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518:) says everything, is clad, as you will see, in a cold and sinister beauty. It was created with rage and patience. Besides, the proof of its positive worth is in all the ill that they speak of it. The book enrages people. Moreover, since I was terrified myself of the horror that I should inspire, I cut out a third from the proofs. They deny me everything, the spirit of invention and even the knowledge of the French language. I don't care a rap about all these imbeciles, and I know that this book, with its virtues and its faults, will make its way in the memory of the lettered public, beside the best poems of V. Hugo, Th. Gautier and even Byron."
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which was highly regarded, particularly his essay "Richard Wagner et Tannhäuser à Paris". Baudelaire's reaction to music was passionate and psychological. "Music engulfs (possesses) me like the sea." After attending three Wagner concerts in Paris in 1860, Baudelaire wrote to the composer: "I had a feeling of pride and joy in understanding, in being possessed, in being overwhelmed, a truly sensual pleasure like that of rising in the air." Baudelaire's writings contributed to the elevation of Wagner and to the cult of
952:, Baudelaire called him "a poet in painting". Baudelaire also absorbed much of Delacroix's aesthetic ideas as expressed in his journals. As Baudelaire elaborated in his "Salon of 1846", "As one contemplates his series of pictures, one seems to be attending the celebration of some grievous mystery...This grave and lofty melancholy shines with a dull light.. plaintive and profound like a melody by Weber." Delacroix, though appreciative, kept his distance from Baudelaire, particularly after the scandal of
811:) and refined sensual and aesthetic pleasures, and the use of urban subject matter, such as the city, the crowd, individual passers-by, all expressed in highly ordered verse, sometimes through a cynical and ironic voice. Formally, the use of sound to create atmosphere, and of "symbols" (images that take on an expanded function within the poem), betray a move towards considering the poem as a self-referential object, an idea further developed by the Symbolists
896:, in which he found tales and poems that had, he claimed, long existed in his own brain but never taken shape. Baudelaire saw in Poe a precursor and tried to be his French contemporary counterpart. From this time until 1865, he was largely occupied with translating Poe's works; his translations were widely praised. Baudelaire was not the first French translator of Poe, but his "scrupulous translations" were considered among the best. These were published as
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direction of his work and his alleged advocacy of "satanism", his experience of drug-induced states of mind, the figure of the dandy, his stance regarding democracy and its implications for the individual, his response to the spiritual uncertainties of the time, his criticisms of the bourgeois, and his advocacy of modern music and painting (e.g.,
1047:, and Baudelaire. While it's difficult to differentiate who influenced whom, both Manet and Baudelaire discussed and expressed some common themes through their respective arts. Baudelaire praised the modernity of Manet's subject matter: "almost all our originality comes from the stamp that 'time' imprints upon our feelings." When Manet's famous
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his works we see the rejection of the belief in the supremacy of nature and the fundamental goodness of man as typically espoused by the romantics and expressed by them in rhetorical, effusive and public voice in favor of a new urban sensibility, an awareness of individual moral complexity, an interest in vice (linked with
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1068:(Félix Tournachon) was a noted caricaturist, scientist and important early photographer. Baudelaire admired Nadar, one of his close friends, and wrote: "Nadar is the most amazing manifestation of vitality." They moved in similar circles and Baudelaire made many social connections through him. Nadar's ex-mistress
1057:, Baudelaire worked privately to support his friend, though he offered no public defense (he was, however, ill at the time). When Baudelaire returned from Belgium after his stroke, Manet and his wife were frequent visitors at the nursing home and she played passages from Wagner for Baudelaire on the piano.
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became
Baudelaire's mistress around 1842. Baudelaire became interested in photography in the 1850s, and denouncing it as an art form, advocated its return to "its real purpose, which is that of being the servant to the sciences and arts". Photography should not, according to Baudelaire, encroach upon
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and
Baudelaire became constant companions from around 1855. In the early 1860s, Baudelaire accompanied Manet on daily sketching trips and often met him socially. Manet also lent Baudelaire money and looked after his affairs, particularly when Baudelaire went to Belgium. Baudelaire encouraged Manet to
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and conceiving the idea of the "total art work" ("Gesamtkunstwerk"), both of which gained
Baudelaire's admiration. Before even hearing Wagner's music, Baudelaire studied reviews and essays about him, and formulated his impressions. Later, Baudelaire put them into his non-technical analysis of Wagner,
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On returning to the taverns of Paris, he began to compose some of the poems of "Les Fleurs du Mal". At 21, he received a sizable inheritance but squandered much of it within a few years. His family obtained a decree to place his property in trust, which he resented bitterly, at one point arguing that
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Baudelaire's biographers have often seen this as a crucial moment, considering that finding himself no longer the sole focus of his mother's affection left him with a trauma, which goes some way to explaining the excesses later apparent in his life. He stated in a letter to her that, "There was in my
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Who among us has not dreamt, in moments of ambition, of the miracle of a poetic prose, musical without rhythm and rhyme, supple and staccato enough to adapt to the lyrical stirrings of the soul, the undulations of dreams, and sudden leaps of consciousness. This obsessive idea is above all a child of
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The principal themes of sex and death were considered scandalous for the period. He also touched on lesbianism, sacred and profane love, metamorphosis, melancholy, the corruption of the city, lost innocence, the oppressiveness of living, and wine. Notable in some poems is
Baudelaire's use of imagery
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Baudelaire is one of the major innovators in French literature. His poetry is influenced by the French romantic poets of the earlier 19th century, although its attention to the formal features of verse connects it more closely to the work of the contemporary "Parnassians". As for theme and tone, in
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Upon the death of his stepfather in 1857, Baudelaire received no mention in the will but he was heartened nonetheless that the division with his mother might now be mended. At 36, he wrote to her: "believe that I belong to you absolutely, and that I belong only to you." His mother died on 16 August
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His stepfather sent him on a voyage to
Calcutta, India in 1841 in the hope of ending his dissolute habits. The trip provided strong impressions of the sea, sailing, and exotic ports, that he later employed in his poetry. Baudelaire later exaggerated his aborted trip to create a legend about his
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Upon gaining his degree in 1839, he told his brother "I don't feel I have a vocation for anything." His stepfather had in mind a career in law or diplomacy, but instead
Baudelaire decided to embark upon a literary career. His mother later recalled: "Oh, what grief! If Charles had let himself be
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shine and dazzle like stars...I applaud your vigorous spirit with all my might." Baudelaire did not appeal the judgment, but his fine was reduced. Nearly 100 years later, on 11 May 1949, Baudelaire was vindicated, the judgment officially reversed, and the six banned poems reinstated in France.
