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60:
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Patriotic War of 1812 about the liberation campaigns of the
Russian Army of 1813-14. Sources. Monuments. Problems. Materials of the XXIII International Scientific Conference, 3–5 September 2019. Borodino, 2020. // S. Yu. Rychkov. The historical memory about the participants of the Borodino battle in
1074:
3rd class (8 January 1807, no. 139) - "In the great reward of bravery and courage, rendered in the battle against the French troops on
December 14th at Pultusk, where he commanded the vanguard ahead pravago flank, with a special skill and prudence kept the enemy at all times of battle and overturned
824:
Nevertheless, the
Russians keenly opposed the appointment of a non-Russian as commander-in-chief. His rivals spread rumors of his being Napoleon's agent, and the populace condemned him as a coward. Barclay was forced by his subordinates and the Tsar to engage Napoleon at
658:
to various senior officers in several campaigns. In that year, he was appointed commander of the
Estland Jaeger Corps, and three years later commander of the 4th Jaeger Regiment, becoming its chief in 1799, soon after being promoted to general major for his service in
1318:
Whereas his lineage as a Baltic-Scottish Baron (and as such: Non-Russian) had caused him to be derided by
Russian historians in the late 19th and throughout the 20th century in favor of Kutuzov, his image as a leader has undergone a positive reassessment in recent
829:(17–18 August 1812). Napoleon forced Barclay to retreat when he threatened Barclay's only escape route. After the loss of the "Holy City" of Smolensk, the outcry of officers and civilians grew to a point where the Tsar could no longer ignore it. He appointed
960:, on 26 May 1818 (14 May, Old Style) on his way from his Livonian manor to Germany, where he wanted to renew his health. His and his wife Helene Auguste Eleonore von Smitten's remains were embalmed and put into the mausoleum built to a design by
498:
took place nearby. Barclay commanded the right wing and center of the
Russian army for the battle. After Napoleon's retreat, the eventual success of Barclay's tactics made him a hero among Russians. He became Commander-in-Chief in 1813 after the
587:
in 1776, and he would spend the rest of his life with the military. He had two brothers who also served in the
Russian army: Axel Heinrich Barclay de Tolly, a Major General of Engineers, and Erich Johann Barclay de Tolly, a Major of Artillery.
4551:
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804:
During
Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812, Barclay assumed the supreme command of the 1st Army of the West, the largest of the Russian armies facing Napoleon. He used a strategy of retreat leaving behind
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in 1807 while his troops were covering the retreat of the
Russian army. Because of his wounds, he was forced to leave command. The following year, he carried out successful operations in the
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and was raised by his aunt. This was a common occurrence among the German
Protestants, and it gave the young man an exposure to higher society unavailable in the Baltic provinces.
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Michael Andreas's grandfather, Wilhelm Barclay de Tolly, served as the mayor of Riga, while his father served in the Russian army before being admitted into the ranks of the
1078:
4th class (16 September 1794, no. 547) - "For outstanding courage, rendered against the Polish insurgents in the capture of fortifications and by the mountains. Villeneuve"
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In 1791, Michael married his cousin, Auguste Helena Eleonora von Smitten (1770–1828), daughter of Hinrich Johann von Smitten (1731–1782) and Renata Helena von
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advised Kutuzov to surrender unfortified Moscow to the enemy. His illness made itself known at that time and he was forced to leave the army soon afterwards.
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as Commander-in-Chief, though Barclay remained in charge of the 1st Army. However, Kutuzov continued the same scorched earth retreat up to Moscow where the
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1852:
1224:
833:, previously a general at the battle of Austerlitz, as the over-all commander of the Russian forces. Barclay remained General of the 1st Army of the West.
890:(16–19 October 1813). In the latter battle, he commanded a central part of the Allied forces so effectively that the tsar bestowed upon him the title of
4658:
2245:
4030:
1301:
The Nesvizhskiy 4th Grenadier regiment (the General-Field Marshal Prince Barklay-de-Tolli, Mikhail Bogdanovich's) was named for the Prince in 1880s.
1715:
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561:, Livonia, which was his mother's family estate. The commonly accepted birth date of 27 December 1761 is actually the day of his baptism in the
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1065:- Barclay de Tolly was the second of four full Knights of St. George in the history of the Order. This includes his contemporary, Kutuzov
924:
occupied France, and he was made a prince at the close of the war. As his health grew worse, he left the military and settled down in his
1360:-300ER aircraft manufactured by the Boeing Corporation, named in honor of the outstanding Russian military leader - M. Barclay de Tolly.
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1021:(1749–1786). After the extinction of the Barclay de Tolly princely line with his son Magnus on 29 October 1871 (17 October, Old Style),
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from the beginning of the campaign in order to draw the French supply lines deep into Russian territory and retreated to the village of
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920:, receiving the baton of a Field Marshal in reward. In 1815 he again served as commander-in-chief of the Russian army, which after the
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Barclay commanded the right flank at the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) with great valour and presence of mind, and during the
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851:, misunderstood by his contemporaries and rejected by the court. His popularity soared, and his honour was restored by the tsar.
