162:
when dating the career of an artist. In this context, it denotes the period of the individual's known artistic activity, which would generally be after they had received their training and, for example, had begun signing work or being mentioned in contracts.
154:
by John Jones in 1204 and 1229, as well as a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)", even though Jones was born before 1197 and died possibly after 1229.
267:
147:
and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are
951:
627:
89:") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a
398:
745:
946:
542:
358:
321:
143:
Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in
1243:
582:
992:
740:
735:
230:
925:
795:
1135:
1115:
1125:
1097:
709:
20:
1192:
391:
1080:
1130:
867:
714:
241:
1030:
831:
577:
476:
632:
1065:
1006:
982:
977:
1092:
987:
930:
905:
895:
670:
567:
557:
384:
24:
1217:
1197:
1075:
1060:
1045:
967:
766:
730:
532:
301:
151:
313:
1025:
821:
816:
660:
496:
354:
348:
317:
1222:
1171:
1087:
1035:
811:
789:
655:
552:
38:
1070:
1155:
1120:
1107:
1017:
875:
770:
704:
665:
502:
262:
1248:
1055:
853:
841:
785:
780:
774:
699:
622:
547:
306:
101:
1237:
972:
890:
885:
836:
826:
587:
466:
1050:
848:
562:
537:
522:
488:
448:
750:
647:
609:
592:
527:
508:
441:
421:
207:
159:
517:
512:
407:
148:
1207:
1187:
920:
880:
617:
426:
144:
308:
World
Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: a Resource for Readers and Writers
245:
1202:
1040:
684:
597:
108:
is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb
436:
431:
196:
235:
637:
181:
82:
571:
453:
90:
380:
166:
In some cases, it can be replaced by the words "active between
56:
471:
376:
50:
19:"Flourished" and "fl." redirect here. For other uses, see
62:
53:
268:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
172:", depending on context and if space or style permits.
44:
65:
47:
1180:
1164:
1148:
1106:
1016:
1005:
960:
952:
Global
Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
939:
913:
904:
866:
804:
759:
723:
692:
683:
646:
608:
487:
462:
414:
304:; Thomas J. Sienkewicz; James T. McDonough (1999).
41:
305:
124:"to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun
392:
93:indicating the time when someone flourished.
8:
353:, University of Toronto Press, p. 307,
186:
134:
126:
118:
110:
59:
1013:
910:
689:
484:
399:
385:
377:
947:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
312:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p.
219:
16:Period during which a person was active
225:
223:
7:
257:
255:
746:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
14:
37:
628:English and British regnal year
347:Johnson, W. McAllister (1990),
350:Art History: Its Use and Abuse
1:
741:Old Style and New Style dates
271:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
693:Pre-Julian / Julian
926:Geological history of Earth
796:Astronomical year numbering
1265:
289:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
158:The term is often used in
18:
1098:Thermoluminescence dating
993:Samarium–neodymium dating
21:Flourish (disambiguation)
812:Chinese sexagenary cycle
1244:Latin words and phrases
1026:Amino acid racemisation
242:Oxford University Press
1031:Archaeomagnetic dating
543:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
187:
135:
127:
119:
111:
105:
931:Geological time units
238:UK English Dictionary
983:Law of superposition
978:Isotope geochemistry
335:fata morgana Morgan.
1116:Fluorine absorption
1093:Luminescence dating
988:Luminescence dating
896:Milankovitch cycles
736:Proleptic Gregorian
568:Hindu units of time
25:FL (disambiguation)
1218:Terminus post quem
1198:Synchronoptic view
1165:Linguistic methods
1126:Obsidian hydration
1061:Radiometric dating
1046:Incremental dating
968:Chronostratigraphy
302:Kofi Acquah-Dadzie
300:Adeleye, Gabriel;
1231:
1230:
1144:
1143:
1001:
1000:
862:
861:
817:Geologic Calendar
679:
678:
97:Etymology and use
1256:
1223:ASPRO chronology
1172:Glottochronology
1088:Tephrochronology
1036:Dendrochronology
1014:
911:
710:Proleptic Julian
700:Pre-Julian Roman
690:
485:
401:
394:
387:
378:
371:
370:
369:
367:
344:
338:
337:
332:
330:
311:
297:
291:
286:
280:
279:
277:
276:
259:
250:
249:
244:. Archived from
227:
190:
138:
130:
122:
114:
77:or occasionally
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1176:
1160:
1156:Molecular clock
1149:Genetic methods
1140:
1121:Nitrogen dating
1108:Relative dating
1102:
1071:Potassium–argon
1018:Absolute dating
1008:
997:
956:
935:
900:
876:Cosmic Calendar
868:Astronomic time
858:
800:
755:
719:
705:Original Julian
675:
642:
604:
503:Ab urbe condita
481:
458:
410:
405:
375:
374:
365:
363:
361:
346:
345:
341:
328:
326:
324:
299:
298:
294:
287:
283:
274:
272:
261:
260:
253:
229:
228:
221:
216:
178:
171:
168:
99:
40:
36:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1193:New Chronology
1190:
1184:
1182:
1181:Related topics
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1058:
1056:Paleomagnetism
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
958:
957:
955:
954:
949:
943:
941:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
923:
917:
915:
908:
902:
901:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
872:
870:
864:
863:
860:
859:
857:
856:
854:New Earth Time
851:
846:
845:
844:
839:
829:
824:
819:
814:
808:
806:
802:
801:
799:
798:
793:
783:
778:
763:
761:
757:
756:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
727:
725:
721:
720:
718:
717:
715:Revised Julian
712:
707:
702:
696:
694:
687:
681:
680:
677:
676:
674:
673:
668:
663:
658:
652:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
635:
633:Lists of kings
630:
625:
623:Canon of Kings
620:
614:
612:
606:
605:
603:
602:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
575:
565:
560:
555:
550:
548:Before present
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
506:
499:
493:
491:
482:
480:
479:
474:
469:
463:
460:
459:
457:
456:
451:
446:
445:
444:
434:
429:
424:
418:
416:
412:
411:
406:
404:
403:
396:
389:
381:
373:
372:
359:
339:
322:
292:
281:
251:
248:on 2021-01-29.
218:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
205:
193:
177:
174:
170:
167:
98:
95:
73:; abbreviated
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1261:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:Chronological
1004:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Geochronology
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
959:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
938:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
912:
909:
907:
906:Geologic time
903:
897:
894:
892:
891:Metonic cycle
889:
887:
886:Galactic year
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
871:
869:
865:
855:
852:
850:
847:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
833:
830:
828:
827:ISO week date
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
803:
797:
794:
791:
787:
784:
782:
779:
776:
772:
768:
765:
764:
762:
758:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
726:
722:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
695:
691:
688:
686:
682:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
651:
649:
645:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
613:
611:
607:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
576:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
533:Byzantine era
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
510:
507:
505:
504:
500:
498:
495:
494:
492:
490:
489:Calendar eras
486:
483:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
461:
455:
452:
450:
447:
443:
440:
439:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
417:
413:
409:
402:
397:
395:
390:
388:
383:
382:
379:
362:
360:0-86516-423-1
356:
352:
351:
343:
340:
336:
325:
323:0-86516-423-1
319:
315:
310:
309:
303:
296:
293:
290:
285:
282:
270:
269:
264:
258:
256:
252:
247:
243:
239:
237:
232:
226:
224:
220:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
198:
194:
191:
189:
183:
180:
179:
175:
173:
164:
161:
156:
153:
150:
146:
141:
139:
137:
131:
129:
123:
121:
115:
113:
107:
103:
96:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
70:
34:
33:
26:
22:
1212:
1136:Stratigraphy
1081:Uranium–lead
1051:Lichenometry
849:Winter count
832:Mesoamerican
760:Astronomical
578:Mesoamerican
563:Sothic cycle
538:Seleucid era
523:Bosporan era
511: /
501:
449:Paleontology
364:, retrieved
349:
342:
334:
327:. Retrieved
307:
295:
288:
284:
273:. Retrieved
266:
246:the original
234:
201:
195:
185:
165:
157:
142:
140:, "flower".
133:
125:
117:
109:
100:
86:
78:
74:
31:
30:
29:
1076:Radiocarbon
751:Dual dating
610:Regnal year
588:Short Count
528:Bostran era
509:Anno Domini
442:Big History
422:Archaeology
208:Family tree
184:(r., Latin
160:art history
1238:Categories
671:Vietnamese
583:Long Count
518:Anno Mundi
513:Common Era
415:Key topics
408:Chronology
275:2017-11-26
214:References
87:flourished
1208:Year zero
1188:Chronicle
1131:Seriation
1066:Lead–lead
940:Standards
921:Deep time
881:Ephemeris
767:Lunisolar
731:Gregorian
724:Gregorian
685:Calendars
648:Era names
618:Anka year
497:Human Era
427:Astronomy
263:"floruit"
231:"floruit"
145:genealogy
1203:Timeline
1041:Ice core
914:Concepts
661:Japanese
593:Tzolk'in
558:Egyptian
176:See also
152:attested
1213:Floruit
961:Methods
822:Iranian
790:Islamic
656:Chinese
467:Periods
437:History
432:Geology
197:Tempore
120:flōrēre
106:flōruit
81:; from
32:Floruit
1009:dating
805:Others
771:Hebrew
666:Korean
477:Epochs
366:1 June
357:
329:1 June
320:
236:Lexico
136:flōris
112:flōreō
1249:Verbs
842:Aztec
786:Lunar
781:Solar
775:Hindu
638:Limmu
598:Haab'
553:Hijri
202:temp.
188:rexit
182:Reign
149:wills
102:Latin
85:for "
83:Latin
79:flor.
837:Maya
572:Yuga
472:Eras
454:Time
368:2010
355:ISBN
331:2010
318:ISBN
169:and
128:flōs
91:noun
23:and
314:147
75:fl.
51:ɔːr
1240::
773:,
333:.
316:.
265:.
254:^
240:.
233:.
222:^
132:,
116:,
104::
792:)
788:(
777:)
769:(
574:)
570:(
400:e
393:t
386:v
278:.
204:)
200:(
192:)
69:/
66:t
63:ɪ
60:.
57:u
54:j
48:l
45:f
42:ˈ
39:/
35:(
27:.
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