929:, p. 60–61:Data on the family origin of Mihailo Višević indicate that his family did not belong to a Serbian or Croatian tribe, but to another Slavic tribe who lived along the Vistula River and who joined the Serbs during the migration during the reign of Emperor Heraclius. The introduction of Mihajlo Višević and his family by Porphyrogenitus suggests that the rulers of Zahumlje until his time belonged to this ruling family, so that, both in Serbia and Croatia, and in Zahumlje, there would be a very early established principle of inheriting power by members of one family. Constantine Porphyrogenitus explicitly calls the inhabitants of Zahumlje Serbs who have settled there since the time of Emperor Heraclius, but we cannot be certain that the Travunians, Zachlumians and Narentines in the migration period to the Balkans really were Serbs or Croats or Slavic tribes which in alliance with Serbs or Croats arrived in the Balkans. The emperor-writer says that all these principalities are inhabited by Serbs, but this is a view from his time, when the process of ethnogenesis had already reached such a stage that the Serbian name became widespread and generally accepted throughout the land due to Serbia's political domination. Therefore, it could be concluded that in the middle of the 10th century the process of ethnogenesis in Zahumlje, Travunija and Paganija was probably completed, because the emperor's informant collected data from his surroundings and transferred to Constantinople the tribal sense of belonging of the inhabitants of these archons ... The Byzantine writings on the De Ceremoniis, which were also written under the patronage of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, listed the imperial orders to the surrounding peoples. The writings cite orders from the archons of Croats, Serbs, Zahumljani, Kanalites, Travunians, Duklja and Moravia. The above-mentioned orders may have originated at the earliest during the reign of Emperor Theophilus (829 - 842) and represent the earliest evidence of the political fragmentation of the South Slavic principalities, that is, they confirm their very early formation. It is not known when Zahumlje was formed as a separate principality. All the news that Constantine Porphyrogenitus provides about this area agrees that it has always been so - that is, since the seventh-century settlement in the time of Emperor Heraclius. It is most probable that the prefects in the coastal principalities recognized the supreme authority of the Serbian ruler from the very beginning, but that they aspired to become independent, which took place according to the list of orders preserved in the book De Ceremoniis, no later than the first half of the 9th century. A falsified and highly controversial papal charter from 743 also mentions Zahumlje and Travunija as separate areas. If the basic information about these countries were correct, it would mean that they formed as very early principalities that were practically independent of the archon of Serbia.
965:, pp. 51, 177:Sporovi hrvatske i srpske historiografije oko etničkoga karaktera sklavinija između Cetine i Drača bespredmetni su, jer transponiraju suvremene kategorije etniciteta u rani srednji vijek u kojem se identitet shvaćao drukčije. Osim toga, opstojnost većine sklavinija, a pogotovo Duklje (Zete) govori i u prilog ustrajanju na vlastitom identitetu kojim su se njihove elite razlikovale od onih susjednih ... Međutim, nakon nekog vremena (možda poslije unutarnjih sukoba u Hrvatskoj) promijenio je svoj položaj i prihvatio vrhovništvo srpskog vladara jer Konstantin tvrdi da su Zahumljani (kao i Neretvani i Travunjani) bili Srbi od vremena onog arhonta koji je Srbe, za vrijeme Heraklija, doveo u njihovu novu domovinu. Ta tvrdnja, naravno, nema veze sa stvarnošću 7. st., ali govori o političkim odnosima u Konstantinovo vrijeme.
953:, pp. 71–72:Izneseni nalazi navode na zaključak da se Hrvati nisu uopće naselili u južnoj Panoniji tijekom izvorne seobe sa sjevera na jug, iako je moguće da su pojedine manje skupine zaostale na tom području utopivši se naposljetku u premoćnoj množini ostalih doseljenih slavenskih populacija. Širenje starohrvatskih populacija s juga na sjever pripada vremenu od 10. stoljeća nadalje i povezano je s izmijenjenim političkim prilikama, jačanjem i širenjem rane hrvatske države. Na temelju svega ovoga mnogo je vjerojatnije da etnonim "Hrvati" i doseoba skrivaju činjenicu o prijenosu političke vlasti, što znači da je car političko vrhovništvo poistovjetio s etničkom nazočnošću. Točno takav pristup je primijenio pretvarajući Zahumljane, Travunjane i Neretljane u Srbe (DAI, c. 33, 8-9, 34, 4-7, 36, 5-7).
