Vandals - Knowledge (XXG)

291: 819: 2455: 1771: 45: 37: 1199: 1676: 1464: 1207: 1600:) were a constant source of tension in their African state. Catholic bishops were exiled or killed by Genseric and laymen were excluded from office and frequently suffered confiscation of their property. He protected his Catholic subjects when his relations with Rome and Constantinople were friendly, as during the years 454–57, when the Catholic community at Carthage, being without a head, elected Deogratias bishop. The same was also the case during the years 476–477 when Bishop Victor of 1571: 2430:, which also remained the official language of the Vandal administration (most of the staff seems to have been native Berber/Roman). Levels of literacy in the ancient world are uncertain, but writing was integral to administration and business. Studies of literacy in North Africa have tended to centre around the administration, which was limited to the social elite. However, the majority of the population of North Africa did not live in urban centres. 553: 1386: 4187: 7916: 984: 5264: 3698: 727: 2793:(University of Wisconsin Press) 1989, highlight the Vandals' role as continuators: Frank Clover stresses continuities in North African Roman mosaics and coinage and literature, whereas Averil Cameron, drawing upon archaeology, documents how swift were the social, religious and linguistic changes once the area was conquered by Byzantium and then by Islam. 1330:. His siege of Palermo in 440 was a failure as was the second attempt to invade Sicily near Agrigento in 442 (the Vandals occupied the island from 468 to 476 when it was ceded to Odovacer). Historian Cameron suggests that the new Vandal rule may not have been unwelcomed by the population of North Africa as the great landowners were generally unpopular. 1301:, where he was joined by Aspar's army. During the summer of 432, Genseric soundly defeated the joint forces of both Bonifacius and Aspar, which enabled him to seize Hippo Regius unopposed. Genseric and Aspar subsequently negotiated a peace treaty of some sorts. Upon seizing Hippo Regius, Genseric made it the first capital of the Vandal kingdom. 545: 2440:; apart from their names, little is known about the poets themselves, not even when they were writing. Their work drew on earlier Roman traditions. Modern scholars generally hold the view that the Vandals allowed the Romans in North Africa to carry on with their way of life with only occasional interference. 1623:: "Genseric, one of the most powerful personalities of the "era of the Migrations", died on 25 January 477, at the great age of around 88 years. According to the law of succession which he had promulgated, the oldest male member of the royal house was to succeed. Thus he was succeeded by his son 1345:

was that the Vandal take-over of Carthage and North Africa led to widespread destruction. However, recent archaeological investigations have challenged this assertion. Although Carthage's Odeon was destroyed, the street pattern remained the same and some public buildings were renovated. The political

5458:

Roland Steinacher: Wenden, Slawen, Vandalen. Eine frühmittelalterliche pseudologische Gleichsetzung und ihr Nachleben bis ins 18. Jahrhundert. In: W. Pohl (Hrsg.): Auf der Suche nach den Ursprüngen. Von der Bedeutung des frühen Mittelalters (Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 8), Wien 2004,

1350:

ware discovered across the Mediterranean dating from the Vandal period of North Africa to challenge the assumption that the Vandal rule of North Africa was a time of economic instability. When the Vandals raided Sicily in 440, the Western Roman Empire was too preoccupied with war with Gaul to react.

616:

but does not say where they live, or which peoples are within this category. On the other hand, Tacitus and Ptolemy give information about the position of Varini, Burgundians, and Gutones in this period, and these indications suggest that the Vandals in this period lived between the Oder and Vistula

657:

as a large group of tribes between the Vistula and the Oder. Strabo and Ptolemy do not mention the Vandals at all, only the Lugii, Tacitus mentions them in a passage about the ancestry of the Germanic peoples without saying where they lived, and Pliny the Elder in contrast mentions the Vandals but

1604:

sent him, during a period of peace, a sharp refutation of Arianism and suffered no punishment. Huneric, Genseric's successor, issued edicts against Catholics in 483 and 484 in an effort to marginalise them and make Arianism the primary religion in North Africa. Generally most Vandal kings, except

48:

A 16th century perception of the Vandals, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel" which means "Theater of all the peoples and nations of the earth with their

5465:

Stefan Donecker; Roland Steinacher, Rex Vandalorum – The Debates on Wends and Vandals in Swedish Humanism as an Indicator for Early Modern Patterns of Ethnic Perception, in: ed. Robert Nedoma, Der Norden im Ausland – das Ausland im Norden. Formung und Transformation von Konzepten und Bildern des

1833:". In the words of historian Roger Collins: "The remaining Vandals were then shipped back to Constantinople to be absorbed into the imperial army. As a distinct ethnic unit they disappeared". Some of the few Vandals remained at North Africa while more migrated back to Spain. In 546 the Vandalic 1554:

reached a treaty with them, and in 476 Genseric was able to conclude a "perpetual peace" with Constantinople. Relations between the two states assumed a veneer of normality. From 477 onwards, the Vandals produced their own coinage, restricted to bronze and silver low-denomination coins. The

1454:

received Genseric and implored him to abstain from murder and destruction by fire, and to be satisfied with pillage. Whether the pope's influence saved Rome is, however, questioned. The Vandals departed with countless valuables. Eudoxia and her daughter Eudocia were taken to North Africa.

688:

In archaeology, the Vandals are associated with the Przeworsk culture, but the culture probably extended over several central and eastern European peoples. Their origin, ethnicity and linguistic affiliation are heavily debated. The bearers of the Przeworsk culture mainly practiced

2527:

stems from the Vandals' reputation as the barbarian people who sacked and looted Rome in AD 455. The Vandals were probably not any more destructive than other invaders of ancient times, but writers who idealized Rome often blamed them for its destruction. For example, English

1225:. Although numbers are unknown and some historians debate the validity of estimates, based on Procopius' assertion that the Vandals and Alans numbered 80,000 when they moved to North Africa, Peter Heather estimates that they could have fielded an army of around 15,000–20,000. 2556:. The term was quickly adopted across Europe. This new use of the term was important in colouring the perception of the Vandals from later Late Antiquity, popularizing the pre-existing idea that they were a barbaric group with a taste for destruction. Vandals and other " 1637:(484–496), his cousin and successor, sought internal peace with the Catholics and ceased persecution once more. Externally, the Vandal power had been declining since Genseric's death, and Gunthamund lost early in his reign all but a small wedge of western Sicily to the 1115:(his mother was a slave) had held a prominent position at the Vandal court, rising to the throne unchallenged. In 429, the Vandals departed Spain which remained almost totally in Roman hands until 439, when the Sueves, confined to Gallaecia moved south and captured 1106:

in 425. The capture of the maritime city of Cartagena enabled the Vandals to engage in widespread naval activities. In 428 Gunderic captured Seville for a second time but died while laying siege to the city's church. He was succeeded by his half-brother

290: 1313:

Carthage on October 19. The city was captured without a fight; the Vandals entered the city while most of the inhabitants were attending the races at the hippodrome. Genseric made it his capital, and styled himself the King of the Vandals and

1232:, the military ruler of the region. Seeking to establish himself as an independent ruler in Africa or even become Roman Emperor, Bonifacius had defeated several Roman attempts to subdue him, until he was mastered by the newly appointed Gothic 818: 1270:

On 28 August 430, three months into the siege, St. Augustine (who was 75 years old) died, perhaps from starvation or stress, as the wheat fields outside the city lay dormant and unharvested. The death of Augustine shocked the Regent of the

5320:

Die Vandalen: die Könige, die Eliten, die Krieger, die Handwerker. Publikation zur Ausstellung "Die Vandalen"; eine Ausstellung der Maria-Curie-Sklodowska-Universität Lublin und des Landesmuseums Zamość ... ; Ausstellung im

1735:

declared war, with the stated intention of restoring Hilderic to the Vandal throne. The deposed Hilderic was murdered in 533 on Gelimer's orders. While an expedition was en route, a large part of the Vandal army and navy was led by

3660:

Clarke, S. 1997: ‘Abandonment, rubbish disposal and “special” deposits’, in Meadows, K., Lemke, C. and Heron, J. (eds), TRAC 96. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference Sheffield 1996, Oxford,

3332: 2433:

Judith George explains that "Analysis of the poems in their context holds up a mirror to the ways and values of the times". Very little work of the poets of Vandal North Africa survives, but what does is found in the

5510: 2991:, p. 4 "Goths, Vandals, and other East Germanic tribes were differentiated from the Germans... In keeping with this classification, post-Tacitean Scandinavians were also no longer counted among the Germans...." 2609:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 1435:, to marry him. Diplomacy between the two factions broke down, and in 455 with a letter from Licinia Eudoxia, begging Genseric's son to rescue her, the Vandals took Rome, along with the Empress and her daughters 4652: 604:, but only in a passage explaining legends about the origins of the Germanic peoples. He names them as one of the groups sometimes thought to be one of the oldest divisions of these peoples, along with the 1304:

The Romans and the Vandals concluded a treaty in 435 giving the Vandals control of the Mauretania and the western half of Numidia. Genseric chose to break the treaty in 439 when he invaded the province of

1126:

writes that he probably contributed more to the destruction of Rome than any of his contemporaries. Although the barbarians controlled Hispania, they still comprised a tiny minority among a much larger

631:

The Hasdingi, who later led the invasion of Carthage, do not appear in written records until the 2nd century and the time of the Marcomannic wars. The Lacringi appear in 3rd century records.

270:" to describe any pointless destruction, particularly the "barbarian" defacing of artwork. However, some modern historians have emphasised the role of Vandals as continuators of aspects of 2707: 666:

have noted that Ptolemy seems to distinguish the Silingi from the Lugii, and in the 2nd century the Hasdings, when they appear in the Roman record, are also distinguished from the Lugii.

1558:

Although the Vandals had fended off attacks from the Romans and established hegemony over the islands of the western Mediterranean, they were less successful in their conflict with the

2578: 1351:

Theodosius II, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, dispatched an expedition to deal with the Vandals in 441; however, it only progressed as far as Sicily. The Western Empire under

908:

concludes that at this time the Vandals were located in the region around the Middle and Upper Danube. It is possible that such Middle Danubian Vandals were part of the Gothic king

1255:

border in May–June 430 by Bonifacius. Negotiations broke down, and Bonifacius was soundly defeated. Bonifacius subsequently barricaded himself inside Hippo Regius with the Vandals

3195: 915:

While the Hasdingian Vandals were already established in the Middle Danube for centuries, it is less clear where the Silingian Vandals had been living though it may have been in

3339: 2608: 5524:

Robert Kasperski, Ethnicity, ethnogenesis, and the Vandals: Some Remarks on a Theory of Emergence of the Barbarian Gens, „Acta Poloniae Historia” 112, 2015, pp. 201–242.

1709:. He granted it religious freedom; consequently, Catholic synods were once more held in North Africa. However, he had little interest in war, and left it to a family member, 1423:

offered his daughter's hand in marriage to Genseric's son. Before this treaty could be carried out, however, politics again played a crucial part in the blunders of Rome.

1813:). Some Vandal women married Byzantine soldiers and settled in north Algeria and Tunisia. The choicest Vandal warriors were formed into five cavalry regiments, known as 1609:, persecuted Trinitarian Christians to a greater or lesser extent, banning conversion for Vandals, exiling bishops and generally making life difficult for Trinitarians. 1845:, defected from the Byzantines and raised a rebellion with Moorish support. He was able to capture Carthage, but was assassinated by the Byzantines shortly afterwards. 2454: 1770: 3234: 943:

In 405 AD the Vandals advanced from Pannonia travelling west along the Danube without much difficulty, but when they reached the Rhine, they met resistance from the

645:

The Lugii, who were also mentioned in early classical sources in the same region, are likely to have been the same people as the Vandals. The Lugii are mentioned by

4668: 2853:, Mitteilungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Volkskunde 27, 1926, 20–41. "R. Much has brought forth a relatively convincing argument to show that the very name 670:

notes that "In all likelihood the Lugians and the Vandals were one cultic community that lived in the same region of the Oder in Silesia, where it was first under

1416:'s death, however, the Romans could afford to turn their attention back to the Vandals, who were in control of some of the richest lands of their former empire. 5460: 7952: 5444:

Pierre Courcelle: Histoire littéraire des grandes invasions germaniques. 3rd edition Paris 1964 (Collection des études Augustiniennes: Série antiquité, 19).

