35:, he published his first volume of verse in 1901, followed by another two years later that solidified his reputation. Aside from another book of sonnets in 1914 and two during the 1920s, he authored three highly successful translations of French plays. He also edited a series of newspapers and wrote widely for an array of literary reviews. Attracted to the stage from early on, he led and reformed the main theatre in his city for several years after World War I, and during the 1930s presided over the arts school in IaČi. Beginning in 1905, he developed an eye disease that soon left him unable to read or write, tasks that he accomplished through intermediaries.
200:. In 1905, he developed an incurable and hereditary eye disease that prevented him from reading and writing for the rest of his life; the sonnets that form his legacy were thought up and memorized, before he dictated them in final form. He wore dark glasses and often leaned on friends' shoulders when he walked; the disease progressed gradually, so that colors and light slowly disappeared and he was almost entirely blind in old age. He also lost his abundant hair early and took to wearing theatrical wigs. Later, the baldness was somewhat reversed, but as the newer hair was not as rich as the wigs, he invariably appeared in a beret. In 1914, he published
320:
359:
profit for the first time. As a result, actors and playwrights became much better paid and their professions rose in prestige. He also obtained funds for repairing the building, badly worn out during the war. Codreanu served as general inspector of theatres in 1924, and returned to head the theatre on an interim basis from
January to November 1928. Meanwhile, he wrote
126:
455:
backyard.) Since 1970, the house has been a museum almost entirely preserved as it was during his lifetime, including his personal library, office, dining room and bedroom. Codreanu walked around with a cane; the one kept in the museum was reportedly used during his
Masonic initiation, and conceals a 70-cm blade of
302:
A prolific writer, his articles ranged from filler articles about how to catch rats, to political and literary analyses and reflections on patriotism, education and morals. In 1914, he became a substitute professor at the conservatory, where he taught diction, expressive reading and criticism; he was
450:
who had worked as his housekeeper since age 19. Arriving illiterate in his home, she managed to complete fourth grade, with a low passing score, in 1940. In addition to caring for her aged husband, she kept his personal objects in their original state after he died. He is rumored to have fathered a
454:
From 1934, until his death, Codreanu lived in a house called Vila Sonet, built on land donated to him the year before by the IaČi authorities in recognition of his achievements. (Sadoveanu sold rather than build a house on an adjacent plot he was given, saying he did not wish to live in
Codreanu's
358:
Additionally, Codreanu reformed the way the theatre operated: instead of having plays rotate after four or five shows, he kept only the best parts of the repertoire and divided the troupe in two (one for comedy and drama, the other for tragedy). In his second year as director, the theatre turned a
190:-influenced verses. The resultant piece suggested that the young poet drop the imitation of Baudelaire and focus instead on Eminescu's style, which prompted Codreanu to drop the preface entirely. The contemporary press praised his uncluttered style and the classical beauty of his verses.
390:("Statues. Sonnets and Escapes from the Sonnet"), which collected his prior work while adding a few new sonnets. He was the conservatory's acting rector in 1932, and held the post in his own right from 1933 to 1939, once again showing his skills as an administrator.
196:("From Time to Time") was published in 1903; and when reviewing this work, critics began to regard him as an authentic poet rather than a novice. The volume, initially published at IaČi, appeared two years later as part of the prestigious Bucharest-based
335:, he saw the theatre's mission as the propagation of a national culture in an enlarged state where part of the population had only tenuous links to the national consciousness. After sending his troupe of actors on an extended tour throughout the
441:
Codreanu's first marriage, in April 1906, was to Sofia Betina Veker, who also served as secretary and caregiver. She died in 1946, and the 70-year-old widower quickly married
Ecaterina Hare, a 35-year-old native of
414:("Sonnets"), a volume of selected sonnets, with the help of Teodoreanu. In the intervening decades since his last original book in 1939, his writing was confined to magazines. His distinctions included:
459:
that he used to defend himself from drunkards and the jealous husbands of the women who thronged around him. Once, it was stolen while he was with a prostitute in a brothel, but it was later recovered.
113:, and began whistling to express his disapproval. An outraged Dragomir demanded punishment; the school's leadership met to discuss its options, and resumed its investigation in autumn. Finally, the
995:
151:. Work on the project went slowly, but he published it in 1920 to great enthusiasm in the cultural milieu; the play premiered in IaČi in 1928. Other translations, which sold widely, include
114:
204:("Statues"), a collection of 99 sonnets, several of which he had composed for the dedication ceremonies of statues in his city. The work was hugely successful, garnering praise from
990:
363:("The Song of Vanity", 1921), praised by IbrÄileanu but scorned by Lovinescu. In the event, he went on to become the second winner of an annual national prize for poetry in 1925.