1046:, p. 139 "Even if we reject Gruber's theory, supported by Manojlović (ibid., XLIX), that Zachlumje actually became a part of Croatia, it should be emphasized that the Zachlumians had a closer bond of interest with the Croats than with the Serbs, since they seem to have migrated to their new home not, as C. says (33/8-9), with the Serbs, but with the Croats; see below, on 33/18-19 ... If this is so, we must regard the dynasty of Zachlumje and at any rate part of its people as neither Croat nor Serb, It seems more probable that Michael’s ancestor, together with his tribe, joined the Croats when they moved south; and settled on the Adriatic coast and the Narenta, leaving the Croats to push on into Dalmatia proper."
1022:, p. 11:Plemena u Zahumlju, Paganiji, Travuniji i Konavlima Porfirogenit naziva Srbima,28 razdvajajuči pritom njihovo političko od etničkog bića.29 Ovakvo tumačenje verovatno nije najsrećnije jer za Mihaila Viševića, kneza Zahumljana, kaže da je poreklom sa Visle od roda Licika,30 a ta je reka isuviše daleko od oblasti Belih Srba i gde bi pre trebalo očekivati Bele Hrvate. To je prva indicija koja ukazuje da je srpsko pleme možda bilo na čelu većeg saveza slovenskih plemena koja su sa njim i pod vrhovnim vodstvom srpskog arhonta došla na Balkansko poluostrvo.
980:, p. 139 "It is true that our text says that the Zachlumi ‘have been Serbs since the time of that prince who claimed the protection of the emperor Heraclius’ (33/9-10); but it does not say that Michael’s family were Serbs, only that they ‘came from the unbaptized who dwell on the river Visla, and are called (reading Litziki) “Poles’”. Michael’s own hostility to Serbia (cf. 32/86-90) suggests that his family was in fact not Serb; and that the Serbs had direct control only over Trebinje (see on 32/30)."
917:, p. 210: According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, the Slavs of the Dalmatian zhupanias of Pagania, Zahumlje, Travounia, and Konavli all "descended from the unbaptized Serbs."51 This has been rightly interpreted as an indication that in the mid-tenth century the coastal zhupanias were under the control of the Serbian zhupan Časlav, who ruled over the regions in the interior and extended his power westwards across the mountains to the coast.
450:, who had been subject to Bulgaria since 897. Peter had been busy extending his power westwards, and appears to have come into territorial conflict with Michael in the process of doing so. Constantine writes that Michael, "his jealousy aroused by this", warned Symeon of the conspiracy. Symeon attacked Serbia and captured Peter, who died in prison. Most scholars prefer to date the war on Serbia to 917, after 20 August, when Simeon had
244:, notes that Michael was a son of Busebutze (Greek: Bouseboutzis > Visevitz), but does not mention that his family descended from the "unbaptized Serbs" or was of Serbian origin like other Zachlumians, although a closer reading of the source suggests that Constantine's consideration on the ethnic identity of the principality's population is based on Serbian political rule or influence and does not indicate ethnic origin.
523:) of the Croats", in which he refers to the first council in some detail. If the letter is authentic, it shows that the council was attended not only by the bishops of Croatian and Byzantine Dalmatia, but also by Tomislav, whose territory also included the Byzantine cities of Dalmatia, and by a number of Michael's representatives. In this letter, John describes Michael as "a most excellent" man (
1010:, p. 237:...the enigmatic Litziki were associated with the archaic names of Poles(Lendizi, Liakhy),7 or with the Slavic tribe of Lingones mentioned by chronicler Adam of Bremen.8 Be that as it may, it is certain that, although his subjects were perceived as Serbs, the family of Prince Michael of Zahumlje did not descend from Serbs or Croats, and was not related to their dynasties.