5574: 3718: 6826: 5447:

Roland Steinacher: Vandalen – Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. In: Hubert Cancik (Hrsg.): Der Neue Pauly, Stuttgart 2003, Band 15/3, S. 942–946,

3416: 1346:

centre of Carthage was the Byrsa Hill. New industrial centres emerged within towns during this period. Historian Andy Merrills uses the large amounts of

4208: 3456: 927:

In AD 278, Emperor Probus on defeating the Vandals and Burgundians, transferred many of them to Britain. It is unknown where they were settled, though

674:

and then under Germanic domination." This may account for the differentiation between the Celtic Lugii and their more Germanic successors the Vandals.

44: 2882: 7873: 5408: 1805:

in north Algeria) where they integrated themselves with the Berbers. Many others were put into imperial service or fled to the two Gothic kingdoms (

7891: 931:

seems to be a likely candidate. The city bears the name of the Silingi, is only one of six that existed in Roman Britain that did not survive the

2694: 1067:, where he was also proclaimed king of the Silingi Vandals. In 422, Gunderic decisively defeated a Roman-Suebi-Gothic coalition led by the Roman 765:, which resulted in widespread destruction and the first invasion of Italy in the Roman Empire period. During the Marcomannic Wars (166–180) the 8093: 1279:, who feared the consequences if her realm lost its most important source of grain. She raised a new army in Italy and convinced her nephew in 1752:

and nephew Gibamund fell in battle. Gelimer then lost heart and fled. Belisarius quickly took Carthage while the surviving Vandals fought on.

1543:, hacked them to pieces and threw the pieces overboard on the way to Carthage. In 469 the Vandals gained control of Sicily but were forced by 1131:

population, approximately 200,000 out of 6,000,000. Shortly after seizing the throne, Genseric was attacked from the rear by a large force of

5352: 5218: 5188: 5147: 5112: 5052: 5026: 5005: 4984: 4963: 4942: 4825: 4802: 4749: 4727: 4662: 4641: 4603: 4505: 4181: 4171: 3680: 2105: 1436: 1400:

During the next thirty-five years, with a large fleet, Genseric looted the coasts of the Eastern and Western Empires. Vandal activity in the

1793:

North Africa, comprising north Tunisia and eastern Algeria in the Vandal period, became a Roman province again, from which the Vandals were

1547:

to relinquish it in 477 except for the western port of Lilybaeum (lost in 491 after a failed attempt on their part to re-take the island).

2902: 3502: 5467: 3191: 3147: 3143: 3103: 3057: 3007: 2900:

Studien zur vandalischen Geschichte. Die Gleichsetzung der Ethnonyme Wenden, Slawen und Vandalen vom Mittelalter bis ins 18. Jahrhundert

6716: 5246: 5077: 4913: 4881: 4849: 4774: 3736: 3713: 3066: 1555:

high-denomination imperial money was retained, demonstrating in the words of Merrills "reluctance to usurp the imperial prerogative".

827: 784:

was obliged to protect the middle course of the Danube against Vandals. They made peace and stayed on the eastern bank of the Danube.

6972: 6759: 5518: 5491: 5480: 5452: 5420: 5401: 5390: 5380: 5330: 5315: 4585: 3827: 3572: 3163: 3133:

Vandals. Germanic people, perhaps originally from the Baltic region, who invaded Gaul in ad 406, and established a kingdom in Spain.

3119: 3079: 3033: 1222: 1193: 36: 5534: 3741: 3408: 2752: 2699: 2668: 2637: 1767:, second city of the Vandal Kingdom, and in 534 Gelimer surrendered to the Byzantine conqueror, ending the Kingdom of the Vandals. 1363:, and the eastern half of Numidia, and were confirmed in control of Proconsular Africa as well as the Vandal Kingdom as the first 1051:. The remainder of his people and the remnants of the Silingi, who were nearly wiped out, subsequently appealed to the Vandal king 5347:

Guido M. Berndt, Konflikt und Anpassung: Studien zu Migration und Ethnogenese der Vandalen (Historische Studien 489, Husum 2007),

3610:

Fulford, Michael (2000). "Human Remains from the North Gate, Silchester: An 'Early' and a 'Late' Radiocarbon Date from the City".

1078:. It is likely that many Roman and Gothic troops deserted to Gunderic following the battle. For the next five years, according to 8103: 7945: 6934: 5274: 3746: 3413: 2704: 2673: 2642: 1060: 419: 2494:

in Latin. The title was shortened to "King of Denmark" in 1972. Starting in 1540, Swedish kings (following Denmark) were styled

8118: 7896: 7104: 6450: 5567: 3020: 3916: 1744:

were able to land unopposed 10 miles (16 km) from Carthage. Gelimer quickly assembled an army, and met Belisarius at the

7886: 7154: 6959: 6819: 6388: 5605: 5358:

Hans-Joachim Diesner: Vandalen. In: Paulys Realencyclopädie der class. Altertumswissenschaft (RE Suppl. X, 1965), S. 957–992.

5238: 4953: 1248:. It is possible that Bonifacius had sought Genseric as an ally against Sigisvult, promising him a part of Africa in return. 1297:

Around July–August 431, Genseric raised the siege of Hippo Regius, which enabled Bonifacius to retreat from Hippo Regius to

715:

linguistic branch, like Gothic. The Goths left behind the only text corpus of the East Germanic language type, especially a

1661:(496–523), owing to his religious fanaticism, was hostile to Catholics, he contented himself with bloodless persecutions". 754:, who appear together with the Hasdingi. Only the Silingi had been mentioned in early Roman works, and are associated with 6302: 6296: 6184: 4090:

J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, Dover Vol. I. pp. 254, 258, 410 Library of Congress Catalog Number −58-11273

3231: 1198: 204: 7035: 6096: 4046: 3866: 1740:, Gelimer's brother, to Sardinia to deal with a rebellion. As a result, the armies of the Byzantine Empire commanded by 1519:. In 468 the Western and Eastern Roman empires launched an enormous expedition against the Vandals under the command of 5427: 1759:, some 20 miles (32 km) from Carthage. Again, the Vandals fought well but broke, this time when Gelimer's brother 7938: 7901: 6914: 4535: 4213: 3139: 1562:. Situated south of the Vandal kingdom, the Berbers inflicted two major defeats on the Vandals in the period 496–530. 1095: 125: 295: 3576: 7986: 7062: 6689: 5560: 5104: 4905: 4873: 4841: 1627:(477–484), who at first tolerated Catholics, owing to his fear of Constantinople, but after 482 began to persecute 1491: 1475: 4686:

History of the Later Roman Empire, from the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian (A.D. 395 to A.D. 565)

987:

Migrations of the Vandals from Scandinavia through Dacia, Gaul, Iberia, and into North Africa. Grey: Roman Empire.

7919: 7099: 7006: 6999: 6977: 6812: 6278: 1516: 1144: 4684: 24: 7139: 7124: 6939: 6924: 6740: 1838: 1310: 1128: 1068: 807:

delivered in 291, reported two different conflicts outside the empire wherein Burgundians were associated with

773:

as allies of Rome. However they eventually caused problems in Dacia and moved further south, towards the lower

299: 54: 3403: 2663: 1523:, which reportedly was composed of 100,000 soldiers and 1,000 ships. The Vandals defeated the invaders at the 7930: 1263:

and his priests prayed for relief from the invaders, knowing full well that the fall of the city would spell

8026: 8021: 7254: 7144: 7134: 7129: 6949: 6929: 6886: 4737: 4595: 4218: 3155: 3111: 3071: 3025: 2499: 2134: 1829:. He was also offered the rank of a patrician but had to refuse it because he was not willing to change his 1524: 1112: 712: 590: 497: 212: 20: 1675: 7656: 7089: 7084: 7067: 7011: 6906: 3453: 2529: 1687: 1047:(Southern France), crushed the Silingi Vandals in 417 and the Alans in 418, killing the western Alan king 524: 28: 6954: 6844: 5279: 3563:

Andrew H. Merrills, "Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa", 2004,

2110: 1653: 1619: 1256: 964: 884:(in about 330) granted them lands on the right bank of the Danube, they lived for the next sixty years. 881: 849: 145: 133: 82: 4255:, a great admirer of Leo quite willing to adjust a date or bend a point (Steven Muhlberger, "Prosper's 1463: 1206: 3600:

Archaeological Fieldwork and Opportunities Bulletin. Archaeological Institute of America. 2002. p. 63.

1721:

faction within the royal family led a revolt, raising the banner of national Arianism, and his cousin

1318:, to denote the inclusion of the Alans of northern Africa into his alliance. His forces also occupied 967:, probably while it was frozen, to invade Gaul, which they devastated terribly. Under Godigisel's son 8098: 8046: 7045: 7016: 6919: 5310:

Clover, Frank M: The Late Roman West and the Vandals. Aldershot 1993 (Collected studies series 401),

5139: 4712:

Conant, Jonathan (2004). "Literacy and Private Documentation in Vandal North Africa: The Case of the

4248: 2583: 1756: 1745: 1502: 1447: 1306: 1284: 1272: 935:

era, and appears to have been ritually cursed – likely by the Anglo-Saxons – before being abandoned.

742:

In the 2nd century, two or three distinct Vandal peoples came to the attention of Roman authors, the

734:(ruled 117–38), showing the location of the Vandilii East Germanic tribes, then inhabiting the upper 1570: 1122:

Genseric is often regarded by historians as the most able barbarian leader of the Migration Period.

8108: 8031: 8011: 7881: 7094: 6494: 6102: 5335: 5180: 2306: 1806: 1342: 1264: 956: 788: 259: 49:

various clothes and ornaments, both ancient and modern, diligently depicted in nature". Painted by

2963: 822:

Reconstruction of an Iron Age warrior's garments representing a Vandalic man, with his hair in a "

445:. However, modern scholars derive "Wend" from "Veneti", and do not equate the Veneti and Vandals. 8056: 7961: 7264: 7116: 7055: 6944: 6876: 6852: 5016: 3643: 3627: 3564: 2870: 2459: 1818: 1810: 1467: 1380: 1364: 1260: 897: 516: 236: 5094: 2924:"The Terms Wende-Winde, Wendisch-Windisch in the Historiographic Tradition of the Slovene Lands" 4973:

Merrills, Andy (2004). "Vandals, Romans and Berbers: Understanding Late Antique North Africa".

4792: 4717: 2899: 1550:

In the 470s, the Romans abandoned their policy of war against the Vandals. The Western general

1474:

In 456 a Vandal fleet of 60 ships threatening both Gaul and Italy was ambushed and defeated at

468:. The connection is considered tenuous at best and more plausibly the result of chance, though 8088: 8041: 7040: 6891: 6866: 6789: 6784: 6777: 6722: 6327: 5583: 5514: 5487: 5476: 5448: 5416: 5397: 5386: 5376: 5348: 5326: 5311: 5242: 5214: 5184: 5143: 5108: 5073: 5048: 5022: 5001: 4980: 4959: 4938: 4909: 4877: 4845: 4821: 4798: 4770: 4745: 4723: 4713: 4658: 4637: 4599: 4501: 4495: 4257: 4252: 4177: 3823: 3676: 3635: 3568: 3499: 3159: 3115: 3075: 3061: 3053: 3029: 2945: 2573: 2553: 2545: 2507: 2475: 2471: 1783: 1508: 1479: 1424: 1401: 1163: 1123: 1083: 1075: 996: 840: 708: 702: 683: 520: 461: 390: 375: 279: 161: 105: 78: 5466:

Anderen vom Mittelalter bis heute (Wiener Studien zur Skandinavistik 15, Wien 2006) 242–252.

2632: 2458:

The Vandals' traditional reputation: a coloured steel engraving of the Sack of Rome (455) by

8113: 8083: 7965: 7463: 6835: 6663: 5597: 5322: 4629: 3703:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

3619: 3588: 3011: 2935: 1728: 1710: 1347: 1327: 1148: 1099: 1087: 1016: 952: 889: 792: 762: 605: 578: 528: 473: 323: 248: 232: 177: 117: 66: 1385: 7996: 7072: 7050: 6994: 6964: 6848: 6194: 5593: 5431: 3506: 3460: 3238: 3099: 2906: 2511: 2467: 2436: 2007: 1706: 1432: 1428: 1420: 1352: 1334: 1116: 570: 552: 379: 191:

and Silingi Vandals who voluntarily subjected themselves to the rule of Hasdingian leader

5539: 5506: 5295: 3554:

The Barbarians: Warriors & Wars of the Dark Ages, Tim Newark (Blandford Press, 1985).