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The book, however, quickly became a byword for unwholesomeness among mainstream critics of the day. Some critics called a few of the poems "masterpieces of passion, art and poetry," but other poems were deemed to merit no less than legal action to suppress them. J. Habas led the charge against
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Baudelaire was an active participant in the artistic life of his times. As critic and essayist, he wrote extensively and perceptively about the luminaries and themes of French culture. He was frank with friends and enemies, rarely took the diplomatic approach and sometimes responded violently
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Beyond his innovations in versification and the theories of symbolism and "correspondences", an awareness of which is essential to any appreciation of the literary value of his work, aspects of his work that regularly receive much critical discussion include the role of women, the theological
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earlier stated: "In artistic matters, I am a supernaturalist. I believe that the artist can not find all his forms in nature, but that the most remarkable are revealed to him in his soul." Gautier's frequent meditations on death and the horror of life are themes which influenced
Baudelaire's
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In the early 1850s, Baudelaire struggled with poor health, pressing debts, and irregular literary output. He often moved from one lodging to another to escape creditors. He undertook many projects that he was unable to complete, though he did finish translations of stories by
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Many of
Baudelaire's works were published posthumously. After his death, his mother paid off his substantial debts, and she found some comfort in Baudelaire's emerging fame. "I see that my son, for all his faults, has his place in literature." She lived another four years.
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His financial difficulties increased again, however, particularly after his publisher Poulet
Malassis went bankrupt in 1861. In 1864, he left Paris for Belgium, partly in the hope of selling the rights to his works and to give lectures. His long-standing relationship with
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Many of
Baudelaire's philosophical proclamations were considered scandalous and intentionally provocative in his time. He wrote on a wide range of subjects, drawing criticism and outrage from many quarters. Along with Poe, Baudelaire named the arch-reactionary
380:, a Haitian born actress became his mistress. She was rejected by his family. His mother thought Duval a "Black Venus" who "tortured him in every way" and drained him of money at every opportunity. Baudelaire made a suicide attempt during this period.
1108:. There are but three beings worthy of respect: the priest, the warrior and the poet. To know, to kill and to create. The rest of mankind may be taxed and drudged, they are born for the stable, that is to say, to practise what they call professions."
341:, where he boarded. At 14, he was described by a classmate as "much more refined and distinguished than any of our fellow pupils ... we are bound to one another ... by shared tastes and sympathies, the precocious love of fine works of literature."
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in Paris, studying law, a popular course for those not yet decided on any particular career. He began to frequent prostitutes and may have contracted gonorrhea and syphilis during this period. He also began to run up debts, mostly for clothes.
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His first published work, under the pseudonym Baudelaire Dufaÿs, was his art review "Salon of 1845", which attracted immediate attention for its boldness. Many of his critical opinions were novel in their time, including his championing of
996:, writer and poet, earned Baudelaire's respect for his perfection of form and his mastery of language, though Baudelaire thought he lacked deeper emotion and spirituality. Both strove to express the artist's inner vision, which
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childhood a period of passionate love for you." Baudelaire regularly begged his mother for money throughout his career, often promising that a lucrative publishing contract or journalistic commission was just around the corner.
316:. His father, Joseph-François Baudelaire (1759–1827), a senior civil servant and amateur artist, who at 60, was 34 years older than Baudelaire's 26-year-old mother, Caroline (née Dufaÿs) (1794–1871); she was his second wife.
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Baudelaire, his publisher and the printer were successfully prosecuted for creating an offense against public morals. They were fined, but Baudelaire was not imprisoned. Six of the poems were suppressed, but printed later as
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Baudelaire's influence on the direction of modern French (and English) language literature was considerable. The most significant French writers to come after him were generous with tributes; four years after his death,
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strike out on his own path and not succumb to criticism. "Manet has great talent, a talent which will stand the test of time. But he has a weak character. He seems to me crushed and stunned by shock." In his painting
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1236:'s life from January to May 1844, in which (among other things) Poe becomes involved with a young Baudelaire in a plot to expose Baudelaires' stepfather to blackmail, to free up Baudelaires' patrimony.
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1779:"By modernity I mean the transitory, the fugitive, the contingent which make up one half of art, the other being the eternal and the immutable." Charles Baudelaire, "The Painter of Modern Life" in
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514:"You know that I have always considered that literature and the arts pursue an aim independent of morality. Beauty of conception and style is enough for me. But this book, whose title (
681:) (1880), originally an article "Comment on paye ses dettes quand on a du génie" ("How one pays one's debts when one has genius"), in which his criticism turns against his friends
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guided by his stepfather, his career would have been very different ... He would not have left a name in literature, it is true, but we should have been happier, all three of us."
494:(and acquitted), was impressed and wrote to Baudelaire: "You have found a way to rejuvenate Romanticism...You are as unyielding as marble, and as penetrating as an English mist."
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733:, his life of stress, and his poverty had taken a toll and Baudelaire had aged noticeably. But at last, his mother relented and agreed to let him live with her for a while at
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510:: "Everything in it which is not hideous is incomprehensible, everything one understands is putrid." Baudelaire responded to the outcry in a prophetic letter to his mother:
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Baudelaire was a slow and very attentive worker. However, he often was sidetracked by indolence, emotional distress and illness, and it was not until 1857 that he published
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The poems found a small, yet appreciative audience. However, greater public attention was given to their subject matter. The effect on fellow artists was, as
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Joseph-François died during Baudelaire's childhood, at rue Hautefeuille, Paris, on 10 February 1827. The following year, Caroline married Lieutenant Colonel
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assessment of 19th-century culture. For Benjamin, Baudelaire's importance lay in his anatomies of the crowd, of the city and of modernity. He says that, in
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761:, and in Brussels he began to drink to excess. Baudelaire suffered a massive stroke in 1866 and paralysis followed. After more than a year of
550:, without these poems, but with considerable additions, appeared in 1861. Many notables rallied behind Baudelaire and condemned the sentence.
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1792:""If we had to nominate a first modernist, Baudelaire would surely be the man."" Marshall Berman, "Everything That Is Solid Melts Into Air"
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continued on-and-off, and he helped her to the end of his life. Baudelaire's relationships with actress Marie Daubrun and with courtesan
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At the same time that Eliot was affirming Baudelaire's importance from a broadly conservative and explicitly Christian viewpoint,
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and wrote for a revolutionary newspaper. However, his interest in politics was passing, as he was later to note in his journals.
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Baudelaire was erratic in his studies, at times diligent, at other times prone to "idleness". Later, he attended the
2775:– largest Internet site dedicated to Charles Baudelaire. Poems and prose are available in English, French and Czech.
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during the mid-19th century. Baudelaire's original style of prose-poetry influenced a generation of poets including
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and free-spender, going through much of his inheritance and allowance in a short period of time. During this time,
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allowing him to fail financially would have been the one sure way of teaching him to keep his finances in order.
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1053:(1865), a portrait of a nude prostitute, provoked a scandal for its blatant realism mixed with an imitation of
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In 1846, Baudelaire wrote his second Salon review, gaining additional credibility as an advocate and critic of
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stated, "immense, prodigious, unexpected, mingled with admiration and with some indefinable anxious fear".
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of the sense of smell and of fragrances, which is used to evoke feelings of nostalgia and past intimacy.
