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elevation occurs 120 - 103.2 + 2.0 minutes after midnight: at 00.19 Central
European Summer time. On other nearby dates the only thing different is the equation of time, so this remains a reasonable estimate for a considerable period. The Sun's altitude remains within half a degree of the minimum of about 5 degrees for about 45 minutes either side of this time.
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When it rotates on its own axis, it sometimes moves closer to the Sun. During this period of Earth's rotation from May to July, Earth tilts at an angle of 23.5 degrees above its own axis in its orbit. This causes the part of Norway located in the Arctic region at the North Pole of Earth to move very
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of Earth is considerable (23 degrees, 26 minutes, 21.41196 seconds), at high latitudes the Sun does not set in summer; rather, it remains continuously visible for one day during the summer solstice at the polar circle, for several weeks only 100 km (62 mi) closer to the pole, and for six
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Even though at the Arctic Circle the center of the Sun is, per definition and without refraction by the atmosphere, only visible during one summer night, some part of midnight sun is visible at the Arctic Circle from approximately 12 June until 1 July. This period extends as one travels north: At
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a.m. at the summer solstice. This is because
Fairbanks is 51 minutes (1 hour and 51 minutes at Daylight Savings Time) ahead of its idealized time zone (as most of the state is in one time zone) and Alaska observes daylight saving time. (Fairbanks is at about 147.72 degrees west, corresponding to
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at midnight on June 21/22, the longitude of 25.9 degrees east makes the moment 103.2 minutes earlier by clock time; but the local time, 2 hours ahead of GMT in the summer, makes it 120 minutes later by clock time. The equation of time at that date is -2.0 minutes. Therefore, the Sun's lowest
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must be taken into account. The moment of the Sun's closest approach to the horizon coincides with its passing due north at the observer's position, which occurs only approximately at midnight in general. Each degree of longitude east of the
709:. During the six months that the Sun is above the horizon, it spends the days appearing to continuously move in circles around the observer, gradually spiralling higher and reaching its highest circuit of the sky at the summer solstice.
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The term "midnight sun" refers to the consecutive 24-hour periods of sunlight experienced north of the Arctic Circle and south of the
Antarctic Circle. Other phenomena are sometimes referred to as "midnight sun", but they are caused by
332:, the northernmost inhabited region of Europe, there is no sunset from approximately 19 April to 23 August. The extreme sites are the poles, where the Sun can be continuously visible for half the year. The
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Locations where the Sun remains less than 6 (or 7) degrees below the horizon – between about 60° 34’ (or 59° 34’) latitude and the polar circle – experience midnight
863:, for example, polar day lasts 84 days, while polar night lasts only 68 days), while in the Southern Hemisphere, the situation is the reverse—the polar night is longer than the polar day.
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is the exception) is slightly south of the Arctic Circle. For the same reasons, the period of sunlight at the poles is slightly longer than six months. Even the northern extremities of the
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A quarter of
Finland's territory lies north of the Arctic Circle, and at the country's northernmost point the Sun does not set at all for 72 days during summer.
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Observers at heights appreciably above sea level can experience extended periods of midnight sun as a result of the "dip" of the horizon viewed from altitude.
387:, experience times where it does not get entirely dark at night yet the Sun does not rise either, combining effects of midnight sun and polar night, reaching
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instead of midnight sun, so that daytime activities, such as reading, are still possible without artificial light on a clear night. This happens in both
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364:, though not exceeding one degree (depending on local conditions). For example, Iceland is known for its midnight sun, even though most of it (
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close to the Sun and during this time the length of the day increases. It can be said that it almost never subsides. Night falls in Norway's
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makes the vital moment exactly 4 minutes earlier than midnight as shown on the clock, while each hour that the local civil time is ahead of
263:, apart from research stations, the countries and territories whose populations experience midnight sun are limited to those crossed by the
356:, and also because the Sun is a disc rather than a point in the sky, midnight sun may be experienced at latitudes slightly south of the
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in early July. As a result, the polar day is longer than the polar night in the
Northern Hemisphere (at
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Also, the periods of polar day and polar night are unequal in both polar regions because the Earth is at
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p.m. instead of at 12 noon. Also in
Fairbanks, Alaska, solar midnight occurs at 01:51 a.m. local time.
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The number of days per year with potential midnight sun increases the closer one goes toward either
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has midnight sun and experiences this from approximately 20 September to 23 March (about 6 months).
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Map showing the dates of midnight sun at various latitudes (left) and the total number of nights
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months at the pole. At extreme latitudes, midnight sun is usually referred to as polar day.
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has midnight sun for about 6 months, from approximately 18 March to 24 September.
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If a precise moment for the genuine "midnight sun" is required, the observer's
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1007:"What is the Midnight Sun Phenomenon? | Earth Phenomena | Planetary Science"
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At the poles themselves, the Sun rises and sets only once each year on the
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The northernmost tip of
Antarctica also experiences white nights near the
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throughout the night in the northern sky at around the summer solstice.
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1046:(Trondheim: Reisetrafikkforeningen for Trondheim og Trøndelag. 1940)
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Nuorgam, Lapland, Finland — Sunrise, Sunset, and
Daylength, May 2022
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UTC−9 hours 51 minutes, and is on UTC−9 in winter.) This means that
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archipelago farther north, it lasts from 20 April to 22 August.
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Because there are no permanent human settlements south of the
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The largest city in the world north of the Arctic Circle,
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Det
Nordlige Norge Fra Trondheim Til Midnattssolens Land
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that occurs in the summer months in places north of the
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during the "day" and astronomical twilight at "night".
