4624:
993:
691:
593:
4631:
6014:
899:
686:
588:
3868:
750:
516:
5575:
5580:
151:
4617:
3862:
3856:
129:
6074:
966:
1475:
485:
6020:
1013:
696:
598:
1807:(about 18,000 years ago) are a significantly confounding factor. Some studies appear to rule this out as the primary cause of extinction, but there has also been some dispute about these studies. It is likely that a combination of all of these factors contributed to the megafauna's demise. However, there is significant disagreement about the relative importance of each.
1586:
1572:
878:
771:
544:
1717:, while large, has a lightly constructed osseous core that was only partially covered in rhamphotheca, was highly vascularised and likely highly innervated, a combination of features conferring relatively weak biting ability. This suggests that dromornithids were likely not consuming coarse browse requiring strong bite forces.
439:, such as emus, cassowaries, rheas and ostriches. It is now believed that the similarities between these groups are the result of similar responses to the loss of flight. The latest idea on dromornithid relationships, based on details of the skull, is that they evolved early in the lineage that includes
1802:
The reasons for the extinction of this entire family along with the rest of the
Australian megafauna by the end of the Pleistocene are still debated. It is hypothesized that the arrival of the first humans in Australia (around 48-60 thousand years ago) and their hunting and landscape-changing use of
1334:
bones have been excavated in association with human artifacts. The issue of how much of an impact humans had on dromornithids and other large animals of the time is unresolved and much debated. Many scientists believe that human settlement and hunting were largely responsible for the extinction of
2558:
McInerney, P. L.; Blokland, J. C.; Worthy, T. H. (2024). "Skull morphology of the enigmatic
Genyornis newtoni Stirling and Zeitz, 1896 (Aves, Dromornithidae), with implications for functional morphology, ecology, and evolution in the context of Galloanserae". Historical Biology: An International
1970:
McInerney, P. L.; Blokland, J. C.; Worthy, T. H. (2024). "Skull morphology of the enigmatic
Genyornis newtoni Stirling and Zeitz, 1896 (Aves, Dromornithidae), with implications for functional morphology, ecology, and evolution in the context of Galloanserae". Historical Biology: An International
1647:
Because of their enormous size, dromornithids have been considered to have been slow, lumbering creatures. Their legs are not long and slender like those of emus or ostriches, which are specialised for running. However, biomechanical analysis of the attachments and presumed sizes of the muscles
1708:
Functional interpretations by researchers Warren
Handley and Trevor Worthy suggests that dromornithids were specialised herbivores that likely possessed well-developed stereoscopic depth perception, were diurnal and fed on soft browse such as new growth, soft leaves, and fruit. Musculature for
1382:
of the South
Australian Museum received reports of large bones in a dry lake bed in the northwest of the state. Over the several next years, they made several trips to the site, collecting nearly complete skeletons of several individuals. They named the newly found species
2824:
Roberts, R. G.; Flannery, T. F.; Ayliffe, L. A.; Yoshida, H.; Olley, J. M.; Prideaux, G. J.; Laslett, G. M.; Baynes, A.; Smith, M. A.; Jones, R.; Smith, B. L. (2001). "New ages for the last
Australian megafauna: continent-wide extinction about 46,000 years ago".
1346:, one of his men tied his rope to a projecting object which broke when he tried to descend the rope. After the man had climbed back up, it was found that the projecting object was the fossilised long bone of a large bird. The first species to be described was
1429:
skull was very large, with the enormous bill making up about two-thirds of it. The bill was deep, but rather narrow. The jaws had cutting edges at the front, as well as crushing surfaces at the back. There were attachments for large muscles, indicating that
1445:
The polished stones that the birds kept in their gizzards (muscular stomachs) occur at a number of sites. These stones, called gastroliths, played an important role in their digestion by breaking up coarse food or matter that was swallowed in large
1607:. Most were heavy-bodied, with powerfully developed legs and greatly reduced wings. The last bones of the toes resembled small hooves, rather than claws as in most birds. Like emus and other flightless birds, dromornithids lost the keel on the
2503:
Sexual dimorphism in the late
Miocene mihirung Dromornis stirtoni (Aves: Dromornithidae) from the Alcoota Local Fauna of central Australia, DOI:10.1080/02724634.2016.1180298, Received: 9 Jul 2015 Accepted: 20 Feb 2015 Published online: 07 Jun
1330:, was certainly known to Aboriginal Australians during the Late Pleistocene. Cave paintings thought to depict this bird are known, as are carved footprints larger than those considered to represent emus. At Cuddie Springs,
1140:
The classification of these species has been based upon distinguishing characters of the femur, all type specimens are femurs. The cranial remains occur less frequently, with three assignable to a species level.
