22:
112:
131:
Although double-hull design is superior in low energy casualties and prevents spillage in small casualties, in high energy casualties where both hulls are breached, oil can spill through the double-hull and into the sea. In grounding events of this type, a mid-deck design overcomes this by
132:
eliminating the double-bottom compartments that are void with air. Since the density of seawater is greater than that of oil, water comes into the tanks instead of oil escaping out, and rather than spilling, oil is vented upwards into overflow tanks.
123:
is a tanker design which includes an additional deck intended to limit spills if the tanker is damaged. The extra deck is placed at about the middle of the draft of the ship. This design is an alternative to the
147:
does not allow this design to enter US waters, effectively preventing it from being built, although it is superior to the double hull in high energy casualties.
32:
140:
182:
90:
47:
62:
69:
144:
76:
168:
58:
216:
206:
211:
157:
136:
178:
83:
201:
195:
125:
21:
111:
161:
115:
Mid-Deck Tanker, damage up 3 m. Light gray is oil, dark gray is seawater.
39:
174:
15:
163:
The
Tankship Tromedy, The Impending Disasters in Tankers
43:
143:as an alternative to the double hull concept. The
128:design, and is superior in terms of spill volume.
8:
48:introducing citations to additional sources
135:A variation on the mid-deck tanker is the
110:
38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
7:
14:
31:relies largely or entirely on a
20:
177:: CTX Press, pp. 379–83,
1:
233:
145:United States Coast Guard
139:, which was approved by
116:
114:
44:improve this article
137:Coulombi Egg Tanker
121:mid-deck oil tanker
126:double-hull tanker
117:
109:
108:
94:
59:"Mid-deck tanker"
224:
187:
172:
104:
101:
95:
93:
52:
24:
16:
232:
231:
227:
226:
225:
223:
222:
221:
192:
191:
185:
166:
156:
153:
105:
99:
96:
53:
51:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
230:
228:
220:
219:
214:
209:
204:
194:
193:
190:
189:
183:
158:Devanney, Jack
152:
149:
107:
106:
100:September 2015
42:. Please help
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
229:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
197:
186:
184:0-9776479-0-0
180:
176:
173:, Tavernier,
170:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
150:
148:
146:
142:
138:
133:
129:
127:
122:
113:
103:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
61: –
60:
56:
55:Find sources:
49:
45:
41:
35:
34:
33:single source
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
162:
134:
130:
120:
118:
97:
87:
80:
73:
66:
54:
30:
217:Ship design
207:Oil tankers
212:Ship types
196:Categories
151:References
70:newspapers
40:talk page
160:(2006),
202:Tankers
84:scholar
181:
86:
79:
72:
65:
57:
91:JSTOR
77:books
179:ISBN
63:news
169:PDF
141:IMO
46:by
198::
175:FL
119:A
188:.
171:)
167:(
102:)
98:(
88:·
81:·
74:·
67:·
50:.
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