519:
Michael Andreas was born to Gotthard Barclay de Tolly (1734–1781) and his wife Margarethe Elisabeth von Smitten (1733-1771). The
821:, although some consider the strategy merely a confluence of diverse circumstances and not attributable to the will of one man.
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674:. After a period of convalescence, Barclay returned to the army and in 1808 commanded operations against the Swedes during the
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670:(December 1806) and was wounded at the Battle of Eylau (7 February 1807), where his conduct won him promotion to the rank of
42:
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2011:
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217:
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In 1789, during the Russo-Swedish War, he was transferred to the Finnish front. Four years later, he fought in the
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511:, for which he was made a Field Marshal. His health later declined and he died on a visit to Germany in 1818.
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in winter during a snowstorm. For his accomplishments, Barclay de Tolly was appointed Governor-General of the
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and Governor-General of Finland. A year later, he became Minister of War, retaining the post until 1813.
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against Sweden. Barclay led a large number of Russian troops approximately 100 km across the frozen
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2nd class bol.kr. (21 October 1812, no. 44) - "For his part in the Battle of Borodino on 26 August 1812"
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1st class (19 August 1813, no. 11) - "For the defeat of the French at the Battle of Kulm 18 August 1813"
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policy from the beginning of the campaign, though this made him unpopular among Russians. After the
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After Kutuzov's death, he once again became commander-in-chief of the Russian forces at the
847:
After Napoleon was driven from Russia, the eventual success of Barclay's tactics made him a
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31:
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643:. For his role in the capture of Ochakov, he was personally decorated by Prince Potemkin.
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In 1806, Barclay began commanding in the Napoleonic Wars, distinguishing himself at the
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He was also the namesake of a short-lived Russian fortress in the Hawaiian Islands.
1092:, 1st class (15 September 1811), 2nd class (7 March 1807), 4th class (12 July 1788)
957:
921:
691:
655:
527:
153:
1988:
906:
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1800:
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1937:
1312:
1311:, evoking an earlier 1913 monument that was melted down for military use during
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65:
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In the war of 1806 against Napoleon, Barclay took a distinguished part in the
1911:
The Russian Officer Corps in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815
1307:
A statue of Barclay de Tolly was erected in 2001 in the Esplanade gardens in
1929:
1782:
902:
106:
1086:
with diamonds and laurels with the inscription" for 20 January 1814" (1814)
486:
failed to halt the French and discontent among Russians continued to grow,
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818:
640:
562:
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507:(who had been appointed after Kutuzov's death early in 1813) and led the
475:
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910:
732: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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allowed the field marshal's sister's grandson through female lineage,
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Barclay took part in the invasion of France in 1814 and commanded the
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1566:
1349:
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814:
371:
Coat of arms of the princely Barclay de Tolly family of 1815, in the
136:
1531:
Biography on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Defense
2223:
1291:
1006:
979:
970:
896:
891:
635:. During this campaign, he distinguished himself in the taking of
612:
595:
366:
416:. His father was the first of his family to be accepted into the
1698:"Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft, Seite 424"
1680:"Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft, Seite 442"
1308:
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in Sweden. For this exploit, immortalized by the Russian poet
576:
by the Tsar. From 1765, the young Barclay de Tolly grew up in
1989:
Pictures of the de Tolly statue in Riga at sites-of-memory.de
1001:, a full-size bronze-mounted statue by Vladimir Surovtsev in
2210:
1296:
Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly. Russia postage stamp, 2011
1517:. Vol. 2. London: St Catherine Press. pp. 279–80.
583:
The future field marshal started his active service in the
859:
Barclay was re-employed in the field and took part in the
424:
at a young age in 1776. He served with distinction in the
4699:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree
1598:
1596:
1594:
623:
regiments, and with his unit was assigned to the army of
1742:
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4524) Barklajdetolli
1872:(in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus.
654:. He was a lieutenant colonel by 1794 after serving as
619:
by May 1778. In the same year, he joined the Imperial
4709:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
470:
began in 1812, Barclay de Tolly was commander of the
4704:
Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William
1576:
1356:
In 2013, JSC Aeroflot-Russian Airlines received the
682:, which allowed him to surprise the enemy and seize
459:. From 20 January 1810 to September 1812 he was the
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1977:
Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft
1802:
The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
1740:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4524) Barklajdetolli".
