76:. After the MPT there have been strongly asymmetric cycles with long-duration cooling of the climate and build-up of thick ice sheets, followed by a fast change from extreme glacial conditions to a warm interglacial. This led to less dynamic ice sheets. Interglacials before the MPT had lower levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide compared to interglacials after the MPT. One of the MPT's effects was causing ice sheets to become higher in altitude and less slippery compared to before. The MPT greatly increased the reservoirs of hydrocarbons locked up as permafrost methane or methane clathrate during glacial intervals. This led to larger methane releases during deglaciations. The cycle lengths have varied, with an average length of approximately 100,000 years.
126:
amplification which appears as a missing-link for the MPT. The study hypothesises that both the glacio-eustatic water mass component in the obliquity band may controlled the Earth's oblateness changes and the obliquity phase lag estimated to be <5.0 kyr, explain obliquity’s damping by the obliquity-oblateness feedback as latent physical mechanism at the origin of the MPT. The obliquity damping might have contributed to the strengthening of the short eccentricity response by mitigating the obliquity ‘ice killing’ during obliquity maxima (interglacials), favouring the obliquity-cycle skipping and a feedback-amplified ice growth in the short eccentricity band.
33:
125:
A 2023 study formulates an innovative hypothesis on the origin of the MPT (obliquity damping hypothesis). This hypothesis is based on the observational evidence of obliquity damping in climate proxies and sea-level record during the Last 1.2 Ma. Obliquity damping is linked with short eccentricity
251:
In the
Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP), denitrification increased during interglacials while decreasing during glacials. Deep water coral growth in the Maui Nui Complex was enhanced by the high amplitude glacial cycles brought about by the MPT, while
113:
are believed to have been covered by thick layers of regoliths, which have been worn away over large areas by subsequent glaciations. Later glaciations were increasingly based on core areas, with thick ice sheets strongly coupled to bare bedrock.
104:
Regoliths are believed to affect glaciation because ice with its base on regolith at the pressure melting point will slide with relative ease, which limits the thickness of the ice sheet. Before the
Quaternary, northern
121:
played a role in the increase in amplitude of glacial-interglacial cycles because this increase in carbon storage capacity is coincident with the transition from 41-kyr to 100-kyr glacial-interglacial cycles.
1238:
Zhan, Tao; Yang, Ye; Liang, Yanxia; Liu, Xiaoyan; Zeng, Fangming; Ge, Junyi; Ma, Yongfa; Zhao, Keliang; Zhou, Xinying; Jiang, Xia; Huang, Rongfu; Wang, Xun; Zhou, Xin; Deng, Chenglong (1 February 2023).
36:
Five million years of glacial cycles are shown, based on oxygen isotope ratio believed to be a good proxy of global ice volume. The MPT is the transition between the periodicities shown in green.
225:, with stratification being stronger during interstadials than stadials. Paradoxically, variability in ΔδO in the Bay of Bengal between glacials and interglacials decreased following the MPT.
750:
Farmer, J. R.; Hönisch, B.; Haynes, L. L.; Kroon, D.; Jung, S.; Ford, H. L.; Raymo, M. E.; Jaume-Seguí, M.; Bell, D. B.; Goldstein, S. L.; Pena, L. D.; Yehudai, M.; Kim, J. (8 April 2019).
1447:
Ellerton, D.; Rittenour, T. M.; Shulmeister, J.; Roberts, A. P.; Miot da Silva, G.; Gontz, A.; Hesp, P. A.; Moss, T.; Patton, N.; Santini, T.; Welsh, K.; Zhao, X. (14 November 2022).
1119:"LARGE MAMMALS FAUNAL DYNAMICS IN SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE DURING THE LATE EARLY PLEISTOCENE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BIOCHRONOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AND CORRELATION OF MAMMALIAN FAUNAS"
1321:"A paleoproductivity shift in the northwestern Bay of Bengal (IODP Site U1445) across the Mid-Pleistocene transition in response to weakening of the Indian summer monsoon"
1148:
Capozzi, Rossella; Picotti, Vincenzo; Bracchi, Valentina Alice; Caridi, Francesca; Sabbatini, Anna; Taviani, Marco; Bernasconi, Stefano; Negri, Alessandra (1 April 2024).
1602:
1554:
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1245:
1154:
991:
Ohneiser, Christian; Hulbe, Christina L.; Beltran, Catherine; Riesselman, Christina R.; Moy, Christopher M.; Condon, Donna B.; Worthington, Rachel A. (5 December 2022).