610:) to describe his political rank and status. These titles have been interpreted as reflecting a more subordinate position after Simeon's death in 927, when Michael lost the Bulgarian support needed for any higher recognition. Michael does not appear in the sources for events after 925, but historian Fine thinks that his reign lasted into the 940s.
211:
941:, pp. 58–61:Pri tome je car dosljedno izostavljao Dukljane iz ove srpske zajednice naroda. Čini se, međutim, očitim da car ne želi govoriti ο stvarnoj etničkoj povezanosti, već da su mu pred očima politički odnosi u trenutku kada je pisao djelo, odnosno iz vremena kada su za nj prikupljani podaci u Dalmaciji.
1094:
Kao potporna analogija može poslužiti i podrijetlo
Mihaela Viševića, vladara Zahumljana s područja Visle.21 Teško da je netko drugi (osim njega samoga i njegova roda) iznosio takvu obavijest. Ista hrvatska tradicija, ponešto izmijenjena, zadržala se u Dalmaciji sve do 13. stoljeća kada ju spominje
552:
On 10 July 926, 'Michael, rex
Sclavorum' took possession of the port of Siponto, controlled by Byzantium. Therefore, it seems certain that in July 926 Michael did not act as an imperial ally in Apulia, nor that his fleet descended upon the shores of the Apennine peninsula as a rescue force against
544:
and so it may be that
Michael was on good terms with the rulers of both lands at the same time. It is uncertain whether the inscription and depiction of a Slavic ruler in the Church of St. Michael in Ston is a reference to Michael of Zahumlje, the 12th century
275:
the
Zachlumians "had a closer bond of interest with the Croats than with the Serbs, since they seem to have migrated to their new home not with the Serbs, but with the Croats". Michael's tribal origin is related to the oral tradition from
540:, however, disagrees this line of reasoning, saying that the events represented an important ecclesiastical affair for all Dalmatia and stood under papal authority. Moreover, Michael appears to have retained a neutral position when
458:. In 924, Simeon conquered Serbia and, instead of appointing a vassal to govern on his behalf, placed it under his direct authority. In effect, Simeon became a neighbour of Michael and of Croatia, which was then under
905:, pp. 139, 142 "He probably saw that in his time all these tribes were in the Serb sphere of influence, and therefore called them Serbs, thus ante-dating by three centuries the state of affairs in his own day..."
535:
Tomislav. Some historians have taken
Michael's participation at the church council as well as the difference between their titles as possible evidence that Michael had switched subordinate allegiance to Croatia.
271:, and it's unclear whether the Zachlumians "in the migration period to the Balkans really were Serbs or Croats or Slavic tribes which in alliance with Serbs or Croats arrived in the Balkans", while according to
1135:, p. 131–132. 'qui dum Chroatorum fines rediens transire vellet, a Michahele Sclavorum duce fraude deceptus, omnibusque bonis privatus, atque Vulgarico regi, Simeoni nomine, exilii pena transmissus est'.
569:
on 10 July 926. It remains unknown if he did this by
Tomislav's supreme command as suggested by some historians. According to Omrčanin, Tomislav sent the Croatian navy under Michael's leadership to drive the
759:, p. 152–155. According to DAI, Michael himself was not of Serbian origin, but DAI described Zahumlje as being one of the Serbians countries in the 10th century.
247:
According to the emperor, or even
Michael himself according to the way the subchapter was structured, his family was not of Serbian origin since they belonged to the
1495:
1429:
405:), when he wanted to pass through the lands of the Croats. Before Pietro entered Croatia, on his way home, when he entered Zahumlje, or when he entered province of
1449:
1171:
1569:
When
Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods
553:
Arabs, Lombards or any other enemy. The only enemy that threatened
Siponto in 926 was Michael, 'rex Sclavorum' as Bulgarian ally. Michael apparently sacked
1869:
340:(d. 1009) says that in 912, a Venetian traveller who had just passed through Bulgaria and Croatia on his way home, next found himself in Zahumlje.
134:
1557:
1485:
1467:
1418:
1262:
1181:
378:
360:
337:
1252:
1461:
1874:
1884:
1848:
1804:
1749:
1730:
1696:
1675:
1656:
1600:
1576:
1534:
1238:
1612:"Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom: Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78"
1351:
462:
and had good relations with
Byzantium. It seems probable that Michael remained loyal to Simeon until the latter's death in 927.