1367:

was officially recognized as an independent kingdom in former Roman territory instead of

769:(or Astingi), led by the kings Raus and Rapt (or Rhaus and Raptus) moved south, entering 4173:

Christianity in Roman Africa: The Development of Its Practices and Beliefs– Google Knihy

2756: 8051: 7746: 7530: 7194: 6881: 6618: 5486:

Walter Pohl: Die Völkerwanderung. Eroberung und Integration. Stuttgart 2002, S. 70–86,

5228: 5041: 4814: 3015: 2919: 2886: 2538:

Till Goths, and Vandals, a rude Northern race, / Did all the matchless Monuments deface

2515: 1695: 1431:

and claimed the Western throne. Petronius then forced Valentinian III's widow, empress

1413: 1280: 1276: 1189: 667: 663: 430: 343: 275: 208: 144:

and, fearing that they might be targeted next, the Vandals were also pushed westwards,

74: 50: 1642: 1539:

at Kenipolis with heavy losses. In retaliation, the Vandals took 500 hostages at

811:, and other Vandals, probably Hasdingi in the Carpathian region, were associated with 8077: 7607: 7505: 7468: 7428: 7294: 7023: 6982: 6648: 6606: 6564: 5439: 5268: 5036: 4930: 4555:

Dryden, John, "To Sir Godfrey Kneller", 1694. Dryden also wrote of Renaissance Italy

3709: 3704: 3003: 1725:(530–534) became king. Hilderic, Hoamer and their relatives were thrown into prison. 1393: 1287: 1028: 905: 457: 351: 271: 3647: 1217:(422–431 CE), who was defeated by the Vandals. Legends: DOMINUS NOSTRIS / CARTAGINE. 983: 795:

had defeated the Vandals and Burgundians near a river (sometimes proposed to be the

777:

area. Together with the Hasdingi were the Lacringi, who were possibly also Vandals.

370:, meaning 'water', based on the idea that the tribe was originally located near the 140:

from the east forced many Germanic tribes to migrate west into the territory of the

7199: 7189: 7172: 6989: 6642: 6630: 6624: 6600: 6594: 6528: 6176: 6114: 6082: 6022: 6010: 5873: 5829: 5361:

Hans-Joachim Diesner: Das Vandalenreich. Aufstieg und Untergang. Stuttgart 1966. 5.

5129: 3912: 2561: 2298: 1764: 1670: 1371:. The Empire retained western Numidia and the two Mauretanian provinces until 455. 1360: 1338: 1241: 1136: 823: 796: 716: 582: 493: 411: 240: 141: 86: 5415:, 1848. Reprinted 2006 (unabridged with editorial comments) Evolution Publishing, 4705:

The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600

4696:

The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600

1802: 5232: 5207: 5174: 5133: 5098: 5063: 4995: 4974: 4899: 4867: 4835: 4760: 4654:

A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic

4589: 3862: 1511:, it became important to the Roman Empire to destroy the Vandal kingdom. In 460, 900:, was described as being of Vandal descent. Vandals raided the Roman province of 418:

that the Vandalic kings were descended from Aurvandil (comparable to the case of

7681: 7639: 7562: 7475: 7343: 7333: 7244: 7028: 6771: 6671: 6636: 6582: 6570: 6552: 6540: 6516: 6270: 6016: 5980: 5920: 5861: 5364:

Helmut Castritius: Die Vandalen. Etappen einer Spurensuche. Stuttgart u.a. 2007.

2533: 2483: 1794: 1732: 1683: 1628: 1532: 1405: 1152: 659: 469: 426: 415: 403: 339: 255: 244: 235:. They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province, and 113: 2861:, University of California publications: Folklore studies, nr. 19, 1968, p. 53. 1055:

to accept the Alan crown. Later Vandal kings in North Africa styled themselves

726: 441:, which has been used for various Slavic-speaking groups and is still used for 7858: 7646: 7629: 7577: 7567: 7552: 7520: 7510: 7388: 7338: 7214: 7209: 7177: 6896: 6732: 6576: 6558: 6534: 6474: 6456: 6436: 6247: 6241: 6073: 5950: 5932: 5867: 5806: 5793: 5764: 5719: 5676: 5653: 5396:

L'Afrique vandale et Byzantine. Teil 2, Turnhout 2003 (Antiquité Tardive 11),

5385:

L'Afrique vandale et Byzantine. Teil 1. Turnhout 2002 (Antiquité Tardive 10),

4694:

Cameron, Averil (2000). "The Vandal conquest and Vandal rule (A.D. 429–534)".

3230:"The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy", Book II, Chapter 10: "Greater Germany"". 2479: 2293: 2284: 2268: 1893: 1887: 1741: 1679: 1658: 1634: 1520: 1495: 1451: 1229: 1211: 1044: 928: 909: 861: 857: 465: 434: 4316:

J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, 1958 edition, pp. 254, 327, 410

4042: 2949: 2695:"History of Europe: Barbarian migrations and invasions: The Germans and Huns" 1527:, capturing the Western fleet, and destroying the Eastern through the use of 7981: 7976: 7853: 7848: 7838: 7771: 7676: 7572: 7535: 7525: 7485: 7438: 7433: 7383: 7323: 7249: 7239: 7219: 7182: 7167: 6612: 6588: 6430: 6400: 6382: 6370: 6217: 6199: 6120: 6108: 6052: 5944: 5885: 5820: 5801: 5783: 5775: 5424: 4633: 4529: 3988: 3984: 3955: 3951: 2557: 2523: 2449: 1945: 1863: 1842: 1638: 1540: 1528: 1368: 1237: 1171: 1140: 1040: 1036: 1024: 1004: 972: 932: 800: 690: 609: 398: 331: 267: 263: 184: 173: 3639: 2940: 2923: 1355:

secured peace with the Vandals in 442. Under the treaty the Vandals gained

1043:, who invaded Iberia on the orders of the Romans before receiving lands in 544: 4976:

Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa

4794:

Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa

4719:

Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa

1825:

states that "Gelimer was honourably treated and received large estates in

8036: 7826: 7811: 7791: 7776: 7756: 7731: 7716: 7711: 7691: 7661: 7651: 7602: 7592: 7587: 7418: 7403: 7378: 7358: 7328: 7318: 7313: 7284: 7279: 7269: 7204: 7162: 6871: 6699: 6681: 6522: 6510: 6442: 6424: 6418: 6406: 6394: 6376: 6346: 6288: 6253: 6229: 6223: 6189: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5897: 5837: 5729: 5724: 5692: 5686: 5642: 5618: 4766: 4251:

account of the event was followed by his continuator in the 6th century,

2487: 2259: 2034: 2025: 1899: 1875: 1869: 1830: 1787: 1718: 1702: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1589: 1581: 1576: 1512: 1487: 1440: 1356: 1319: 1298: 1245: 1156: 1108: 1091: 1079: 1071: 1052: 1000: 992: 968: 893: 877: 852:. At the time, these Vandals were living in lands later inhabited by the 835: 808: 804: 781: 766: 751: 747: 625: 548:

Germanic and Proto-Slavic tribes of Central Europe around 3rd century BC.

505: 485: 406:

to mean 'Shining Vandal'. Much forwarded the theory that the tribal name

371: 311: 224: 200: 192: 165: 157: 121: 1641:

which was lost in 491 and had to withstand increasing pressure from the

1251:

Advancing eastwards along the coast, the Vandals were confronted on the

1119:(Mérida), the see city of Roman administration for the whole peninsula. 8016: 7991: 7843: 7831: 7796: 7786: 7781: 7761: 7751: 7726: 7666: 7624: 7597: 7515: 7448: 7443: 7423: 7413: 7368: 7363: 7353: 7348: 7289: 7274: 7224: 6764: 6546: 6504: 6468: 6462: 6364: 6358: 6352: 6340: 6334: 6259: 6235: 6143: 6137: 6090: 6046: 6040: 5974: 5938: 5926: 5914: 5891: 5849: 5843: 5745: 5739: 5632: 5166:

Religiões da Lusitania na parte que principalmente se refere a Portugal

5069: 2964:"Vandali (Vandals) (Germans): Incorporating the Asdingas & Silingi" 2409: 2400: 2117: 1928: 1905: 1881: 1857: 1826: 1749: 1722: 1691: 1624: 1593: 1559: 1551: 1544: 1536: 1486:. In 457 a mixed Vandal-Berber army returning with loot from a raid in 1483: 1323: 1252: 1103: 1064: 1059:("King of the Vandals and Alans"). In 419 AD the Hasdingi Vandals were 1048: 1012: 1008: 963:

they managed to defeat the Franks, and on December 31, 405 the Vandals

916: 873: 869: 856:, where they were surrounded "on the east the Goths, on the west the 755: 743: 735: 731: 654: 650: 621: 594: 453: 220: 169: 101: 97: 3822:

Late Roman Spain and its Cities, Michael Kulikowsi, 2004, pp. 173-180

3631: 799:, and sent many of them to Britain. During this same period, the 11th 366:), meaning 'to wind'. Alternatively, it has been derived from a root * 8001: 7863: 7816: 7801: 7766: 7741: 7706: 7701: 7634: 7619: 7557: 7495: 7480: 7458: 7408: 7398: 7393: 7306: 7301: 7259: 7229: 6751: 6485: 6412: 6314: 6308: 6155: 6149: 5855: 1798: 1779: 1494:

in a surprise attack by Western Emperor Majorian at the mouth of the

1228:

According to Procopius, the Vandals came to Africa at the request of

944: 901: 865: 853: 812: 774: 646: 586: 449: 303: 216: 70: 5552: 4628:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 32. pp. 537–569. 4621: 1515:

launched an expedition against the Vandals, but was defeated at the

628:, who were Suebians living on the Elbe, and stretching to the Oder. 6804: 5267: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 3623: 1821:

frontier. Some entered the private service of Belisarius. The 1913

955:, around 20,000 Vandals, including Godigisel himself, died in this 350:. The etymology of the name remains unclear. According to linguist 7736: 7721: 7696: 7686: 7671: 7614: 7582: 7547: 7542: 7500: 7490: 7373: 7234: 7077: 6708: 6320: 6034: 6028: 6004: 5879: 5756: 5711: 5436:

Ludwig Schmidt: Geschichte der Wandalen. 2. Auflage, München 1942.

3675:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 94–95. 2549: 2503: 2490:

in modern Germany. The title "King of the Wends" is translated as

2453: 2427: 1769: 1760: 1737: 1714: 1674: 1645: 1569: 1384: 1315: 1291: 1233: 1205: 1197: 1175:) is derived from the Arabic adoption of the name of the Vandals. 1132: 1032: 1020: 982: 960: 845: 817: 770: 725: 671: 640: 613: 557: 551: 543: 501: 442: 438: 289: 228: 196: 188: 149: 129: 109: 35: 2789:

Contrasting articles in Frank M. Clover and R.S. Humphreys, eds,

2426:

All Vandals that modern historians know about were able to speak

1755:

On December 15, 533, Gelimer and Belisarius clashed again at the

971:, the Vandals plundered their way westward and southward through 8006: 7806: 7453: 6161: 6058: 5344:

F. Papencordt's Geschichte der vandalischen Herrschaft in Afrika

4239:

Ralph W. Mathisen, Petronius Maximus (17 March 455 - 22 May 455)

948: 556:

Tribes of Central Europe in the mid-1st century AD. The Vandals/

195:. Gunderic was then pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman- 156:

along with other tribes in 406. In 409, the Vandals crossed the

153: 137: 93: 7934: 6808: 5556: 5543: 4557:

reviving from the trance/Of Vandal, Goth and Monkish ignorance.

1450:

offers the only fifth-century report that, on 2 June 455, Pope

1419:

In an effort to bring the Vandals into the fold of the Empire,

4707:. Vol. XIV. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–126. 4698:. Vol. XIV. Cambridge University Press. pp. 553–559. 4300: 4298: 3591:, "Wandalowie i ich afrykańskie państwo" p. 59, Warszawa 1992. 1834: 1748:; the Vandals were winning the battle until Gelimer's brother 472:

is considered the probable homeland of the tribe prior to the

5509:: Les Maures et l'Afrique romaine. 4e.-7e. siècle. Rom 2003 ( 3673:

Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire

2859:

The divine twins: an Indo-European myth in Germanic tradition

2803: 2801: 2799: 947:, who populated and controlled Romanized regions in northern 132:

around 330 AD, where they received permission to settle from

5021:. Vol. 2. University of California Press. p. 281. 4622:"Hidden Tracks: On the Vandal's Paths to an African Kingdom" 2514:

dropped the title in 1973 and now styles himself simply as "

53:

in the second half of the 16th century and preserved in the

4762:

Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation

1531:. Following up the attack, the Vandals tried to invade the 1470:

and tribes after the end of the Western Roman Empire in 476

577:

in a broad way to define one of the major groupings of all

624:

who were later counted as Vandals, as living south of the

389:, both literally meaning 'Vandal-sea' and designating the 19:"Vandal" and "Vandali" redirect here. For other uses, see 5307:

Christian Courtois: Les Vandales et l'Afrique. Paris 1955

1507:

As a result of the Vandal sack of Rome and piracy in the

4791:

George, Judith (2004). "Vandal Poets in their Context".

