Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin - Knowledge (XXG)

1423:

what exactly it is, but the general impression is invariably strong, as of something very lively and harmonic. Ignoring the established formats, Saltykov was driven by two things: current stream of new ideas and those lofty ideals he’s been aspiring to." Saltykov, according to Krivenko, occasionally repeated himself, but never denied this, explaining it by the need of always being engaged with 'hot' issues – "things which in the course of decades were in their own right repeating themselves with such damning monotony". "There are not many writers in Rus whose very name would give that much to one's mind and heart, and who'd leave such a vast literary heritage, rich and diverse both in essence and in form, written in a very special language which even in his lifetime became known as 'saltykovian'," wrote Krivenko in 1895. "Saltykov's gift was no lesser than that of Gogol, neither in originality nor in itspower," the biographer reckoned.

1100: 906:, who issued a note stating that Saltykov, as a senior state official "promoted ideas contradicting the needs of maintaining law and order" and was "always in conflict with people of local governments, criticizing and even sabotaging their orders." On July 14, 1868, Saltykov retired: thus the career of "one of the strangest officials in Russian history" ended. Years later, speaking to the historian M.Semevsky, Saltykov confessed he was trying to erase from memory years spent as a government official. But when his vis-a-vis argued that "only his thorough knowledge of every possible stage of the Russian bureaucratic hierarchy made him what he was," the writer had to agree. 591:

desperate attempts to break free from what he called his 'Vyatka captivity', but after each of his requests he received the standard reply: "would be premature." He became more and more aware of the possibility that he'd have to spend the rest of his life there. "The very thought of that is so repellent that it makes by hair bristle," he complained in a letter to his brother. It helped that the local elite treated Saltykov with great warmth and sympathy; he was made a welcome guest in many respectable houses, including that of vice-governor Boltin whose daughter Elizaveta Apollonovna later became Saltykov's wife.

972:(История одного города) came out, a grotesque, politically risky novel relating the tragicomic history of the fictitious Foolsville, a vague caricature upon the Russian Empire, with its sequence of monstrous rulers, tormenting their hapless vassals. The book was a satire on the whole institution of Russian statehood and the way of life itself, plagued by routine mismanagement, needless oppression, pointless tyranny and sufferers’ apathy. The novel ended with the deadly "it" sweeping the whole thing away, "making the history stop" which was construed by many as a call for radical political change. A series called 712:

government in defeating serfdom apologist still clinging to their rights." Huge literary success has never made him think of retiring from work in the government. Partly reasons for his return to the state service were practical. In 1856 Saltykov married Elizaveta Boltina, daughter of a Vyatka vice-governor and found, on the one hand, his mother's financial support curtailed, on the other, his own needs rose sharply. Up until 1858 Saltykov continued working in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Then after making a report on the condition of the Russian

1366: 203: 49: 540: 1362:, calling it the gloomiest book in all Russian literature—"all the more gloomy because the effect is attained by the simplest means without any theatrical, melodramatic, or atmospheric effects." "The most remarkable character of this novel is Porfiry Golovlyov, nicknamed 'Little Judas', the empty and mechanical hypocrite who cannot stop talking unctuous and meaningless humbug, not for any inner need or outer profit, but because his tongue is in need of constant exercise," Mirsky wrote. 1387:. This way, though, the writer was able to fool censors in the times of political oppression and take most radical ideas to print, which was the matter of his pride. "It is one continuous circumlocution because of censorship and requires a constant reading commentary," Mirsky argued. The use of Aesopic language was one reason why Saltykov-Shchedrin has never achieved as much acclaim in the West as had three of his great contemporaries, Turgenev, Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy, according to 376:"In my childhood and teenage years I witnessed serfdom at its worst. It saturated all strata of social life, not just the landlords and the enslaved masses, degrading all classes, privileged or otherwise, with its atmosphere of a total lack of rights, when fraud and trickery were the order of the day, and there was an all-pervading fear of being crushed and destroyed at any moment," he remembered, speaking through one of the characters of his later novel 1062:), a crushingly gloomy study of the institution of the family as cornerstone of society, traced the moral and physical decline of three generations of a Russian gentry family. Central to it was the figure of Porfiry 'Little Judas' Golovlyov, a character whose nickname (Iudushka, in Russian transcription) became synonymous with mindless hypocrisy and self-destructive egotism, leading to moral degradation and disintegration of personality. 442:, afterwards the Minister Of Foreign Affairs, was one of his schoolfellows. In the lyceum the quality of education was poor. "The information taught to us was scant, sporadic and all but meaningless… It was not so much an education as such, but a part of social privilege, the one that draws the line through life: above are you and me, people of leisure and power, beneath – just one single word: 634: 883:'s memoirs, "those were the times when his moods darkened, and I noticed a new habit of his developing - this jerky movement of neck, as if he was trying to free himself from some unseen tie, the habit which stayed with him for the rest of his life." Finally, pecuniary difficulties compelled Saltykov to re-enter the governmental service and in November 1864 he was appointed the head of the 895:(who had conversations with provincial officials working under Saltykov's supervision) "he was a rare kind of boss. Even though his frightful barking was making people wince, nobody feared him and everybody loved him - mostly for his caring for his subordinates' needs and also the tendency to overlook people's minor weaknesses and faults when those were not interfering with work." 2570: 917: 755:(1859–1862) where for the first time the author seemed to be quite vexed with the apathy of the oppressed. "One is hardly to be expected to engage oneself in self-development when one's only thought revolves around just one wish: not to die of hunger," he later explained. Many of Saltykov's articles on agrarian reforms were also written in those three years, mostly in 1510: 1230: 422:. In 1834 his elder sister Nadezhda graduated from the Moscow Ekaterininsky college, and Mikhail's education from then on was the prerogative of her friend Avdotya Vasilevskaya, a graduate of the same institute who had been invited to the house as a governess. Mikhail's other tutors included the local clergyman Ivan Vasilievich who taught the boy 770: 1358:(a sort of parody of Russian history, concentrated in the microcosm of a provincial town, whose successive governors are transparent caricatures of Russian sovereigns and ministers, and whose very name is representative of its qualities) as the work that summed up the achievement of Saltykov's first period. He praised 942:. In September 1868 Saltykov joined the re-vamped team of the magazine as a head of the journalistic department. As in December 1874 Saltykov's health problems (triggered by severe cold he's caught at his mother's funeral) made him travel abroad for treatment, Nekrasov confessed in his April 1875 letter to 645:

died and the climate in the country instantly changed. In November 1855 Saltykov received the permission to leave Vyatka, the new governor Lanskoy rumoured to be the major assisting force behind this. In January 1856 the writer returned to Saint Petersburg and in February was assigned to the Interior

1451:

were members of one of the numerous student's delegations that came home to visit the ailing Schedrin, latter referring to him as "the revolutionary youth's favourite writer". Saltykov-Shedrin was a personal favourite of Lenin himself, who often namechecked the writer's characters to prove his point

1279:

The closer Shchedrin gets close to Porphyry, the more unknowable he actually becomes. In this sense, Porphyry is a modernist prototype: the character who lacks an audience, the alienated actor. The hypocrite who does not know that he is one, and really be told that he is one by anyone around him, is