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Eliot, T.S.: Typescript, Hayward Bequest ; subsequently adapted for the lecture later published as
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as the foremost Romantic artist gained widespread notice. The following year Baudelaire's novella
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of the Catholic Church. The last year of his life was spent in a semi-paralyzed state in various
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were able to do so from a dramatically different perspective. Benjamin translated Baudelaire's
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has "assembled one of the world's most comprehensive research collections on ... Baudelaire".
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being one example of his efforts during that time. In 1860, he became an ardent supporter of
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writings. In gratitude for their friendship and commonality of vision, Baudelaire dedicated
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1586:: "Abel And Cain (Abel et Cain)" and "Remorse of the Dead (Remords posthume)" (1993, on
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Baudelaire was born in Paris, France, on 9 April 1821, and baptized two months later at
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in Brussels and in Paris, where he died on 31 August 1867. Baudelaire is buried in the
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1751:. Judge, Harry George., Toyne, Anthony. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 38.
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verbally, which often undermined his cause. His associations were numerous, including
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2008:(XXVe année, seconde série de la nouvelle période, tome dixième), 1855. pp. 1079–1093
1680:
1229:
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812:
723:
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325:
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5238:
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4955:
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4465:
4310:
4265:
3989:
3921:
3911:
3851:
3801:
3746:
3557:
3475:
3446:
3297:
1069:
839:
750:
700:
628:
377:
256:
122:
4796:
1831:
Ziegler, Jean (March 1979). "F. Baudelaire (1759–1827) Peintre et Amateur D'art".
646:
597:
360:
Portrait of Baudelaire at 23 years old, painted in 1844 by Émile Deroy (1820–1846)
2965:
2722:
5446:
5313:
5163:
5115:
4760:
4663:
4607:
4414:
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3204:
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1583:
1280:
1168:
1128:
1105:
873:
869:
865:
551:
425:
416:
2837:
1148:
published "Le Tombeau de Charles Baudelaire", a sonnet in Baudelaire's memory.
964:
Baudelaire had no formal musical training, and knew little of composers beyond
4567:
3886:
3866:
3856:
3505:
3342:
2813:
1670:
1195:
In the late 1930s, Benjamin used Baudelaire as a starting point and focus for
770:
766:
249:
245:
2978:
2648:
2568:
2549:
5228:
4557:
4439:
3771:
3490:
3480:
2742:
2699:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 536–537.
1766:
1617:
1076:
977:
505:
298:
286:
2807:
1674:
439:
696:
5368:
2869:
1746:
1571:
1121:
734:
730:
1852:
Une histoire des parents d'écrivains : De Balzac à Marguerite Duras
1192:
into German and published a major essay on translation as the foreword.
1100:
and adopted increasingly aristocratic views. In his journals, he wrote:
5040:
3791:
3382:
2948:, featuring the original French alongside multiple English translations
2802:
Nikolas Kompridis on Baudelaire's poetry, art, and the "memory of loss"
762:
737:. Baudelaire was productive and at peace in the seaside town, his poem
3485:
2991:
2883:– largest site dedicated to Baudelaire's poems and prose, containing
1783:, edited and translated by Jonathan Mayne. London: Phaidon Press, 13.
1605:
1144:
praised him in a letter as "the king of poets, a true God". In 1895,
881:
2517:(1996), "The study begins with some reflections on the influence of
365:
youthful travels and experiences, including "riding on elephants".
2796:
2472:, trans. Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin, Belknap/Harvard, 1999.
1969:. By Charles Baudelaire. London: Penguin Books Ltd. p. xxiii.
658:, September 1858); various articles contributed to Eugène Crépet's
2865:
2680:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2349:"Intimate journals :: :: University of Virginia Library"
1249:
1127:
1116:
1012:
838:
758:
714:
695:
596:
521:
438:
373:
355:
241:
5611:
330:, who later became a French ambassador to various noble courts.
3441:
2761:
2446:
cf. Eliot, 'Religion in Literature', in Eliot, op. cit., p. 388.
1494:: "L'Invitation au voyage" (1870) and "La vie antérieure" (1884)
1156:, Baudelaire was "the greatest poet of the nineteenth century".
338:
5615:
3177:
2995:
2959:
2918:– Sean Bonney's experimental translations of Baudelaire (humor)
3173:
2587:"François Porché (1877-1944) | The National Library of Israel"
1854:(in French). Paris, France: Editions Flammarion. p. 274.
1447:
211:
164:
2781:– site dedicated to Baudelaire's poems and prose, containing
2424:, The Hudson Review Vol. 2, No. 3 (Autumn, 1949), pp. 327–342
1104:"There is no form of rational and assured government save an
2768:
Twilight to Dawn: Charles Baudelaire – Cordite Poetry Review
1163:
credited Baudelaire as providing an initial impetus for the
791:
giant cities, of the intersecting of their myriad relations.
2772:
2529:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, pp. 94–98,
2485:(1996), "The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire", in
473:) in 1855, when they were published by Baudelaire's friend
199:
190:
158:
152:
2493:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, pp. 3–92,
1988:
1986:
1942:. Vol. 1. Paris: Librairie A. Rouquette. p. 339.
819:, who acknowledge Baudelaire as a pioneer in this regard.
609:
Baudelaire next worked on a translation and adaptation of
2941:
1473:
any relevant information into other sections or articles.
1152:, in an essay published in 1922, stated that, along with
562:
In the poem "Au lecteur" ("To the Reader") that prefaces
1167:
movement by virtue of his translations of Poe. In 1930,
892:
In 1847, Baudelaire became acquainted with the works of
1940:
Manual de L'Amateur de Livres du XIXe Siècle: 1801–1893
675:
Un Dernier Chapitre de l'histoire des oeuvres de Balzac
1232:
is a fictional treatment of the unaccounted period in
2637:"Serge Gainsbourg's 20 greatest recordings – ranked!"
671:
French poets; Artificial Paradises: opium and hashish
184:
208:
193:
187:
161:
155:
149:
5807:
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3280:
3211:
3136:
3095:
3068:
3029:
2555:
differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies
2455:'The Task of the Translator', in Benjamin, Walter:
2437:, line 76. gutenberg.org. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
2398:, p. 20, Fontana, 1962 (originally published 1931).
932:) (1865). Two essays on Poe are to be found in his
205:
146:
115:
105:
97:
87:
79:
65:
53:
30:
1656:: "Mosaick" and "The Driving Rain (18)" (2023, on
619:. Other works in the years that followed included
679:A Final Chapter of the history of works of Balzac
372:Baudelaire became known in artistic circles as a
19:"Baudelaire" redirects here. For other uses, see
2958:(Charles Baudelaire / une édition illustrée par
1304:Réflexions sur Quelques-uns de mes Contemporains
2810:– the influence of Baudelaire on Bengali poetry
2019:The Poems and Prose Poems of Charles Baudelaire
2004:Baudelaire, Charles. Les Fleurs du mal. Paris:
1102:
788:
2385:, p. 286, trans. John Sturrock, Penguin, 1994.
399:1871, outliving her son by almost four years.