1662:
specimens, containing two forms has been determined to be evidence of sexual dimorphism within that species, the largest known. Males were more robust and heavier than females, although not necessarily taller.
1119:(the "mihirung") were more heavily built, stood about 2 to 2.5 m (6.6 to 8.2 ft) tall and probably reached weights of 220 to 240 kg (490 to 530 lb). The largest dromornithids were
1413:, long bones of the hindlimb and toe bones. Ribs and wing bones are uncommonly preserved. The rarest part of the skeleton is the skull. For many years, the only skull known was a damaged specimen of
1460:
or endocasts) have been found. Endocasts are formed when sediments fill the empty skull, after which the skull is destroyed. These fossils give a fairly accurate picture of dromornithid brains.
656:
resulted in several of their phylogenies to support this grouping. The authors did note the bootstrap support is weakly supported and one of their phylogenies even found gastornithiforms to be
1745:
Records of these birds are known only from
Australia. Most of the records of dromornithids come from the eastern half of the continent, although fossil evidence has also been discovered in
4623:
648:
A 2017 paper concerning the evolution and phylogeny of the giant fowl by Worthy and colleagues have found phylogenetic support in finding the mihirungs to be the sister taxon to
1821:
6167:
2710:
Murray, P. F.; Megirian, D. (1998). "The skull of dromornithid birds: anatomical evidence for their relationship to
Anseriformes (Dromornithidae, Anseriformes)".
2100:
Bourdon, E. (2005). "Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes)".
1765:
1679:
It has been generally thought that the dromornithids were plant eaters, a belief currently considered common scientific consensus. This belief is based on:
1648:
suggest that dromornithids might have been able to run much faster than originally thought, making up for their less than ideal form with brute strength.
6243:
6154:
2952:"Osteohistology of Dromornis stirtoni (Aves: Dromornithidae) and the biological implications of the bone histology of the Australian mihirung birds"
2393:
Stirling and Zeitz, 1896 (Aves, Dromornithidae), with implications for functional morphology, ecology, and evolution in the context of
Galloanserae"
660:
instead. These were also weakly supported. Below is a simplified phylogeny showing their one phylogeny supporting gastornithiforms as anserimorphs.
2237:
Agnolín, F.L.; Egli, F.B.; Chatterjee, S.; Marsà, J.A.G (2017). "Vegaviidae, a new clade of southern diving birds that survived the K/T boundary".
6223:
2675:
Miller, G. H.; Magee, J. W.; Johnson, B. J.; Fogel, M. L.; Spooner, N. A.; McCulloch, M. T.; Ayliffe, L. K. (1999). "Pleistocene extinction of
3014:
2732:
6233:
1709:
operation of the bill is “surprisingly limited", suggesting that these birds were not capable of a particularly forceful bite. There is no
435:. What the nearest relatives of this group are is a controversial issue. For many years it was thought that dromornithids were related to
2646:
Field, J. H.; Boles, W. E. (1998). "Genyornis newtoni and Dromaius novaehollandiae at 30,000 b.p. in central northern New South Wales".
6213:
1395:
1724:
may have been a carnivore or possibly a scavenger. However, most authorities now consider it to be a herbivore. The recently-extinct
6228:
3867:
1558:
6013:
6238:
1077:
The number of taxa in the Dromornithidae family was recognised as eight species in four genera by 2021, the smallest species was
2872:
Vickers-Rich, P.; Molnar, R. E. (1996). "The foot of a bird from the Eocene Redbank Plains Formation of Queensland, Australia".