731:

author. He settled in a small house, often visited people and received guests. Saltykov's primary goal was to teach local minor officials elementary grammar and he spent many late evenings proof-reading and re-writing their incongruous reports. In 1862 Saltykov was transferred to Tver where he often

1426:

Saltykov-Schedrin was a controversial figure and often found himself a target of sharp criticism, mainly for his alleged 'lack of patriotism' and negativism. He's never seen himself a promoter of the latter and often proclaimed his belief in the strength of a common man, seeing the latter as holder

1422:

movement, the one which Saltykov has always been in opposition to) wrote: "It is difficult to assess his works using the established criteria. It's a mix of a variety of genres: poetry and documentary report, epics and satire, tragedy and comedy. In the process of reading it is impossible to decide

1336:

disagreed; he regarded Shchedrin's laughter to be the essential part of Russian life. "Shchedrin, he's still laughing, people were saying, by way of reproach... Thankfully, yes, no matter how hard it was for him to do this, in the most morbid times of our recent history this laughter was heard… One

1243:

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin is regarded to be the most prominent satirist in the history of the Russian literature. According to critic and biographer Maria Goryachkina, he managed to compile "the satirical encyclopedia" of contemporary Russian life, targeting first serfdom with its degrading effect

891:. Two years later he moved to take the same post in Tula, then Ryazan. Supported by his lyceum friend Mikhail Reitern, now the Minister of Finance, Saltykov adopted rather aggressive finance revision policies, making many enemies in the administrative circles of Tula, Ryazan and Penza. According to 777:

In 1862 Saltykov retired from the government service and came to Moscow with the view of founding his own magazine there. The Ministry of Education's Special committee under the chairmanship of Prince D.A.Obolensky gave him no such permission. In the early 1863 Saltykov moved to Saint Petersburg to

364:

for his handsome donation to the army needs in 1812; his wife Marfa Ivanovna Zabelina also came from wealthy Moscow merchants. At the time of Mikhail Saltykov's birth, Yevgraf was fifty years old, while Olga was twenty five. Mikhail spent his early years on his parents' large estate in Spasskoye on

1435:

For all his insight and taste for detail, Saltykov was never keen on examining individual characters (even if he did create memorable ones). Admittedly, he was always more concerned with things general and typical, gauging social tendencies, collective urges and what he termed 'herd instincts in a

711:

Contrary to left radicals' attempt to draw Saltykov closer to their camp, "undermining the Empire's foundations" was not his aim at all and on his return to Saint Petersburg he was soon promoted to administrative posts of considerable importance. His belief was that "all honest men should help the

602:

As the numerous members of the Petrashevsky Circle were arrested in 1848, Saltykov got summoned to the capital to give evidence on his involvement in the group's activity. There he managed to convince the authorities that 'spreading harm' was not his intention and safely returned to Vyatka. In the

590:

In his first few months of exile Saltykov was mainly occupied with copying official documents. Then he was made a special envoy of the Vyatka governor; his major duty in this capacity was making inquiries concerning brawls, cases of minor bribery, embezzlement and police misdoings. Saltykov made

1431:

was quick to reassure him. "The writer who is most hated, is most loved, too. You'd have known none of this, had you remained M.E.Saltykov, a mere hereditary Russian aristocrat. But you are Saltykov-Schedrin, a writer who happened to draw a distinctive line in our literature: that's why you are

1300:

Saltykov-Shchedrin has been lavishly praised by Soviet critics as "the true revolutionary", but his mindset (as far as they were concerned) was not without a "fault", for he, according to Goryachkina, "failed to recognize the historically progressive role of capitalism and never understood the

992:

accused the author of deliberately distorting Russian history and insulting the Russian people. "By showing how people live under the yoke of madness I was hoping to invoke in a reader not mirth but most bitter feelings... It is not the history of the state as a whole that I make fun of, but a

387:

The Saltykovs often quarreled; they gave their children neither love nor care and Mikhail, despite enjoying relative freedom in the house, remembered feeling lonely and neglected. Another thing Saltykov later regretted was his having been completely shut out from nature in his early years: the

2551: 1007:

was a generic term invented by Shchedrin for administrators sent to tame riots in the remote regions of the Russian Empire), a snipe at right-wingers who advocated cruel suppression of peasants' riots, and an experiment in the new form of social novel. 1877 saw the publication of

962:

came out, their general idea being that the reforms have failed and Russia remained the same country of absolute monarchy where peasant had no rights. "The bars have fallen but Russia's heart gave not a single twitch. Serfdom has been abolished, but landlords rejoiced," he wrote.

1092:(За рубежом, 1880–1881), expressing skepticism about the Western veneer of respectability which hid underneath horrors similar to the ones that were open in Russia (the latter portrayed as The Boy Without Pants, as opposed to The Boy in Pants, symbolizing Europe). In 1882 1081:(Круглый год), both books attacking the very roots of Russian capitalism. "Fatherland is a pie - that's the idea those narrow, obnoxious minds follow," he wrote. The latter collection remained unfinished due to fierceness of censorship in the wake of the assassination of 1244:

upon the society, then, after its abolition, - corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency, opportunistic tendencies in intelligentsia, greed and amorality of those at power, but also - apathy, meekness and social immobility of the common people of Russia. His satirical cycle

1047:: "I took a look at the family, the state, the property and found out that none of such things exist. And that those very principles for the sake of which freedoms have been granted, were not respected as principles any more, even by those who seemed to hold them." 384:, and the idea of "the devastating effect of legalized slavery upon the human psyche" would become one of the prominent motifs of his prose. Olga Mikhaylovna, though, was a woman of many talents; having perceived some in Mikhail, she treated him as her favorite. 946:: "This journalism thing has always been tough for us and now it lies in tatters. Saltykov carried it all manly and bravely and we all tried our best to follow suit." "This was the only magazine that had its own face… Most talented people were coming to 1164:

s closure… Where there's been a lively tissue now there is a chasm of emptiness. And Shchedrin's life has been curtailed, probably, for many years, by this 'excision'," wrote Korolenko in 1889. Saltykov-Shchedrin's last works were published by

1029: 397: 380:. Life in the Saltykov family was equally difficult. Dominating the weak, religious father was despotic mother whose intimidating persona horrified the servants and her own children. This atmosphere was later recreated in Shchedrin's novel 1354:. Greatly popular though it was in its own time, it has since lost much of its appeal simply because it satirizes social conditions that have long ceased to exist and much of it has become unintelligible without commentary. Mirsky saw 337:

word "saltyk" meaning "one's own way/taste"), the son of Ignaty Mikhailovich Morozov and a great-grandson of the founder of the dynasty Ivan Semyonovich Moroz who lived during the 14–15th centuries. The Saltykov family also shared the

1051:

initially contained several stories about the Golovlyov family. In 1880 Saltykov-Shchedrin extracted all of them to begin a separate book which evolved into his most famous novel, showing the stagnation of the land-based dvoryanstvo.