4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4170:

Patout Burns, J.; Jensen, Robin M. (November 30, 2014).

3214: 3212: 2857:

reflects the worship of the Divine Twins." Donald Ward,

1705:(523–530) was the Vandal king most tolerant towards the 40:

Vandalic gold foil jewellery from the 3rd or 4th century

5511:

Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome

2552:, to describe the destruction of artwork following the 429:

authors equated two classical ethnonyms, "Vandals" and

5299: 4534:. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söner. p. 188. 2818: 2816: 2579:

Timeline of Germanic kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula

876:

was killed. The Vandals then migrated to neighbouring

581:. Tribes within this category who he mentions are the 448:

The name of the Vandals has been connected to that of

104:

from around 120 BC. They are associated with the

4816:

Deep into Mani: Journey to the Southern Tip of Greece

2466:

Since the Middle Ages, kings of Denmark were styled "

1202:

The Vandal Kingdom at its greatest extent in the 470s

4304: 1221:

The Vandals under Genseric (also known as Geiseric)

560:

are depicted in green, in the area of modern Poland.

7872: 7153: 7115: 6905: 6859: 6750: 6731: 6707: 6698: 6680: 6662: 6493: 6484: 6287: 6269: 6208: 6175: 6130: 6081: 6072: 5907: 5828: 5819: 5792: 5774: 5755: 5710: 5652: 5617: 4952:Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q., eds. (1997). 1682:may be this bearded figure on the right of Emperor 1082:, Gunderic created widespread havoc in the western 1063:by a joint Roman-Suebi coalition. Gunderic fled to 358:('turned, twisted'), itself derived from the verb * 92:The Vandals migrated to the area between the lower 5283:. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5206: 5040: 4813: 2560:" groups had long been blamed for the fall of the 1694:, which celebrates the reconquest of Italy by the 887:In the late 4th century and early 5th, the famous 484:As the Vandals eventually came to live outside of 262:writers characterized the Vandals as prototypical 5375:, Volume 2 of Baker History of the Church, 2005, 4812:Greenhalgh, P. A. L.; Eliopoulos, Edward (1985), 4703:Collins, Roger (2000). "Vandal Africa, 429–533". 3863:"Breve historia del reino suevo de Gallaecia (1)" 868:)." The Vandals were attacked by the Gothic king 460:of Swedish prehistory, corresponding to the late 354:, it may stem from the Proto-Germanic adjective * 254:As the Vandals plundered Rome for fourteen days, 187:invaded Iberia in 418. They almost wiped out the 4390: 4388: 1333:The impression given by ancient sources such as 951:. According to the Frigeridus fragment cited by 711:itself, but it is believed to be of the extinct 4153: 4151: 1763:fell in battle. Belisarius quickly advanced to 904:in the winter of 401/402. From this, historian 128:, the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the 100:rivers in the second century BC and settled in 4405: 4403: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 3935: 3933: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 2970:. English Place-name Society. 31 December 1999 2839:. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. p. 487. 896:(died 408), the chief minister of the Emperor 508:(early Scandinavians), were counted among the 7946: 6820: 5568: 4568: 4066: 4010: 3856: 3854: 3810: 3798: 3529: 3471: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3150:; Singleton, Charles; Jones, Spencer (eds.). 8: 3722:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3390: 3302: 3108:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology 2735: 1713:. When Hoamer suffered a defeat against the 569:The earliest mention of the Vandals is from 294:Neck ring with plug clasp from the Vandalic 6851:origin primarily identified as speakers of 5325:-Schloss Bevern ... Nordstemmen 2003. 5296:"Vandals Exhibit Sacks Some Cultural Myths" 5065:Defending Rome: The Masters of the Soldiers 4935:The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History 4531:Sweden: Historical and statistical handbook 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 3731: 3729: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 1698:under the skillful leadership of Belisarius 844:, the Hasdingi came into conflict with the 378:in Denmark). The stem can also be found in 247:'s forces reconquered the province for the 7953: 7939: 7931: 6827: 6813: 6805: 6704: 6490: 6078: 5825: 5771: 5575: 5561: 5553: 5540: 3482: 3480: 3286: 3284: 2791:Tradition and Innovation in Late Antiquity 1584:. Legends: D N HILDIRIX REX / KARTG FELIX. 1404:was so substantial that the sea's name in 5234:The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples 4494:Norman Berdichevsky (21 September 2011). 3845: 2939: 2883:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 1290:, to send an army to North Africa led by 456:, Sweden, which is also eponymous of the 108:and were possibly the same people as the 69:who first inhabited what is now southern 5409:Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope 5173:Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). 4797:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 133–144. 4722:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 199–224. 4657:. Vol. 1. Year Books. p. 410. 4337: 4123: 4111: 4029: 3363: 3275: 3152:The Oxford Companion to Military History 2807: 1462: 43: 7892:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England 6297:List of legendary kings of the Lombards 4994:Merrills, Andy; Miles, Richard (2010). 4742:Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch 4445: 4409: 4379: 4368: 4349: 4289: 4277: 4157: 4142: 4099: 4078: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3993: 3972: 3960: 3939: 3887: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3775: 3517: 3486: 3374: 3372: 3290: 2988: 2777: 2600: 1596:subjects (including both Catholics and 717:4th-century translation of the Gospels. 239:in 455. Their kingdom collapsed in the 203:(reigned 428–477), the Vandals entered 5545:Articles and topics related to Vandals 4481: 4469: 4457: 4176:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 3218: 5535:Kingdom of the Vandals – location map 4955:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 4901:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P–Z 4869:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O 4837:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A–E 3899: 2746: 2744: 2408: 2406: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2359: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2304: 2302: 2292: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2267: 2265: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2210: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2116: 2104: 2078: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2044: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2005: 1987: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 410:reflects worship of Aurvandil or the 199:coalition in 419. In 429, under king 7: 6785:List of legendary kings of the Geats 4433: 4421: 4394: 4325: 3378: 2822: 2496:Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex 991:On October 13, 409 they crossed the 396:The Germanic mythological figure of 4559:("To the Earl of Roscommon", 1680). 3737:"Spain: Visigothic Spain to c. 500" 2835:Corazza, Vittoria Dolcetti (1986). 1913:Family tree of the kings of Vandals 1086:. In 425, the Vandals pillaged the 912:' invasion of Italy in 405–406 AD. 266:. This led to the use of the term " 6717:List of legendary kings of Denmark 3067:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 1412:(i. e. Sea of the Vandals). After 1003:received land from the Romans, as 780:In about 271 AD the Roman Emperor 761:These peoples appeared during the 722:Introduction into the Roman Empire 620:Ptolemy furthermore mentioned the 274:, in the transitional period from 14: 6760:List of legendary kings of Sweden 5474:History of the Vandal Persecution 5277:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 5168:. Vol. 3. Imprensa Nacional. 5164:Vasconcellos, José Leite (1913). 4497:An Introduction to Danish Culture 4268:.3 (July 1986), pp 240–244). 3177:Vandals were a Germanic people... 1194:Vandalic conquest of Roman Africa 183:On the orders of the Romans, the 7915: 7914: 5499:Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte 5262: 5176:Encyclopedia of European Peoples 5043:A Handbook of Germanic Etymology 4305:Greenhalgh & Eliopoulos 1985 4261:: was there an edition of 443?" 3696: 959:, but then with the help of the 420:many other Germanic tribal names 7897:Christianization of Scandinavia 5018:Ancient Civilizations of Africa 4538:from the original on 2013-05-26 4190:from the original on 2016-12-26 4049:from the original on 2017-10-20 3919:from the original on 2017-08-10 3869:from the original on 2012-01-07 3419:from the original on 2013-08-28 3198:from the original on 2013-05-30 3021:The Oxford Classical Dictionary 2968:Kingdoms of the Germanic Tribes 2710:from the original on 2014-07-14 828:Archaeological Museum of Kraków 707:Very little is known about the 7887:Christianization of the Franks 6960:Continental Germanic mythology 5340:Byzantium: The Early Centuries 5239:University of California Press 3865:(in Spanish). Celtiberia.net. 3766:Vasconcellos 1913, p. 551 3742:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3409:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2755:. Roman Empire. Archived from 2700:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2669:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2638:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2478:", the Wends being a group of 1535:, but were driven back by the 864:and on the south the Hister ( 1: 8094:5th century in sub-Roman Gaul 5733: 5700: 5696: 5680: 5667: 5663: 5658: 5636: 5623: 5609: 5601: 3747:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 3414:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 3047:Vandals, a Germanic people... 2705:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2674:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2643:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1482:by the Western Roman general 1027:(West) and the region around 693:and occasionally inhumation. 593:(otherwise unknown), and the 23:. For more information about 5301:International Herald Tribune 3093:Vandals... a Germanic people 1853:Known kings of the Vandals: 1159:River while trying to flee. 452:, the name of a province in 243:of 533–34, in which Emperor 25:vandalism on Knowledge (XXG) 7902:Christianization of Iceland 4759:Frassetto, Michael (2003). 4683:Bury, John Bagnell (1923). 4651:Burke, Ulick Ralph (1900). 4214:Online Etymology Dictionary 3861:Cossue (28 November 2005). 2564:by writers and historians. 1566:Domestic religious tensions 1267:for many Roman Christians. 527:, they are classified as a 488:, they were not considered 136:. Around 400, raids by the 126:Crisis of the Third Century 8137: 6690:List of monarchs of Frisia 5273:Löffler, Klemens (1912). " 5105:Cambridge University Press 4906:Greenwood Publishing Group 4874:Greenwood Publishing Group 4842:Greenwood Publishing Group 4689:. Vol. II. Macmillan. 4624:. In Curta, Florin (ed.). 4500:. McFarland. p. 163. 3404:"Germany: Ancient History" 2447: 1668: 1500: 1378: 1187: 1057:Rex Wandalorum et Alanorum 700: 681: 638: 515:Since the Vandals spoke a 18: 7972: 7910: 6842: 6279:List of kings of Burgundy 5590: 5550: 5373:Christians and Barbarians 5100:Our Forefathers, Volume 2 5062:Reynolds, Julian (2011). 5000:. John Wiley & Sons. 4620:Berndt, Guido M. (2010). 