614:, who became ruler of Serbia after Symeon's death, may have seized some of Michael's territory while securing his conquest of
470:
The sources show Michael involved in important church affairs which were conducted on Croatian territory in the mid-920s. Two
627:
1879:
1501:
1435:
219:
138:
1475:
Dvornik, F.; Jenkins, R. J. H.; Lewis, B.; Moravcsik, Gy.; Obolensky, D.; Runciman, S. (1962). P. J. H. Jenkins (ed.).
541:
241:
182:, which some historians have taken as evidence of Zahumlje being a vassal of Croatia. Regardless, Michael, with grand
336:
Bulgaria did not yet border on Zahumlje and a part of Croatia lay between both lands. For instance, the chronicler
432:
Simeon's march for power posed such a great threat to the Byzantine Empire that it looked for allies in the area.
133:, who flourished in the early part of the 10th century. Prince Michael of Zahumlje had a common boundary with the
1586:
110:
611:
1095:
Toma Arhiđakon: "Iz krajeva Poljske došlo je s Totilom sedam ili osam uglednih plemena, koji se zovu Lingoni."2
580:
490:(rather than just the Byzantine cities). Another major issue of concern was the language of liturgy: since the
236:
1390:
491:
223:
142:
349:"Qui (Petrus) dum Chroatorum fines rediens transire vellet, a Michahele Sclavorum duce fraude deceptus...
1836:
623:
283:
1841:
History of the Bishops of Salona and Split – Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum
1814:
1786:
1770:
1506:
A later edition is that by G. Monticolo (1890), Rome: Forzani. The relevant passage is also found in
443:
422:
418:
386:
260:
160:
145:. He was nevertheless able to maintain independent rule throughout at least a majority of his reign.
546:
516:
507:
499:
495:
447:
278:
171:
729:
1443:
451:
390:
382:
374:
326:
1515:
1251:
Curta, Florin; Curta, Professor of Medieval History Florin; Stephenson, Paul (31 August 2006).
1844:
1800:
1745:
1726:
1692:
1671:
1652:
1596:
1572:
1553:
1530:
1414:
1258:
1234:
1177:
471:
179:
1742:
The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs
1404:
426:
259:. His "own hostility to Serbia suggests that his family was in fact not Serb". According to
164:
301:
The area controlled by Michael comprised Zahumlje, later known as Hum (what is now western
1457:
537:
272:
198:), remained ruler of Zahumlje through the 940s, while maintaining good relations with the
183:
149:
1707:
1592:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
1546:
558:
483:
475:
433:
394:
321:). His territory therefore formed a block along the southern Dalmatian coast, from the
263:, the area of the Vistula where the ancestors of Michael originate was the place where
157:
102:
1711:
1509:
1863:
1774:
1686:
1646:
459:
256:
264:
86:
1084:[The Dark Sea in De administrando imperio: The Baltic or the Black Sea?].
584:
makes no mention of Michael's raid, nor does he mention Church councils in Split.
1790:
1590:
1524:
1476:
1400:
1386:
527:). The sources have nothing to say about the nature of the relationship between
512:
482:), in 925 and 928, which officially established or confirmed the recognition of
302:
268:
175:
126:
118:
1723:
The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium
511:, whose composition may have begun in the late 13th century, cites a letter of
17:
600:
318:
188:
1629:
The Croatian nation in its struggle for freedom and independence: a symposium
716:
The Croatian nation in its struggle for freedom and independence: a symposium
598:) of the Zachlumi, but also uses such grand titles of the Byzantine court as
1648:
Islam in the Balkans: religion and society between Europe and the Arab world
606:
438:
330:
215:
194:
152:, who expand his power to the province of Narenta or Pagania, west from the
122:
1342:, p. 160–163. "The family of the proconsul and patrician Michael, ....
615:
487:
310:
306:
248:
1552:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
571:
554:
455:
410:
406:
322:
295:
252:
210:
167:. Symeon attacked Serbia and captured Peter, who later died in prison.
153:
130:
65:
53:
1777:[On the northern borders of Serbia in the early middle ages].