2190:"Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion"
1492:
5574:
4630:
1539:
1496:
1417:. Early reconstructions of dromornithids made them appear like oversized emus. Peter Murray and Dirk Megirian of Australia's
2762:
Rich, P.; Gill, E. (1976). "Possible dromornithid footprints from Pleistocene dune sands of southern Victoria, Australia".
1511:
2003:
Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Vögel, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Anatomie der Stütz- und Bewegungsorgane
150:
4616:
815:
A 2022 study concerning their proteins found them to be sister group to the common group of galliforms and anseriforms.
2549:
Peter F. Murray,Patricia Vickers-Rich, Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime
1623:
1.5 to 1.8 m (4 ft 11 in to 5 ft 11 in) up to 3 m (9 ft 10 in) in the case of
1518:
992:
690:
592:
5579:
2901:
Williams, D. L. G. (1981). "Genyornis eggshell (Dromornithidae; Aves) from the Late Pleistocene of South Australia".
812:
A 2021 study conversely found their internal cranial anatomy more similar to that of galliforms than to anseriforms.
2030:"The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)"
1339:
3861:
1485:
6218:
3807:
3007:
1525:
4160:
3105:
1418:
1402:, both in the Northern Territory. The specimen recovered there remained unstudied and unnamed until 1979, when
3855:
1777:
1619:. Their skull also was quite different from that of emus. These birds ranged from about the size of a modern
6208:
5699:
4564:
1297:
1507:
6094:
6077:
5676:
5620:
1268:
1240:
1099:
2930:
Williams, D. L. G.; Vickers-Rich, P. (1992). "Giant fossil egg fragment from the Tertiary of Australia".
1803:
fire may have contributed to the disappearance of the megafauna. However, drought conditions during peak
6180:
5936:
4186:
3751:
1204:
934:
5907:
898:
685:
587:
6141:
6019:
3000:
2910:
2881:
2836:
2804:
2773:
2655:
2582:
2341:
2246:
2109:
2041:
1871:
1671:
A 2021 study found that dromornithids had an internal cranial anatomy similar to that of galliforms.
350:
749:
652:. Worthy et al. (2017) incorporated several new taxa and character traits into existing matrices of
515:
6132:
4968:
4463:
4329:
3964:
1353:
1348:
1278:
1172:
1121:
1093:
5964:
5096:
5045:
4692:
4432:
3655:
3132:
2860:
2459:
2270:
2133:
1754:
1658:
1625:
1591:
1212:
1127:
355:
145:
137:
4873:
4793:
2157:
Moreno & Mercerat, un Anseriformes (Aves) gigante del Mioceno Medio de Patagonia, Argentina"
1103:) were larger birds, but had more slender legs than the other dromornithids and were similar to
6185:
5864:
5248:
2570:
5816:
5075:
4803:
4318:
4103:
3707:
3074:
2981:
2973:
2852:
2827:
2728:
2698:
2681:
2598:
2369:
2262:
2219:
2125:
2067:
1997:
1899:
1854:
Worthy, T. H.; Mitri, M.; Handley, W. D.; Lee, M. S. Y.; Anderson, A.; Sand, C. (2016-03-30).
