Middle Ages
4920:Byzantine Empire
4903:Christianization
4893:Migration Period
4828:Classical Greece
4800:Neolithic Europe
4772:
4765:
4758:
4749:
4735:
4734:
4725:
4724:
4715:
4674:Medieval studies
4518:Church and State
4392:Late Middle Ages
4284:High Middle Ages
4202:Christianization
4172:Migration Period
4149:
4142:
4135:
4126:
4112:
4111:
4068:Christianization
3658:Ripuarian Franks
3030:Germanic peoples
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2955:Timeline of the
2949:
2942:
2935:
2926:
2849:Frankish kingdom
2823:Migration Period
2812:
2805:
2798:
2789:
2782:Migration period
2779:
2764:
2745:
2736:
2717:
2701:
2692:
2673:
2643:
2624:
2605:
2586:
2567:
2548:
2524:
2505:
2493:
2471:
2462:
2450:
2436:
2394:
2375:
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2341:
2332:
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2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
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2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2008:The Celtic World
2004:
1998:
1996:
1989:, pp. 8–10)
1984:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1768:
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1759:
1745:
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1736:
1735:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1671:
1665:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1598:
1592:
1563:
1548:Turkic migration
1513:Germanic peoples
1503:Sixteen Kingdoms
1408:
1216:Stěhovánà národů
1182:
1156:
1144:
1136:Patrick J. Geary
1128:Reinhard Wenskus
1010:
1000:, observes that
998:
990:migratio gentium
955:Viking expansion
900:Khazar–Arab Wars
810:
807:
725:Frankish kingdom
497:, moving up the
471:southern Germany
447:Germanic peoples
442:Marcomannic Wars
213:European history
205:Migration Period
164:
152:
140:animal migration
104:
98:
71:Google Translate
56:
53:(September 2024)
52:
35:
34:
27:
21:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5371:Historical eras
5321:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5253:
5219:Interwar period
5194:Napoleonic Wars
5058:
5029:Mongol invasion
4982:Crown of Aragon
4874:
4814:
4810:Iron Age Europe
4781:
4776:
4746:
4741:
4703:
4684:Neo-medievalism
4632:
4568:Itinerant court
4491:
4386:
4307:Georgian Empire
4292:Norman Conquest
4278:
4224:Frankish Empire
4158:
4153:
4123:
4118:
4100:
4062:
3343:
3305:
3267:Gothic alphabet
3159:Norse mythology
3095:
3049:
3032:
3027:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2959:
2953:
2923:
2918:
2904:Suebian kingdom
2884:Lombard kingdom
2854:Frisian kingdom
2825:
2816:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2748:
2739:
2733:
2720:
2714:
2695:
2689:
2676:
2670:
2657:
2640:
2627:
2621:
2608:
2602:
2589:
2583:
2570:
2564:
2551:
2545:
2527:
2521:
2508:
2502:
2485:
2465:
2459:
2439:
2433:
2415:
2391:
2378:
2372:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2344:Kulikowski 2007
2342:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2070:Kulikowski 2007
2068:
2064:
2058:Johanna Nichols
2052:
2048:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2005:
2001:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1960:common ancestor
1949:
1945:
1939:Kulikowski 2007
1937:
1930:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1766:
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1746:
1742:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1664:, 9780870997501
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
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1619:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1568:communis opinio
1564:
1560:
1556:
1499:Five Barbarians
1475:
1428:
1415:constructionism
1394:
1388:had on theirs.
1208:Völkerwanderung
1183:
1176:
1170:Völkerwanderung
1166:
1154:Völkerwanderung
1124:Austrian school
1004:
1002:Michael Schmidt
996:Völkerwanderung
978:
972:
967:
928:Battle of Tours
851:, occupied the
808:
766:
756:Pannonian Avars
744:
709:Germanic tribes
688:, that deposed
684:warriors under
611:
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551:
444:
430:
425:
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335:Germanic tribes
256:Pannonian Avars
180:Europe and the
150:
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59:
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22:
15:
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5341:Historiography
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5159:British Empire
5156:
5154:Dutch Republic
5151:
5149:Swedish Empire
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5129:Spanish Empire
5126:
5121:
5119:Ottoman Empire
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5060:
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5034:Serbian Empire
5031:
5026:
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5016:
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5006:
5001:
4979:
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4907:
4906:
4905:
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4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4870:Late antiquity
4867:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4833:Roman Republic
4830:
4824:
4822:
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4679:Misconceptions
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4487:Little Ice Age
4484:
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4440:Western Schism
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4187:Late antiquity
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3116:
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3076:Roman Iron Age
3073:
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2909:Vandal kingdom
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2894:Rugian kingdom
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2770:External links
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1120:Yulian Bromley
986:Herwig Wolfram
974:Main article:
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908:Arab expansion
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5265:Art of Europe
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4209:Rise of Islam
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3700:Crimean Goths
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3107:
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3102:
3101:Early culture
3098:
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2890:
2887:
2885:
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2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Hunnic empire
2862:
2860:
2859:Gepid kingdom
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
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2840:
2837:
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2773:
2769:
2762:
2760:0-415-32742-3
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2732:0-631-19904-7
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2713:1-57718-008-9
2709:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2688:0-415-32742-3
2684:
2681:. Routledge.