1611:
821:
819:
626:
claimed that the Croatian kingdom included Zachlumia before and after
1843:(in Latin and English). Budapest: Central European University Press.
594:
566:
425:, who had been mounting a number of successful campaigns against the
314:
291:
1799:] (in Serbian). Београд: Завод за уџбенике и наставна средства.
1760:
1818:
575:
398:
209:
178:'s letter of 925. In that same year, he participated in the first
1082:"Tamno more u spisu De administrando imperio: Baltičko ili Crno?"
498:
in the previous century, the Slavic church was accustomed to use
728:
Dominik Mandić; Basilius S. Pandžić (1963). Dionis Lasić (ed.).
199:
1081:
622:
Zachlumia is clearly stated as a separate polity. 13th century
373:
The earliest occurrence of Michael in the sources is from 912.
1514:. Zagreb: Sumptibus Academiae Scientiarum et Artium. pp.
886:
884:
882:
1511:
Documenta historiae chroaticae periodum antiquam illustrantia
738:] (in Croatian). Hrvatski Povijesni Institut. p. 385
309:(now eastern Herzegovina and southern Croatia with center at
156:
River. To eliminate the threat, Michael warned his ally, the
988:
986:
454:
much of the invading Byzantine army at its landing place at
389:(912–932), was treacherously captured on his return from a
163:, about the alliance between Peter and Symeon's enemy, the
1762:
Prince Michael of Zahumlje – a Serbian ally of tsar Symeon
1640:. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
1431:
La Cronaca Veneziana, in Cronache Veneziane antichissime I
1225:
Goldstein, Ivo, Hrvatski rani srednji vijek, Zagreb, 1995.
655:
Odlomci iz državnoga práva hrvatskoga za narodne dynastie:
342:
1713:
Odlomci iz državnoga práva hrvatskoga za narodne dynastie
1526:
Early Medieval Hum and Bosnia, ca. 450-1200: Beyond Myths
1003:
1001:
1365:
1363:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
665:
663:
1638:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio
578:
and free the city. Interestingly, Constantine in his
736:
Discussions and articles on ancient Croatian history
214:
Map of the territorial extent of Michael's Chelmia (
1820:
De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source
82:
74:
64:
48:
32:
1775:"О северним границама Србије у раном средњем веку"
1545:
1691:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
1548:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
1339:
1254:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250
1132:
861:
825:
779:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
756:
681:
97:(reign usually dated c. 910–935), also known as
1478:De Administrando Imperio: Volume II. Commentary
1463:The Slavs: their early history and civilization
973:
971:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
1765:. София: St Kliment Ohridski University Press.
1500:. Hanover. pp. 1–36: 22–3. Archived from
1208:
1206:
1080:Lončar, Milenko; Jurić, Teuta Serreqi (2018).
1055:
1043:
977:
902:
731:Rasprave i prilozi iz stare Hrvatske povijesti
381:recorded that at that time Pietro, son of the
286:about seven or eight tribes of nobles called
251:(Λιτζίκη), an unbaptized people on the river
8:
1328:The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his reign:
1214:When ethnicity did not matter in the Balkans
1158:The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his reign:
1121:When ethnicity did not matter in the Balkans
148:Michael came into territorial conflict with
1797:Portraits of Serbian Rulers: IX-XII Century
1595:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
1571:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
1497:Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores 7
592:Constantine remembers Michael as a prince (
502:rather than Latin for its church services.
1703:Translated from the German by Joan Hussey.
1481:. University of London: The Athlone Press.
1448:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
805:
803:
801:
799:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
29:
1744:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1725:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
649:
647:
421:. Since 912, Michael was a close ally of
333:), latter serving as a tributary region.
117:, was a semi-independent, or independent
1636:Moravcsik, Gy; Jenkins, R. J.H (1967) .
1173:Bulgaria and Europe: Shifting Identities
1067:
1031:
1019:
950:
926:
890:
873:
618:, but there's no evidence for it and in
1395:. Zagreb: Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada.
643:
630:(969–997), but that's also disputable.