221:
experienced increased stratification as a result of the strengthening of the ISM, which resulted in increased riverine flux, inhibiting mixing and creating a shallow
1598:"Environmental changes in the East Equatorial Pacific during the Mid Pleistocene Transition and implications for the Last Global Extinction of benthic foraminifera"
1241:"Decreasing summer monsoon precipitation during the Mid-Pleistocene transition revealed by a pollen record from lacustrine deposits of the Northeast Plain of China"
101:
may be related to changes in volcanic outgassing, the burial of ocean sediments, carbonate weathering or iron fertilization of oceans from glacially induced dust.
1150:"Mid-Pleistocene Transition at a shallowing shelf: Tectonic and eustatic forcings in the paleoenvironment of the Enza section, Northern Apennines mountain front"
585:
236:
and the
Cooloola Sand Mass. The increasing amplitude of sea level variations led to increased redistribution of sediments stored on the seafloor across the
68:
epoch. Before the MPT, the glacial cycles were dominated by a 41,000-year periodicity with low-amplitude, thin ice sheets, and a linear relationship to the
826:"Global Evidence of Obliquity Damping in Climate Proxies and Sea-Level Record during the Last 1.2 Ma: A Missing Link for the Mid-Pleistocene Transition"
920:"Glacial variability over the last two million years: an extended depth-derived agemodel, continuous obliquity pacing, and the Pleistocene progression"
244:
by drastically decreasing the flow of sediment to the area of continental shelf north of Fraser Island, a necessary precondition for the growth of
1647:
475:
474:
Clark, Peter U; Archer, David; Pollard, David; Blum, Joel D; Rial, Jose A; Brovkin, Victor; Mix, Alan C; Pisias, Nicklas G; Roy, Martin (2006).
691:
648:
432:
737:"Chalk et al. (2017): Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, PNAS December 12, 2017 114 (50) 13114-13119"
1281:"Vegetation change and evolutionary response of large mammal fauna during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition in temperate northern East Asia"
584:
Yamamoto, Masanobu; Clemens, Steven C.; Seki, Osamu; Tsuchiya, Yuko; Huang, Yongsong; O'ishi, Ryouta; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako (31 March 2022).
1039:
Cronin, T.M.; DeNinno, L.H.; Polyak, L.; Caverly, E.K.; Poore, R.Z.; Brenner, A.; Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.; Marzen, R.E. (September 2014).
966:
Petra Bajo; et al. (2020). "Persistent influence of obliquity on ice age terminations since the Middle
Pleistocene transition".
881:
1279:
Zhou, Xinying; Yang, Jilong; Wang, Shiqi; Xiao, Guoqiao; Zhao, Keliang; Zheng, Yan; Shen, Hui; Li, Xiaoqiang (15 September 2018).
213:
During the MPT, the Indian Summer
Monsoon (ISM) decreased in strength. In the middle of the MPT, there was a sudden decrease in
1548:
Faichney, Iain D. E.; Webster, Jody M.; Clague, David A.; Braga, Juan C.; Renema, Willem; Potts, Donald C. (15 January 2011).
476:"The middle Pleistocene transition: characteristics, mechanisms, and implications for long-term changes in atmospheric pCO2"
1500:"Southern Ocean sourced waters modulate Eastern Equatorial Pacific denitrification during the Mid-Pleistocene transition"
1405:
377:"Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2 and regolith removal | Science Advances"
1550:"The impact of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition on the composition of submerged reefs of the Maui Nui Complex, Hawaii"
642:
Bailey, Ian; Bolton, Clara T.; DeConto, Robert M.; Pollard, David; Schiebel, Ralf; Wilson, Paul A. (26 March 2010).
1204:
924:
685:
Panieri, Giuliana; Knies, Jochen; Vadakkepuliyambatta, Sunil; Lee, Amicia L.; Schubert, Carsten J. (8 April 2023).
483:
64:
glaciations. The transition occurred gradually, taking place approximately 1.25–0.7 million years ago, in the
1642:
1449:"Fraser Island (K'gari) and initiation of the Great Barrier Reef linked by Middle Pleistocene sea-level change"
1083:
138:
786:
536:
Yan, Yuzhen; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Shackleton, Sarah; Higgins, John A. (8 December 2022).
152:
1200:"Westerly aridity in the western Tarim Basin driven by global cooling since the mid-Pleistocene transition"
1198:
Liu, Hongye; Zhang, Rui; Gu, Yansheng; Dai, Gaowen; Li, Lin; Guan, Shuo; Fu, Zhongbiao (15 December 2023).