678:. In 1809, he successfully marched over the frozen
650:, and was decorated for his role in the capture of
354:
227:
213:
203:
195:
183:
165:
143:
113:
80:
72:
39:
4724:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
4654:People from the Russian Empire of Scottish descent
1348:"Barclay de Tolly" was the name given in 1820 to
1107:Golden Cross for taking Ochakov (7 December 1788)
878:(21 May 1813), and in this capacity he served at
633:Victor Amadeus of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
530:. Their ancestor, Peter Barclay, belonged to the
4644:People from the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
997:. He is also commemorated by a modern statue in
4423:England expects that every man will do his duty
1098:(9 September 1809); diamonds added (9 May 1813)
4729:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
1950:Great Russian Encyclopedia. Electronic version
1799:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory; Fisher, Todd (2004).
989:A grand statue of him was erected in front of
615:on 13 May 1776, and he achieved the rank of a
390:16 December] 1761 – 26 May [
4714:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword
4684:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
4674:Russian military personnel of the Finnish War
4480:
2239:
2077:
534:or Tolly branch of the family and settled in
8:
4649:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
1856:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1552:The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Lithuania
1449:Mikhail Bogdanovich, Prince Barclay de Tolly
1443:
1441:
4639:People from Pakruojis District Municipality
4496:Governor-Generals of Grand Duchy of Finland
1823:Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era
1744:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 389.
1716:"31 greatest commanders in Russian history"
1447:Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "
1225:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
600:Statue of Barclay de Tolly in front of the
359:
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2324:
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2084:
2070:
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1993:
1928:Barclay de Tolly, Michael Andreas (1912).
1588:p. 25, Mikaberidze, Russian Officer Corps.
1382:Kni͡az' Mihail Bogdanovič Barklay de Tolli
58:
36:
4739:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Louis
4694:Russian people of the Kościuszko Uprising
4669:Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
1892:The Commander: A Life of Barclay de Tolly
1847:"Barclay de Tolly, Michael Andreas"
1641:The Commander: A Life of Barclay de Tolly
1639:Michael Josselson, and Diana Josselson,
1464:
1352:island in the Tuamotus, French Polynesia.
792:Learn how and when to remove this message
4719:Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
1602:
1398:Князь Михаил Богданович Барклай де Толли
542:in Livonia. Michael Andreas was born in
523:were German-speaking descendants of the
4679:Governors of the Grand Duchy of Finland
1934:(in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Soykin.
1437:
1369:
1110:Cross "For the victory of Eylau" (1807)
384:Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
52:Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
2569:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
1410:Fürst Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
631:, Barclay served under the command of
443:that same year. He was wounded at the
4251:Spanish American wars of independence
1455:, 20 Dec. 2022. Accessed 10 May 2023.
1033:on 12 June 1872 (31 May, Old Style).
944:) (in what is now southern Estonia).
461:Minister of War of the Russian Empire
121:12 September] 1818 (aged 56)
7:
4664:Field marshals of the Russian Empire
1422:Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly
730:adding citations to reliable sources
76:Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly
4734:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
4236:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
2093:War ministers of the Russian Empire
1894:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1870:Kindralfeldmarssal Barclay de Tolly
1230:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
1773:the names of ships. Pages 302-329.
741:"Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly"
25:
2044:Minister of Land Forces of Russia
1617:War and Peace by graf Leo Tolstoy
1477:Carl Arvid von Klingspor (1882).
1251:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
4659:Nobility from the Russian Empire
4607:
4111:Frederick William III of Prussia
4091:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
2119:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
1630:See Book III, Part 2, Chapter 1.
1577:Fremont-Barnes & Fisher 2004
1330:in 1981, was named in his honor.
1265:
1243:
1217:
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1167:
1144:
1116:
1043:
706:
538:in 1621; his son later moved to
386:(baptised 27 December [
170:
4231:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
4161:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1909:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2005).
1702:personen.digitale-sammlungen.de
1684:personen.digitale-sammlungen.de
1514:A History of the Barclay Family
1159:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1031:Prince Barclay de Tolly-Weymarn
717:needs additional citations for
401:who figured prominently in the
4146:Prince Regent John of Portugal
4056:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
4001:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
3996:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1979:, de Tolly family tree in the
1750:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4463
991:Kazan Cathedral, St Petersburg
555:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
98:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
4171:Prince Charles John of Sweden
1783:JSC Aeroflot-Russian Airlines
1718:. russian7.ru. Archived from
1345:) operated steam tug Barclay.
1096:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
394:14 May] 1818) was a
247:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
235:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
1931:Image of hostilities in 1812
1820:Nafziger, George F. (2001).
611:Barclay was enlisted in the
131:(present-day Chernyakhovsk,
2012:Governor-General of Finland
1890:; Josselson, Diana (1980).
1511:Barclay, Hubert F. (1933).
1337:river shipping company MRF
1279:Military Order of St. Henry
629:Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)
627:. In 1788–1789, during the
565:church of the town of
474:, the largest Army to face
430:Russo-Swedish War (1788–90)
426:Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)
218:Governor-General of Finland
27:Russian general (1761–1818)
4760:
4006:Frederick I of Württemberg
2376:Confederation of the Rhine
2005:Georg Magnus Sprengtporten
1913:. New York: Savas Beatie.