594:

While in Vyatka Saltykov got carried away by the idea of radically improving the quality of education for young women and girls. There were no decent history textbooks at the time in Russia, so he decided to write one himself. Called

1406:, and which "today invariably produces an impression of painfully elaborate vulgarity." Many other critics (Goryachkina among them) disagreed, praising the author's lively, rich language and the way he mastered both stark realism ( 2851: 844:

magazine. When Fyodor Dostoyevsky came out with the suggestion that with Dobrolyubov's death and Chernyshevsky's imprisonment the radical movement in Russia became lifeless and dogmatic, Saltykov labeled him and his fellow

676:, signed N.Shchedrin. The book, charged with anti-serfdom pathos and full of scathing criticism of provincial bureaucracy became instant success and made Saltykov famous. Many critics and colleagues called him the heir to 412:, which he read at the age of eight, as a major influence. Among his childhood friends was Sergey Yuriev, the son of a neighbouring landlord and later a prominent literary figure, editor and publisher of the magazines 324:

family of Yevgraf Vasilievich Saltykov (1776–1851) and Olga Mikhaylovna Saltykova (née Zabelina; 1801–74). His father belonged to an ancient Saltykov noble house that originated as one of the branches of the Morozov

1313:(1878–1879) and was unimpressed. "The last section, 'Warnings', is weak and the author in general seems to be not very strong on positivity," he wrote. Marx was also known reading other books by the author, namely 1156:

in 1884 dealt Saltykov a heavy blow. "The possibility to talk with my readers has been taken away from me and this pain is stronger than any other," he complained. "The whole of the Russian press suffered from the

480:

Upon graduating the Lyceum in 1844, Saltykov, who was one of the best students, was promoted directly to the chancellery of the Ministry of Defense. This success upset Mikhail, as it ended his dream of attending

388:

children lived in the main house and were rarely allowed to go out, knowing their "animals and birds only as boiled and fried." Characteristically, there were few descriptions of nature in the author's works.

429:

At the age of ten Saltykov joined the third class of the Moscow Institute for sons of the nobility (Dvoryansky institute), skipping the first two classes, where he studied until 1838. He then enrolled in the

704:. The production of it was banned with characteristic verdict of censors: "Characters presented there are set to prove our society lies in the state of total moral devastation." Another of Saltykov's plays, 2856: 1296:

go around telling falsely incriminating stories about themselves and acting badly when they have no obvious reason to. <...> The line from Dostoevsky, through Shchedrin, and on to Hamsun, is visible.

688:

at last reacted: both Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky rather belatedly praised Saltykov, characteristically, imparting to his work what it's never had: "aiming at the undermining the Empire's foundations."

950:

as if it were their home. They trusted my taste and my common sense never to begrudge my editorial cuts. In "OZ" there were published weak things, but stupid things - never," he wrote in a letter to

461:. He was proclaimed an 'heir to Pushkin' – after the local tradition which demanded that each course should have one. His first poem, "The Lyre", a hymn to the great Russian poet, was published by 623:

governorates. In 1850 he became the organizer of the Vyatka agricultural exhibition, one of the largest in the country. All this provided Saltykov with priceless material for his future satires.

599:, it amounted to 40 handwritten pages of compact text compiled from numerous sources. He worked on it while on vacation in a village near Tver, sending it to Vyatka to be published as a series. 1865: 1280:

something of a revolutionary type of character, for he has no "true" knowable self, no "stable" ego... Around the turn of the twentieth century, Knut Hamsun, a novelist strongly influenced by

2861: 404:

Mikhail's early education was desultory, but, being an extraordinarily perceptive boy, by the age of six he spoke French and German fluently. He was taught to read and write Russian by the

2841: 2831: 603:

summer of 1850 he became a councillor of the local government which implied long voyages through the province on official business, many of them having to do with issues concerning the

495:, reviewing for both magazines children's literature and textbooks. His criticism was sharp, and Belinsky's influence on it was evident. At this time Saltykov became a follower of the 360:

Saltykov's mother was an heir to a rich Moscow merchant of the 1st level guild Mikhail Petrovich Zabelin whose ancestors belonged to the so-called trading peasants and who was granted

2846: 1452:– Iudushka, in particular, served well to label many of his adversaries: Russian old landlords and emerging capitalists, Tzarist government members and, notably, his own associate 1194:(Мелочи жизни, 1881–1887), a set of realistic mini-dramas about common people destroyed by the terror of daily routine. Saltykov's last publication was semi-autobiographical novel 563:, both in its plotlines and the natures of its characters, dealing with social injustice and the inability of an individual to cope with social issues. The novella was praised by 1096:(Письма к тётеньке), written in the atmosphere of tough censorship came out, a satire on the society in general and its cultural elite in particular (the 'auntie' in question). 2653: 1073:'. He proved to be an unsuccessful landowner, though, and finally sold it, having lost a lot of money. Stories vaguely describing this experience later made it into the novel 1264:

wrote in 1909: "The importance of his satire is immense, first for… its almost clairvoyant vision of the path the Russian society had to travel - from 1860s to nowadays."

1399:, the kind of literature that's tightly bound to its own national soil... Tears are the same wherever we go, but each nation laughs in its own way," Kovalevskaya argued. 1748: 1427:

of principles of real democracy. In 1882, as he, feeling depressed by the critical response to his work, made rather a pessimistic assessment of his life in literature,

1088:

In 1875-1885 Saltykov was often visiting Germany, Switzerland and France for medical treatment. The result of these recreational trips was the series of sketches called

551:(under the pseudonym M.Nepanov), the title referring to the piece's main motif: the contrast between one's noble ideals and the horrors of real life. It was followed by 2811: 1210:

not long before his death: "There were, you know, words in Russian: honour, fatherland, humanity… They are worth of being reminded about") but never even started it.

724:". On April 15, 1858, Saltykov arrived to Ryazan very informally, in an ordinary road carriage, which amazed the local 'society' for whom he'd been known already as 527:. "How easily we lived and what deep faith we had in the future, what single-mindedness and unity of hopes there was, giving us life!" he later remembered, calling 276:

banned it in 1884. In his works Saltykov mastered both stark realism and satirical grotesque merged with fantasy. His most famous works, the family chronicle novel

2806: 1099: 508: 857:) made Saltykov-Schedrin quit the journal. Only a small part of stories and sketches that Saltykov wrote at the time has made its way into his later books ( 708:(1862–1865), about careerism and immorality of bureaucracy, has been discovered in archives and published only in 1914, when it was premiered on stage too. 1849: 2796: 1395:. Another reason had to do with peculiarities of Saltykov's chosen genre: his credo "has always been a satire, spiced with fantasy, not far removed from 2801: 2786: 1149:, many fairytales) were banned. "It is despicable times that we are living through... and it takes a lot of strength not to give up," Saltykov wrote. 1117:(Современная идиллия), the novel he started in 1877–1878, targeting those of intelligentsia who were eager to prove their loyalty to the authorities. 1391:. "It is unbelievable, how well we've learned to read between the lines in Russia," the great mathematician remarked in her essay written in 1889 in 2821: 2646: 2776: 2781: 48: 2826: 2455: 571:, who referred to it as a book "that has created a stir and is of much interest to people of the new generation." It was the publication of 1402:

Saltykov's style of writing, according to D.S.Mirsky, was based on the bad journalistic style of the period, which originated largely with

879:

s meagre salaries, Saltykov was looking for work on the side and quarreled with Nekrasov a lot, promising to quit literature. According to

454: 1337:

had to have a great moral power to make others laugh, while suffering deeply (as he did) from all the grieves of those times," he argued.