1782:
1750:
1577:
1309:
1182:
1115:
824:
731:
454:
Below is the general consensus of the phylogeny under the hypothesis that they are members of
402:
361:
233:
6172:
6047:
5972:
5914:
5507:
5398:
5105:
4783:
4507:
4486:
3796:
3730:
3637:
3274:
2963:
2918:
2889:
2844:
2812:
2781:
2690:
2663:
2590:
2527:
2449:
2404:
2359:
2349:
2308:
2254:
2209:
2201:
2168:
2117:
2057:
2049:
1889:
1879:
1532:
1457:
1343:
1198:
1187:
1109:
961:
338:
2516:"Endocranial Anatomy of the Giant Extinct Australian Mihirung Birds (Aves, Dromornithidae)"
2297:"Endocranial Anatomy of the Giant Extinct Australian Mihirung Birds (Aves, Dromornithidae)"
5994:
5987:
5950:
5871:
5855:
5435:
5407:
5054:
4682:
4541:
4472:
4344:
4307:
4149:
4134:
4053:
4009:
3988:
3765:
3644:
3601:
3426:
3357:
3090:
1791:
1450:
1368:
1364:
479:
205:
2914:
2885:
2840:
2808:
2777:
2743:
2659:
2586:
2345:
2250:
2113:
2045:
1875:
1720:
It has been suggested that, despite the indications of herbivory in some dromornithids,
6037:
5979:
5943:
5747:
5720:
5688:
5332:
5302:
5167:
5006:
4924:
4813:
4553:
4479:
4442:
3940:
3737:
3496:
3392:
3331:
3310:
2364:
2329:
2214:
2189:
2062:
2029:
1894:
1855:
1787:
1710:
1391:
have been found in other parts of South Australia and in New South Wales and Victoria.
1379:
1375:
745:
657:
649:
511:
259:
2725:
Magnificent mihirungs : the colossal flightless birds of the Australian dreamtime
2571:"The foot of a bird from the Eocene Redbank Plains Formation of Queensland, Australia"
128:
6202:
6057:
6052:
5921:
5781:
5665:
5609:
5288:
5207:
5151:
5121:
5068:
5061:
4947:
4938:
4722:
4702:
4245:
4234:
4120:
4089:
4046:
3995:
3981:
3675:
3407:
3385:
3370:
3288:
2795:
2764:
2463:
2205:
1690:
1630:
1616:
1403:
1226:
1079:
988:
819:
719:
667:
497:
465:
455:
410:
374:
268:
81:
2864:
2793:
Rich, P.; Green, R. H. (1974). "Footprints of birds at South Mt Cameron, Tasmania".
2274:
2001:
1856:"Osteology Supports a Stem-Galliform Affinity for the Giant Extinct Flightless Bird
965:
6067:
5929:
5656:
5530:
5523:
5462:
5380:
5113:
4992:
4904:
4853:
4823:
4772:
4712:
4530:
4383:
4368:
4353:
4287:
4175:
4127:
4039:
3929:
3784:
3744:
3723:
3716:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3629:
3614:
3550:
3507:
3468:
3338:
3317:
3248:
3226:
2137:
1816:
1425:
to give a good idea of what that bird's head looked like. It is now known that the
1357:
1160:
843:
829:
680:
653:
582:
444:
406:
346:
2744:"The Dromornithidae, an extinct family of large ground birds endemic to Australia"
2437:
2409:
2388:
1713:
on the side of the cranium for insertion of mandibular musculature. The culmen in
2694:
1884:
1757:
sites they are very common, sometimes comprising 60-70% of the fossil material.
1704:
the large number of individuals occurring together, suggesting flocking behaviour
447:). However, some phylogenetic studies have recovered them as closer to gamefowl (
6126:
5892:
5802:
5737:
5478:
5428:
5359:
5311:
5136:
5082:
5030:
4977:
4863:
4833:
4752:
4516:
4266:
4256:
3919:
3758:
3523:
3482:
3453:
3446:
3414:
3324:
3258:
3198:
3185:
3144:
3023:
2087:
Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime
1954:
1697:: gastroliths are also found in the stomachs of some carnivores, such as modern
1474:
1254:
484:
448:
330:
276:
56:
43:
822:
redescribed the skull morphology and phylogenetic affinity of the dromornithid
365:
survived into the Late Pleistocene. They are thought to have been herbivorous.
5957:
5825:
5632:
5516:
5486:
5453:
5421:
5387:
5373:
5366:
5190:
5160:
4954:
4914:
4843:
4732:
4661:
4648:
4576:
4523:
4399:
4376:
4361:
4297:
4224:
4112:
4082:
4075:
4018:
3974:
3668:
3557:
3541:
3530:
3489:
3475:
3439:
3400:
3378:
2922:
2893:
2667:
2594:
2559:
Journal of Paleobiology. 36 (6): 1093–1165. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2308212.