5627:
3189:
3007:
729:By 1859, his illnesses, his long-term use of
488:, recently attacked in a similar fashion for
8:
2815:Alexander Barykin – The Invitation to Travel
2797:Charles Baudelaire International Association
1124:of Charles Baudelaire, Montparnasse Cemetery
1074:
1017:
985:that swept Europe in the following decades.
632:); a series of art reviews published in the
503:
2411:, pp. 422 and 425, Faber & Faber, 1961.
1781:The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays
1346:Œuvres Posthumes et Correspondance Générale
948:A strong supporter of the Romantic painter
297:has credited Baudelaire as being the first
5634:
5620:
5612:
4399:
3532:
3196:
3182:
3174:
3014:
3000:
2992:
1965:Clark, Carol (1995). "Notes on the Text".
1805:. David R. Godine Publisher, 1983, p.xxv.
1039:, Manet includes portraits of his friends
573:Has wove no pleasing patterns in the stuff
38:
27:
2567:
2228:
2226:
2156:(1st ed.). Greenwood Press. p.
2083:
2081:
2017:Huneker, James. Introductory preface to:
1951:
1949:
570:... If rape or arson, poison or the knife
3153:Les Derniers Jours de Charles Baudelaire
1992:
1254:Baudelaire, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade,
2331:"The Cambridge Companion to Baudelaire"
1721:
546:) (Brussels, 1866). Another edition of
236:; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a
2710:(Hamish Hamilton, 1989) translated by
2550:"Inhuman beauty: Baudelaire's bad sex"
1419:Selected Letters of Charles Baudelaire
579:It is because we are not bold enough!
576:Of this drab canvas we accept as life—
5921:Obscenity controversies in literature
5543:Romanticism and the French Revolution
2624:from the original on 10 October 2022.
2459:, pp. 253–263, Belknap/Harvard, 1996.
2383:Against Sainte-Beuve and Other Essays
2021:. New York: Brentano's, 1919. p. xvii
1219:Charles Baudelaire: Poetry Collection
1217:published a poetry collection called
616:Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
223:
7:
2944:– Definitive online presentation of
2857:Works by or about Charles Baudelaire
1850:Boquel, Anne; Kern, Étienne (2010).
1801:Charles Baudelaire, Richard Howard.
1632:: "Les litanies de Satan" (2016, on
1574:: "How Beautiful You Are" (1987, on
1413:Selected Writings on Art and Artists
1362:My Heart Laid Bare & Other Texts
1340:Translations from Charles Baudelaire
2916:"baudelaire in english", Onedit.net
2527:Selected writings: Vol. 4 1938–1940
2491:Selected writings: Vol. 4 1938–1940
2457:Selected Writings Vol. 1: 1913–1926
1644:: "Le serpent qui danse" (2022, on
906:Nouvelles histoires extraordinaires
2901:– selected works at Poetry Archive
2635:Petridis, Alexis (13 April 2023).
1745:Norwich, John Julius (1985–1993).
16:French poet and critic (1821–1867)
14:
5931:French psychedelic drug advocates
2952:An illustrated version (8 Mb) of
2205:. Yale University Press. p.
1503:Cinq poèmes de Charles Baudelaire
1464:list of miscellaneous information
1431:Critique d'art; Critique musicale
1364:(Contra Mundum Press: 2017; 2020)
926:Histoires grotesques et sérieuses
5891:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
5596:
5595:
2873:
2808:baudelaireetbengale.blogspot.com
2727:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2714:, with research by Jean Ziegler.
2673:
2270:"Music in the Tuileries Gardens"
2125:"Baudelaire: Une Micro-Histoire"
1687:
1673:
1527:Les Fleurs du mal (suite et fin)
1452:
1022:(1869 print of 1865 etching) by
255:His most famous work, a book of
180:
142:
121:
5866:19th-century French translators
5856:19th-century French journalists
2407:'Baudelaire', in Eliot, T. S.:
1748:Oxford illustrated encyclopedia
1401:Baudelaire as a Literary Critic
1159:In the English-speaking world,
271:Haussmann's renovation of Paris
5886:Translators of Edgar Allan Poe
3145:Portrait of Charles Baudelaire
2369:, p. 253, NRF/Gallimard, 1972.
1201:, his monumental attempt at a
1:
5566:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
2907:at Poems Found in Translation
930:Grotesque and serious stories
915:Aventures d'Arthur Gordon Pym
83:Poet, art critic, philosopher
2057:Richardson 1994, pp. 232–237
1620:: "Recueillement" (2009, on
1310:Le Peintre de la Vie Moderne
709:Budapest Museum of Fine Arts
634:Pays, Exposition universelle
5916:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
2922:Works by Charles Baudelaire
2911:Baudelaire – Eighteen Poems
2899:Poems by Charles Baudelaire
2872:(public domain audiobooks)
2866:Works by Charles Baudelaire
2847:Works by Charles Baudelaire
2838:Works by Charles Baudelaire
2762:The Baudelaire Song Project
2548:Marder, Elissa (May 2016).
2202:Baudelaire, Man of His Time
1524:(1967), and the posthumous
1521:Léo Ferré chante Baudelaire
1439:(Contra Mundum Press: 2019)
1336:(Contra Mundum Press: 2021)
1184:critics such as Wilson and
1019:Charles Baudelaire, de face
419:. His continued support of
337:Baudelaire was educated in
21:Baudelaire (disambiguation)
5964:
5876:English–French translators
5483:Coleridge's theory of life
3127:The Painter of Modern Life
2691:Baudelaire, Charles Pierre
2585:Bain News Service (2022).
1901:Richardson 1994, pp. 67–68
1393:The Painter of Modern Life
18:
5926:Philosophers of pessimism
5871:19th-century male writers
5861:19th-century French poets
5651:
5575:
5538:Romanticism and economics
3553:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2757:Charles Baudelaire's Cats
2199:Hyslop, Lois Boe (1980).
1938:Vicaire, Georges (1894).
1577:Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me
1221:in memory of Baudelaire.
1134:Cimetière du Montparnasse
972:. Weber was in some ways
910:New extraordinary stories
898:Histoires extraordinaires
775:Cimetière du Montparnasse
530:, by Baudelaire's friend
132:Charles Pierre Baudelaire
120:
57:Charles Pierre Baudelaire
37:
5794:Jean-Philippe Salabreuil
5735:d'aujourd'hui: 1946–1970
3318:German historical school
2612:"Library.vanderbilt.edu"
2569:10.1215/10407391-3522733
2189:Richardson 1994, p. 140.
2180:Richardson 1994, p. 268.
2105:Richardson 1994, p. 281.
2096:Richardson 1994, p. 311.
2087:Richardson 1994, p. 250.
2066:Richardson 1994, p. 238.
2048:Richardson 1994, p. 231.
2039:Richardson 1994, p. 241.
2030:Richardson 1994, p. 236.
1955:Richardson 1994, p. 110.
1928:Richardson 1994, p. 219.