1628:– via gutenberg.org.
1483:. Stockholm. p. 112.
1237:Sword with diamonds (1816)
1104:, 1st class (7 March 1807)
954:Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk)
869:War of the Sixth Coalition
339:Battle of Fère-Champenoise
30:For the noble family, see
29:
4744:French invasion of Russia
4605:
4502:
4166:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
4156:William, Prince of Orange
3966:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
2295:French Invasion of Russia
2261:
2208:
2104:
2050:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2018:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1943:Bezotosny, V. M. (2016).
1557:27 September 2007 at the
1536:29 September 2007 at the
1288:Commemoratives and legacy
1029:, to assume the title of
993:at the behest of Emperor
952:Barclay de Tolly died at
613:Pskov Carabineer Regiment
468:French invasion of Russia
57:
4076:Archduke John of Austria
4071:Prince von Schwarzenberg
3916:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1785:, aex.ru. 29 March 2013.
1136:Order of the Black Eagle
1013:Personal life and family
886:(29–30 August 1813) and
697:
408:Barclay was born into a
377:Carl Arvid von Klingspor
373:Baltic Coat of arms book
360:§ Awards and decorations
334:Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
152:(present-day Jõgeveste,
18:Mikhail Barclay de Tolly
4011:Frederick VI of Denmark
3961:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2751:Greater Poland uprising
2574:Duc d'Enghien Execution
2137:Pyotr Meller-Zakomelsky
1981:Oesel Noble Corporation
1853:Encyclopædia Britannica
1453:Encyclopedia Britannica
1417:Encyclopædia Britannica
1322:The main-belt asteroid
978:of Barclay de Tolly in
966:Vasily Demut-Malinovsky
865:French Campaign of 1814
861:German Campaign of 1813
648:Polish Campaign of 1794
521:Barclay de Tolly family
117:24 September [
4131:Ferdinand VII of Spain
2579:Coronation of Napoleon
2215:
1297:
1257:Military William Order
1130:Order of the Red Eagle
1084:Gold Sword for Bravery
1037:Awards and decorations
986:
968:in 1832 in Jõgeveste.
913:
608:
478:. Barclay initiated a
457:Grand Duchy of Finland
380:
101:(present-day Pamūšis,
4418:Conference of Dresden
4327:Paris (February 1812)
4256:Swedish–Norwegian War
4081:Alexander I of Russia
2214:
2147:Alexander Chernyshyov
1480:Baltisches Wappenbuch
1295:
1090:Order of St. Vladimir
1027:Alexander von Weymarn
1005:, a bust monument in
974:
900:
882:(26–27 August 1813),
604:in St Petersburg, by
599:
585:Imperial Russian Army
515:Early life and family
422:Imperial Russian Army
420:. Barclay joined the
370:
329:Battle of La Rothière
196:Years of service
190:Imperial Russian Army
4372:Fontainebleau (1814)
3926:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2847:Invasion of Portugal
2187:Vladimir Sukhomlinov
1868:Helme, Rein (2006).
1209:Order of Saint Louis
726:improve this article
472:1st Army of the West
4398:Bourbon Restoration
4141:Maria I of Portugal
4126:Prince of Hohenlohe
4116:Gebhard von Blücher
3059:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
2366:Swiss Confederation
2142:Alexander Tatischev
2029:Government offices
1826:. Scarecrow Press.