819:

implying that Saltykov was cultivating "laughter for good digestion's sake". The latter's reply contained accusations in isolationism and

2639: 2836: 2505: 482: 1348:, generally with little or no narrative structure, and intermediate in form between the classical "character" and the contemporary 782:, greatly undermined by the death of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky's arrest. In this magazine he published first sketches of the 1902:

Zvenya: Collection of materials and documents on the history of literature, arts and public thought of the XIX century. Volume 8

2791: 1439:

In his later years Saltykov-Schedrin found himself to be a strong influence upon the radical youth of the time. In 1885–1886,

815:

to pay more attention to natural sciences. Then in 1864 Pisarev responded by "Flowers of Innocent Humor" article published by

1811: 1781: 1716: 1699: 1673: 1656: 1432:

either hated or loved, depending . Such is the true 'outcome' of your life in literature, and you must be pleased with it."

567:

who wrote: "It is full of heartfelt sympathy for destitute men... awakening in one humane feelings and manly thoughts," and

1133:

were under increasing pressure from the censors, Shchedrin's prose being the latter's main target. The May 1874 issue with

234: 230: 650:

have been written, a series of narratives about the fictitious town of Krutogorsk, shown as a symbol of Russian serfdom.

2200: 1924: 825: 654:

who happened to read them first was unimpressed and, following his advice (and bearing in mind still fierce censorship)

2131:. The Selected Works. Critical and biographical essay. Khudozhestvennaya Literatura Publishers. Moscow. 1954, pp. 5–24 733: 680:. "I’m in awe... Oh immortal Gogol, you must now be a happy man now to see such a genius emerging as your follower," 2816: 2607: 903: 899: 31: 2743: 1563: 580: 439: 2388: 1638: 463: 1940: 473:

in 1844–45. At the time he was attending Mikhail Yazykov's literary circle, which was occasionally visited by

519:... Such sympathies only grew stronger after 1848," he later remembered. Saltykov befriended literary critic 268: 790:(The Whistle), a satirical supplement, using pseudonyms N.Shchedrin, K.Turin and Mikhail Zmiev-Mladentsev. 2735: 1555: 1082: 938: 892: 721: 487: 342: 202: 503:' camp, but not to the major trend of it which was dominant in Russian literature at the time, promoting 2677: 2591: 1471: 1371: 1365: 1286: 1250: 968: 668: 568: 431: 366: 284: 160: 1624: 1137:

has been destroyed, several other releases postponed for Saltykov's pieces to be excised. In 1874-1879

539: 2771: 2766: 2685: 1485: 1256: 1207: 1054: 1017: 642: 584: 528: 278: 166: 2716: 1892:, All-Russian Armorials of Noble Houses of the Russian Empire, Part 7. October 4, 1803 (in Russian). 1012:, a set of satirical sketches, featuring characters from the classical Russian literature (books by 1845: 1614: 1066: 576: 564: 524: 350: 334: 2704: 1414:) and satirical grotesque merged with fantasy. Of the writer's stylistic peculiarities biographer 1383:

Most works of Saltykov's later period were written in a language that the satirist himself called

2601: 2585: 2327:. The Works in 5 Volumes. Criticism and Memoirs. Ogonyok Library. Pravda Publishers, Moscow, 1953 2151: 1665: 1388: 1333: 1321:; among the Russian authors that Marx read, he particularly valued Pushkin, Gogol and Shchedrin. 1281: 1272: 1104: 1070: 834: 739:

All the while his literary activities continued. In 1860-1862 he wrote and published (mostly, in

474: 313: 309: 297: 75: 2618: 2546: 2501: 2451: 1861: 1807: 1777: 1736: 1712: 1695: 1669: 1652: 1604: 1444: 1396: 1384: 1292: 504: 499:

ideas coming from France. "Brought up by Belinsky's articles, I naturally drifted towards the

273: 1284:

and the Russian novel, would invent a newkind of character: the lunatic heroes of his novels

2613: 2597: 2581: 2555: 1708: 1648: 1392: 1237: 1218: 933: 880: 850: 681: 655: 435: 361: 321: 263: 225: 145: 99: 79: 2277: 1634: 1415: 1376: 1325: 854: 616: 520: 512: 339: 121:

Novelist, journalist, short story writer, playwright, civil administrator, magazine editor

2575: 1794: 408:

painter Pavel Sokolov and a local clergyman, and became an avid reader, later citing the

17: 1901: 1816: 1141:

suffered 18 censorial sanctions, all having to do with Shchedrin's work, most of which (

507:, but to this tiny circle that felt instinctively drawn towards France - the country of 2128: 1825: 1440: 1403: 1329: 1167: 989: 951: 943: 812: 808: 803: 663: 458: 423: 354: 345:. It gave birth to many important political figures throughout history, including the 320:

of Russia) as one of the eight children (five brothers and three sisters) in the large

149: 103: 83: 2519: 1743: 736:. He personally sued several landowners accusing them of cruel treatment of peasants. 2760: 2403: 2245:"Mister Shchedrin or a Nihilism Schism (Gospodin Shchedrin ili raskol v nigilistakh)" 2244: 1905: 1767: 1448: 1428: 898:

Finally the governor of Ryazan made an informal complaint which was accounted for by

732:

performed governor's functions. Here Saltykov proved to be a zealous promoter of the

677: 651: 604: 414: 317: 259: 54: 2324: 1332:) dismissed Saltykov-Shchedrin as the one taken to 'laughing for laughter's sake'. 1113: 1044: 556: 500: 2346: 2299: 2222: 2074: 2016: 1959: 1877: 579:, - apparently the result of overreaction from the authorities in response to the 2471: 2445: 1796:

The Village Priest and Other Stories from the Russian of Militsina & Saltikov

1731: 2493: 2424: 1344:, the greater part of Saltykov's work is a rather nondescript kind of satirical 1302: 1268: 1261: 1040: 748: 633: 516: 469: 370: 330: 2542: 1789:

Tchinovnicks: Sketches of Pronvincial Life (Selections from Gubernskie ocherki)

2180:

The Works of M.E.Saltykov-Shchedrin in 20 Volumes. Moscow, 1975. Vol. 1. P.111

1350: 1345: 1341: 1180: 921: 846: 453:

While at the lyceum Saltykov started writing poetry and translated works from

2631: 2171:

The Works of M.E.Saltykov-Shedrin in 20 Volumes. Moscow, 1975. Vol. 17. P.228

2140:

The Works of M.E.Saltykov-Shedrin in 20 Volumes. Moscow, 1975. Vol. 17. P.331

646:

Ministry. By this time many of the stories and essays that would be known as

2189:

Shevchenko, T.G. The Selected Works in 5 Volumes. Moscow, 1956. Vol.5 P. 120

1774:

Russian Comedy of the Nikolaian Era. Pazukhin's Death: A Comedy in Four Acts

1306: 916: 620: 608: 496: 2368: 1028: 840:

On the other front, Saltykov waged a war against the Dostoyevsky brothers’