1608:: "Élévation" (2005, on
1461:This section contains a
976:'s precursor, using the
5881:French male journalists
3965:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
3119:Les Paradis artificiels
2984:16 October 2008 at the
2979:Les Foules (The Crowds)
2930:Baudelaire par ses Amis
2696:Encyclopædia Britannica
2114:Richardson 1994, p. 400
2075:Richardson 1994, p. 248
1566:La Tristesse de la lune
1407:Arts in Paris 1845–1862
1380:The Essence of Laughter
1297:Les paradis artificiels
1132:Grave of Baudelaire in
665:Les Paradis artificiels
650:, 18 October 1857); on
526:Illustration cover for
502:Baudelaire, writing in
475:Auguste Poulet-Malassis
225:[ʃaʁl(ə)bodlɛʁ]
5911:French Roman Catholics
5720:Les Chants de Maldoror
5548:Romanticism in science
5503:Middle Ages in history
5498:List of Romantic poets
4210:Josiah Gilbert Holland
3161:The Baudelaire Fractal
2250:Hyslop (1980), p. 131.
1919:Richardson 1994, p. 75
1910:Richardson 1994, p. 71
1892:Richardson 1994, p. 70
1883:Richardson 1994, p. 35
1874:Richardson 1994, p. 16
1833:Gazette des Beaux-Arts
1386:Curiosités Esthétiques
1316:Curiosités Esthétiques
1263:
1136:
1125:
1110:
1075:
1036:Music in the Tuileries
1026:
1018:
940:) (vols. v. and vi.).
848:
804:
726:
712:
622:Petits Poèmes en prose
606:
534:
520:
504:
450:
361:
44:Charles Baudelaire by
5784:Roger-Arnould Rivière
5518:Romantic epistemology
5508:Opium and Romanticism
4077:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
3303:Counter-Enlightenment
3052:Les Litanies de Satan
2988:– English translation
2971:9 August 2008 at the
2889:Petit poemes et prose
2787:Petit poemes et prose
2379:Concerning Baudelaire
2320:Hyslop (1980), p. 63.
2311:Hyslop (1980), p. 65.
2302:Hyslop (1980), p. 51.
2293:Hyslop (1980), p. 53.
2259:Hyslop (1980), p. 55.
2232:Hyslop (1980), p. 68.
2153:The History of France
2150:Haine, Scott (2000).
2006:Revue des Deux Mondes
1704:Épater la bourgeoisie
1555:The Litanies of Satan
1536:: "Baudelaire" (1962)
1437:Belgium Stripped Bare
1253:
1240:Vanderbilt University
1226:A Singular Conspiracy
1131:
1120:
1016:
902:Extraordinary stories
842:
718:
699:
600:
525:
512:
466:Revue des deux mondes
443:The first edition of
442:
359:
314:Roman Catholic Church
285:. He coined the term
5896:Deaths from syphilis
5679:Comte de Lautréamont
5582:Age of Enlightenment
3224:England (literature)
2975:– poem by Baudelaire
2274:The National Gallery
2241:Hyslop (1980), p. 69
1600:Two Baudelaire Songs
1596:Mark-Anthony Turnage
1370:, 1922–53 (19 vols.)
1113:Influence and legacy
667:: opium et haschisch
554:wrote to him: "Your
482:Théodore de Banville
471:Review of Two Worlds
383:He took part in the
346:Lycée Louis-le-Grand
92:Lycée Louis-le-Grand
5901:Decadent literature
5533:Romantic psychology
3328:Hudson River School
3272:Sweden (literature)
3257:Russia (literature)
3045:Le Désir de peindre
2470:The Arcades Project
2381:in Proust, Marcel:
2131:on 10 February 2011
1444:Musical adaptations
656:Revue contemporaine
638:Country, World Fair
461:The Flowers of Evil
449:with author's notes
434:The Flowers of Evil
385:Revolutions of 1848
267:The Flowers of Evil
5946:Writers from Paris
5906:French art critics
5841:Charles Baudelaire
5754:Jean-Pierre Duprey
5749:Gilberte H. Dallas
5712:Les Poètes maudits
5657:Charles Baudelaire
3518:White Mountain art
3459:Historical fiction
3267:Spain (literature)
3085:Le Spleen de Paris
3069:Poetry collections
3023:Charles Baudelaire
2905:Baudelaire's poems
2895:and more in French
2881:Charles Baudelaire
2793:and more in French
2779:Charles Baudelaire
2719:Richardson, Joanna
2468:Benjamin, Walter:
2422:From Poe to Valéry
1425:Twenty Prose Poems
1329:Le Spleen de Paris
1264:
1190:Tableaux Parisiens
1137:
1126:
1055:Renaissance motifs
1027:
849:
799:Le Spleen de Paris
771:"maisons de santé"
765:, he received the
755:Apollonie Sabatier
727:
720:Apollonie Sabatier
713:
607:
535:
451:
362:
32:Charles Baudelaire
5823:
5822:
5696:Les Fleurs du mal
5609:
5608:
5523:Romantic medicine
5493:List of romantics
4932:
4931:
4583:Felix Mendelssohn
4578:Fanny Mendelssohn
4389:
4388:
4103:Rosalía de Castro
4041:Soares dos Passos
3389:Transcendentalism
3353:Nazarene movement
3313:Düsseldorf School
3171:
3170:
3077:Les Fleurs du mal
2960:inkwatercolor.com
2954:Les Fleurs du Mal
2842:Project Gutenberg
2773:www.baudelaire.cz
2519:Les Fleurs du mal
2367:Oeuvres complètes
2365:Rimbaud, Arthur:
1976:978-0-14-044624-1
1861:978-2-0812-2833-7
1839:(pt. 1): 109–134.