1328:Lyudmila Zhuravleva
1324:4524 Barklajdetolli
1201:Grand Cross of the
1063:Order of St. George
1057:Order of St. Andrew
811:Tsaryovo-Zaimishche
698:Napoleon's invasion
434:Kościuszko Uprising
252:Kościuszko Uprising
46:His Serene Highness
4689:Cavalry commanders
4413:Continental System
4408:Congress of Erfurt
4332:Paris (March 1812)
4106:Peter Wittgenstein
4031:Duke of Wellington
3986:Prince Poniatowski
3951:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3936:Auguste de Marmont
3331:Arroyo dos Molinos
3179:Walcheren Campaign
3169:Armistice of Znaim
3064:Dalmatian Campaign
2989:Tyrolean Rebellion
2216:
2182:Alexander Roediger
2172:Aleksei Kuropatkin
2157:Nikolai Sukhozanet
2114:Aleksei Arakcheyev
2109:Sergei Vyazmitinov
2037:Aleksey Arakcheyev
1997:Political offices
1945:"БАРКЛАЙ ДЕ ТОЛЛИ"
1888:Josselson, Michael
1298:
1281:, 1st class (1815)
1259:, 1st class (1815)
1211:, 1st class (1816)
1183:, 1st class (1814)
1181:Order of the Sword
1124:Kingdom of Prussia
1059:(7 September 1813)
987:
914:
867:, which ended the
855:Conquest of France
838:celebrated council
672:lieutenant general
609:
496:Battle of Borodino
484:Battle of Smolensk
381:
304:Battle of Borodino
299:Battle of Valutino
294:Battle of Smolensk
257:Capture of Vilnius
133:Kaliningrad Oblast
128:Kingdom of Prussia
4616:
4615:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4450:Types of military
4246:Russo-Turkish War
4241:Russo-Persian War
4209:Anglo-Turkish War
4204:Anglo-Swedish War
4199:Anglo-Spanish War
4194:Anglo-Russian War
4121:Duke of Brunswick
4024:political leaders
3904:political leaders
3888:
3887:
2893:Medina de Rioseco
2615:Haslach-Jungingen
2549:French Revolution
2526:
2525:
2309:Seventh Coalition
2221:
2220:
2192:Aleksei Polivanov
2152:Vasily Dolgorukov
2132:Pyotr Konovnitsyn
2125:Aleksei Gorchakov
2060:
2059:
2054:Aleksey Gorchakov
2051:Succeeded by
2019:Succeeded by
1920:978-1-932714-02-9
1901:978-0-19-215854-3
1879:978-9985-70-202-4
1759:978-3-540-00238-3
1655:"Hotell De Tolly"
1490:978-0-543-98710-5
1273:Kingdom of Saxony
1232:Order of the Bath
1196:Kingdom of France
1175:Kingdom of Sweden
1157:Commander of the
1102:Order of St. Anna
962:Apollon Shchedrin
901:Barclay de Tolly
876:Battle of Bautzen
802:
801:
794:
776:
668:Battle of Pultusk
501:battle of Bautzen
441:Battle of Pułtusk
365:
364:
324:Battle of Leipzig
314:Battle of Dresden
309:Battle of Bautzen
289:Battle of Vitebsk
279:Battle of Pułtusk
16:(Redirected from
4751:
4611:
4555:
4512:Barclay de Tolly
4489:
4482:
4475:
4466:
4226:Dano-Swedish War
4214:Anglo-Danish War
4066:Archduke Charles
3981:Jérôme Bonaparte
3897:
3830:Castel di Sangro
3739:Fère-Champenoise
3392:García Hernández
3306:Fuentes de Oñoro
2822:Guttstadt-Deppen
2559:Second Coalition
2537:
2518:French Royalists
2325:
2274:Fourth Coalition
2248:
2241:
2234:
2225:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2063:
2034:Preceded by
2022:Fabian Steinheil
2002:Preceded by
1994:
1985:
1972:Barclay de Tolly
1961:
1959:
1957:
1935:
1924:
1905:
1883:
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1849:
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1659:hotelldetolly.ee
1653:Anderson, Sten.
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1402:Барклай-де-Толли
1390:Barklay-de-Tolli
1374:
1326:, discovered by
1271:
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1268:
1249:
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1223:
1221:
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1203:Legion of Honour
1194:
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1119:
1049:
1047:
1046:
797:
790:
786:
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777:
775:
734:
710:
702:
574:Russian nobility
552:
418:Russian nobility
240:Siege of Ochakov
185:
176:
174:
173:
95:
62:
37:
32:Barclay de Tolly
21:
4759:
4758:
4754:
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4749:
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4619:
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4617:
4612:
4603:
4549:
4498:
4493:
4463:
4454:
4381:
4265:
4186:
4180:
4136:Miguel de Álava
4101:Pyotr Bagration
4096:Count Bennigsen
4086:Mikhail Kutuzov
4051:Thomas Cochrane
4023:
4021:
4015:
3976:Louis Bonaparte
3903:
3901:
3900:French and ally
3884:
3768:
3684:Château-Thierry
3647:
3511:
3482:Maloyaroslavets
3340:
3254:
3208:
2999:Yevenes/Yébenes
2957:
2873:Rosily Squadron
2851:
2775:
2741:Waren-Nossentin
2669:
2600:Cape Finisterre
2583:
2554:First Coalition
2532:
2522:
2429:
2422:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2314:
2302:Sixth Coalition
2288:Fifth Coalition
2267:Third Coalition
2257:
2255:Napoleonic Wars
2252:
2222:
2217:
2206:
2202:Mikhail Belyaev
2197:Dmitri Shuvayev
2177:Viktor Sakharov
2167:Pyotr Vannovsky
2162:Dmitri Milyutin
2100:
2090:
2056:
2047:
2039:
2024:
2015:
2007:
1983:
1968:
1955:
1953:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1908:
1902:
1886:
1880:
1867:
1864:
1862:Further reading
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1559:Wayback Machine
1549:(in Lithuanian)
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1538:Wayback Machine
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1168:
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1152:Austrian Empire
1145:
1143:
1117:
1115:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1015:
950:
926:Jõgeveste manor
918:taking of Paris
857:
798:
787:
781:
778:
735:
733:
723:
711:
700:
680:Gulf of Bothnia
625:Prince Potemkin
602:Kazan Cathedral
594:
592:Service history
546:
517:
509:taking of Paris
492:Mikhail Kutuzov
453:Gulf of Bothnia
445:Battle of Eylau
403:Napoleonic Wars
350:
344:Battle of Paris
284:Battle of Eylau
274:Napoleonic Wars
262:Battle of Praga
222:Minister of War
220:
171:
169:
161:
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130:
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103:Šiauliai County
100:
89:
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68:
53:
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35:
28:
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4459:
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4445:Longwood House
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4151:Count of Feira
4148:
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4123:
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4103:
4098:
4093:
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4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4046:Horatio Nelson
4043:
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4027:
4025:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3956:Marshal Victor
3953:
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3770:
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3761:
3756:
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3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Arcis-sur-Aube
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
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3676:
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3477:Venta del Pozo
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3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3352:Ciudad Rodrigo
3348:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
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3308:
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3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3230:Ciudad Rodrigo
3227:
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3214:
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3209:
3207:
3206:
3204:Alba de Tormes
3201:
3196:
3191:
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3176:
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3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
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3126:
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3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Aspern-Essling
3101:
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2706:Jena–Auerstedt
2703:
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2438:United Kingdom
2434:
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2408:Ottoman Empire
2405:
2403:Denmark–Norway
2400:
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2346:Polish Legions
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2316:
2315:
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2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2281:Peninsular War
2277:
2270:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2209:
2207:
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2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
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2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
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2111:
2105:
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2101:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1974:
1967:
1966:External links
1964:
1963:
1962:
1940:
1925:
1919:
1906:
1900:
1884:
1878:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1844:, ed. (1911).
1842:Chisholm, Hugh
1838:
1833:978-0810866171
1832:
1817:
1812:978-1841768311
1811:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1765:
1758:
1732:
1707:
1689:
1671:
1645:
1632:
1607:
1590:
1581:
1579:, p. 172.
1562:
1541:
1520:
1503:
1489:
1469:
1465:Bezotosny 2016
1457:
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1105:
1099:
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1080:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1060:
1051:Russian Empire
1038:
1035:
1014:
1011:
949:
946:
856:
853:
807:scorched earth
800:
799:
714:
712:
705:
699:
696:
690:, he was made
606:Boris Orlovsky
593:
590:
578:St. Petersburg
557:and raised in
516:
513:
480:scorched earth
363:
362:
356:
352:
351:
349:
348:
347:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
319:Battle of Kulm
316:
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281:
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178:Russian Empire
167:
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140:
115:
111:
110:
82:
78:
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63:
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40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
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2:
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4727:
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4710:
4707:
4705:
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4700:
4697:
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4508:
4507:Sprengtporten
4505:
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4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
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4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:Miscellaneous
4384:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
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4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Manuel Lapeña
4059:
4057:
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4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
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4026:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3991:Prince Eugène
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:André Masséna
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Joachim Murat
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Rocheserviere
3863:
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3579:
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3556:
3554:
3553:San Sebastián
3551:
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3140:
3137:
3135:
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3130:
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3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:Sankt Michael
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
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3090:
3087:
3085:
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3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:Teugen-Hausen
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
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2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:client states
2326:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
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2256:
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2237:
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2229:
2226:
2213:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
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2185:
2183:
2180:
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2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1889:
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1881:
1875:
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1865:
1861:
1855:
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1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1808:
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1803:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1722:on 2016-05-05
1721:
1717:
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1672:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1605:, p. 26.
1604:
1603:Nafziger 2001
1599:
1597:
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1585:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1571:
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1379:
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1199:
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1155:
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1100:
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1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:Chernyakhovsk
1000:
996:
992:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:German exonym
927:
923:
919:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
871:(1812–1814).