4569:Merrills & Miles 2010 4067:Merrills & Miles 2010 4011:Merrills & Miles 2010 3811:Merrills & Miles 2010 3799:Merrills & Miles 2010 3530:Merrills & Miles 2010 3472:Merrills & Miles 2010 3441:Merrills & Miles 2010 2369: 2367: 2365: 2357: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2315: 2290: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2188: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2158: 2156: 2142: 2114: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2076: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2048: 2046: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1985: 1981: 1979: 1977: 496:authors. Neither another 29:Knowledge (XXG):Vandalism 7140:North Germanic languages 7125:Germanic parent language 6741:Petty kingdoms of Norway 4958:. Taylor & Francis. 4744:(1977 ed.). Brill. 3902:, p. 410 (Volume 1) 3890:, p. 281 (Volume 2) 3671:Goffart, Walter (2006). 3391:Mallory & Adams 1997 3303:Waldman & Mason 2006 2753:"History of the Vandals" 2736:Waldman & Mason 2006 1932:king of Hasdingi Vandals 1588:Differences between the 1223:crossed to Africa in 429 1162:It is possible that the 1139:who had managed to take 1035:also controlled part of 414:, possibly involving an 402:has been interpreted by 300:Kunsthistorisches Museum 296:Treasure of Osztrópataka 213:Roman province of Africa 180:(south-central Iberia). 55:Ghent University Library 8104:5th century in Hispania 7964:established around the 7145:West Germanic languages 7135:East Germanic languages 7130:Proto-Germanic language 6950:Proto-Germanic folklore 6887:Romano-Germanic culture 5596:(ca. 3,000 BC–500 AD), 5304:, August 25, 2001. 5209:The Inheritance of Rome 5205:Wickham, Chris (2009). 4634:10.1484/M.SEM-EB.3.5097 4596:Bristol Classical Press 3719:Encyclopædia Britannica 3333:"Land and People, p.25" 3156:Oxford University Press 3112:Oxford University Press 3072:Oxford University Press 3026:Oxford University Press 2462:(1824–1904), c. 1860–80 1797:. Many Vandals went to 1179:Kingdom in North Africa 730:The Roman empire under 565:Early classical sources 346:form reconstructed as * 237:sacked the city of Rome 176:(northwest Iberia) and 21:Vandal (disambiguation) 8119:Early Germanic peoples 5413:The Life of Belisarius 4979:. Ashgate Publishing. 4898:Jaques, Tony (2007c). 4866:Jaques, Tony (2007b). 4834:Jaques, Tony (2007a). 3192:"Natural History 4.28" 2941:10.7152/ssj.v12i1.3797 2544:was coined in 1794 by 2463: 2404:king of Vandals, Alans 2288:king of Vandals, Alans 2272:king of Vandals, Alans 2263:king of Vandals, Alans 2121:king of Vandals, Alans 2038:king of Vandals, Alans 2029:king of Vandals, Alans 1790: 1699: 1651:According to the 1913 1617:According to the 1913 1585: 1471: 1397: 1218: 1203: 1143:. This Suebi army was 1111:, who although he was 988: 831: 791:reported that emperor 739: 600:Tacitus mentioned the 561: 549: 525:early Germanic culture 437:, leading to the term 433:, and applied both to 342:, all going back to a 307: 89:in the fifth century. 58: 41: 6955:Anglo-Saxon mythology 6845:Ethnolinguistic group 6767:(9th–12th centuries) 5604:300–538 AD), and the 5280:Catholic Encyclopedia 5140:John Wiley & Sons 4528:J. Guinchard (1914). 3345:on September 26, 2007 3322:, p.298, footnote 47. 3062:Kazhdan, Alexander P. 3014:; Spawforth, Antony; 2457: 2448:Further information: 2111:Valentinianic dynasty 1823:Catholic Encyclopedia 1773: 1686:in the mosaic in the 1678: 1654:Catholic Encyclopedia 1620:Catholic Encyclopedia 1573: 1466: 1388: 1285:Eastern Roman Emperor 1209: 1201: 1135:under the command of 986: 882:Constantine the Great 850:Constantine the Great 821: 729: 555: 547: 500:-speaking group, the 293: 209:established a kingdom 134:Constantine the Great 83:Mediterranean islands 47: 39: 8022:Kingdom of the Aurès 7982:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms 6719:(7th–10th centuries) 4626:Neglected Barbarians 2584:Vandal War (439-442) 1757:Battle of Tricamarum 1746:Battle of Ad Decimum 1688:Church of San Vitale 1503:Vandal War (461-468) 1448:Prosper of Aquitaine 1307:Africa Proconsularis 1273:Western Roman Empire 1240:, who captured both 1169:(and its derivative 1011:(Northwest) and the 860:, on the north the 573:, who used the term 531:by modern scholars. 249:Eastern Roman Empire 8032:Ostrogothic kingdom 7882:Gothic Christianity 6305:(5th-6th centuries) 6299:(3rd-4th centuries) 6103:Theodoric the Great 5336:John Julius Norwich 5181:Infobase Publishing 5070:Xlibris Corporation 5015:Mokhtar, G (1981). 4820:, Faber and Faber, 4263:Classical Philology 3393:, pp. 217, 301 3004:Heather, Peter John 2898:Roland Steinacher " 2837:Il mare dei Germani 2810:, pp. 653–654. 2482:formerly living in 2307:Theodoric the Great 1817:, stationed on the 1807:Ostrogothic Kingdom 1774:Vandal cavalryman, 1517:Battle of Cartagena 1343:Fulgentius of Ruspe 1265:conversion or death 1019:(South), while the 957:Vandal-Frankish war 848:around the time of 750:, and possibly the 211:which included the 73:. They established 16:East Germanic tribe 8057:Visigothic kingdom 8017:Kingdom of Odoacer 7987:Burgundian kingdom 7977:Alamannian kingdom 7962:Barbarian kingdoms 7265:Germani cisrhenani 6973:Funerary practices 6877:Pre-Roman Iron Age 6853:Germanic languages 5430:2015-06-07 at the 5367:Ivor J. Davidson, 4484:, pp. 138–139 4460:, pp. 199–200 4436:, pp. 124–150 4424:, pp. 133–135 4352:, pp. 125–126 4102:, pp. 553–554 4081:, pp. 124–125 4032:, pp. 130–131 3975:, pp. 197–198 3565:Ashgate Publishing 3505:2013-11-05 at the 3459:2021-02-21 at the 3237:2022-11-02 at the 3054:Hitchner, R. Bruce 2905:2007-01-19 at the 2871:Annales Alamannici 2851:Wandalische Götter 2738:, pp. 821–825 2664:"Germanic peoples" 2464: 2460:Heinrich Leutemann 2310:king of Ostrogoths 2011:West Roman Emperor 1815:Vandali Iustiniani 1811:Visigothic Kingdom 1791: 1700: 1592:Vandals and their 1586: 1472: 1468:Barbarian kingdoms 1398: 1381:Sack of Rome (455) 1259:the city. Inside, 1219: 1204: 989: 832: 740: 562: 550: 523:) and belonged to 464:leading up to the 308: 59: 42: 8071: 8070: 8065: 8064: 8042:Sub-Roman Britain 8012:Kingdom of Altava 7928: 7927: 7100:Gothic and Vandal 6892:Germanic Iron Age 6867:Nordic Bronze Age 6849:Northern European 6802: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6790:King of the Goths 6743:(6th–9th century) 6723:King of the Wends 6658: 6657: 6171: 6170: 6068: 6067: 5815: 5814: 5606:Germanic Iron Age 5584:Germanic monarchs 5353:978-3-7868-1489-4 5220:978-0-670-02098-0 5213:. Penguin Books. 5190:978-1-4381-2918-1 5149:978-1-4051-3756-0 5135:The Early Germans 5114:978-1-107-67723-4 5054:978-90-04-12875-0 5037:Orel, Vladimir E. 5028:978-0-520-06697-7 5007:978-1-4051-6068-1 4986:978-0-7546-4145-2 4965:978-1-884964-98-5 4944:978-0-333-98914-2 4827:978-0-571-13523-3 4804:978-0-7546-4145-2 4751:978-90-04-05436-3 4729:978-0-7546-4145-2 4714:Albertini Tablets 4664:978-1-4437-4054-8 4643:978-2-503-53125-0 4605:978-1-85399-503-3 4507:978-0-7864-6401-2 4258:Epitoma Chronicon 4253:Victor of Tunnuna 4183:978-0-8028-6931-9 3682:978-0-8122-3939-3 3318:, p.23; Goffart, 3012:Hornblower, Simon 2574:Migrations period 2554:French Revolution 2419: 2418: 1525:Battle of Cap Bon 1425:Petronius Maximus 1365:barbarian kingdom 1124:Michael Frassetto 1076:Battle of Tarraco 997:Iberian peninsula 965:crossed the Rhine 872:, and their king 709:Vandalic language 703:Vandalic language 684:Przeworsk culture 678:Przeworsk culture 517:Germanic language 462:Germanic Iron Age 391:Mediterranean Sea 298:displayed at the 280:Early Middle Ages 162:Iberian Peninsula 112:. Expanding into 106:Przeworsk culture 79:Iberian Peninsula 8126: 7992:Frankish kingdom 7966:Migration Period 7955: 7948: 7941: 7932: 7918: 7917: 7874:Christianization 7464:Ripuarian Franks 6836:Germanic peoples 6829: 6822: 6815: 6806: 6705: 6491: 6079: 5826: 5772: 5735: 5702: 5698: 5682: 5669: 5665: 5660: 5638: 5625: 5611: 5603: 5598:Migration Period 5577: 5570: 5563: 5554: 5541: 5503: 5472:Victor of Vita, 5323:Weserrenaissance 5284: 5266: 5265: 5252: 5224: 5212: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5169: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5095:Schütte, Gudmund 5090: 5088: 5086: 5058: 5046: 5032: 5011: 4990: 4969: 4948: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4830: 4819: 4808: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4755: 4733: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4667:. Archived from 4647: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4398: 4392: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4366: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4340:, pp. 11–12 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4217:. Archived from 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4146: 4140: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4014: 4013:, pp. 53–55 4008: 3997: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3858: 3849: 3843: 3830: 3820: 3814: 3813:, pp. 49–50 3808: 3802: 3796: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3733: 3724: 3723: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3592: 3589:Jerzy Strzelczyk 3586: 3580: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3546: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3496: 3490: 3489:, pp. 50–54 3484: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3367: 3366:, pp. 32–33 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3344: 3338:. Archived from 3337: 3329: 3323: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3260: 3254: 3249:Walter Goffart, 3247: 3241: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3203: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3174: 3172: 3140:Bennett, Matthew 3135: 3130: 3128: 3100:Darvill, Timothy 3095: 3090: 3088: 3049: 3044: 3042: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2943: 2916: 2910: 2896: 2890: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2811: 2805: 2794: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2759:on June 23, 2017 2748: 2739: 2733: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2605: 2521:The modern term 1917: 1916: 1631:and Catholics." 1580:of the reign of 1390:The Sack of Rome 1348:African Red Slip 1328:Balearic Islands 1088:Balearic Islands 1017:Hispania Baetica 953:Gregory of Tours 890:magister militum 763:Marcomannic Wars 738:region (Poland). 579:Germanic peoples 474:Migration Period 385:and Old English 233:Balearic Islands 118:Marcomannic Wars 8136: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8123: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8047:Suebian kingdom 8027:Lombard kingdom 7997:Frisian kingdom 7968: 7959: 7929: 7924: 7906: 7868: 7149: 7111: 7073:Gothic alphabet 6965:Norse mythology 6901: 6855: 6838: 6833: 6803: 6794: 6746: 6727: 6694: 6676: 6654: 6497: 6480: 6303:Lething Dynasty 6283: 6265: 6204: 6167: 6126: 6064: 5903: 5811: 5788: 5770: 5751: 5706: 5662: 5656: 5648: 5621: 5613: 5586: 5581: 5546: 5531: 5501: 5432:Wayback Machine 5291: 5289:Further reading 5272: 5263: 5249: 5229:Wolfram, Herwig 5227: 5221: 5204: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5172: 5163: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5128: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5093: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5061: 5055: 5035: 5029: 5014: 5008: 4993: 4987: 4972: 4966: 4951: 4945: 4929: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4897: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4865: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4833: 4828: 4811: 4805: 4790: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4758: 4752: 4736: 4730: 4711: 4702: 4693: 4682: 4674: 4672: 4665: 4650: 4644: 4619: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4584: 4581: 4576: 4575: 4571:, pp. 9–10 4567: 4563: 4554: 4550: 4541: 4539: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4456: 4452: 4444: 4440: 4432: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4408: 4401: 4393: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4367: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4303: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4209:"Mediterranean" 4207: 4206: 4202: 4193: 4191: 4184: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4149: 