769: 396: 333:, it was founded by Mikhail Ignatievich Morozov nicknamed Saltyk (from the 1039:(Благонамеренные речи, 1876) featured characters belonging to new Russian 2626: 2564: 1419: 1013: 1002: 884: 798: 400:

19th century drawing of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where Saltykov studied

346: 242: 189: 1509: 1229: 743:

magazine) numerous sketches and short stories, some later included into

477:. The latter's articles and essays made a great impression on Mikhail. 1453: 820: 751:

later called a "talent for talking politics through domesticities" and

523:

and economist and publicist Vladimir Milyutin, and became close to the

293: 1505:(Пошехонская старина, 1889, Old Years in Poshekhonye), not translated. 1889: 1691: 1214: 1065:

In the 1870s Saltykov sold his Moscow estate and bought the one near

830: 717: 713: 443: 409: 255: 980:, Помпадуры и помпадурши, 1863–1874) looked like a satellite to the 2560: 1826:

How the two Ivans quarrelled : and other Russian comic stories

1364: 1176: 1027: 888: 823:. All this (along with heated discussion of Chernyshevsky's novel 632: 612: 560: 538: 395: 326: 2264:М.Е.Saltykov-Shchedrin Remembered by Contemporaries. Vol.1 P. 184 984:, a set of real life illustrations to the fantastic chronicles. 405: 2852:

19th-century dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire

2635: 1878:

Velvet Book. Chapter 15, 142-143: Morozov and Saltykov families

1581:, Повесть о том, как один мужик двух генералов прокормил, 1869) 1043:. On January 2, 1881, Saltykov wrote to the lawyer and author 759:, where his major opponent was journalist Vladimir Rzhevsky. 467:

in 1841. Eight more of Saltykov's verses made their way into

1923:. Collection of Works in 20 Volumes. Volume 17. Leningrad: 932:

was closed. In the autumn Nekrasov approached the publisher

258:

of the 19th century. He spent most of his life working as a

1020:, Gogol and others) in the contemporary political context. 1309:(who knew Russian and held Shchedrin in high esteem) read 587:

signed the order for the author's arrest and deportation.

1481:(Убежище Монрепо, 1879, Mon Repos Haven), not translated. 1436:

modern man', often resorting to schemes and caricatures.

607:. As an investigator, he traveled throughout the Vyatka, 2857:

19th-century short story writers from the Russian Empire

1129:(Недоконченные беседы, 1886) followed, but by this time 1077:(Убежище Монрепо, 1879) and the collection of sketches 2351:, Works in 20 Volumes, vol. 7, Moscow, p. 75 1186:(Сказки для детей изрядного возраста, better known as 1908:'s electronic publications, 1950, p. 479 (in Russian) 1069:, Saint Petersburg, which he came to refer to as 'my 2612:

from the Russian of Militsina & Saltikov at the

266:, he acted as editor of a Russian literary magazine 2727: 2696: 2669: 2075:"Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. His Life and Writings" 849:'reactionaries'. Finally, the rift between him and 195: 185: 177: 155: 141: 133: 125: 117: 109: 89: 61: 39: 1705:The History of a Town, or, The Chronicle of Foolov 1571:, Сказки для детей изрядного возраста, 1869–1886) 797:(1863–1864), examining “new tendencies in Russian 543:Saltykov's house in Vyatka (now a museum in Kirov) 226:[mʲɪxɐˈiljɪvˈɡrafəvʲɪtɕsəltɨˈkofɕːɪˈdrʲin] 2862:19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire 2425:"The Golovlyov's Family. Its Genre Peculiarities" 1804:The Pompadours: A Satire on the Art of Government 1198:(Пошехонская старина), published in 1887–1889 in 2842:19th-century translators from the Russian Empire 2832:19th-century journalists from the Russian Empire 1221:, next to Turgenev, according to his last wish. 1111:In 1883, now critically ill, Saltykov published 547:In 1847 Saltykov debuted with his first novella 1277: 1213:Mikhail Evgraphovich Saltykov-Schedrin died of 720:where later he received the nickname "the vice- 262:in various capacities. After the death of poet 2847:19th-century novelists from the Russian Empire 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2021:Russian Writers. Biobibliographical Dictionary 2015:Prozorov, V.V. (1990), Nikolayev, P.A. (ed.), 1611:A Family of Noblemen (The Gentlemen Golovliov) 993:certain state of things," Saltykov explained. 2647: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 1369:Portrait of Ugryum-Burcheev. Illustration to 1058:(Господа Головлёвы, 1880; also translated as 249: 233:15 January] 1826 – 10 May [ 215: 8: 2552:Works by or about Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 2318: 2316: 1217:in Saint Petersburg and was interred in the 531:"a dear, unforgettable friend and teacher." 438:, spending the next six years there. Prince 2577:A Family of Noblemen (The Golovlyov Family) 2077:. Florenty Pavlenkov’s Biographical Library 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1850:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 1260:, are widely regarded as his masterpieces. 1240:was among writers, influenced by Saltykov. 2654: 2640: 2632: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1937:Vladimir Saitov, Boris Modzalevskiy (1907) 1846:Princes, Grafs and noble Saltykov families 1764:The Death of Pazukhin: A Play in Four Acts 1575:The Story of How a Muzhik Fed Two Generals 1267:James Wood calls Shchedrin a precursor of 47: 36: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1528:Tchinovnicks: Sketches Of Provincial Life 1010:In the Spheres of Temperance and Accuracy 292:, became important works of 19th-century 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 1943:. Saint Petersburg, p. 454 (in Russian) 1508: 1233:Saltykov-Schedrin Memorial House in Tver 1228: 1098: 915: 768: 485:. The same year he became involved with 353:and her daughter, the Empress of Russia 312:in the village of Spas-Ugol (modern-day 308:Mikhail Saltykov was born on 27 January 298:major figure of Russian literary Realism 30:For the Belarusian Olympic athlete, see 2812:Russian male dramatists and playwrights 2500:. Northwestern University Press, 1999. 2369:"Saltykov-Shchedrin, M.E., A Biography" 2272: 2270: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 1838: 1319:Diary of a Provincial in St. Petersburg 1175:, among them a collection of satirical 212:Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin 27:Russian author and satirist (1826–1889) 2280:. Gale Encyclopedia of Russian History 2023:, vol. 2, Moscow: Prosveshcheniye 1962:. Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya Publishers 1916: 1914: 1184:Fairy Tales for Children of a Fair Age 716:, he was appointed deputy governor of 700:, a play which was quite in tune with 1776:, Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997. 801:,” caused a raw with equally radical 575:that caused Saltykov's banishment to 241:and known during his lifetime by the 224: 217:Михаи́л Евгра́фович Салтыко́в-Щедри́н 7: 2807:Civil servants of the Russian Empire 2609:The Village Priest and Other Stories 1544:, Помпадуры и Помпадурши, 1863–1874) 954:on May 28, 1884. In 1869 Saltykov's 747:(1857–1863) which demonstrated what 2561:Works by Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 2543:Works by Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 2620:Tchinovnicks (Provincial Sketches) 1749:Foreign Languages Publishing House 1579:The How a Muzhik Fed Two Officials 1202:. He planned another piece called 254:), was a major Russian writer and 25: 2797:Satirists from the Russian Empire 2391:The Golovlyov Family Introduction 2298:Saltykov-Shchedrin, M.E. (1985). 1921:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (1975) 2802:Russian male short story writers 2787:Nobility from the Russian Empire 2568: 1744:Tales from M. Saltykov-Shchedrin 1542:Messieurs et Mesdames Pompadours 793:The series of articles entitled 296:, and Saltykov is regarded as a 201: 2822:Editors from the Russian Empire 2498:A History of Russian Literature 1868:. Volume 2, p. 551 (in Russian) 920:Mikhail Saltykov's portrait by 811:'s unexpected call for Russian 658:refused to publish the work in 426:and the student Matvey Salmin. 237:28 April] 1889), born 113:N. Shchedrin, Nikolai Shchedrin 2777:People from Taldomsky District 2447:Karl Marx and World Literature 1820:, London : W. Scott, 1895 1627:, J. M. Dent & Sons, 1934. 1121:(Пошехонские рассказы, 1883), 1: 2782:People from Kalyazinsky Uyezd 2450:. Verso Books. 3 April 2014. 1866:Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary 1559:(Смерть Пазухина, 1857, play) 1538:Pompadours and Pompadouresses 1475:(История одного города, 1870) 974:Pompadours and Pompadouresses 239:Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov 2827:Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum alumni 2518:Kovalevskaya, Sofia (1889). 2404:"Karl Marx. Brief Biography" 2278:"Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin" 1925:Khudozhestvennaya Literatura 1880:, Genealogia.ru (in Russian) 1495:(Современная идиллия, 1883, 902:, the Chief of Staff of the 786:cycle and got involved with 684:wrote in his diary. In 1857 2567:(public domain audiobooks) 2247:. Epoch magazine /az.lib.ru 2154:. rvb.ru /Thw Works. Vol.14 2129:М.S. М.Е.Saltykov-Shchedrin 1958:Konstantin Tyunkin (1989). 1941:Moscow Necropolis. Volume 1 1315:The Gentlemen from Tashkent 1301:importance of the emerging 1125:(Пёстрые письма, 1884) and 807:. First Saltykov ridiculed 637:Saltykov-Shchedrin in 1850s 483:Saint Petersburg University 365:the border of the Tver and 288:(1870), also translated as 2878: 2663:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 2520:"М.Е.Saltykov (Shchedrin)" 2345:Saltykov-Shchedrin, М.Е., 2243:Dostoyevsky, F.М. (1864). 1829:, Oneworld Classics, 2011. 1530:, Губернские очерки, 1856) 1513:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 1190:) and a cycle of sketches 960:Letters About the Province 904:Special Corps of Gendarmes 41:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 32:Mikhail Saltykov (athlete) 29: 2300:"Pompadury i pompadurshi" 2221:Saltykov-Shchedrin, М.Е. 1489:(Господа Головлёвы, 1880) 1248:and the two major works, 1000:(Господа Ташкентцы ; 988:caused much controversy. 976:(published in English as 597:A Brief History of Russia 583:. On 26 April 1848, Tsar 581:French Revolution of 1848 446:," Saltykov wrote in his 440:Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky 329:family. According to the 250: 216: 200: 53:Portrait of Shchedrin by 46: 18:Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin 2837:Russian male journalists 2323:Korolenko, V.G. (1889). 2017:"М.Е.Saltykov-Shchedrin" 1852:, 1890–1907 (in Russian) 1639:The New American Library 1412:Old Times in Poshekhonye 1196:Old Years in Poshekhonye 833:in Russian nihilism" by 773:Mikhail Saltykov c. 1870 515:... and, in particular, 464:Biblioteka Dlya Chteniya 378:Old Years in Poshekhonye 2073:Krivenko, S.N. (1895). 