2680:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2639:0-415-32742-3
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2620:0-631-20932-8
2616:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2582:0-415-32742-3
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2563:0-521-36291-1
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2520:0-415-32742-3
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2501:0-691-11481-1
2497:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2441:Curta, Florin
2438:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2417:Curta, Florin
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2371:0-8014-3977-9
2367:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2346:, p. 61.
2345:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2310:
2307:, p. 20)
2306:
2301:
2298:
2295:, p. 46)
2294:
2293:Barford (2001
2289:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:Halsall 2006a
2265:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2247:, p. 50.
2246:
2245:Halsall 2006a
2241:
2238:
2235:, p. 49.
2234:
2233:Halsall 2006a
2229:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2211:, p. 42.
2210:
2209:Halsall 2006a
2205:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2183:9789004104709
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:, p. 35.
2149:
2148:Halsall 2006a
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2133:. 69: 77–112.
2132:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:Halsall 2006b
2114:
2111:
2108:, p. 97.
2107:
2102:
2099:
2096:, p. 77)
2095:
2090:
2087:
2084:, p. 15)
2083:
2082:Halsall (2008
2078:
2075:
2072:, p. 48.
2071:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2026:, p. 24)
2025:
2024:Halsall (2008
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:For example,
2003:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1977:, p. 17)
1976:
1975:Halsall (2008
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1944:
1941:, p. 46.
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:, p. 29.
1925:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1898:(1979) 1988:5
1897:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:0-472-08149-7
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:Dumville 1990
1800:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1782:, p. 51.
1781:
1780:Halsall 2006a
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1753:3-9812110-1-4
1750:
1744:
1741:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:Bury, J. B.,
1710:
1707:
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1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1236:Indo-Germanic
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1173:
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1097:
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1089:
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1081:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:Pan-Germanism
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:common tongue
1044:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:
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991:
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983:
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874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Pontic steppe
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:Gepid Kingdom
827:
823:
819:
803:
799:
798:fibula brooch
794:
787:
782:
775:
772:Migration of
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
741:
739:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
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706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Marcianopolis
647:
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610:
606:
602:
598:
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590:
586:
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536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
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508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:Julius Caesar
485:and later by
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
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448:
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427:
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257:
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229:
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218:
214:
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206:
197:
193:
189:
186:
183:
182:Mediterranean
179:
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137:
133:
115:
111:
108:
100:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
62:
61:
55:
49:
47:
42:You can help
38:
29:
28:
19:
5224:World War II
5077:Early modern
5054:Kalmar Union
4925:Papal States
4892:
4843:Roman Empire
4508:Architecture
4480:Great Famine
4470:Universities
4410:Hussite Wars
4327:Great Schism
4214:Papal States
4171:
3394:Anglo-Saxons
3384:Adrabaecampi
3367:Bucinobantes
3109:Architecture
2822:
2750:
2741:
2722:
2703:
2678:
2659:
2629:
2610:
2591:
2572:
2553:
2532:
2529:Green, D. H.