4141: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4052: 4050: 4043:"Newadvent.org" 4041: 4040: 4036: 4028: 4017: 4009: 4000: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3931: 3922: 3920: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3860: 3859: 3852: 3844: 3833: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3735: 3734: 3727: 3712:, ed. (1911). " 3708: 3697: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3543:Barbarian Tides 3540: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3507:Wayback Machine 3497: 3493: 3485: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3461:Wayback Machine 3451: 3447: 3439: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3320:Barbarian Tides 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3261: 3257: 3251:Barbarian Tides 3248: 3244: 3239:Wayback Machine 3229: 3225: 3217: 3210: 3201: 3199: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3148:Holmes, Richard 3138: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3098: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3052: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3016:Eidinow, Esther 3002: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2928:Slovene Studies 2920:Lenček, Rado L. 2918: 2917: 2913: 2907:Wayback Machine 2897: 2893: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2814: 2806: 2797: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2762: 2760: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2734: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2617: 2615: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2570: 2512:Carl XVI Gustaf 2468:King of Denmark 2452: 2446: 2437:Latin Anthology 2424: 2412: 2403: 2309: 2297: 2287: 2278: 2271: 2262: 2137: 2120: 2109: 2037: 2028: 2010: 2008:Valentinian III 1949:king of Vandals 1948: 1931: 1915: 1851: 1778:AD 500, from a 1707:Catholic Church 1673: 1667: 1615: 1568: 1505: 1461: 1446:The chronicler 1433:Licinia Eudoxia 1429:Valentinian III 1421:Valentinian III 1383: 1377: 1353:Valentinian III 1261:Saint Augustine 1196: 1188:Main articles: 1186: 1181: 1155:drowned in the 1151:and its leader 1117:Emerita Augusta 981: 941: 925: 880:, where, after 724: 705: 699: 686: 680: 658:not the Lugii. 643: 637: 571:Pliny the Elder 567: 542: 537: 529:Germanic people 512:by the Romans. 482: 380:Old High German 314:is attested as 288: 75:Vandal kingdoms 67:Germanic people 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8134: 8133: 8130: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8076: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8054: 8052:Vandal kingdom 8049: 8044: 8039: 8037:Rugian kingdom 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7950: 7943: 7935: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7878: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7829: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7531:Thracian Goths 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7159: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7121: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7087: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7038: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7004: 7003: 7002: 6997: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6911: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6882:Roman Iron Age 6879: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6809: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6778:House of Munsö 6775: 6762: 6756: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6737: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6713: 6711: 6702: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6692: 6686: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6619:Childebert III 6616: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6501: 6499: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6454: 6448: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6362: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6293: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6214: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6134: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6118: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6087: 6085: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5834: 5832: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5769: 5768: 5761: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5690: 5684: 5673: 5671: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5640: 5629: 5627: 5615: 5614: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5529:External links 5527: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5504: 5495: 5484: 5483:. Written 484. 5470: 5463: 5456: 5445: 5442: 5437: 5434: 5405: 5394: 5383: 5371:, Chapter 11, 5369:A Public Faith 5365: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5345: 5342: 5333: 5318: 5308: 5305: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5285: 5254: 5253: 5248:978-0520085114 5247: 5225: 5219: 5202: 5189: 5170: 5161: 5148: 5126: 5113: 5091: 5079:978-1477164600 5078: 5059: 5053: 5033: 5027: 5012: 5006: 4991: 4985: 4970: 4964: 4949: 4943: 4931:Heather, Peter 4927: 4915:978-0313335396 4914: 4895: 4883:978-0313335389 4882: 4863: 4851:978-0313335372 4850: 4831: 4826: 4809: 4803: 4788: 4776:978-1576072639 4775: 4756: 4750: 4734: 4728: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4680: 4663: 4648: 4642: 4617: 4604: 4586:Anderson, John 4580: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4561: 4548: 4520: 4506: 4486: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4438: 4426: 4414: 4399: 4384: 4372: 4354: 4342: 4330: 4318: 4309: 4294: 4282: 4270: 4241: 4232: 4200: 4182: 4162: 4147: 4128: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4083: 4071: 4059: 4034: 4015: 3998: 3977: 3965: 3944: 3929: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3850: 3846:Frassetto 2003 3831: 3815: 3803: 3780: 3768: 3759: 3725: 3710:Chisholm, Hugh 3688: 3681: 3663: 3653: 3624:10.2307/526928 3602: 3593: 3581: 3556: 3547: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3491: 3476: 3464: 3445: 3430: 3395: 3383: 3368: 3356: 3324: 3307: 3295: 3280: 3268: 3255: 3242: 3223: 3221:, p. 549. 3208: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3164: 3136: 3120: 3110:(3 ed.). 3102:, ed. (2009). 3096: 3080: 3050: 3034: 3024:(4 ed.). 2993: 2981: 2955: 2911: 2891: 2887:Adam Bremensis 2875: 2863: 2842: 2827: 2825:, p. 446. 2812: 2795: 2782: 2780:, pp. 379 2770: 2740: 2721: 2686: 2655: 2624: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2546:Henri Grégoire 2516:King of Sweden 2498:("King of the 2492:vandalorum rex 2445: 2442: 2423: 2422:Latin literacy 2420: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2407: 2405: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2303: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2282: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2266: 2264: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2115: 2113: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2032: 2030: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1850: 1847: 1801:(today called 1696:Byzantine army 1669:Main article: 1666: 1663: 1614: 1611: 1567: 1564: 1501:Main article: 1460: 1457: 1414:Attila the Hun 1379:Main article: 1376: 1373: 1335:Victor of Vita 1281:Constantinople 1277:Galla Placidia 1190:Vandal Kingdom 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 980: 977: 940: 937: 924: 921: 723: 720: 701:Main article: 698: 695: 682:Main article: 679: 676: 668:Herwig Wolfram 664:Walter Goffart 639:Main article: 636: 633: 566: 563: 541: 538: 536: 533: 481: 480:Classification 478: 344:Proto-Germanic 287: 284: 276:Late Antiquity 207:. By 439 they 51:Lucas de Heere 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8132: 8131: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8007:Hunnic empire 8005: 8003: 8002:Gepid kingdom 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7956: 7951: 7949: 7944: 7942: 7937: 7936: 7933: 7921: 7913: 7912: 7909: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7616: 7613: 7609: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7506:Crimean Goths 7504: 7503: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7470: 7469:Salian Franks 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7025: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6988: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6907:Early culture 6904: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6825: 6823: 6818: 6816: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6650: 6649:Childeric III 6647: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6635: 6632: 6629: 6626: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6607:Theuderic III 6605: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6569: 6566: 6565:Childebert II 6563: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6525:(481/482–511) 6524: 6521: 6519:(457–481/482) 6518: 6515: 6513:(445/448–457) 6512: 6509: 6507:(428–445/448) 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6473: 6470: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5773: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5655: 5651: 5644: 5641: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5566: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5549: 5542: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5523: 5520: 5519:2-7283-0640-0 5516: 5512: 5508: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5492:3-17-015566-0 5489: 5485: 5482: 5481:0-85323-127-3 5478: 5475: 5471: 5469: 5464: 5462: 5457: 5454: 5453:3-476-01489-4 5450: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5440:Pauly-Wissowa 5438: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5421:1-889758-67-1 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5402:2-503-52262-9 5399: 5395: 5392: 5391:2-503-51275-5 5388: 5384: 5382: 5381:0-8010-1275-9 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5331:3-9805898-6-2 5328: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5316:0-86078-354-5 5313: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5294:Blume, Mary. 5293: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5270: 5269:public domain 5261: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5203: 5192: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5151: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5130:Todd, Malcolm 5127: 5116: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5092: 5081: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4937:. Macmillan. 