980:
307:, Codreanu's poetry was untouched by the dramatic events taking place around him. Around this period, he lived in a small old apartment in the yard of what is now the
821:
790:
752:
676:
594:
565:
950:
403:
719:
303:
full professor from 1920 to 1938. His mother died in
January 1916. While IaČi, where Mârzescu was serving as mayor, would soon become the temporary capital of
1035:
1010:
1000:
985:
106:
167:. In spite of an adolescence spent dreaming of an actor's career, Codreanu's only role on stage came in 1912, when he appeared in his translation of
1015:
1040:
884:
1025:
960:
965:
109:
from 1897 to 1899. In the summer of 1899, after graduation but before receiving his diploma, he attended a theatrical performance by
1030:
654:
424:
31:; July 25, 1876 â October 23, 1957) was a Romanian poet, particularly noted for his sonnets. A native and lifelong resident of
1005:
970:
945:
818:
787:
749:
673:
591:
562:
287:
1020:
975:
252:
851:
415:
716:
304:
57:
64:
in
September 1877. His mother Natalia was born in 1843 to Dimitrie Mânzariu, who later changed the family name to
143:
265:
164:
73:
371:
367:
225:
915:
860:
430:
378:
circle. After the review moved to
Bucharest, its place in the cultural life of IaČi was taken in 1936 by
308:
217:
92:
451:
love child, but this individual, who became a university professor, denied the story his entire life.
1045:
940:
935:
435:
69:
110:
955:
277:
382:, which he co-directed with Sadoveanu from 1937. His last volume of original sonnets was the 1929
340:
183:
844:
650:
407:
138:
27:
399:
328:
855:
825:
794:
756:
723:
680:
598:
569:
332:
327:
From 1919 to 1923, Codreanu headed the IaČi
National Theatre, taking over from his friend
209:
187:
87:, and probably moved around schools due to poor conduct. Codreanu's poetic debut came in
501:
348:
213:
179:
148:
97:
95:, also taking courses in medicine, philosophy and philology. His thesis focused on the
434:(1929) and the Order of Labor, first class (1956). He died in 1957, and was buried in
929:
491:
205:
152:
53:
456:
344:
61:
319:
221:
102:
516:(heroic comedy in five verse acts), translated from Edmond Rostand, IaČi, 1920
447:
271:
848:
84:
147:
and decided to write a translation after receiving written permission from
125:
443:
352:
336:
163:(1903). Both translations were successfully staged for many years at the
91:
magazine in 1891. From 1896 to 1900 he studied at the law faculty of the
80:
49:
32:
68:; she worked as an inspector at a maternity hospital. Her brother was
318:
124:
323:
Vila Sonet, Codreanu's home in his later years, and now a museum
243:(1909); not coincidentally, his cousin Mârzescu was director at
922:, year III, nr. 3-4 (11â12), OctoberâDecember 2008, p. 5â7
347:, newly emerged from Austro-Hungarian rule. They also reached
295:
was especially important in advancing his reputation, and his
885:"Bastonul cu stilet Toledo al sonetistului Mihai Codreanu"
178:("Diaphanous Forms"), was published in 1901. He convinced
916:"Nostalgii ieČene: Mihai Codreanu â amurgul solitarului"
79:
He attended secondary school from 1887 to 1894 in IaČi,
374:; the three were also linked through membership in the
141:
at Paris in 1900. While there, he saw a performance of
649:, vol. I, p. 359. PiteČti: Editura Paralela 45, 2004.
398:
In 1942, he was elected a corresponding member of the
251:. In 1908, he was among the founding members of the
137:
Codreanu took private lessons in dramatic arts with
355:, where they helped inaugurate a national theatre.
231:He edited newspapers in his native city, including
52:. His father Mihail Costache Codreanu, a native of
410:in 1948. Near the end of his life, he published
117:decided to withhold his diploma for two years.
996:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes AcadĂŠmiques
386:("The Ivory Tower") and in 1939, he published
991:Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy
470:Puterea pÄrinteascÄ ĂŽn dreptul roman Či român
8:
490:(verse drama in five acts), translated from
255:. Magazines that published his work include
647:DicČionarul biografic al literaturii române
500:(verse play in four acts), translated from
876:
874:
872:
870:
813:
811:
809:
807:
782:
780:
778:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
668:
666:
664:
662:
586:
584:
582:
557:
555:
553:
56:, was a judge and a Latin teacher at the
981:Romanian theatre managers and producers
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
549:
339:region, he accepted an invitation from
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
239:(1904â1906) and the newly established
101:in Roman and Romanian law. He studied
951:Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
366:In 1927, Sadoveanu persuaded him and
26:
7:
482:Din când ĂŽn când. Poezii (1901â1903)
532:Statui. Sonete Či evadÄri din sonet
388:Statui. Sonete Či evadÄri din sonet
351:, the capital of formerly Austrian
1036:20th-century Romanian male writers
1011:Romanian writers with disabilities
1001:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
986:Rectors of universities in Romania
370:to join the Cantemir Lodge of the
299:appeared at its publishing house.