1798:, T. Fisher Unwin, 1918 1135:The Well-Meant Speeches 1119:The Poshekhonye Stories 1049:The Well-Meant Speeches 1037:The Well-Meant Speeches 872:Being dependent on his 269:Otechestvenniye Zapiski 229:; 27 January [ 2792:Russian male novelists 2348:Poshekhonskaya starina 1514: 1503:Poshekhonskaya starina 1380: 1298: 1234: 1154:Otechestvennye Zapiski 1139:Otechestvennye Zapiski 1131:Otechestvennye Zapiski 1108: 1033: 998:The Tashkenters Clique 948:Otechestvennye Zapiski 939:Otechestvennye Zapiski 925: 911:Otechestvennye Zapiski 893:Alexander Skabichevsky 774: 638: 544: 488:Otechestvennye zapiski 401: 2678:The History of a Town 2203:. www.levlivshits.org 1890:Saltykov coat of arms 1688:The History of a Town 1682:The History of a Town 1512: 1493:Sovremennaya idilliya 1472:The History of a Town 1372:The History of a Town 1368: 1356:The History of a Town 1324:Some contemporaries ( 1251:The History of a Town 1232: 1159:Otechestvenny Zapiski 1102: 1031: 986:The History of a Town 969:The History of a Town 919: 772: 694:The Russian Messenger 669:The Russian Messenger 636: 569:Nikolai Chernyshevsky 542: 432:Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum 399: 369:governorates, in the 285:The History of a Town 282:(1880) and the novel 161:The History of a Town 2686:The Golovlyov Family 2593:The Golovlyov Family 2522:. Stockholms Dagblad 2427:. www.bestreferat.ru 2150:Saltykov-Shchedrin. 1960:"Saltykov-Shchedrin" 1818:The Humour of Russia 1690:, Willem A. Meeuws, 1662:The Golovlyov Family 1645:The Golovlyov Family 1621:The Golovlyov Family 1615:Boni & Liveright 1601:The Gollovlev Family 1595:The Golovlyov Family 1588:English translations 1518:Stories and sketches 1486:The Golovlyov Family 1408:The Golovlyov Family 1360:The Golovlyov Family 1257:The Golovlyov Family 1208:Nikolai Mikhailovsky 1192:Small Things in Life 1060:A Family of Noblemen 1055:The Golovlyov Family 757:Moskovskye Vedomosty 553:A Complicated Affair 529:Mikhail Petrashevsky 382:The Golovlyov Family 279:The Golovlyov Family 167:The Golovlyov Family 2710:Provincial Sketches 2627:Grave of M.Saltykov 2406:. www.webmechta.com 2302:. Pravda Publishers 2201:"Shadows. Foreword" 1732:Fables by Shchedrin 1524:Provincial Sketches 1479:Ubezhishche Monrepo 1143:Well-Meant Speeches 826:What Is to Be Done? 726:Provincial Sketches 702:Provincial Sketches 674:Provincial Sketches 672:started publishing 648:Provincial Sketches 628:Provincial Sketches 565:Nikolai Dobrolyubov 525:Petrashevsky circle 362:hereditary nobility 351:Praskovia Saltykova 343:Sołtyk coat of arms 335:Old Church Slavonic 2602:Natalie Duddington 2586:Avrahm Yarmolinsky 2371:. Piplz. p. 2 2223:"Satires in Prose" 1666:The Overlook Press 1625:Everyman's Library 1605:Jarrold & Sons 1515: 1499:), not translated. 1389:Sofia Kovalevskaya 1381: 1334:Vladimir Korolenko 1311:Haven in Mon Repos 1235: 1109: 1105:Nikolai Yaroshenko 1079:All the Year Round 1034: 956:Signs of the Times 926: 835:Fyodor Dostoyevsky 775: 639: 545: 475:Vissarion Belinsky 402: 314:Taldomsky District 274:Tsarist government 78:, Kalyazin uyezd, 2817:Russian fabulists 2754: 2753: 2547:Project Gutenberg 2473:Soviet Literature 2457:978-1-78168-953-0 2325:"About Shchedrin" 1737:Chatto and Windus 1173:Russkye Vedomosti 1147:Letters to Auntie 1094:Letters to Auntie 996:In 1873 came out 982:History of a Town 928:On July 1, 1866, 662:. In August 1856 559:, reminiscent of 505:German philosophy 448:Letters to Auntie 246:Nikolai Shchedrin 209: 208: 181:Elizaveta Boltova 142:Literary movement 16:(Redirected from 2869: 2736:Pazukhin's Death 2656: 2649: 2642: 2633: 2614:Internet Archive 2600:(translation by 2598:Internet Archive 2584:(translation by 2582:Internet Archive 2572: 2571: 2556:Internet Archive 2531: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2515: 2509: 2491: 2478: 2477: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2411: 2400: 2394: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2320: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2307: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2285: 2274: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2208: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2125: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2070: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2012: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1955: 1944: 1934: 1928: 1918: 1909: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1859: 1853: 1843: 1758:Pazukhin's Death 1649:Penguin Classics 1556:Pazukhin's Death 1238:Mikhail Bulgakov 1219:Volkovo Cemetery 1163: 1127:Unfinished Talks 1032:Saltykov in 1880 934:Andrey Krayevsky 881:Avdotya Panayeva 878: 863:Sign of the Time 859:Innocent Stories 851:Maxim Antonovich 778:join Nekrasov's 753:Satires In Prose 745:Innocent Stories 730: 698:Pazukhin's Death 682:Taras Shevchenko 656:Nikolai Nekrasov 436:Saint Petersburg 264:Nikolay Nekrasov 253: 252: 228: 223: 219: 218: 205: 100:Saint Petersburg 96: 80:Tver Governorate 71: 69: 51: 37: 21: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2723: 2692: 2665: 2660: 2622:at Google books 2569: 2539: 2534: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2492: 2481: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2430: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2387: 2383: 2374: 2372: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2352: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2330: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2314: 2305: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2275: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2250: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2206: 2204: 2199:Livshits, Lev. 2198: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2157: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2126: 2089: 2080: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2034: 2026: 2024: 2014: 2013: 1974: 1965: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1947: 1935: 1931: 1919: 1912: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1860: 1856: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1806:, Ardis, 1982. 1751:, Moscow, 1952. 1635:Signet Classics 1590: 1551: 1520: 1467: 1462: 1416:Sergey Krivenko 1326:Nikolai Pisarev 1227: 1204:Forgotten Words 1161: 1075:Mon Repos Haven 1026: 914: 876: 855:Grigory Eliseev 795:Our Social Life 767: 728: 631: 617:Nizhny Novgorod 537: 535:Literary career 521:Valerian Maykov 394: 306: 221: 190:Saltykov family 170: 164: 98: 94: 73: 72:27 January 1826 67: 65: 57: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2875: 2873: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2740: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2721: 2717:The Pompadours 2713: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2690: 2682: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2644: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2616: 2605: 2589: 2573: 2558: 2549: 2538: 2537:External links 2535: 2533: 2532: 2510: 2479: 2463: 2456: 2437: 2416: 2395: 2381: 2360: 2337: 2312: 2290: 2266: 2257: 2235: 2213: 2191: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2142: 2133: 2087: 2032: 1972: 1945: 1929: 1910: 1894: 1882: 1870: 1854: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1822: 1814: 1801: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1771: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1740: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1702: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1659: 1642: 1628: 1618: 1608: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1560: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1534:The Pompadours 1531: 1519: 1516: 1507: 1506: 1500: 1490: 1482: 1476: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1460:Selected works 1458: 1441:Vladimir Lenin 1404:Osip Senkovsky 1330:Alexei Suvorin 1226: 1223: 1200:Vestnik Evropy 1168:Vestnik Evropy 1152:The demise of 1123:Motley Letters 1025: 1022: 990:Alexey Suvorin 978:The Pompadours 952:Pavel Annenkov 944:Pavel Annenkov 913: 908: 900:Count Shuvalov 887:department in 853:(supported by 829:) was termed " 817:Russkoye Slovo 813:intelligentsia 809:Dmitry Pisarev 804:Russkoye Slovo 766: 761: 664:Mikhail Katkov 630: 625: 573:Contradictions 557:social novella 549:Contradictions 536: 533: 459:Heinrich Heine 393: 390: 355:Anna Ioannovna 305: 302: 251:Николай Щедрин 248:(Russian: 214:(Russian: 207: 206: 198: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 157: 153: 152: 150:Natural School 143: 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 104:Russian Empire 97:(aged 63) 91: 87: 86: 84:Russian Empire 63: 59: 58: 52: 44: 