542:Croatia and Bulgaria were at war in 926
417:had him captured and sent as a gift to
1651:. University of South Carolina Press.
1441:
1301:
1144:
1007:
992:
790:
702:
669:
1823:. Belgrade: The Institute of History.
1468:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1369:
1289:
1277:
962:
938:
914:
7:
1792:Портрети српских владара: IX-XII век
1411:Croatian history from 550 until 1100
170:Michael was mentioned together with
43:Prince of Zahumlje ("dux Chulmorum")
27:Prince of Zahumlje ("dux Chulmorum")
1627:Mihanovich, Clement Simon (1955).
369:Alliance with Simeon I of Bulgaria
305:and southern Croatia), as well as
25:
1779:Zbornik Matice srpske za istoriju
1631:. "Croatia" Cultural Pub. Center.
1406:Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100
565:), which was a Byzantine town in
486:as the archiepiscopal see of all
446:, found one such ally in Serbia,
240:, ascribed to Byzantine Emperor
113:: Михаило Вишевић) or rarely as
1870:10th-century monarchs in Europe
1688:History of the Byzantine State
1567:Fine (Jr), John V. A. (2006).
1354:History of the Byzantine state
1257:. Cambridge University Press.
525:excellentissimus dux Chulmorum
1:
1413:]. Leykam international.
397:by Michael, "a prince of the
218:) at its zenith, between the
184:titles of the Byzantine court
1685:Ostrogorski, George (1969).
1340:Moravcsik & Jenkins 1967
1315:Military history of Croatia:
862:Moravcsik & Jenkins 1967
826:Moravcsik & Jenkins 1967
757:Moravcsik & Jenkins 1967
682:Moravcsik & Jenkins 1967
1837:Archdeacon, Thomas of Split
1759:Uzelac, Aleksandar (2018).
1668:Military history of Croatia
1170:Katsikas, Stefanos (2011).
574:from that part of southern
242:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
234:. 950, the historical work
1901:
1721:Runciman, Steven (1988) .
1198:The early medieval Balkans
850:The early medieval Balkans
811:The early medieval Balkans
267:would be expected and not
1875:Medieval Bosnian nobility
1716:(in Croatian). F. Klemma.
1610:Gračanin, Hrvoje (2008).
1428:Diacono Giovanni (1890).
125:, in present-day central
41:
1885:10th-century South Slavs
1529:. Taylor & Francis.
581:De administrando imperio
549:or St. Michael himself.
466:Church councils of Split
237:De administrando imperio
1523:Dzino, Danijel (2023).
492:conversion of the Slavs
1740:Vlasto, A. P. (1970).
1666:Omrčanin, Ivo (1984).
1645:Norris, H. T. (1993).
1544:Curta, Florin (2006).
1434:. Roma. Archived from
1392:Prva stoljeća Hrvatske
1110:, ed. Pertz, pp. 22–3.
562:
479:
227:
137:and probably with the
1133:Diacono Giovanni 1890
624:Thomas the Archdeacon
284:Thomas the Archdeacon
213:
141:, but was an ally of
1880:Medieval Herzegovina
1781:(in Serbian). 63/64.
1587:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
1494:G. H. Pertz (1846).
1280:, pp. 177, 240.
423:Simeon I of Bulgaria
419:Simeon I of Bulgaria
387:Ursus Particiacus II
359:-Chronicon Venetum,
1147:, p. 237, 239.
1056:Dvornik et al. 1962
1044:Dvornik et al. 1962
995:, pp. 381–382.
978:Dvornik et al. 1962
903:Dvornik et al. 1962
547:Mihailo I of Duklja
508:Historia Salonitana
496:Cyril and Methodius
279:Historia Salonitana
172:Tomislav of Croatia
95:Michael of Zahumlje
33:Michael of Zahumlje
1616:Povijest U Nastavi
1508:Rački, F. (1877).
1304:, p. 242-244.
1292:, p. 168–169.
893:, p. 184-185.
876:, p. 184–185.
864:, p. 160–163.
828:, p. 156–159.
684:, p. 160–161.