1549:
1361:"Prolonged South Asian Monsoon variability and weakened denitrification during Mid-Pleistocene Transition"
1079:"Loop Current attenuation after the Mid-Pleistocene Transition contributes to Northern hemisphere cooling"
292:
1399:
Bhadra, Sudhira R.; Saraswat, Rajeev; Kumar, Sanjeev; Verma, Sangeeta; Naik, Dinesh Kumar (August 2023).
1041:"Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean"
830:
1596:
Diz, Paula; Peñalver-Clavel, Irene; Hernández-Almeida, Iván; Bernasconi, Stefano M. (1 February 2020).
508:
97:
from northern hemisphere areas subject to glacial processes during the
Quaternary. The reduction in CO
1662:
1462:
1414:
933:
890:
839:
765:
700:
657:
492:
441:
325:
267:
217:, likely due to increased solubility of oxygen during lengthened glacial periods. After the MPT, the
81:
428:"A gradual change is more likely to have caused the Mid-Pleistocene Transition than an abrupt event"
313:
1652:
644:"A low threshold for North Atlantic ice rafting from "low-slung slippery" late Pliocene ice sheets"
277:
134:
90:
69:
85:. The MPT can now be reproduced by numerical models that assume a decreasing level of atmospheric
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1400:
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919:
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341:
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continued to be governed dominantly by fluctuations in obliquity until about 400,000 years ago.
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17:
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79:
The Mid-Pleistocene
Transition was long a problem to explain, as described in the article
1466:
1418:
937:
894:
843:
769:
704:
661:
496:
445:
329:
258:
disappeared from this reef complex. Benthic foraminiferal diversity in the EEP dropped.
129:
However, a 2020 study concluded that ice age terminations might have been influenced by
32:
586:"Increased interglacial atmospheric CO2 levels followed the mid-Pleistocene Transition"
403:
376:
171:
118:
86:
1401:"Mid-Pleistocene Transition altered upper water column structure in the Bay of Bengal"
1636:
1484:
1118:
1018:
992:
903:
876:
803:
621:
563:
537:
233:
218:
187:. The increased intensity of transgressive-regressive cycles is recorded in northern
106:
57:
1426:
1217:
945:
751:
504:
345:
169:-Galerian transition and may have led to the local extinction of, among other taxa,
1056:
159:
145:
993:"West Antarctic ice volume variability paced by obliquity until 400,000 years ago"
337:
1615:
1567:
1517:
1378:
1338:
1298:
1258:
1167:
1096:
852:
825:
752:"Deep Atlantic Ocean carbon storage and the rise of 100,000-year glacial cycles"
222:
195:
177:
65:
1475:
1448:
1010:
713:
686:
603:
555:
454:
427:
194:
The cooling brought about by the MPT increased westerly aridity in the western
162:
decreased in strength, contributing to the cooling of the
Northern Hemisphere.
777:
245:
130:
117:
It has also been proposed that an enlarged deep ocean carbon inventory in the
61:
1575:
861:
795:
722:
538:"Early Pleistocene East Antarctic temperature in phase with local insolation"
977:
736:
272:
199:
412:
394:
133:
since the Mid-Pleistocene
Transition, which caused stronger summers in the
240:. The development of Fraser Island indirectly led to the formation of the
670:
643:
254:
183:
148:
94:
1176:
1359:
Tripathi, Shubham; Tiwari, Manish; Behera, Padmasini (15 August 2023).
110:
1526:
612:
426:
Legrain, Etienne; Parrenin, Frédéric; Capron, Emilie (23 March 2023).
72:
from axial tilt. Because of this, sheets were more dynamic during the
207:
375:
Brovkin, V.; Calov, R.; Ganopolski, A.; Willeit, M. (April 2019).
188:
687:"Evidence of Arctic methane emissions across the mid-Pleistocene"
229:
1319:
Lee, Jongmin; Kim, Sunghan; Khim, Boo-Keun (15 December 2020).
248:
on such an enormous scale as found in the Great
Barrier Reef.
198:. East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) precipitation declined.
137:. Evidence suggests that fluctuations in the volume of the
314:"Mid-Pleistocene revolution and the 'eccentricity myth'"
228:
In Australia the MPT resulted in the formation of the
1498:
Diz, Paula; Pérez-Arlucea, Marta (1 September 2021).
1077:
Hübscher, Christian; Nürnberg, Dirk (February 2023).