2330:"Ancient proteins resolve controversy over the identity of Genyornis eggshell"
2258:
2121:
1984:
1971:
Journal of Paleobiology. 36 (6): 1093–1165. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2308212.
1804:
1769:
1608:
1012:
695:
597:
567:
334:
303:
101:
66:
6117:
2977:
2602:
6062:
6042:
5878:
5833:
5795:
5788:
5345:
5278:
5258:
5238:
5228:
5218:
5022:
5015:
4984:
4449:
4276:
4068:
3950:
3622:
3564:
3516:
3460:
3346:
3215:
3117:
3065:
2848:
2354:
1761:
1733:
1725:
1698:
1620:
1410:
1292:
1155:
1133:
1084:
893:
833:
440:
326:
284:
253:
162:
106:
50:
39:
2985:
2950:
Chinsamy, Anusuya; Handley, Warren D.; Worthy, Trevor H. (17 August 2022).
2856:
2373:
2266:
2223:
2173:
2152:
2129:
2071:
1903:
2702:
1585:
1571:
1338:
The first Europeans to encounter the bones of dromornithids may have been
1335:
dromornithids, as well as many other species of the Australian megafauna.
877:
770:
543:
6111:
5885:
5757:
5414:
5352:
5174:
5128:
4742:
4493:
4417:
4061:
4025:
3571:
3303:
3056:
3047:
1746:
1008:
423:
416:
182:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
2053:
1694:
17:
6159:
5899:
5645:
5493:
5318:
4893:
4203:
4032:
3898:
3885:
3819:
1780:) that may be referable to dromornithids. The most recent evidence, of
1635:
1612:
1499: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1399:
1104:
342:
111:
86:
2932:
Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
2785:
2532:
2515:
2313:
2296:
1441:
Bones are not the only remains of dromornithids that have been found:
5470:
5268:
4883:
4762:
3237:
3041:
2968:
2951:
2816:
2454:
1773:
1615:) that serves as the attachment for the large flight muscles in most
1363:
Extensive collections of any dromornithid fossils were first made at
1087:, weighing 80 to 95 kg (176 to 209 lb). The two species of
436:
396:
384:
172:
118:
6088:
2751:
Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics
359:, was 3 m (9 ft 10 in) tall. Only a single species,
3295:
1584:
1570:
1144:
The placement of these dromornithid species may be summarised as:
318:
242:
2438:"The Australian Dromornithidae: a group of extinct large ratites"
2028:
Worthy, T.H.; Degrange, F.J.; Handley, W.D.; Lee, M.S.Y. (2017).
6146:
5597:
5542:
322:
215:
192:
6092:
5595:
4646:
3883:
3183:
3034:
2996:
2992:
1604:
1600:
1468:
1434:
had a powerful bite. More fragmentary remains of the skull of
390:
378:
2397:
Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology
2387:
McInerney, P. L.; Blokland, J. C.; Worthy, T. H. (2024).
2295:
Handley, Warren D.; Worthy, Trevor H. (15 March 2021).
1125:, from which the family gets its name, and the massive
2006:. Vol. 2. Amsterdam: T. van Holkema. p. 435.
1629:, possibly the largest bird that ever lived after the
5852:
5813:
5769:
5753:
5743:
5733:
5504:
5450:
5329:
5299:
5284:
5274:
5264:
5254:
5244:
5234:
5224:
5214:
5203:
5148:
5093:
5042:
5003:
4965:
4935:
4920:
4910:
4900:
4889:
4879:
4869:
4859:
4849:
4839:
4829:
4819:
4809:
4799:
4789:
4779:
4768:
4758:
4748:
4738:
4728:
4718:
4708:
4698:
4688:
4678:
4550:
4504:
4460:
4429:
4412:
4341:
4325:
4314:
4303:
4293:
4283:
4272:
4262:
4252:
4241:
4230:
4220:
4172:
4146:
4100:
4006:
3961:
3946:
3936:
3925:
3915:
3793:
3598:
3271:
3254:
3244:
3233:
3222:
3211:
2575:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
2328:
Demarchi, Beatrice; Stiller, Josefin (24 May 2022).