4936: 4932: 4928: 4917: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4896: 4885: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4864: 4853: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4832: 4829: 4823: 4818: 4817: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4789: 4778: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4738:de Vries, Jan 4735: 4731: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4681: 4671:on 2014-08-21 4670: 4666: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4607: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4570: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4524: 4521: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4490: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4475: 4472:, p. 138 4471: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4415: 4412:, p. 126 4411: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4397:, p. 131 4396: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4382:, p. 555 4381: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4338:Merrills 2004 4334: 4331: 4328:, p. 125 4327: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4292:, p. 383 4291: 4286: 4283: 4280:, p. 264 4279: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4221:on 2014-04-13 4220: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4175: 4174: 4166: 4163: 4160:, p. 553 4159: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4145:, p. 125 4144: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4124:Merrills 2004 4120: 4117: 4113: 4112:Merrills 2004 4108: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4060: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4030:Reynolds 2011 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3996:, p. 124 3995: 3992:3.5.23–24 in 3991: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3966: 3963:, p. 512 3962: 3959:3.5.18–19 in 3958: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3942:, p. 124 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3881: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3848:, p. 173 3847: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3828:0-8018-7978-7 3825: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3778:, p. 999 3777: 3772: 3769: 3763: 3760: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3705:public domain 3692: 3689: 3684: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3664: 3657: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3573:0-7546-4145-7 3570: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3523: 3520:, p. 195 3519: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3452:Dio Cassius, 3449: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3364:Merrills 2004 3360: 3357: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3305:, p. 498 3304: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3278:, p. 198 3277: 3276:Anderson 1938 3272: 3269: 3265: 3262:Walter Pohl, 3259: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3167: 3165:9780191727467 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3123: 3121:9780191727139 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3083: 3081:9780195187922 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3037: 3035:9780191735257 3031: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2982: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2808:de Vries 1962 2804: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2771: 2758: 2754: 2751:Brian, Adam. 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2614: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2431: 2429: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2402: 2374: 2371: 2363: 2362: 2355: 2347: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2300: 2295: 2286: 2270: 2261: 2249: 2246: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2226: 2224: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2198: 2196: 2186: 2178: 2176: 2168: 2166: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2119: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2074: 2058: 2056: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2027: 2012: 2009: 2004: 2001: 1993: 1991: 1990: 1983: 1975: 1973: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1930: 1918: 1912: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1849:List of kings 1848: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1665:Turbulent end 1664: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1643:autochthonous 1640: 1636: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1572: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509:Mediterranean 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1490:were soundly 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1469: 1465: 1459:Consolidation 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452:Leo the Great 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402:Mediterranean 1395: 1394:Karl Briullov 1391: 1387: 1382: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1288:Theodosius II 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1216: 1215:Comes Africae 1213: 1208: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1184:Establishment 1183: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129:Hispano-Roman 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084:Mediterranean 1081: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029:Carthago Nova 1026: 1023:got lands in 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 999:. There, the 998: 994: 985: 978: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 938: 936: 934: 930: 922: 920: 918: 913: 911: 907: 906:Peter Heather 903: 899: 895: 892: 891: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 842: 837: 834:According to 829: 825: 820: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 737: 733: 728: 721: 719: 718: 714: 713:East Germanic 710: 704: 696: 694: 692: 685: 677: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 652: 648: 642: 634: 632: 629: 627: 623: 618: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 564: 559: 554: 546: 539: 534: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 498:East Germanic 495: 494:ancient Roman 491: 487: 479: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 458:Vendel Period 455: 451: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 400: 394: 392: 388: 384: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 352:Vladimir Orel 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 305: 301: 297: 292: 285: 283: 281: 277: 273: 272:Roman culture 269: 265: 261: 257: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 181: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 90: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 56: 52: 46: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 7821: 7200:Anglo-Saxons 7190:Adrabaecampi 7173:Bucinobantes 6915:Architecture 6770: 6643:Theuderic IV 6631:Chilperic II 6625:Dagobert III 6601:Childeric II 6595:Chlothar III 6529:Childebert I 6495:Merovingians 6445: 6326: 6209: 6177:Anglo-Saxons 6115:Amalasuintha 6011:Chindasuinth 5874:Theodoric II 5683:9 BCE–18 CE) 5661:9 BCE–37 CE, 5626:9 BCE–21 CE) 5592:Attested in 5507:Yves Modéran 5498: 5497:Westermann, 5473: 5459:S. 329–353. 5412: 5372: 5368: 5339: 5300: 5278: 5257:Attribution: 5256: 5255: 5233: 5208: 5194:. Retrieved 5175: 5165: 5153:. Retrieved 5134: 5118:. Retrieved 5099: 5083:. Retrieved 5064: 5042: 5017: 4996: 4975: 4954: 4934: 4919:. Retrieved 4900: 4887:. Retrieved 4868: 4855:. Retrieved 4836: 4815: 4793: 4780:. Retrieved 4761: 4741: 4718: 4704: 4695: 4685: 4673:. Retrieved 4669:the original 4653: 4625: 4609:. Retrieved 4590: 4579:Bibliography 4564: 4556: 4551: 4540:. Retrieved 4530: 4523: 4511:. Retrieved 4496: 4489: 4477: 4465: 4453: 4448:, p. 77 4446:Wickham 2009 4441: 4429: 4417: 4410:Collins 2000 4380:Cameron 2000 4375: 4369:Löffler 1912 4350:Collins 2000 4345: 4333: 4321: 4312: 4307:, p. 21 4290:Jaques 2007b 4285: 4278:Jaques 2007a 4273: 4265: 4262: 4256: 4244: 4235: 4223:. Retrieved 4219:the original 4212: 4203: 4192:. Retrieved 4172: 4165: 4158:Cameron 2000 4143:Collins 2000 4126:, p. 11 4119: 4114:, p. 10 4107: 4100:Cameron 2000 4095: 4086: 4079:Collins 2000 4074: 4069:, p. 60 4062: 4051:. Retrieved 4037: 3994:Collins 2000 3987: 3980: 3973:Heather 2005 3968: 3961:Heather 2005 3954: 3947: 3940:Collins 2000 3921:. Retrieved 3907: 3895: 3888:Mokhtar 1981 3883: 3871:. Retrieved 3818: 3806: 3801:, p. 50 3776:Jaques 2007c 3771: 3762: 3740: 3717: 3691: 3672: 3666: 3656: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3596: 3584: 3577:Google Books 3559: 3550: 3542: 3537: 3532:, p. 34 3525: 3518:Heather 2005 3513: 3494: 3487:Schütte 2013 3474:, p. 27 3467: 3448: 3443:, p. 30 3421:. Retrieved 3407: 3398: 3386: 3381:, p. 25 3359: 3347:. Retrieved 3340:the original 3327: 3319: 3316:Die Germanen 3315: 3310: 3298: 3293:, p. 42 3291:Wolfram 1997 3271: 3264:Die Germanen 3263: 3258: 3250: 3245: 3226: 3200:. Retrieved 3186: 3176: 3169:. Retrieved 3151: 3132: 3125:. Retrieved 3107: 3092: 3085:. Retrieved 3065: 3046: 3039:. Retrieved 3019: 2996: 2989:Wolfram 1997 2984: 2972:. Retrieved 2967: 2958: 2931: 2927: 2914: 2894: 2878: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2836: 2830: 2790: 2785: 2778:Heather 2005 2773: 2761:. Retrieved 2757:the original 2712:. Retrieved 2698: 2689: 2667: 2658: 2636: 2627: 2616:. Retrieved 2613:lib.ugent.be 2612: 2603: 2562:Roman Empire 2548:, bishop of 2541: 2537: 2522: 2520: 2495: 2491: 2486:and eastern 2465: 2435: 2432: 2425: 2305: 2299:Amal dynasty 2006: 1852: 1822: 1814: 1792: 1784:Bordj Djedid 1782:pavement at 1775: 1754: 1727: 1701: 1671:Vandalic War 1652: 1650: 1633: 1618: 1616: 1587: 1575: 1557: 1549: 1506: 1473: 1445: 1418: 1409: 1399: 1389: 1375:Sack of Rome 1361:Tripolitania 1339:Quodvultdeus 1332: 1303: 1296: 1269: 1250: 1242:Hippo Regius 1227: 1220: 1214: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1137:Heremigarius 1121: 1113:illegitimate 1056: 990: 942: 926: 923:In Britannia 914: 888: 886: 839: 833: 826:" (160 AD), 824:Suebian knot 786: 779: 760: 741: 706: 687: 644: 630: 619: 601: 599: 583:Burgundiones 574: 568: 514: 509: 489: 483: 447: 424: 412:Divine Twins 407: 397: 395: 386: 382: 367: 363: 359: 355: 347: 335: 327: 319: 315: 309: 260:early-modern 253: 241:Vandalic War 205:North Africa 182: 164:, where the 142:Roman Empire 91: 87:North Africa 62: 60: 33: 8099:Roman Libya 7640:Nahanarvali 7563:Hilleviones 7476:Frisiavones 7344:Cananefates 7334:Burgundians 7245:Banochaemae 7095:Anglo-Saxon 7046:Anglo-Saxon 7012:Anglo-Saxon 6995:Anglo-Saxon 6978:Anglo-Saxon 6772:Ynglingatal 6672:Agilolfings 6637:Chlothar IV 6583:Sigebert II 6571:Chlothar II 6553:Chilperic I 6541:Charibert I 6517:Childeric I 6328:Interregnum 6271:Burgundians 6220:(until 406) 6017:Recceswinth 5981:Reccared II 5921:Theudigisel 5862:Theodoric I 5639:9 BCE–9 CE) 5502:(in German) 5425:Evolpub.com 5407:Lord Mahon 4997:The Vandals 4482:George 2004 4470:George 2004 4458:Conant 2004 3913:"CNG Coins" 3618:: 356–358. 3423:January 16, 3219:Berndt 2010 3171:January 25, 3127:January 25, 3087:January 25, 3041:January 25, 2540:. The term 2534:John Dryden 2530:Restoration 2484:Mecklenburg 1831:Arian faith 1733:Justinian I 1684:Justinian I 1629:Manichaeans 1594:Trinitarian 1533:Peloponnese 1406:Old English 1396:, 1833–1836 1236:of Africa, 1153:Hermigarius 979:In Hispania 660:Walter Pohl 470:Scandinavia 416:origin myth 404:Rudolf Much 340:Old English 320:Wendilenses 256:Renaissance 245:Justinian I 215:as well as 172:settled in 124:during the 116:during the 8109:Mauretania 8078:Categories 7859:Vinoviloth 7647:Marcomanni 7630:Helveconae 7608:Heaðobards 7578:Istvaeones 7568:Ingaevones 7553:Hermunduri 7521:Ostrogoths 7511:Greuthungi 7389:Chattuarii 7215:Angrivarii 7210:Ampsivarii 7178:Lentienses 7007:Literature 6897:Viking Age 6733:Norwegians 6577:Dagobert I 6559:Sigebert I 6535:Chlothar I 6475:Desiderius 6457:Hildeprand 6437:Aripert II 6248:Thrasamund 6242:Gunthamund 6074:Ostrogoths 5971:( 610-612) 5951:Reccared I 5933:Athanagild 5908:Post-Balti 5868:Thorismund 5807:Vithimiris 5794:Greuthungi 5765:Radagaisus 5720:Ariovistus 5677:Maroboduus 5654:Marcomanni 5468:Uibk.ac.at 5461:Uibk.ac.at 5085:17 January 4889:17 January 4857:17 January 4782:17 January 4675:2014-08-21 4542:2012-10-03 4194:2016-12-25 4053:2009-05-18 3923:2017-08-10 3900:Burke 1900 3750:Retrieved 3500:chapter 22 3232:transcript 3202:2014-01-14 2677:Retrieved 2646:Retrieved 2618:2020-08-25 2595:References 2542:Vandalisme 2480:West Slavs 2294:Amalafrida 2285:Thrasamund 2269:Gunthamund 1894:Thrasamund 1888:Gunthamund 1742:Belisarius 1680:Belisarius 1659:Thrasamund 1639:Ostrogoths 1635:Gunthamund 1529:fire ships 1521:Basiliscus 1496:Garigliano 1476:Agrigentum 1230:Bonifacius 1212:Bonifacius 1166:Al-Andalus 1098:, sacking 1096:Mauritania 1045:Septimania 929:Silchester 910:Radagaisus 862:Hermanduri 858:Marcomanni 466:Viking Age 435:West Slavs 399:Aurvandill 336:Wend(e)las 306:, Austria. 