870:
866:
862:
854:
852:
850:
849:romantic hero
845:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
796:
793:
785:
782:November 2022
774:
771:
767:
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760:
757:
753:
750:
746:
743: –
742:
738:
737:Find sources:
731:
727:
721:
720:
715:This section
713:
709:
704:
703:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
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662:
657:
653:
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644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
607:
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71:
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56:
48:
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43:Field Marshal
38:
33:
19:
4511:
4433:Grande Armée
4393:Bibliography
4377:Paris (1815)
4337:Paris (1814)
4322:Paris (1810)
4302:Finckenstein
4277:Campo Formio
4090:
4036:Rowland Hill
4022:military and
3902:military and
3875:Rocquencourt
3744:Saint-Dizier
3714:Bar-sur-Aube
3669:Mincio River
3164:Schöngrabern
2943:2nd Zaragoza
2883:1st Zaragoza
2837:Stralsund II
2686:Campo Tenese
2660:Schöngrabern
2645:Cape Ortegal
2595:Diamond Rock
2473:Papal States
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2123:
2118:
2042:
2010:
1956:26 September
1954:. Retrieved
1948:
1930:
1910:
1891:
1869:
1851:
1822:
1801:
1778:
1768:
1741:
1735:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:the original
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1622:. Retrieved
1620:. April 2001
1616:
1610:
1584:
1544:
1528:(in Russian)
1523:
1513:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1479:
1472:
1460:
1452:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1386:romanization
1381:
1372:
1355:
1333:In the West
1023:Alexander II
1016:
988:
958:East Prussia
951:
941:
933:
922:Hundred Days
915:
873:
858:
846:
835:
823:
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788:
779:
769:
762:
755:
748:
736:
724:Please help
719:verification
716:
692:full general
665:
656:aide-de-camp
645:
610:
582:
571:
528:Clan Barclay
518:
505:Wittgenstein
503:, replacing
465:
438:
412:family from
407:
383:
382:
228:Battles/wars
154:Valga County
64:Portrait by
41:
4634:1818 deaths
4629:1761 births
4550: [
4547:Rokassovski
4261:War of 1812
4219:Gunboat War
4176:Louis XVIII
3931:Jean Lannes
3845:Quatre Bras
3835:San Germano
3785:Occhiobello
3674:Champaubert
3664:La Rothière
3588:San Marcial
3472:2nd Polotsk
3437:1st Polotsk
3422:Majadahonda
3362:Villagarcia
3291:Campo Maior
3079:Piave River
3004:Ciudad Real
2994:Villafranca
2863:Dos de Mayo
2812:Stralsund I
2564:18 Brumaire
2498:Netherlands
2396:Württemberg
1984:(in German)
1938:Runivers.ru
1313:World War I
1019:Stackelberg
909:, southern
676:Finnish War
547: [
488:Alexander I
449:Finnish War
269:Finnish War
90: [
66:George Dawe
4623:Categories
4594:Stakhovich
4403:Casualties
4317:Schönbrunn
4292:Artlenburg
4041:John Moore
3946:Michel Ney
3815:Scapezzano
3805:Cesenatico
3749:Montmartre
3679:Montmirail
3613:Wartenburg
3568:Großbeeren
3427:Gorodechno
3417:Klyastitsy
3397:Saltanovka
3286:Casal Novo
3159:Hollabrunn
3144:Korneuburg
2938:Somosierra
2842:Copenhagen
2665:Austerlitz
2655:Dürenstein
2391:Westphalia
2334:and allies
2048:1810–1812
2016:1809–1810
1805:. Fisher.
1726:2016-03-22
1432:References
1358:Boeing 777
995:Nicholas I
752:newspapers
688:Baratynsky
490:appointed
432:, and the
166:Allegiance
124:Insterburg
4584:Boeckmann
4574:Obolenski
4559:Adlerberg
4537:Menshikov
4532:Zakrevsky
4527:Steinheil
4517:Steinheil
4367:Casalanza
4342:Tauroggen
4297:Pressburg
4282:Lunéville
4187:conflicts
4020:Coalition
3870:La Suffel
3820:Tolentino
3704:Montereau
3689:Vauchamps
3638:Bornhöved
3593:Dennewitz
3538:Tarragona
3487:Chashniki
3387:Salamanca
3311:Tarragona
3235:Barquilla
3189:Almonacid
3149:Stockerau
3119:Stralsund
3089:2nd Porto
3069:Ebelsberg
3039:Abensberg
3009:1st Porto
2969:Castellón
2953:Benavente
2918:Valmaseda
2832:Friedland
2827:Heilsberg
2797:Ostrołęka
2787:Mohrungen
2721:Magdeburg
2650:Amstetten
2635:Trafalgar
2620:Elchingen
2605:Wertingen
2503:Brunswick
2428:Coalition
1075:Nadezhda"
942:Tepelshof
907:Jõgeveste
903:Mausoleum
544:Pomautsch
466:When the
199:1776–1818
107:Lithuania
87:Pomautsch
4599:Nekrasov
4569:Bobrikov
4542:von Berg
4438:Uniforms
4352:Chaumont
4270:Treaties
3971:Joseph I
3911:Napoleon
3855:Waterloo
3795:Casaglia
3759:Toulouse
3643:Sehested
3618:Bidassoa
3598:2nd Kulm
3583:1st Kulm
3573:Katzbach
3563:Sorauren
3558:Pyrenees
3523:Castalla
3507:Berezina
3497:Smoliani
3467:Tarutino
3452:Borodino
3442:Valutino
3432:Smolensk
3402:Ostrovno
3372:Maguilla
3336:Valencia
3326:Saguntum
3174:Talavera
3054:Ratisbon
3044:Landshut
3019:Bergisel
3014:Medellín
2928:Espinosa
2888:Valencia
2761:Czarnowo
2731:Pasewalk
2726:Prenzlau
2701:Saalfeld
2640:Caldiero
2610:Günzburg
2488:Sardinia
2463:Portugal
2127:(acting)
1555:Archived
1534:Archived
1394:Cyrillic
1388:), also
1335:Siberian
863:and the
827:Smolensk
819:Smolensk
813:between
641:Akkerman
563:Lutheran
525:Scottish
476:Napoleon
436:(1794).