2510:
2489:
2467:
2446:
2421:
2398:
2380:
2361:
2353:Bibliography
2324:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2281:Heather 2006
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2173:
2167:
2160:Heather 2006
2155:
2130:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2049:
2031:
2019:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1982:
1951:
1946:
1908:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1882:
1863:
1847:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1799:
1792:Wolfram 2001
1787:
1763:
1743:
1732:. Retrieved
1722:
1714:
1709:
1696:
1676:
1669:
1653:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:
1596:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1561:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1431:
1412:
1401:
1395:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1329:
1306:
1298:
1289:hospitalitas
1288:
1282:The scholar
1281:
1259:
1240:
1232:népvándorlás
1224:folkvandring
1201:
1190:Location of
1178:
1169:
1168:
1151:
1149:
1139:
1112:ethnogenesis
1108:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:Graeco-Roman
1077:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1037:
1031:
1012:
993:
989:
979:
944:
906:stopped the
881:
877:
869:lower Danube
849:Central Asia
846:
814:
730:The initial
729:
715:and his son
702:
640:crossed the
635:
627:
623:Suebian knot
483:Gaius Marius
465:west to the
445:
395:North Africa
347:Anglo-Saxons
331:
315:
305:, Alans and
280:
273:
268:Roman Empire
225:
208:
204:
202:
89:edit summary
80:
51:
43:
5209:World War I
5199:Nationalism
5087:Reformation
5072:Renaissance
5044:Black Death
4977:Kievan Rus'
4880:Middle Ages
4737:WikiProject
4664:Medievalism
4503:Agriculture
4367:Manorialism
4362:Communalism
4357:Monasticism
4274:Reconquista
4264:Kievan Rus'
3834:Nahanarvali
3757:Hilleviones
3670:Frisiavones
3538:Cananefates
3528:Burgundians
3439:Banochaemae
3289:Anglo-Saxon
3240:Anglo-Saxon
3206:Anglo-Saxon
3189:Anglo-Saxon
3172:Anglo-Saxon
2317:Geary (2003
2257:Curta (2001
2197:Curta (2001
2094:Geary (2003
1538:Middle Ages
1523:Immigration
1284:Guy Halsall
1132:Walter Pohl
1079:prima facie
1063:Pan-Slavism
1005: [
965:Discussions
932:Christendom
888:Arab armies
774:early Slavs
748:Early Slavs
742:Second wave
569:Burgundians
543:Thuringians
451:Scandinavia
359:Burgundians
252:early Slavs
228:Burgundians
5381:Barbarians
5325:Categories
4972:Viking Age
4787:Prehistory
4659:Land terms
4613:Technology
4593:Philosophy
4573:Literature
4538:Demography
4239:Viking Age
4053:Vinoviloth
3841:Marcomanni
3824:Helveconae
3802:HeaĂ°obards
3772:Istvaeones
3762:Ingaevones
3747:Hermunduri
3715:Ostrogoths
3705:Greuthungi
3583:Chattuarii
3409:Angrivarii
3404:Ampsivarii
3372:Lentienses
3201:Literature
3091:Viking Age
2329:Pohl (1998
2221:Green 1998
1924:Geary 2006
1734:2016-02-03
1662:0870997505
1611:2023-08-12
1554:References
1484:Bond event
1462:Barbarians
1336:Ostrogoths
1302:Barbaricum
1164:Viewpoints
1023:nationhood
892:Asia Minor
809: 600
746:See also:
694:Ostrogoths
561:Ostrogoths
559:See also:
549:First wave
519:Hermunduri
495:Baltic Sea
417:Chronology
389:, and the
379:Hungarians
375:Varangians
343:Ostrogoths
5376:Dark ages
5019:Feudalism
4990:Catalonia
4644:Dark Ages
4553:Household
4548:Hastilude
4317:Feudalism
4048:Vidivarii
4043:Victohali
4033:Vangiones
3966:Thuringii
3871:Nuithones
3767:Irminones
3730:Visigoths
3720:Thervingi
3680:Gambrivii
3633:Dulgubnii
3628:Dauciones
3578:Chasuarii
3518:Brondings
3444:Bastarnae
3434:Baiuvarii
3414:Armalausi
3377:Raetovari
3311:Languages
3279:Symbology
3139:Folklore
3134:Festivals
2611:The Goths
2106:Wood 2006
1954:Stammbaun
1398:ethnicity
1392:Ethnicity
1356:Brittonic
1332:Aquitaine
1326:in 476 AD
1238:people".
1228:Hungarian
1096:Sclavenoi
976:Barbarian
920:Gibraltar
865:Byzantine
855:north of
842:Bavarians
834:Sarmatian
713:Childeric
696:, led by
658:Lupicinus
654:Fritigern
619:bracteate
565:Visigoths
505:. During
501:near the
339:Visigoths
311:barbarian
293:in Roman
282:foederati
107:talk page
48:in German
5258:See also
5229:Cold War
5024:Crusades
4994:Valencia
4727:Category
4694:Timeline
4583:Minstrel
4578:Medicine
4460:Chivalry
4415:Burgundy
4337:Crusades
4114:Category
4021:Hasdingi
4006:Usipetes
3986:Tubantes
3971:Toxandri
3951:Tencteri
3926:Suarines
3911:Sicambri
3906:Semnones
3886:Reudigni
3856:Mattiaci
3846:Marsacii
3797:Lombards
3787:Lacringi
3782:Juthungi
3613:Corconti
3598:Cherusci
3573:Charudes
3553:Chaedini
3523:Bructeri
3508:Bateinoi
3479:Eburones
3474:Condrusi
3469:Caeroesi
3464:Atuatuci
3399:Ambrones
3362:Brisgavi
3357:Alemanni
3235:Paganism
3124:Clothing
3119:Calendar
3066:Germania
2531:(1998).