43: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2874: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2657: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2521: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2506:0-8101-1679-0 2503: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2467: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2441: 2438: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2385: 2382: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2350: 2349: 2341: 2338: 2326: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2301: 2294: 2291: 2279: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2246: 2239: 2236: 2224: 2217: 2214: 2202: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2153: 2146: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2127:Goryachkina, 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2076: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2022: 2018: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:Pushkin House 1903: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1839: 1833: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1631:The Golovlovs 1629: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1429:Ivan Turgenev 1424: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1340:According to 1338: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1241: 1239: 1231: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1106: 1101: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1030: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 999: 994: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 970: 964: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 940: 936:and 'rented' 935: 931: 923: 918: 912: 909: 907: 905: 901: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 843: 838: 836: 832: 828: 827: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 805: 800: 796: 791: 789: 785: 781: 771: 765: 762: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 727: 723: 719: 715: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 687: 683: 679: 678:Nikolai Gogol 675: 671: 670: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652:Ivan Turgenev 649: 644: 641:In 1855 Tzar 635: 629: 626: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 605:Old Believers 600: 598: 592: 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 541: 534: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 489: 484: 478: 476: 472: 471: 466: 465: 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 427: 425: 421: 417: 416: 415:Russkaya Mysl 411: 407: 398: 391: 389: 385: 383: 379: 374: 372: 368: 363: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 341: 336: 332: 328: 323: 322:Russian noble 319: 318:Moscow Oblast 315: 311: 303: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 286: 281: 280: 275: 271: 270: 265: 261: 260:civil servant 257: 247: 244: 240: 236: 232: 227: 213: 204: 199: 194: 191: 188: 184: 180: 176: 173: 169: 168: 163: 162: 158: 156:Notable works 154: 151: 147: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 105: 101: 92: 88: 85: 81: 77: 64: 60: 56: 55:Ivan Kramskoi 50: 45: 38: 33: 19: 2742: 2734: 2715: 2709: 2705:Tchinovnicks 2703: 2684: 2676: 2662: 2619: 2608: 2592: 2576: 2524:. Retrieved 2513: 2497: 2472: 2466: 2446: 2440: 2429:. Retrieved 2419: 2408:. Retrieved 2398: 2390: 2389:James Wood. 2384: 2373:. Retrieved 2363: 2353:, retrieved 2347: 2340: 2329:. Retrieved 2304:. Retrieved 2293: 2282:. Retrieved 2260: 2249:. Retrieved 2238: 2227:. Retrieved 2216: 2205:. Retrieved 2194: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2156:. Retrieved 2145: 2136: 2079:. Retrieved 2025:, retrieved 2020: 1964:. Retrieved 1936: 1932: 1920: 1897: 1885: 1873: 1857: 1841: 1824: 1817: 1803: 1795: 1788: 1773: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1742: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1704: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1661: 1644: 1630: 1620: 1610: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1554: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1502: 1497:Modern Idyll 1496: 1492: 1484: 1478: 1470: 1438: 1434: 1425: 1411: 1407: 1401: 1382: 1370: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1339: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1299: 1291: 1285: 1278: 1266: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1236: 1212: 1206:(writing to 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1172: 1166: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114:Modern Idyll 1112: 1110: 1103:Portrait by 1093: 1089: 1087: 1083:Alexander II 1078: 1074: 1064: 1059: 1053: 1048: 1045:Yevgeny Utin 1036: 1035: 1009: 1001: 997: 995: 985: 981: 977: 973: 967: 965: 959: 955: 947: 937: 929: 927: 910: 897: 873: 871: 866: 862: 858: 841: 839: 824: 816: 802: 794: 792: 787: 783: 779: 776: 763: 756: 752: 744: 740: 738: 734:1861 reforms 725: 710: 705: 701: 697: 693: 691: 685: 673: 667: 659: 647: 640: 627: 601: 596: 593: 589: 572: 552: 548: 546: 501:Westernizers 492: 486: 479: 468: 462: 452: 447: 428: 419: 413: 403: 386: 381: 377: 375: 359: 307: 289: 283: 277: 267: 245: 238: 211: 210: 171: 165: 159: 95:(1889-05-10) 2772:1889 deaths 2767:1826 births 2747:(1869—1886) 2508:. Page 294. 2494:D.S. Mirsky 2225:. az.lib.ru 1927:, p. 548, 9 1447:and sister 1443:'s brother 1303:proletariat 1269:Knut Hamsun 1262:Maxim Gorky 1067:Oranienbaum 1041:bourgeoisie 1024:Later years 930:Sovremennik 874:Sovremennik 847:pochvenniks 780:Sovremennik 764:Sovremennik 749:Maxim Gorky 722:Robespierre 686:Sovremennik 660:Sovremennik 517:George Sand 509:Saint-Simon 493:Sovremennik 470:Sovremennik 371:Poshekhonye 331:Velvet Book 126:Nationality 93:10 May 1889 2761:Categories 2526:2012-03-01 2431:2012-03-01 2410:2012-03-01 2375:2012-03-01 2355:2012-03-01 2331:2012-03-01 2306:2012-03-01 2284:2012-03-01 2251:2012-03-01 2229:2012-03-01 2207:2012-03-01 2158:2012-03-01 2081:2012-03-01 2027:2012-03-01 1966:2012-03-01 1834:References 1812:0882337432 1782:9057020483 1768:Brentano's 1717:0882336118 1700:0902672398 1674:146830156X 1657:0140444904 1351:feuilleton 1346:journalism 1342:D.S.Mirsky 1282:Dostoevsky 1273:modernists 1018:Griboyedov 922:Nikolai Ge 867:Pompadours 842:Grazhdanin 784:Pompadours 696:published 643:Nicholas I 585:Nicholas I 555:(1848), a 455:Lord Byron 349:of Russia 272:until the 118:Occupation 68:1826-01-27 1445:Alexander 1307:Karl Marx 1293:Mysteries 1071:Mon Repos 621:Yaroslavl 497:Socialist 392:Education 367:Yaroslavl 304:Biography 290:Foolsburg 196:Signature 186:Relatives 137:1847—1889 76:Spas-Ugol 2697:Sketches 2565:LibriVox 2152:"Abroad" 1711:, 1982. 1694:, 1980. 1668:, 2013. 1651:, 1995. 1420:Narodnik 1418:(of the 1397:Rabelais 1385:Aesopian 1271:and the 1014:Fonvizin 1003:Tashkent 966:In 1870 885:treasury 799:nihilism 692:In 1857 373:region. 347:tsaritsa 256:satirist 243:pen name 110:Pen name 74:village 2712:, 1857) 2596:at the 2580:at the 2554:at the 2476:. 1983. 1791:, 1861. 1770:, 1924. 1739:, 1931. 1641:, 1961. 1617:, 1917. 1607:, 1910. 1536:(also: 1526:(also: 1454:Trotzky 1393:Swedish 924:, 1872. 821:elitism 788:Svistok 706:Shadows 513:Fourier 316:of the 294:fiction 146:Realism 129:Russian 2744:Fables 2739:(1857) 2720:(1874) 2689:(1880) 2681:(1870) 2670:Novels 2504: 2454: 1862:Saltyk 1810: 1780: 1725:Fables 1715: 1698: 1692:Oxford 1672: 1655: 1564:Fables 1465:Novels 1379:(1907) 1287:Hunger 1246:Fables 1225:Legacy 1215:stroke 1188:Fables 1177:fables 1107:, 1886 1090:Abroad 831:raskol 741:Vremya 718:Ryazan 714:police 577:Vyatka 444:muzhik 420:Beseda 410:Gospel 340:Polish 178:Spouse 172:Fables 134:Period 2728:Other 1709:Ardis 1569:Tales 1549:Other 1377:Re-Mi 1181:tales 1162:' 889:Penza 877:' 729:' 613:Kazan 561:Gogol 424:Latin 327:boyar 2502:ISBN 2452:ISBN 1808:ISBN 1778:ISBN 1713:ISBN 1696:ISBN 1670:ISBN 1653:ISBN 1567:(or 1540:and 1449:Anna 1317:and 1290:and 1254:and 1179:and 1171:and 1005:’ers 958:and 619:and 609:Perm 491:and 457:and 418:and 406:serf 310:1826 235:O.S. 231:O.S. 222:IPA: 90:Died 62:Born 2563:at 2545:at 1375:by 1305:". 869:). 666:’s 434:in 2763:: 2496:. 2482:^ 2315:^ 2269:^ 2090:^ 2035:^ 2019:, 1975:^ 1948:^ 1939:. 1913:^ 1904:, 1864:, 1848:, 1766:, 1747:, 1735:, 1707:, 1664:, 1647:, 1637:, 1633:, 1623:, 1613:, 1603:, 1456:. 1410:, 1328:, 1275:: 1145:, 1085:. 1016:, 865:, 861:, 837:. 615:, 611:, 511:, 450:. 357:. 300:. 220:, 148:, 102:, 82:, 2708:( 2655:e 2648:t 2641:v 2604:) 2588:) 2529:. 2460:. 2434:. 2413:. 2378:. 2334:. 2309:. 2287:. 2254:. 2232:. 2210:. 2161:. 2084:. 1969:. 1800:. 1577:( 70:) 66:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index