1352:. The specimen was found in a 55-metre deep well at
958:
930:
373:
The scientific name Dromornithidae derives from the
6101:
5851:
5812:
5768:
5718:
5687:
5664:
5655:
5631:
5608:
5541:
5503:
5449:
5397:
5328:
5298:
5188:
5147:
5092:
5041:
5002:
4964:
4934:
4659:
4575:
4549:
4540:
4503:
4459:
4428:
4397:
4340:
4201:
4171:
4145:
4099:
4005:
3960:
3896:
3818:
3792:
3783:
3706:
3654:
3597:
3540:
3506:
3425:
3356:
3269:
3196:
3143:
3116:
3089:
1987:
people of western Victoria that means 'giant bird'.
1599:Dromornithids looked superficially like very large
2161:Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1737:suggests they might have feed on aquatic plants.
1409:The best represented bones of dromornithids are
1406:described five new species and four new genera.
1456:Impressions of the inside of the skull cavity (
2723:Murray, Peter; Vickers-Rich, Patricia (2004).
2514:Handley, Warren D.; Worthy, Trevor H. (2021).
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
1438:suggest that it, too, had an oversized skull.
3008:
2545:
2543:
2422:
2420:
8:
1915:
1913:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1760:The earliest bones identified were found in
1356:, Queensland, and subsequently described by
2476:Vickers-Rich, P. & Molnar, R. E. (1996)
1919:Murray, P. F. & Vickers-Rich, P. (2004)
6089:
5726:
5661:
5637:
5605:
5592:
5337:
5196:
4671:
4667:
4656:
4643:
4546:
4405:
4213:
4209:
3908:
3904:
3893:
3880:
3789:
3660:
3606:
3594:
3431:
3362:
3280:
3204:
3193:
3180:
3122:
3095:
3086:
3031:
3015:
3001:
2993:
127:
31:
2967:
2727:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
2679:: human impact on Australian megafauna".
2531:
2453:
2408:
2363:
2353:
2312:
2213:
2172:
2061:
1893:
1883:
1683:the lack of a hook at the end of the bill
1559:Learn how and when to remove this message
818:Two year later, Mclnerney, Blokland and
2569:Vickers-Rich, P.; Molnar, R.E. (1996).
2085:Murrary, P.F; Vickers-Rich, P. (2004).
1839:Murray, P. F. & Megirian, D. (1998)
1832:
828:, finding Dromornithidae as members of
2712:Records of the South Australian Museum
2615:Field, J. H. & Boles, W. E. (1998)
1772:. There are foot impressions from the
345:), but are now usually classified as
7:
1728:may have been a potential predator.
1497:adding citations to reliable sources
1083:, a bird about the size of a modern
2389:"Skull morphology of the enigmatic
1453:, have been found at several sites.
1421:recovered enough skull material of
981:
951:
923:
864:
856:
849:
839:
737:
711:
673:
663:
559:
531:
503:
471:
461:
2494:Rich, P. & Green, R. H. (1974)
2188:Livezey, B.C.; Zusi, R.L. (2007).
1822:Later Quaternary prehistoric birds
1342:and his team. While exploring the
427:, and a note by von Haast allying
401:("bird"). The family was named by
309:, "giant bird") and informally as
25:
1137:is the best known of the genera.
349:. Dromornithids were part of the
6073:
6072:
6018:
6012:
5578:
5573:
4629:
4622:
4615:
3866:
3860:
3854:
2206:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x
1860:(Sylviornithidae, Galloanseres)"
1473:
1011:
991:
964:
897:
876:
769:
748:
694:
689:
684:
596:
591:
586:
542:
514:
483:
321:of large, flightless Australian
149:
1983:is an Aboriginal word from the
1794:and dated at 31,000 years old.
1484:needs additional citations for
1394:Other sites of importance were
1387:in 1896. Additional remains of
1113:(the "demon duck of doom") and
337:. They were long classified in
6224:Prehistoric birds of Australia
2485:Rich, P. & Gill, E. (1976)
1686:the lack of talons on the toes
1:
2410:10.1080/08912963.2024.2308212
1449:Series of footprints, called
6244:Taxa named by Max Fürbringer
2695:10.1126/science.283.5399.205
1885:10.1371/journal.pone.0150871
1776:in southeastern Queensland (
397:
385:
6234:Oligocene first appearances
2089:. Indiana University Press.