264:barbarians 7854:Vidivarii 7849:Victohali 7839:Vangiones 7772:Thuringii 7677:Nuithones 7573:Irminones 7536:Visigoths 7526:Thervingi 7486:Gambrivii 7439:Dulgubnii 7434:Dauciones 7384:Chasuarii 7324:Brondings 7250:Bastarnae 7240:Baiuvarii 7220:Armalausi 7183:Raetovari 7117:Languages 7085:Symbology 6945:Folklore 6940:Festivals 6651:(737–751) 6645:(721–737) 6639:(717–719) 6633:(715–721) 6627:(711–715) 6621:(695–711) 6615:(691–695) 6613:Clovis IV 6609:(675–691) 6603:(673–675) 6597:(657–673) 6591:(639–657) 6589:Clovis II 6585:(639–656) 6579:(623–639) 6573:(584–629) 6567:(575–595) 6561:(561–575) 6555:(561–584) 6549:(561–593) 6543:(561–567) 6537:(511–561) 6531:(511–558) 6498:(428–751) 6477:(756–774) 6471:(749–756) 6465:(744–749) 6453:(712–744) 6451:Liutprand 6439:(702–712) 6431:Raginpert 6427:(700–702) 6421:(689–700) 6409:(688–689) 6403:(671–688) 6401:Perctarit 6391:(662–671) 6385:(661–662) 6383:Perctarit 6379:(661–662) 6373:(653–661) 6371:Aripert I 6367:(652–653) 6361:(636-652) 6355:(626–636) 6349:(616–626) 6343:(590–616) 6337:(584–590) 6331:(574–584) 6323:(572–574) 6317:(568–572) 6311:(546–565) 6262:(530–534) 6256:(523–530) 6250:(496–523) 6244:(484–496) 6238:(477–484) 6232:(428–477) 6226:(407–428) 6218:Godigisel 6200:Wuffingas 6185:Genealogy 6164:(551-553) 6158:(541-552) 6146:(540-541) 6140:(536-540) 6131:Post-Amal 6123:(534-536) 6121:Theodahad 6117:(534-535) 6111:(526-534) 6109:Athalaric 6105:(475-526) 6099:(469-475) 6097:Theodemir 6093:(447-469) 6061:(714-721) 6055:(711-714) 6053:Achila II 6049:(710-712) 6043:(694-710) 6037:(687-702) 6031:(680-687) 6025:(672-680) 6019:(649-672) 6013:(642-653) 6007:(639-642) 6001:(636-639) 5995:(631-636) 5989:(621-631) 5977:(612-621) 5965:(603-610) 5959:(601-603) 5953:(586-601) 5947:(568-586) 5945:Liuvigild 5941:(567-572) 5935:(554-567) 5929:(549-554) 5923:(548-549) 5917:(531-548) 5900:(522-531) 5894:(507-513) 5888:(484-507) 5886:Alaric II 5882:(466-484) 5876:(453-466) 5870:(451-453) 5864:(418-451) 5858:(415-418) 5846:(410-415) 5840:(395-410) 5821:Visigoths 5802:Ermanaric 5784:Athanaric 5776:Thervingi 5748:(448-456) 5742:(438-448) 5633:Segimerus 5594:Antiquity 5047:. Brill. 4513:3 October 4434:Bury 1923 4422:Bury 1923 4395:Bury 1923 4326:Bury 1923 4249:Prosper's 3985:Procopius 3952:Procopius 3873:11 August 3612:Britannia 3541:Goffart, 3498:Jordanes 3379:Todd 2009 3144:"Vandals" 3104:"Vandals" 3058:"Vandals" 3008:"Vandals" 2950:0193-1075 2849:R. Much, 2823:Orel 2003 2679:6 January 2558:barbarian 2524:vandalism 2450:Vandalism 1946:Godigisel 1908:(530–534) 1902:(523–530) 1896:(496–523) 1890:(484–496) 1884:(477–484) 1878:(428–477) 1872:(407–428) 1866:(359–406) 1864:Godigisel 1843:Guntarith 1729:Byzantine 1657:: "While 1598:Donatists 1541:Zakynthos 1369:foederati 1257:besieging 1238:Sigisvult 1172:Andalusia 1141:Lusitania 1100:Cartagena 1069:patrician 1041:Visigoths 1037:Gallaecia 1025:Lusitania 1005:foederati 995:into the 973:Aquitaine 933:Sub-Roman 830:, Poland. 801:panegyric 691:cremation 610:Gambrivii 443:Lusatians 383:wentilsēo 376:sea inlet 364:*winđanan 334:, and as 332:Old Norse 268:vandalism 185:Visigoths 174:Gallaecia 160:into the 8089:Carthage 7920:Category 7827:Hasdingi 7812:Usipetes 7792:Tubantes 7777:Toxandri 7757:Tencteri 7732:Suarines 7717:Sicambri 7712:Semnones 7692:Reudigni 7662:Mattiaci 7652:Marsacii 7603:Lombards 7593:Lacringi 7588:Juthungi 7419:Corconti 7404:Cherusci 7379:Charudes 7359:Chaedini 7329:Bructeri 7314:Bateinoi 7285:Eburones 7280:Condrusi 7275:Caeroesi 7270:Atuatuci 7205:Ambrones 7168:Brisgavi 7163:Alemanni 7041:Paganism 6930:Clothing 6925:Calendar 6872:Germania 6682:Frisians 6523:Clovis I 6511:Merovech 6443:Ansprand 6425:Liutpert 6419:Cunipert 6407:Cunipert 6395:Garibald 6389:Grimoald 6377:Godepert 6347:Adaloald 6289:Lombards 6254:Hilderic 6230:Gaiseric 6224:Gunderic 6190:Iclingas 5999:Chintila 5993:Sisenand 5987:Suintila 5969:Gundemar 5963:Witteric 5957:Liuva II 5898:Amalaric 5838:Alaric I 5736:419-438) 5730:Hermeric 5725:Hunimund 5693:Ballomar 5689:(18 CE-) 5687:Catualda 5643:Arminius 5619:Cherusci 5612:476–793) 5513:, 314), 5428:Archived 5231:(1997). 5132:(2009). 5097:(2013). 5039:(2003). 4933:(2005). 4767:ABC-CLIO 4740:(1962). 4591:Germania 4588:(1938). 4536:Archived 4225:12 April 4188:Archived 4047:Archived 3917:Archived 3867:Archived 3648:33704958 3640:16432945 3503:Archived 3457:Archived 3417:Archived 3349:July 30, 3235:Archived 3196:Archived 3142:(2004). 3056:(2005). 3018:(eds.). 3006:(2012). 2922:(1990). 2903:Archived 2873:, 795 ad 2708:Archived 2633:"Vandal" 2568:See also 2488:Holstein 2474:and the 2277:Gelarius 2260:Hilderic 2035:Gaiseric 2026:Gunderic 1900:Hilderic 1876:Gaiseric 1870:Gunderic 1795:expelled 1788:Carthage 1731:Emperor 1703:Hilderic 1607:Hilderic 1602:Cartenna 1582:Hilderic 1577:denarius 1513:Majorian 1492:defeated 1488:Campania 1441:Placidia 1410:Wendelsæ 1357:Byzacena 1326:and the 1320:Sardinia 1299:Carthage 1253:Numidian 1246:Carthage 1210:Coin of 1157:Guadiana 1145:defeated 1109:Genseric 1092:Hispania 1080:Hydatius 1072:Castinus 1061:defeated 1053:Gunderic 1001:Hasdingi 993:Pyrenees 969:Gunderic 898:Honorius 894:Stilicho 878:Pannonia 836:Jordanes 809:Alamanni 805:Maximian 787:In 278, 782:Aurelian 767:Hasdingi 752:Lacringi 748:Hasdingi 697:Language 626:Semnones 617:rivers. 602:Vandilii 521:Vandalic 519:(mainly: 506:Norsemen 486:Germania 427:medieval 387:wendelsǣ 372:Limfjord 360:wenđanan 348:Wanđilaz 312:ethnonym 231:and the 225:Sardinia 201:Genseric 193:Gunderic 168:and the 166:Hasdingi 158:Pyrenees 146:crossing 122:Pannonia 8114:Numidia 8084:Vandals 7844:Varisci 7832:Silingi 7822:Vandals 7797:Tulingi 7787:Triboci 7782:Treveri 7762:Teutons 7752:Taifals 7727:Sitones 7667:Nemetes 7625:Helisii 7598:Lemovii 7516:Gutones 7449:Firaesi 7444:Favonae 7424:Cugerni 7414:Cobandi 7369:Chamavi 7364:Chaemae 7354:Casuari 7349:Caritni 7319:Betasii 7290:Paemani 7225:Auiones 7090:Warfare 7068:Scripts 7036:Numbers 6860:History 6765:Yngling 6664:Bavaria 6547:Guntram 6505:Chlodio 6469:Aistulf 6463:Ratchis 6365:Rodoald 6359:Rothari 6353:Arioald 6341:Agilulf 6335:Authari 6260:Gelimer 6236:Huneric 6210:Vandals 6144:Ildibad 6138:Vitiges 6091:Valamir 6047:Roderic 6041:Wittiza 5975:Sisebut 5939:Liuva I 5915:Theudis 5892:Gesalec 5850:Sigeric 5844:Athaulf 5746:Rechiar 5740:Rechila 5275:Vandals 5271:: 5155:9 March 5120:9 March 4611:9 March 3752:8 March 3714:Vandals 3707:: 3575:p.34, ( 3545:, ch.5. 3253:, p.85. 3064:(ed.). 2974:10 June 2909:", 2002 2889:1075 ad 2763:May 21, 2714:8 March 2648:8 March 2536:wrote, 2413:general 2410:Ammatus 2401:Gelimer 2118:Huneric 2106:Eudocia 1929:Wisimar 1906:Gelimer 1882:Huneric 1860:(d.335) 1858:Wisimar 1839:Numidia 1827:Galatia 1819:Persian 1750:Ammatas 1723:Gelimer 1692:Ravenna 1625:Huneric 1613:Decline 1560:Berbers 1552:Ricimer 1545:Odoacer 1537:Maniots 1498:river. 1484:Ricimer 1480:Corsica 1437:Eudocia 1427:killed 1324:Corsica 1104:Seville 1074:at the 1065:Baetica 1049:Attaces 1013:Silingi 1009:Asturia 939:In Gaul 917:Silesia 874:Visimar 870:Geberic 789:Zosimus 756:Silesia 744:Silingi 736:Vistula 732:Hadrian 655:Ptolemy 651:Tacitus 622:Silingi 595:Gutones 575:Vandili 540:Origins 535:History 510:Germani 490:Germani 454:Uppland 328:Vendill 316:Wandali 278:to the 221:Corsica 178:Baetica 170:Silingi 120:and to 102:Silesia 98:Vistula 77:on the 65:were a 63:Vandals 7864:Warini 7817:Vagoth 7802:Tungri 7767:Thelir 7747:Swedes 7742:Sunici 7707:Saxons 7702:Rugini 7635:Manimi 7620:Diduni 7558:Heruli 7496:Gepids 7481:Frisii 7459:Franks 7409:Cimbri 7399:Chauci 7394:Chatti 7307:Nervii 7302:Morini 7260:Belgae 7255:Batavi 7230:Avarpi 7195:Angles 7155:Groups 7105:Viking 7051:Gothic 7029:Gothic 6935:Family 6752:Swedes 6486:Franks 6413:Alahis 6315:Alboin 6309:Audoin 6195:Wessex 6156:Totila 6150:Eraric 5856:Wallia 5767:(-406) 5645:(9–21) 5517: 5490: 5479: 5451: 5419: 5400: 5389: 5379: 5351: 5329: 5314: 5245: 5217: 5187: 5146: 5111: 5076: 5051: 5025: 5004: 4983: 4962: 4941: 4921:15 May 4912: 4880: 4848: 4824: 4801: 4773: 4748: 4726: 4661: 4640: 4602: 4504: 4180: 3826: 3701: 3679: 3661:73–81. 3646: 3638: 3632:526928 3630: 3571: 3314:Pohl, 3266:, p.23 3162: 3118: 3078: 3032: 2948: 2855:Vandal 2506:, and 2500:Swedes 2470:, the 2444:Legacy 2279:prince 2138:prince 1803:Béjaïa 1799:Saldae 1780:mosaic 1717:, the 1711:Hoamer 1341:, and 1311:seized 1283:, the 1149:Mérida 1039:. The 1031:. The 945:Franks 902:Raetia 866:Danube 854:Gepids 841:Getica 813:Gepids 793:Probus 775:Danube 746:, the 672:Celtic 647:Strabo 591:Carini 587:Varini 504:, nor 450:Vendel 431:Veneti 408:Vandal 356:wanđaz 304:Vienna 217:Sicily 85:, and 71:Poland 27:, see 7737:Suebi 7722:Sciri 7697:Rugii 7687:Quadi 7672:Njars 7657:Marsi 7615:Lugii 7583:Jutes 7548:Harii 7543:Gutes 7501:Goths 7491:Geats 7429:Danes 7374:Chali 7295:Segni 7235:Baemi 7078:Runes 7063:Rings 7056:Norse 7024:Names 7017:Norse 7000:Norse 6983:Norse 6709:Danes 6700:Norse 6459:(744) 6446:(712) 6433:(701) 6415:(689) 6397:(671) 6321:Cleph 6152:(541) 6035:Egica 6029:Erwig 6023:Wamba 6005:Tulga 5983:(621) 5927:Agila 5880:Euric 5852:(415) 5830:Balti 5757:Goths 5712:Suebi 5196:5 May 3644:S2CID 3628:JSTOR 3454:72.12 3343:(PDF) 3336:(PDF) 3146:. In 3060:. In 3010:. In 2934:(2). 2590:Notes 2550:Blois 2532:poet 2508:Wends 2504:Geats 2476:Wends 2472:Goths 2428:Latin 2135:Gento 1786:near 1765:Hippo 1761:Tzazo 1738:Tzazo 1719:Arian 1715:Moors 1646:Moors 1590:Arian 1316:Alans 1292:Aspar 1234:count 1164:name 1147:near 1133:Suebi 1033:Suebi 1021:Alans 1007:, in 961:Alans 846:Goths 771:Dacia 641:Lugii 635:Lugii 614:Suebi 606:Marsi 558:Lugii 502:Goths 439:Wends 425:Some 368:wanđ- 326:, as 229:Malta 197:Suebi 189:Alans 152:into 150:Rhine 130:Goths 114:Dacia 110:Lugii 7807:Ubii 7454:Fosi 7339:Buri 6162:Teia 6083:Amal 6059:Ardo 5703:172) 5699:166– 5670:172) 5666:166– 5515:ISBN 5488:ISBN 5477:ISBN 5449:ISBN 5417:ISBN 5398:ISBN 5387:ISBN 5377:ISBN 5349:ISBN 5327:ISBN 5312:ISBN 5243:ISBN 5215:ISBN 5198:2013 5185:ISBN 5157:2014 5144:ISBN 5122:2014 5109:ISBN 5087:2015 5074:ISBN 5049:ISBN 5023:ISBN 5002:ISBN 4981:ISBN 4960:ISBN 4939:ISBN 4923:2015 4910:ISBN 4891:2015 4878:ISBN 4859:2015 4846:ISBN 4822:ISBN 4799:ISBN 4784:2015 4771:ISBN 4746:ISBN 4724:ISBN 4659:ISBN 4638:ISBN 4613:2014 4600:ISBN 4515:2012 4502:ISBN 4227:2014 4178:ISBN 3989:Wars 3956:Wars 3875:2010 3824:ISBN 3754:2014 3677:ISBN 3636:PMID 3569:ISBN 3425:2015 3351:2005 3173:2020 3160:ISBN 3129:2020 3116:ISBN 3089:2020 3076:ISBN 3043:2020 3030:ISBN 2976:2022 2946:ISSN 2765:2017 2716:2014 2681:2024 2650:2014 2510:"). 1809:and 1478:and 1439:and 1408:was 1309:and 1244:and 1192:and 1102:and 1094:and 949:Gaul 797:Lech 662:and 653:and 362:(or 324:Saxo 318:and 310:The 286:Name 258:and 154:Gaul 148:the 138:Huns 96:and 94:Oder 61:The 7682:Osi 6990:Law 6920:Art 6847:of 4716:". 4630:doi 3716:". 3620:doi 2936:doi 2885:by 2518:". 1837:of 1835:Dux 1015:in 803:to 492:by 422:). 374:(a 338:in 330:in 322:by 302:in 8080:: 5734:c. 5701:c. 5697:c. 5681:c. 5668:c. 5664:c. 5659:c. 5637:c. 5624:c. 5610:c. 5602:c. 5423:. 5411:, 5338:, 5298:, 5241:. 5237:. 5183:. 5179:. 5142:. 5138:. 5107:. 5103:. 5072:. 5068:. 4908:. 4904:. 4876:. 4872:. 4844:. 4840:. 4769:. 4765:. 4636:. 4598:. 4594:. 4402:^ 4387:^ 4357:^ 4297:^ 4266:81 4211:. 4186:. 4150:^ 4131:^ 4045:. 4018:^ 4001:^ 3932:^ 3915:. 3853:^ 3834:^ 3783:^ 3745:. 3739:. 3728:^ 3642:. 3634:. 3626:. 3616:31 3614:. 3567:, 3479:^ 3433:^ 3412:. 3406:. 3371:^ 3283:^ 3211:^ 3194:. 3175:. 3158:. 3154:. 3131:. 3114:. 3106:. 3091:. 3074:. 3070:. 3045:. 3028:. 2966:. 2944:. 2932:12 2930:. 2926:. 2815:^ 2798:^ 2743:^ 2724:^ 2703:. 2697:. 2672:. 2666:. 2641:. 2635:. 2611:. 2502:, 2296:of 2108:of 1841:, 1776:c. 1690:, 1648:. 1574:A 1443:. 1392:, 1359:, 1337:, 1322:, 1294:. 1275:, 1090:, 975:. 919:. 838:' 815:. 758:. 649:, 612:, 608:, 597:. 589:, 585:, 476:. 393:. 282:. 251:. 227:, 223:, 219:, 81:, 7954:e 7947:t 7940:v 6967:) 6828:e 6821:t 6814:v 5732:( 5695:( 5679:( 5657:( 5635:( 5622:( 5608:( 5600:( 5576:e 5569:t 5562:v 5521:. 5494:. 5455:. 5404:. 5393:. 5355:. 5251:. 5223:. 5200:. 5159:. 5124:. 5089:. 5057:. 5031:. 5010:. 4989:. 4968:. 4947:. 4925:. 4893:. 4861:. 4807:. 4786:. 4754:. 4732:. 4678:. 4646:. 4632:: 4615:. 4545:. 4517:. 4229:. 4197:. 4056:. 3926:. 3877:. 3756:. 3685:. 3650:. 3622:: 3579:) 3427:. 3353:. 3205:. 2978:. 2952:. 2938:: 2767:. 2718:. 2683:. 2652:. 2621:. 57:. 31:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index