2443:(2006).
2419:(2001).
2305:Pohl1998
2060:. p. 224
1858:, p. 31.
1473:See also
1405:Urheimat
1354:and the
1344:Alemanni
1175:—
1126:(led by
1118:scholar
1104:Germanic
1088:Germanoi
1043:Romantic
982:identity
953:and the
857:Caucasus
826:Lombards
800:made of
721:Syagrius
717:Clovis's
674:Herulian
638:Tervingi
597:Alemanni
577:Lombards
539:Frisians
527:Alemanni
515:Cherusci
511:Tencteri
403:Anatolia
341:and the
327:Ottomans
313:origin.
240:Alemanni
83:provide
5099:Baroque
4998:Majorca
4910:Francia
4637:Related
4623:Warfare
4618:Theatre
4608:Slavery
4603:Science
4558:Hunting
4523:Cuisine
4496:Culture
4435:Castile
4430:England
4038:Varisci
4026:Silingi
4016:Vandals
3991:Tulingi
3981:Triboci
3976:Treveri
3956:Teutons
3946:Taifals
3921:Sitones
3861:Nemetes
3819:Helisii
3792:Lemovii
3710:Gutones
3643:Firaesi
3638:Favonae
3618:Cugerni
3608:Cobandi
3563:Chamavi
3558:Chaemae
3548:Casuari
3543:Caritni
3513:Betasii
3484:Paemani
3419:Auiones
3284:Warfare
3262:Scripts
3230:Numbers
3054:History
1440:in 2006
1348:Vandals
1251:Italian
1220:Swedish
1192:Xiongnu
1181:, p. 15
1071:Germani
916:Berbers
904:Khazars
873:Balkans
861:Khazars
811:–650 AD
796:Slavic
786:Bulgars
764:Bulgars
760:Magyars
686:Odoacer
682:Scirian
605:Vandals
507:Tacitus
499:Vistula
491:Tacitus
407:Central
391:Mongols
371:Normans
367:Vikings
325:to the
303:Vandals
287:Balkans
264:Magyars
260:Bulgars
232:Vandals
105:to the
87:in the
50:.
4986:Aragon
4965:Amalfi
4950:Venice
4938:Second
4717:Portal
4598:Poetry
4425:France
4058:Warini
4011:Vagoth
3996:Tungri
3961:Thelir
3941:Swedes
3936:Sunici
3901:Saxons
3896:Rugini
3829:Manimi
3814:Diduni
3752:Heruli
3690:Gepids
3675:Frisii
3653:Franks
3603:Cimbri
3593:Chauci
3588:Chatti
3501:Nervii
3496:Morini
3454:Belgae
3449:Batavi
3424:Avarpi
3389:Angles
3349:Groups
3299:Viking
3245:Gothic
3223:Gothic
3129:Family
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1386:Saxons
1352:Saxons
1243:French
1204:German
1122:. The
1116:Soviet
1092:Keltoi
902:, the
818:Turkic
802:copper
762:, and
680:, and
678:Rugian
662:Gothic
642:Danube
607:, and
601:Gepids
585:Saxons
535:Saxons
531:Franks
523:Chatti
440:, and
397:, the
385:, the
381:, the
377:, the
373:, the
369:, the
357:, the
353:, the
351:Frisii
185:region
4955:Genoa
4933:First
4628:Women
4588:Music
4543:Domes
4533:Dance
4420:Milan
3931:Suebi
3916:Sciri
3891:Rugii
3881:Quadi
3866:Njars
3851:Marsi
3809:Lugii
3777:Jutes
3742:Harii
3737:Gutes
3695:Goths
3685:Geats
3623:Danes
3568:Chali
3489:Segni
3429:Baemi
3272:Runes
3257:Rings
3250:Norse
3218:Names
3211:Norse
3194:Norse
3177:Norse
1438:BBC 2
1365:limes
1212:Czech
1009:]
992:with
936:Islam
912:Arabs
838:Saxon
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593:Suebi
589:Jutes
573:Alans
467:Rhine
463:Celts
387:Turks
383:Arabs
363:Sciri
355:Jutes
307:Suebi
291:Rhine
244:Alans
236:Goths
191:Event
177:Place
67:DeepL
4960:Pisa
4001:Ubii
3648:Fosi
3533:Buri
2755:ISBN
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2178:ISBN
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1993:help
1987:Todd
1852:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1682:ISBN
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1585:In:
1578:Klio
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1134:and
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