1819:978-0-87923-462-1
1803:Les Fleurs Du Mal
1515:Les Fleurs du mal
1488:
1487:
1358:Mon Cœur Mis à Nu
1289:Les Fleurs du mal
1208:Les Fleurs du mal
1146:Stéphane Mallarmé
1092:Joseph de Maistre
1045:Jacques Offenbach
1041:Théophile Gautier
1003:Les Fleurs du mal
989:Théophile Gautier
954:Les Fleurs du mal
687:Théophile Gautier
652:Théophile Gautier
611:Thomas De Quincey
564:Les Fleurs du mal
548:Les Fleurs du mal
456:Les Fleurs du mal
446:Les Fleurs du mal
403:Publishing career
283:Stéphane Mallarmé
262:Les Fleurs du mal
129:
128:
106:Literary movement
5953:
5779:André de Richaud
5759:André Frédérique
5636:
5629:
5622:
5613:
5599:
5598:
5558:Evolution theory
4400:
3533:
3394:Ukrainian school
3198:
3191:
3184:
3175:
3112:The Pagan School
3016:
3009:
3002:
2993:
2926:
2877:
2876:
2861:Internet Archive
2825:Harmonie du soir
2816:
2746:
2700:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2632:
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2623:
2616:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2540:
2523:Benjamin, Walter
2515:Benjamin, Walter
2511:
2505:
2504:
2487:Benjamin, Walter
2483:Benjamin, Walter
2479:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:"The Waste Land"
2431:
2425:
2418:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2394:Wilson, Edmund:
2392:
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2196:
2190:
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2178:
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2171:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2127:. Archived from
2121:
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2085:
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1697:
1695:Biography portal
1692:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1534:Serge Gainsbourg
1483:
1480:
1474:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1395:and Other Essays
1368:Œuvres Complètes
1322:L'art romantique
1256:Œuvres complètes
1198:Das Passagenwerk
1080:
1021:
944:Eugène Delacroix
934:Œuvres complètes
878:Gustave Flaubert
802:
691:Gérard de Nerval
683:Honoré de Balzac
642:Gustave Flaubert
509:
486:Gustave Flaubert
329:
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227:
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125:
72:
42:
28:
5963:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5941:Symbolist poets
5826:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5815:Edgar Allan Poe
5803:
5734:
5733:Poètes maudits
5726:
5683:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5647:
5640:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5593:
5585:
5571:
5528:Romantic poetry
5513:Romantic ballet
5488:German idealism
5471:
5437:Lacoue-Labarthe
5363:
5110:
4928:
4877:
4846:
4827:Rimsky-Korsakov
4770:
4719:
4668:
4627:
4536:
4480:
4444:
4385:
4234:
4178:
4127:
4086:
4045:
3999:
3941:
3882:Maria Edgeworth
3818:
3811:
3690:
3612:
3522:
3501:Romantic genius
3431:Gesamtkunstwerk
3408:
3369:Sturm und Drang
3276:
3207:
3202:
3172:
3167:
3132:
3091:
3064:
3025:
3020:
2986:Wayback Machine
2973:Wayback Machine
2942:FleursDuMal.org
2938:
2924:
2874:
2834:
2814:
2753:
2735:
2717:
2704:Pichois, Claude
2689:, ed. (1911). "
2685:
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2672:
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2480:
2476:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2415:
2409:Selected Essays
2406:
2402:
2393:
2389:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2329:
2328:
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2184:
2179:
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2168:
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2134:
2132:
2123:
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2118:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
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2086:
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2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
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1896:
1891:
1887:
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1878:
1873:
1869:
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1849:
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1830:
1829:
1825:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1774:
1759:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1733:Merriam-Webster
1727:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1659:I've Seen a Way
1642:Pierre Lapointe
1544:Flowers of Evil
1484:
1478:
1475:
1468:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1248:
1234:Edgar Allan Poe
1215:François Porché
1186:Walter Benjamin
1154:Alfred de Vigny
1115:
1097:maître à penser
1087:
1063:
1011:
991:
962:
946:
890:
888:Edgar Allan Poe
854:Gustave Courbet
845:Gustave Courbet
837:
803:
795:
787:
660:Poètes français
595:
586:'s translation)
437:
429:was published.
405:
393:Edgar Allan Poe
323:
307:
295:Marshall Berman
230:
229:
228:
220:
204:
198:
183:
174:
173:
145:
136:
135:
74:
70:
60:
58:
49:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5836:Poètes maudits
5828:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5799:Ilarie Voronca
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5774:Jacques Prevel
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5744:Antonin Artaud
5740:
5738:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5716:
5708:
5700:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5664:Arthur Rimbaud
5662:
5660:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5644:Poètes maudits
5641:
5639:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5616:
5607:
5606:
5586:
5578:
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5576:
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5530:
5525:
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5515:
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5495:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5476:Related topics
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5216:
5211:
5206:
5204:Gallen-Kallela
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5179:David d'Angers
5176:
5171:
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5136:
5131:
5126:
5120:
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5116:Visual artists
5112:
5111:
5109:
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5103:
5098:
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5076:Schleiermacher
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4353:
4348:
4343:
4341:Oehlenschläger
4338:
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4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Castelo Branco
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
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3987:
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3744:
3739:
3737:Brothers Grimm
3734:
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3709:
3704:
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3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3439:
3437:Gothic fiction
3434:
3427:
3425:British Marine
3422:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
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3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
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3330:
3325:
3323:Gothic revival
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
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3278:
3277:
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3274:
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3254:
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3186:
3178:
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3027:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2976:
2963:
2956:, 1861 edition
2949:
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2828:
2822:
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2799:
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2776:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2752:
2751:External links
2749:
2748:
2747:
2733:
2715:
2701:
2687:Chisholm, Hugh
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2627:
2603:
2591:www.nli.org.il
2577:
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2142:
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2107:
2098:
2089:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2010:
1997:
1995:, p. 537.
1982:
1975:
1967:Selected Poems
1957:
1945:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1860:
1842:
1823:
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1654:Mandy, Indiana
1651:
1639:
1630:Rotting Christ
1627:
1615:
1603:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1559:
1550:Diamanda Galás
1547:
1537:
1531:
1507:
1498:Claude Debussy
1495:
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1343:
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1313:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1260:Complete Works
1247:
1244:
1174:The Waste Land
1142:Arthur Rimbaud
1114:
1111:
1086:
1083:
1062:
1059:
1010:
1007:
998:Heinrich Heine
990:
987:
961:
960:Richard Wagner
958:
945:
942:
938:Complete works
889:
886:
858:Honoré Daumier
836:
833:
796:Dedication of
793:
786:
783:
743:Richard Wagner
673:) (1860); and
640:); studies on
601:Baudelaire by
594:
591:
590:
589:
588:
587:
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574:
571:
436:
431:
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321:Jacques Aupick
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279:Arthur Rimbaud
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76:
73:(aged 46)
69:31 August 1867
67:
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55:
51:
50:
46:Étienne Carjat
43:
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5764:Roger Milliot
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5723:(Lautréamont)
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5709:
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5704:Illuminations
5701:
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5680:
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5671:Paul Verlaine
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4296:Nikolai Gogol
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3927:P. B. Shelley
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3907:Mary Robinson
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3465:Mal du siècle
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2946:Fleurs du mal
2943:
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2885:Fleurs du mal
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2827:– Tina Noiret
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2804:(Flash/HTML5)
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2783:Fleurs du mal
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2682:public domain
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2433:T. S. Eliot,
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2396:Axel's Castle
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2335:cambridge.org
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2167:0-313-30328-2
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1835:(in French).