391:diplomatic mission
313:) and majority of
228:
220:Kingdom of Croatia
139:Kingdom of Croatia
115:Michael Vuševukčić
1559:978-0-521-89452-4
1490:Chronicon Venetum
1420:978-953-340-061-7
1264:978-0-521-81539-0
1183:978-0-85728-419-8
1123:, p. 63 note 103.
1108:Chronicon Venetum
1106:John the Deacon,
1086:Povijesni prilozi
472:councils of Split
366:
365:
290:who arrived from
92:
91:
37:
16:(Redirected from
1892:
1854:
1824:
1810:
1782:
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1717:
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1681:
1662:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1606:
1582:
1563:
1551:
1540:
1519:
1505:
1504:on 19 July 2011.
1482:
1471:
1458:Dvornik, Francis
1453:
1447:
1439:
1438:on 19 July 2011.
1424:
1396:
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1194:
1188:
1187:
1176:. Anthem Press.
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725:
719:
712:
706:
700:
685:
679:
673:
667:
658:
651:
628:Stephen Držislav
448:Peter Gojniković
427:Byzantine Empire
343:
224:Bulgarian Empire
180:council of Split
165:Byzantine Empire
111:Serbian Cyrillic
35:
30:
21:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1835:
1832:
1830:Further reading
1827:
1815:Živković, Tibor
1813:
1807:
1787:Živković, Tibor
1785:
1771:Živković, Tibor
1769:
1758:
1752:
1739:
1733:
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1706:
1699:
1684:
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1618:(in Croatian).
1609:
1603:
1585:
1579:
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1522:
1507:
1493:
1486:John the Deacon
1474:
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1088:(in Croatian).
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727:
726:
722:
713:
709:
701:
688:
680:
676:
668:
661:
652:
645:
641:
636:
604:and patrician (
590:
538:John V. A. Fine
468:
379:John the Deacon
371:
361:John the Deacon
350:
338:John the Deacon
294:and settled in
273:Francis Dvornik
208:
192:and patrician (
150:Petar of Serbia
107:Mihailo Višević
99:Michael Višević
36:Mihajlo Višević
34:
28:
23:
22:
18:Mihajlo Višević
15:
12:
11:
5:
1898:
1896:
1888:
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1425:
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1397:
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1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1372:, p. 169.
1359:
1344:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1263:
1243:
1241:, p. 278.-279.
1227:
1218:
1202:
1189:
1182:
1162:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1112:
1099:
1072:
1060:
1058:, p. 139.
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
997:
982:
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
907:
895:
878:
866:
854:
830:
815:
795:
793:, p. 238.
783:
761:
749:
720:
707:
705:, p. 209.
686:
674:
672:, p. 236.
659:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
589:
586:
467:
464:
434:Leo Rhabduchus
395:Constantinople
370:
367:
364:
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355:
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261:Tibor Živković
207:
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158:Bulgarian Tsar
103:Serbo-Croatian
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1732:0-521-35722-5
1728:
1724:
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1715:
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1708:Rački, Franjo
1705:
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1698:9780813505992
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1578:9780472114146
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1536:9781000893434
1532:
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1518:(no. 197.1 ).
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1103:
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1096:
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1083:
1076:
1073:
1070:, p. 75.
1069:
1068:Živković 2006
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1034:, p. 60.
1033:
1032:Živković 2006
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:Živković 2001
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
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972:
968:
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959:
956:
952:
951:Gračanin 2008
947:
944:
940:
935:
932:
928:
927:Živković 2006
923:
920:
916:
911:
908:
904:
899:
896:
892:
891:Živković 2012
887:
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879:
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874:Živković 2012
870:
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460:King Tomislav
457:
453:
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445:
441:
440:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
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415:dux Sclavorum
412:
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403:dux Sclavorum
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254:
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129:and southern
128:
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81:
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69:
67:
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31:
19:
1857:
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1819:
1796:
1791:
1778:
1761:
1741:
1722:
1712:
1687:
1670:. Dorrance.
1667:
1647:
1637:
1628:
1622:(11): 67–76.