121:Poetic debut and rising reputation
14:
819:"Necunoscutul Mihai Codreanu (7)"
788:"Necunoscutul Mihai Codreanu (6)"
750:"Necunoscutul Mihai Codreanu (5)"
717:"Necunoscutul Mihai Codreanu (8)"
674:"Necunoscutul Mihai Codreanu (4)"
592:"Necunoscutul Mihai Codreanu (3)"
563:"Necunoscutul Mihai Codreanu (2)"
72:, while Mihai's first cousin was
247:in the same period, and founded
1016:Burials at Eternitatea cemetery
133:, in the 1905 Bucharest edition
343:to have the actors perform in
216:, as well as from his friends
1:
472:(doctoral thesis), IaČi, 1900
1041:Blind scholars and academics
425:Ordre des Palmes AcadĂŠmiques
331:. Following the creation of
283:AdevÄrul literar Či artistic
174:His first volume of poetry,
1026:20th-century Romanian poets
416:House Order of Hohenzollern
182:to write a preface for the
1062:
961:Romanian newspaper editors
305:Romania during World War I
288:Revista FundaČiilor Regale
28:[miËhajkoËdreĚŻanu]
966:Romanian magazine editors
253:Romanian Writers' Society
16:Romanian poet (1876â1957)
1031:20th-century translators
394:Mature years and legacy
24:Romanian pronunciation:
849:"Sadoveanu francmason"
520:Cântecul deČertÄciunii
418:, first class (1914);
361:Cântecul deČertÄciunii
324:
233:Noutatea Či Propaganda
226:Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan
198:Biblioteca pentru toČi
161:La Princesse lointaine
134:
1006:Romanian blind people
322:
165:IaČi National Theatre
159:(1901) and Rostand's
128:
74:Gheorghe Gh. Mârzescu
44:Origins and education
971:Romanian translators
436:Eternitatea cemetery
372:Romanian Freemasonry
1021:Romanian male poets
976:Romanian Freemasons
498:PrinČesa-ndepÄrtatÄ
368:PÄstorel Teodoreanu
278:Convorbiri Literare
920:ConstelaČii ieČene
891:, January 14, 2015
883:Beatrice PanČiru,
854:2016-09-19 at the
824:2015-05-26 at the
793:2015-05-27 at the
755:2015-05-27 at the
722:2015-05-26 at the
679:2015-05-27 at the
645:Aurel Sasu (ed.),
597:2015-05-26 at the
568:2015-05-26 at the
514:Cyrano de Bergerac
341:Tiberiu Brediceanu
325:
218:Garabet IbrÄileanu
184:Charles Baudelaire
144:Cyrano de Bergerac
135:
115:Education Ministry
93:University of IaČi
946:Writers from IaČi
830:Jurnalul NaČional
799:Jurnalul NaČional
761:Jurnalul NaČional
728:Jurnalul NaČional
685:Jurnalul NaČional
603:Jurnalul NaČional
574:Jurnalul NaČional
540:, Bucharest, 1957
534:, Bucharest, 1939
528:, Bucharest, 1929
504:, Bucharest, 1903
494:, Bucharest, 1903
107:IaČi Conservatory
70:Gheorghe Mârzescu
1053:
914:
901:
898:
892:
882:
878:
865:
861:România LiterarÄ
843:
839:
833:
815:
802:
784:
773:
770:
764:
746:
731:
713:
688:
670:
657:
643:
606:
588:
577:
559:
526:Turnul de fildeČ
431:LĂŠgion d'Honneur
408:communist regime
402:, from which he
400:Romanian Academy
384:Turnul de fildeČ
380:ĂnsemnÄri ieČene
376:ViaČa RomâneascÄ
329:Mihail Sadoveanu
315:Theatre director
293:ViaČa RomâneascÄ
266:ViaČa RomâneascÄ
228:was dismissive.