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1811:0-87923-462-8
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1681:Poetry portal
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1647:L'heure mauve
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1374:Mirror of Art
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1274:Salon de 1846
1272:
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1268:Salon de 1845
1266:
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1230:Barry Perowne
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1161:Edmund Wilson
1157:
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1150:Marcel Proust
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1024:Édouard Manet
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1009:Édouard Manet
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862:Félicien Rops
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724:Vincent Vidal
722:, painted by
721:
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710:
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705:Édouard Manet
703:, painted by
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569:
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556:fleurs du mal
553:
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545:
541:
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532:Félicien Rops
529:
524:
519:
517:
516:Fleurs du mal
511:
508:
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499:
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491:Madame Bovary
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26:
22:
5789:Armand Robin
5769:Gérald Neveu
5731:
5718:
5710:
5702:
5699:(Baudelaire)
5694:
5656:
5642:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5564:
5284:Porto-Alegre
4938:Philosophers
4822:Rachmaninoff
4271:Chavchavadze
4261:Baratashvili
4021:João de Deus
3990:Wincenty Pol
3782:Küchelbecker
3625:
3510:
3476:Noble savage
3463:
3429:
3404:Wallenrodism
3381:
3367:
3298:Coppet group
3232:(literature)
3164:(2020 novel)
3159:
3156:(1988 novel)
3151:
3143:
3117:
3102:
3083:
3075:
3022:
2953:
2945:
2936:Single works
2892:
2888:
2884:
2832:Online texts
2790:
2786:
2782:
2723:
2707:
2694:
2652:. Retrieved
2641:The Guardian
2640:
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2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2590:
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2353:virginia.edu
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2316:
2307:
2298:
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2277:. Retrieved
2264:
2255:
2246:
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2152:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:the original
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2005:
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1966:
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1939:
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1924:
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1826:
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1797:
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1780:
1775:
1747:
1740:
1729:"Baudelaire"
1724:
1702:
1657:
1645:
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1621:
1609:
1599:
1588:
1575:
1565:
1553:
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1513:
1501:
1492:Henri Duparc
1476:
1462:
1436:
1430:
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1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1379:
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1334:Paris Spleen
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1262:), volume I.
1259:
1255:
1238:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1179:
1172:
1158:
1138:
1103:
1095:
1088:
1070:Jeanne Duval
1064:
1048:
1034:
1028:
1005:to Gautier.
1002:
992:
963:
953:
947:
937:
933:
929:
925:
919:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
891:
850:
843:Portrait by
821:
805:
797:
789:
779:
751:Jeanne Duval
747:
738:
728:
701:Jeanne Duval
678:
674:
670:
663:
659:
655:
645:
637:
633:
626:
620:
614:
608:
584:Roy Campbell
563:
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489:
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389:
382:
378:Jeanne Duval
371:
367:
363:
351:
343:
336:
332:
318:
308:
290:
266:
260:
257:lyric poetry
254:
131:
130:
71:(1867-08-31)
59:9 April 1821
25:
5851:1867 deaths
5846:1821 births
5688:Major works
5274:Michałowski
5106:Wackenroder
5071:F. Schlegel
5066:A. Schlegel
4842:Tchaikovsky
4731:Bortkiewicz
4603:R. Schumann
4598:C. Schumann
4563:Kalkbrenner
4532:Saint-Saëns
3837:Anne Brontë
3722:Eichendorff
3707:B. v. Arnim
3702:A. v. Arnim
3512:Weltschmerz
3471:Medievalism
3420:Blue flower
3348:Nationalist
3293:Bohemianism
3205:Romanticism
3104:La Fanfarlo
3096:Other works
2966:"The Rebel"
2925:(in French)
2712:Graham Robb
2562:(1): 1–24.
1584:Marc Almond
1562:Gérard Pape
1348:, 1887–1907
1281:La Fanfarlo
1203:materialist
1169:T. S. Eliot
1106:aristocracy
874:Victor Hugo
870:Champfleury
866:Franz Liszt
629:Prose poems
593:Final years
552:Victor Hugo
426:La Fanfarlo
417:Romanticism
324: [
238:French poet
5936:Sonneteers
5830:Categories
5715:(Verlaine)
5149:Chassériau
5124:Aivazovsky
4832:Rubinstein
4817:Mussorgsky
4766:Wieniawski
4751:Paderewski
4593:Moszkowski
4376:Vörösmarty
4366:Shevchenko
4220:Longfellow
4144:Batyushkov
4139:Baratynsky
4108:Espronceda
3975:Mickiewicz
3970:Malczewski
3937:Wordsworth
3922:M. Shelley
3877:de Quincey
3742:Günderrode
3626:Baudelaire
3506:Wanderlust
3343:Lake Poets
3148:(painting)
3137:Depictions
3038:L'albatros
2851:Faded Page
2724:Baudelaire
2708:Baudelaire
2596:23 October
1711:References
1540:Ruth White
1228:(1974) by
1224:The novel
1085:Philosophy
912:) (1857),
904:) (1856),
767:last rites
544:The Wrecks
540:Les Épaves
528:Les Épaves
305:Early life
250:art critic
246:translator
80:Occupation
5707:(Rimbaud)
5589:Modernism
5249:Kiprensky
5209:Géricault
5194:Friedrich
5184:Delacroix
5159:Constable
5139:Bonington
5129:Bierstadt
5081:Senancour
5056:Schelling
5011:Lamennais
5006:Khomyakov
4971:Coleridge
4966:Chaadayev
4873:Stanković
4868:Mokranjac
4787:Balakirev
4746:Moniuszko
4695:Donizetti
4690:Cherubini
4588:Meyerbeer
4573:Marschner
4548:Beethoven
4461:Moscheles
4395:Musicians
4381:Wergeland
4346:Orbeliani
4301:Grundtvig
4205:Hawthorne
4174:Zhukovsky
4169:Vyazemsky
4154:Lermontov
4113:Gutiérrez
4072:Radičević
4036:Herculano
3960:Krasiński
3902:Radcliffe
3872:Coleridge
3847:E. Brontë
3842:C. Brontë
3772:Jean Paul
3767:Hölderlin
3656:Lamartine
3593:Magalhães
3583:Guimarães
3491:Pantheism
3481:Nostalgia
3333:Indianism
3281:Movements
3212:Countries
2649:0261-3077
2135:6 January
1623:Amesoeurs
1618:Amesoeurs
1611:Le Secret
1602:(2003–04)
1510:Léo Ferré
1479:July 2024
1182:left-wing
1165:Symbolist
1077:Le Figaro
983:Wagnerism
978:leitmotif
966:Beethoven
950:Delacroix
835:Critiques
829:Delacroix
809:decadence
777:, Paris.
739:Le Voyage
707:in 1862 (
647:L'Artiste
506:Le Figaro
421:Delacroix
410:Delacroix
299:Modernist
291:modernité
287:modernity
116:Signature
101:1844–1866
88:Education
5601:Category
5417:Dahlhaus
5402:Blanning
5369:Scholars
5339:Tropinin
5334:Tidemand
5324:Stattler
5319:Scheffer
5219:Głowacki
5189:Edelfelt
5144:Bryullov
5086:Snellman
5061:Schiller
5051:Rousseau
5031:Michelet
4976:Constant
4946:Belinsky
4919:Sibelius
4863:Konjović
4837:Scriabin
4807:Lyapunov
4741:Lipiński
4710:Spontini
4700:Paganini
4644:Goldmark
4435:Thalberg
4430:Schubert
4410:Bruckner
4371:Topelius
4361:Runeberg
4351:Prešeren
4321:Leopardi
4286:Frashëri
4276:Eminescu
4256:Andersen
4164:Tyutchev
4149:Karamzin
4123:Zorrilla
4118:Saavedra
4016:Castilho
4004:Portugal
3995:Słowacki
3897:Polidori
3827:Barbauld
3762:Hoffmann
3717:Brentano
3631:Bertrand
3452:Romantic
3288:Ancients
3262:Scotland
3129:" (1863)
3114:" (1852)
3059:The Swan
2982:Archived
2969:Archived
2893:Fanfarlo
2870:LibriVox
2853:(Canada)
2791:Fanfarlo
2743:30736784
2721:(1994).