1619:
1615:
1591:
1568:
1547:
1525:
1510:
1502:the original
1496:
1489:
1477:
1462:
1436:the original
1430:
1410:
1405:
1401:Budak, Neven
1391:
1387:Budak, Neven
1379:Bibliography
1353:
1347:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1253:
1246:
1230:
1221:
1213:
1197:
1192:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
869:
857:
849:
810:
786:
778:
752:
740:. Retrieved
735:
730:
723:
715:
714:Mihanovich,
710:
677:
654:
619:
605:
599:
593:
591:
579:
551:
532:
531:Michael and
528:
524:
520:
506:
504:
469:
437:
431:
414:
402:
372:
348:
335:
300:
287:
277:
265:White Croats
246:
235:
231:
230:Compiled in
229:
193:
187:
169:
147:
114:
106:
98:
94:
93:
57:
52:
42:
1302:Uzelac 2018
1145:Uzelac 2018
1008:Uzelac 2018
993:Vlasto 1970
791:Uzelac 2018
703:Vlasto 1970
670:Uzelac 2018
588:Later years
513:Pope John X
444:Dyrrhachium
377:chronicler
303:Herzegovina
269:White Serbs
176:Pope John X
127:Herzegovina
1864:Categories
1370:Dzino 2023
1326:Runciman,
1313:Omrčanin,
1290:Dzino 2023
1278:Budak 2018
1156:Runciman,
1092:(54): 14.
963:Budak 2018
939:Budak 1994
915:Curta 2006
742:13 October
634:References
601:anthypatos
413:, Michael
319:Montenegro
206:Background
189:anthypatos
1589:(1991) .
1444:cite book
1357:, p. 268.
852:, p. 160.
813:, p. 149.
781:, p. 210.
639:Footnotes
607:patrikios
519:, "king (
456:Anchialos
452:massacred
439:strategos
331:Dubrovnik
325:river to
195:patrikios
121:ruler of
87:Christian
78:Busebutze
60:910 – 935
1839:(2006).
1817:(2012).
1789:(2006).
1773:(2001).
1710:(1861).
1460:(1959).
1403:(2018).
1389:(1994).
1330:, p. 210
1216:, p. 55.
1200:, p. 260
1160:, p. 223
718:, p. 112
616:Travunia
572:Saracens
563:Sipontum
517:Tomislav
500:Slavonic
488:Dalmatia
480:Spalatum
383:Venetian
375:Venetian
317:(modern
311:Trebinje
307:Travunia
288:Lingones
222:and the
216:Zahumlje
161:Simeon I
143:Bulgaria
123:Zahumlje
83:Religion
1317:, p. 24
777:Curta,
657:, p. 15
653:Rački,
555:Siponto
411:Pagania
407:Narenta
323:Neretva
296:Croatia
253:Vistula
249:Litziki
154:Neretva
131:Croatia
70:Višević
54:floruit
1847:
1803:
1748:
1729:
1695:
1674:
1655:
1599:
1575:
1556:
1533:
1492:, ed.
1417:
1261:
1237:
1212:Fine,
1196:Fine,
1180:
1119:Fine,
848:Fine,
809:Fine,
612:Časlav
595:archon
567:Apulia
436:, the
327:Ragusa
315:Duklja
292:Poland
135:Serbia
119:Slavic
75:Father
66:Family
1795:[
1409:[
734:[
576:Italy
559:Latin
484:Split
476:Latin
399:Slavs
385:doge
49:Reign
1845:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1573:ISBN
1554:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1450:link
1415:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1178:ISBN
744:2012
505:The
200:Pope
1516:388
620:DAI
533:rex
529:dux
521:rex
515:to
494:by
442:of
409:or
401:" (
393:to
282:by
255:in
186:as
174:in
1866::
1620:VI
1614:.
1488:,
1466:.
1446:}}
1442:{{
1362:^
1205:^
1090:37
1000:^
985:^
970:^
881:^
833:^
818:^
798:^
764:^
689:^
662:^
646:^
561::
478::
429:.
298:.
202:.
109:,
105::
58:c.
1853:.
1809:.
1754:.
1735:.
1701:.
1680:.
1661:.
1605:.
1581:.
1562:.
1539:.
1470:.
1452:)
1423:.
1267:.
1186:.
746:.
557:(
474:(
351:"
329:(
232:c
226:.
101:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