214:Commands
184:Service/
4579:Gerhard
4522:Armfelt
4185:Related
3764:Bayonne
3729:Craonne
3699:Mormant
3659:Brienne
3633:Nivelle
3623:Leipzig
3578:Dresden
3548:Vitoria
3533:Bautzen
3502:Krasnoi
3447:Mesoten
3407:Vitebsk
3367:Almaraz
3357:Badajoz
3316:Albuera
3301:Almeida
3296:Sabugal
3281:Redinha
3271:Barrosa
3250:Bussaco
3245:Almeida
3225:Astorga
3194:Tamames
3154:Gefrees
3109:Alcañiz
3049:Eckmühl
2979:Corunna
2948:Sahagún
2913:Zornoza
2908:Vimeiro
2878:Cabezón
2802:Kolberg
2771:Pułtusk
2766:Golymin
2756:Hamelin
2736:Stettin
2696:Schleiz
2541:Prelude
2533:battles
2508:Hanover
2453:Prussia
2443:Austria
2381:Bavaria
2361:Etruria
2356:Holland
2328:France,
2321:gerents
1793:Sources
1664:4 April
1643:(1980).
1624:4 April
1496:3 April
1414:In the
1378:Russian
1343:Barnaul
984:Estonia
934:Beckhof
911:Estonia
888:Leipzig
880:Dresden
831:Kutuzov
766:scholar
652:Vilnius
637:Ochakov
559:Beckhof
553:in the
536:Rostock
414:Livland
396:Russian
379:in 1882
158:Estonia
149:Beckhof
4564:Heiden
4362:Mantua
4312:Cintra
4307:Tilsit
4287:Amiens
3825:Ancona
3810:Pesaro
3780:Panaro
3709:Orthez
3694:Garris
3608:Roßlau
3603:Göhrde
3543:Luckau
3528:Lützen
3492:Vyazma
3462:Burgos
3457:Moscow
3412:Kobryn
3321:Usagre
3276:Pombal
3266:Gebora
3139:Wagram
3099:Tarvis
3074:Girona
3034:Raszyn
3024:Sacile
2933:Tudela
2923:Burgos
2903:Roliça
2898:Bailén
2817:Mileto
2807:Danzig
2746:Lübeck
2711:Erfurt
2630:Verona
2513:Nassau
2493:Sweden
2483:Persia
2468:Sicily
2448:Russia
2430:forces
2413:Persia
2386:Saxony
2371:Naples
2341:France
2319:Belli-
1917:
1898:
1876:
1830:
1809:
1756:
1487:
1406:German
1350:Raroia
1319:years.
1270:
1248:
1234:(1815)
1222:
1205:(1815)
1172:
1161:(1813)
1149:
1138:(1813)
1132:(1807)
1121:
1048:
948:Legacy
938:Polish
815:Moscow
768:
761:
754:
747:
739:
661:Poland
621:jaeger
617:cornet
567:Zaumel
428:, the
355:Awards
186:branch
175:
144:Buried
137:Russia
4554:]
4428:Films
3860:Wavre
3850:Ligny
3840:Gaeta
3800:Ronco
3790:Carpi
3754:Paris
3724:Reims
3628:Hanau
3220:Cádiz
3199:Ocaña
3184:Ölper
3129:María
3094:Wörgl
3084:Grijó
2984:Valls
2974:Uclés
2868:Bruch
2792:Eylau
2716:Halle
2691:Maida
2681:Gaeta
2531:Major
2458:Spain
2418:Spain
2351:Italy
1404:. In
1400:, or
1364:Notes
1339:RSFSR
1007:Tartu
980:Tartu
892:count
773:JSTOR
759:books
551:]
532:Towie
94:]
4589:Seyn
4357:Kiel
4347:Ried
3893:Info
3880:Issy
3773:1815
3719:Laon
3652:1814
3516:1813
3382:Ekau
3345:1812
3259:1811
3213:1810
3134:Graz
3124:Raab
2962:1809
2856:1808
2780:1807
2674:1806
2588:1805
2097:List
1958:2023
1915:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1874:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1666:2018
1626:2018
1498:2019
1485:ISBN
1309:Riga
999:Riga
976:Bust
964:and
884:Kulm
842:Fili
817:and
745:news
684:Umeå
639:and
540:Riga
392:O.S.
388:O.S.
358:See
204:Rank
119:O.S.
114:Died
81:Born
3377:Mir
3240:Côa
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1936:At
1746:doi
1451:".
1376:In
905:in
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728:by
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1440:^
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