2619:Archived
2544:See also
1767:11814265
1667:See also
1589:Absinthe
1572:The Cure
1518:(1957),
1471:relocate
1360:, 1897.
1332:, 1869.
1122:Cenotaph
817:Mallarmé
813:Verlaine
794:—
735:Honfleur
731:laudanum
242:essayist
110:Decadent
5808:Related
5442:Lovejoy
5377:Abraham
5299:Richard
5289:Préault
5214:Girodet
5096:Thoreau
5041:Novalis
5026:Mazzini
5021:Maistre
4996:Hazlitt
4981:Emerson
4961:Carlyle
4951:Berchet
4894:Berwald
4889:Bennett
4858:Hristić
4812:Medtner
4792:Borodin
4782:Arensky
4705:Rossini
4680:Bellini
4659:Joachim
4632:Hungary
4613:Strauss
4541:Germany
4507:Berlioz
4476:Voříšek
4471:Smetana
4449:Czechia
4403:Austria
4336:Maturin
4331:Manzoni
4306:Heliade
4281:Foscolo
4251:Alfieri
4246:Abovian
4200:Emerson
4159:Pushkin
4098:Bécquer
4031:Garrett
3985:Potocki
3932:Southey
3892:Maturin
3862:Carlyle
3819:Britain
3792:Novalis
3747:Gutzkow
3695:Germany
3661:Mérimée
3646:Gautier
3573:Barreto
3568:Azevedo
3548:Alencar
3528:Writers
3447:Byronic
3383:Purismo
3237:Germany
3219:Denmark
2859:at the
2820:YouTube
2684::
2667:Sources
2654:22 July
2525:(ed.),
2489:(ed.),
2279:13 July
1635:Rituals
1469:Please
1094:as his
1050:Olympia
994:Gautier
763:aphasia
259:titled
221:French:
5467:Wellek
5447:de Man
5432:Janion
5422:Ferber
5397:Berlin
5392:Beiser
5387:Barzun
5382:Abrams
5359:Wiertz
5344:Turner
5294:Révoil
5279:Palmer
5269:Martin
5264:Leutze
5239:Janmot
5199:Fuseli
5154:Church
5046:Quinet
5036:Müller
4991:Goethe
4986:Fichte
4909:Franck
4851:Serbia
4802:Glinka
4775:Russia
4761:Tausig
4756:Stolpe
4736:Chopin
4724:Poland
4685:Busoni
4649:Heller
4618:Wagner
4553:Brahms
4527:Onslow
4517:Halévy
4485:France
4466:Reicha
4456:Dvořák
4425:Mahler
4420:Hummel
4415:Czerny
4311:Isaacs
4291:Geijer
4225:Lowell
4215:Irving
4195:Cooper
4190:Bryant
4132:Russia
4067:Njegoš
4062:Kostić
4057:Jakšić
4050:Serbia
3980:Norwid
3955:Fredro
3947:Poland
3917:Seward
3807:Uhland
3797:Schwab
3787:Mörike
3777:Kleist
3732:Goethe
3727:Fouqué
3676:Nodier
3671:Nerval
3666:Musset
3618:France
3608:Varela
3603:Taunay
3588:Macedo
3536:Brazil
3486:Ossian
3413:Themes
3252:Poland
3247:Norway
3229:France
3122:(1860)
3107:(1847)
3088:(1869)
3080:(1857)
2741:
2731:
2678:
2647:
2533:
2521:", in
2497:
2213:
2164:
1973:
1858:
1817:
1809:
1765:
1755:
1606:Alcest
1568:(1986)
1558:(1982)
1546:(1969)
1530:(2008)
1506:(1890)
1433:, 1992
1427:, 1988
1421:, 1986
1415:, 1972
1409:, 1965
1403:, 1964
1397:, 1964
1388:, 1962
1382:, 1956
1376:, 1955
1354:, 1897
1352:Fusées
1324:, 1868
1318:, 1868
1312:, 1863
1306:, 1861
1300:, 1860
1292:, 1857
1284:, 1847
1276:, 1846
1270:, 1845
974:Wagner
924:, and
921:Eureka
882:Balzac
880:, and
847:, 1848
825:Wagner
785:Poetry
689:, and
627:Small
605:, 1855
98:Period
48:, 1863
5553:Bacon
5462:Rosen
5457:Ricks
5452:Nancy
5412:Blume
5407:Bloom
5329:Stroy
5314:Saleh
5309:Runge
5259:Lampi
5244:Jones
5234:Hayez
5169:Corot
5134:Blake
5101:Tieck
5091:Staël
5016:Larra
5001:Hegel
4956:Burke
4914:Grieg
4904:Field
4899:Elgar
4882:Other
4715:Verdi
4673:Italy
4664:Liszt
4654:Hubay
4639:Erkel
4623:Weber
4608:Spohr
4568:Loewe
4558:Bruch
4522:Méhul
4512:Fauré
4502:Auber
4497:Alkan
4356:Raffi
4326:Mácha
4316:Lenau
4266:Botev
4239:Other
4091:Spain
4026:Dinis
3912:Scott
3887:Keats
3867:Clare
3857:Byron
3852:Burns
3832:Blake
3817:Great
3802:Tieck
3757:Heine
3752:Hauff
3686:Vigny
3681:Staël
3641:Dumas
3563:Assis
3558:Alves
3543:Abreu
3496:Rhine
3399:Ultra
3242:Japan
3030:Poems
2622:(PDF)
2615:(PDF)
1716:Notes
1246:Works
1066:Nadar
1061:Nadar
1030:Manet
970:Weber
759:opium
603:Nadar
374:dandy
328:]
5427:Frye
5354:Ward
5349:Veit
5304:Rude
5254:Koch
5229:Gude
5224:Goya
5174:Dahl
5164:Cole
4492:Adam
4440:Wolf
4183:U.S.
4082:Zmaj
3712:Beer
3651:Hugo
3598:Reis
3578:Dias
3442:Hero
3377:Post
3338:Jena
3308:Dark
2739:OCLC
2729:ISBN
2656:2024
2645:ISSN
2598:2022
2531:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2281:2008
2211:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2137:2011
1971:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1763:OCLC
1753:ISBN
968:and
815:and
644:(in
339:Lyon
281:and
248:and
66:Died
54:Born
4924:Sor
4797:Cui
4230:Poe
3363:Pre
3358:Neo
2868:at
2849:at
2840:at
2818:on
2693:".
2564:doi
2158:112
1837:121
894:Poe
613:'s
212:ɛər
165:ɛər
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5579:←
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