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Natural phenomenon when daylight lasts for a whole day
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1063:, Tenth Edition, page 39, PEARSON, Prentice Hall, NJ.
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
201:, occurs in winter, when the Sun stays below the
178:, the Sun appears to move from left to right. In
1074:What is the secret behind midnight sun in Norway
383:Places sufficiently close to the poles, such as
983:"Sunrise and sunset times in Saint-Petersburg"
1094:
1033:(Edward Arnold, London, 1922), Chapters I-III
8:
947:"Time and Date.com - South Pole, Antarctica"
668:White Nights have become a common symbol of
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372:(and places at similar latitudes, such as
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
823:. Although approximately defined by the
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217:Multiple exposure of midnight sun on
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
713:Time zones and daylight saving time
693:Earth § Axial tilt and seasons
681:Southern Hemisphere summer solstice
415:Southern Hemisphere summer solstice
411:Northern Hemisphere summer solstice
1059:Lutgens F.K., Tarbuck E.J. (2007)
803:at this particular time of year.
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925:"Time and Date.com - North Pole"
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421:is about 72°34′ North or South.
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52:needs additional citations for
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32:Midnight sun (disambiguation)
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971:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
458:experience 100% darkness
197:The opposite phenomenon,
855:in early January and at
670:Saint Petersburg, Russia
1366:Geography of the Arctic
453:experience midnight sun
1042:Trygve B. Haugan, ed.
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786:As an example, at the
738:and the observance of
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448:experience white night
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354:atmospheric refraction
348:Polar circle proximity
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833:Cape Nordkinn, Norway
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755:occurs at about 12:51
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674:White Nights Festival
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401:White Night festivals
281:Northwest Territories
243:
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740:daylight saving time
205:throughout the day.
143:Midnight sun at the
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
987:www.timeanddate.com
949:. Time and Date.com
927:. Time and Date.com
742:. For instance, in
456:Highest latitude to
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248:'s midnight sun in
244:Timelapse video of
1029:H. Spencer Jones,
837:Continental Europe
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777:Greenwich meridian
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451:Lowest latitude to
446:Lowest latitude to
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428:Embankment of the
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164:natural phenomenon
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1031:General Astronomy
861:Utqiagvik, Alaska
753:solar culmination
744:Fairbanks, Alaska
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374:Saint Petersburg
362:Antarctic Circle
360:or north of the
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261:Antarctic Circle
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172:Antarctic Circle
170:or south of the
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399:Main article:
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385:Alert, Nunavut
370:United Kingdom
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1345:Solar System
1260:Midnight sun
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1014:. Retrieved
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156:Midnight sun
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
18:Midnight Sun
1333:Outer space
1265:Polar night
1240:Golden hour
1109:Parts of a
687:Explanation
419:golden hour
352:Because of
199:polar night
117:August 2013
1355:Categories
1245:Terminator
1016:2017-08-25
992:2023-08-26
870:References
853:perihelion
801:Hammerfest
788:North Cape
770:, and the
768:civil time
736:time zones
699:axial tilt
697:Since the
691:See also:
662:48º 34' S
648:50º 03' S
634:57º 09' S
620:67º 26' S
604:63º 47' N
588:53º 47' N
574:48º 50' N
560:48º 34' N
546:50º 03' N
532:57º 09' N
518:67º 45' N
502:63º 26' S
486:53º 47' S
472:48º 50' S
342:Antarctica
338:South Pole
334:North Pole
311:(state of
307:, and the
192:refraction
180:Antarctica
145:North Cape
87:newspapers
1309:Astronomy
1255:Moonlight
1189:Blue hour
1137:Afternoon
953:March 12,
931:March 12,
764:longitude
659:65º 44' S
656:59º 34' S
645:67º 13' S
642:61º 03' S
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614:78º 26' S
609:September
601:80º 57' N
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499:80º 36' S
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466:59º 50' S
432:river in
289:Greenland
250:Rovaniemi
209:Geography
190:, due to
160:polar day
151:in Norway
1250:Daylight
1207:Midnight
1161:Twilight
857:aphelion
841:Svalbard
815:Duration
653:December
639:November
477:February
407:twilight
378:twilight
320:Murmansk
149:Magerøya
1297:Weather
1283:Portals
1228:Related
1174:Sunrise
1142:Evening
1127:Morning
1119:Daytime
727:Finland
707:equinox
625:October
463:January
366:Grímsey
293:Iceland
285:Finland
277:Nunavut
254:Finland
246:Lapland
223:Yakutia
203:horizon
186:or the
162:, is a
101:scholar
1179:Sunset
1011:Scribd
792:Norway
757:
748:
579:August
313:Alaska
305:Sweden
301:Russia
297:Norway
279:, and
269:Canada
227:Russia
176:Arctic
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1321:Stars
1199:Night
523:April
507:March
491:March
443:Month
273:Yukon
108:JSTOR
94:books
1184:Dusk
1169:Dawn
1132:Noon
955:2024
933:2024
821:pole
723:Pori
565:July
551:June
430:Neva
413:and
80:news
1371:Sun
1111:day
790:of
537:May
328:In
315:).
283:),
221:in
63:by
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1009:.
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963:^
725:,
683:.
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340:,
303:,
299:,
295:,
291:,
287:,
275:,
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225:,
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1095:t
1088:v
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957:.
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271:(
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124:(
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115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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