194:Din când În când
131:Din când În când
58:National College
30:
25:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:
926:
925:
912:
909:
904:
899:
895:
880:
879:
868:
856:Wayback Machine
841:
840:
836:
826:Wayback Machine
817:Viorel IliČoi,
816:
805:
801:, June 26, 2014
795:Wayback Machine
786:Viorel IliČoi,
785:
776:
771:
767:
763:, June 25, 2014
757:Wayback Machine
748:Viorel IliČoi,
747:
734:
730:, July 31, 2014
724:Wayback Machine
715:Viorel IliČoi,
714:
691:
681:Wayback Machine
672:Viorel IliČoi,
671:
660:
644:
609:
599:Wayback Machine
590:Viorel IliČoi,
589:
580:
570:Wayback Machine
561:Viorel IliČoi,
560:
551:
547:
466:
396:
333:Greater Romania
317:
210:Eugen Lovinescu
188:Mihail Eminescu
123:
98:patria potestas
89:Lumea ilustratÄ
48:He was born in
46:
41:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
928:
927:
924:
923:
908:
905:
903:
902:
893:
866:
834:
832:, July 3, 2014
803:
774:
765:
732:
689:
687:, May 13, 2014
658:
607:
578:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
511:
508:Statui. Sonete
505:
502:Edmond Rostand
495:
485:
479:
473:
465:
462:
395:
392:
316:
313:
214:Gala Galaction
180:Titu Maiorescu
149:Edmond Rostand
139:Eugène Silvain
129:Title page of
122:
119:
111:State Dragomir
45:
42:
40:
37:
20:Mihai Codreanu
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1058:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
931:
921:
917:
913:(in Romanian)
911:
910:
906:
897:
894:
890:
886:
881:(in Romanian)
877:
875:
873:
871:
867:
864:, Nr. 10/2008
863:
862:
857:
853:
850:
846:
842:(in Romanian)
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
814:
812:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:
783:
781:
779:
775:
769:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
718:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:
669:
667:
665:
663:
659:
656:
655:973-697-758-7
652:
648:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
608:
605:, May 7, 2014
604:
600:
596:
593:
587:
585:
583:
579:
576:, May 6, 2014
575:
571:
567:
564:
558:
556:
554:
550:
544:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
499:
496:
493:
492:Jean Richepin
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
467:
463:
461:
458:
452:
449:
445:
439:
437:
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
321:
314:
312:
310:
306:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:(1897â1898),
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:Tudor Arghezi
203:
199:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:Jean Richepin
150:
146:
145:
140:
132:
127:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
38:
36:
34:
29:
21:
919:
896:
888:
859:
837:
829:
798:
768:
760:
727:
684:
646:
602:
573:
537:
531:
525:
522:, IaČi, 1921
519:
513:
510:, IaČi, 1914
507:
497:
487:
484:, IaČi, 1903
481:
478:, IaČi, 1901
475:
469:
464:Bibliography
457:Toledo steel
453:
440:
429:
428:(1921); the
423:
419:
411:
397:
387:
383:
379:
375:
365:
360:
357:
345:Transylvania
326:
309:Union Museum
301:
296:
292:
286:
282:
276:
270:
264:
260:
256:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
230:
201:
197:
193:
192:
175:
173:
168:
160:
156:
142:
136:
130:
96:
88:
78:
65:
62:tuberculosis
60:who died of
47:
19:
18:
1046:Blind poets
941:1957 deaths
936:1876 births
900:Voicu, p. 7
772:Voicu, p. 5
406:by the new
261:Evenimentul
224:, although
222:Octav Botez
103:declamation
956:Sonneteers
930:Categories
907:References
448:Bessarabia
404:was purged
169:La Martyre
157:La Martyre
54:Târgu Ocna
845:Ion SimuČ
420:chevalier
245:Liberalul
237:Liberalul
85:Bucharest
39:Biography
889:Historia
852:Archived
822:Archived
791:Archived
753:Archived
720:Archived
677:Archived
595:Archived
566:Archived
444:Bravicea
353:Bukovina
349:CernÄuČi
337:Moldavia
249:MiČcarea
241:MiČcarea
66:Mârzescu
488:Martira
476:Diafane
422:of the
272:FlacÄra
176:Diafane
105:at the
653:
538:Sonete
412:Sonete
297:Statui
202:Statui
186:- and
918:, in
858:, in
545:Notes
257:ViaČa
81:BacÄu
651:ISBN
285:and
220:and
212:and
83:and
50:IaČi
33:IaČi
446:in
155:'s
932::
887:,
869:^
847:,
828:,
806:^
797:,
777:^
759:,
735:^
726:,
692:^
683:,
661:^
610:^
601:,
581:^
572:,
552:^
438:.
311:.
291:.
281:,
275:,
269:,
263:,
259:,
208:,
171:.
76:.
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