972:. Vol. 367, no. 6483. pp. 1235–1239.
1603:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1555:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1505:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1366:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1326:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1286:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1246:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1155:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
787:20.500.11820/a56ecd3b-7adc-4d37-8ca2-8e17440b1ff5
318:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
56:), is a fundamental change in the behaviour of
531:
529:
8:
877:"Climate friction and the Earth's obliquity"
312:Maslin, Mark A.; Ridgwell, Andy J. (2005).
165:In Europe, the MPT was associated with the
875:Levrard, B.; Laskar, J. (September 2003).
1525:
1474:
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902:
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712:
669:
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364:
362:
93:to this decrease, and gradual removal of
31:
27:Change in glacial cycles c. 1m years ago
469:
467:
465:
304:
144:A major faunal turnover occurred among
692:Communications Earth & Environment
433:Communications Earth & Environment
649:Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
7:
1625:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1585:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1537:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1436:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1388:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1348:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1308:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1268:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1227:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1187:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1106:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1066:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
955:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1123:Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary
1117:Palombo, Maria Rita (19 May 2016).
824:Viaggi, Paolo (21 November 2023).
25:
882:Geophysical Journal International
904:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.02021.x
1427:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104174
1218:10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108412
946:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.013
918:Huybers, Peter (January 2007).
505:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.008
1648:Events that forced the climate
1057:10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.05.001
491:(23–24). Elsevier: 3150–3184.
1:
338:10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.247.01.02
18:Middle Pleistocene Transition
1616:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109487
1568:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.11.027
1518:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110531
1379:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111637
1339:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110018
1299:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.007
1259:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111357
1168:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112087
1097:10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106976
1406:Global and Planetary Change
853:10.3390/geosciences13120354
1679:
1476:10.1038/s41561-022-01062-6
1205:Quaternary Science Reviews
1011:10.1038/s41561-022-01088-w
925:Quaternary Science Reviews
714:10.1038/s43247-023-00772-y
604:10.1038/s41561-022-00918-1
556:10.1038/s41561-022-01095-x
484:Quaternary Science Reviews
455:10.1038/s43247-023-00754-0
50:Mid-Pleistocene Revolution
42:Mid-Pleistocene Transition
778:10.1038/s41561-019-0334-6
1045:Marine Micropaleontology
139:West Antarctic Ice Sheet
978:10.1126/science.aaw1114
153:planktonic foraminifera
395:10.1126/sciadv.aav7337
293:Timeline of glaciation
37:
48:), also known as the
35:
671:10.1029/2009PA001736
268:100,000-year problem
202:expanded across the
184:Xenocyon lycaonoides
82:100,000-year problem
70:Milankovitch forcing
1467:2022NatGe..15.1017E
1419:2023GPC...22704174B
938:2007QSRv...26...37H
895:2003GeoJI.154..970L
844:2023Geosc..13..354V
770:2019NatGe..12..355F
705:2023ComEE...4..109P
662:2010PalOc..25.1212B
497:2006QSRv...25.3150C
446:2023ComEE...4...90L
330:2005GSLSP.247...19M
278:Milankovitch cycles
135:Northern Hemisphere
242:Great Barrier Reef
178:Megantereon whitei
38:
1461:(12): 1017–1026.
1454:Nature Geoscience
998:Nature Geoscience
757:Nature Geoscience
591:Nature Geoscience
543:Nature Geoscience
514:on 31 August 2017
238:continental shelf
204:North China Plain
167:Epivillafranchian
74:Early Pleistocene
16:(Redirected from
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1643:Paleoclimatology
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507:. Archived from
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382:Science Advances
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288:Paleothermometer
283:Paleoclimatology
151:and benthic and
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389:(4): eaav7337.
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215:denitrification
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1084:Marine Geology
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932:(1–2): 37–55.
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598:(4): 307–313.
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172:Puma pardoides
119:Atlantic Ocean
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87:carbon dioxide
58:glacial cycles
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1621:9 September
1581:9 September
1533:9 September
1384:9 September
1344:9 September
1304:9 September
1293:: 287–294.
1264:9 September
1223:9 September
1183:9 September
1133:25 February
1102:9 September
1062:9 September
1051:: 118–133.
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831:Geosciences
809:20 December
656:(1): 1–14.
246:coral reefs
223:thermocline
196:Tarim Basin
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1653:Glaciology
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149:ostracods
131:obliquity
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1658:Ice ages
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569:19 April
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346:73611295
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255:Acropora
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