1589:Artist's reconstruction of
1575:Artist's reconstruction of
1131:("Stirton's thunderbird").
6260:
2436:Rich, Pat Vickers (1980).
2034:Royal Society Open Science
1314:Stirling & Zietz, 1896
767:Dromornithidae (mihirungs)
683:(screamers and waterfowl)
540:Dromornithidae (mihirungs)
391:
379:
6214:Prehistoric bird families
6032:
6010:
5729:
5640:
5604:
5591:
5571:
5340:
5199:
4674:
4670:
4655:
4642:
4613:
4408:
4216:
4212:
3911:
3907:
3892:
3879:
3852:
3663:
3609:
3593:
3434:
3365:
3283:
3207:
3192:
3179:
3125:
3098:
3085:
3030:
2923:10.1080/03115518108565426
2894:10.1080/03115519608619220
2668:10.1080/03115519808619199
2595:10.1080/03115519608619220
2259:10.1007/s00114-017-1508-y
2122:10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0
1419:Northern Territory Museum
1326:The most recent species,
1107:in their build and size.
1006:
986:
979:
956:
949:
928:
921:
891:
869:
862:
854:
847:
763:
742:
735:
716:
709:
678:
671:
580:
564:
557:
536:
529:
508:
501:
476:
469:
413:, Owen's separation from
248:
241:
146:Scientific classification
144:
135:
126:
34:
6229:Extinct flightless birds
2442:Contributions in Science
1858:Sylviornis neocaledoniae
1778:Redbank Plains Formation
1731:A study on the skull of
1150:(8 species in 4 genera)
6239:Pleistocene extinctions
2962:(7). Wiley: 1842–1863.
2849:10.1126/science.1060264
2355:10.1073/pnas.2109326119
27:Extinct family of birds
2174:10.22179/revmacn.9.361
2155:Brontornis burmeisteri
1959:Paleogene Fossil Birds
1596:
1582:
1269:Ilbandornis woodburnei
1241:Barawertornis tedfordi
1100:Ilbandornis woodburnei
1080:Barawertornis tedfordi
389:("swift-running") and
6181:Paleobiology Database
3752:Paralitherizinosaurus
2956:The Anatomical Record
2239:The Science of Nature
2194:The Science of Nature
1588:
1574:
832:, closely related to
482:(pseudo-tooth birds)
2835:(#5523): 1888–1892.
2151:Agnolín, F. (2007).
1786:, has been found at
1493:improve this article
836:from South America.
351:Australian megafauna
333:epochs. All are now
4969:Patagopterygiformes
4464:Confuciusornithidae
4330:Scansoriopterygidae
3965:Scansoriopterygidae
2915:1981Alch....5..133W
2886:1996Alch...20...21V
2841:2001Sci...292.1888R
2809:1974EmuAO..74..245R
2778:1976EmuAO..76..221R
2660:1998Alch...22..177F
2624:Roberts et al. 2001
2587:1996Alch...20...21V
2346:2022PNAS..11909326D
2340:(43): e2109326119.
2251:2017SciNa.104...87A
2114:2005NW.....92..586B
2102:Naturwissenschaften
2054:10.1098/rsos.170975
2046:2017RSOS....470975W
1876:2016PLoSO..1150871W
1689:the association of
1349:Dromornis australis
1279:Ilbandornis lawsoni
1173:Dromornis australis
1122:Dromornis australis
1094:Ilbandornis lawsoni
5097:Songlingornithidae
5046:Hongshanornithidae
4433:Omnivoropterygidae
4345:Jeholornithiformes
3656:Therizinosauroidea
2689:(#5399): 205–208.
1981:Mihirung paringmal
1755:Northern Territory
1659:Dromornis stirtoni
1626:Dromornis stirtoni
1597:
1592:Dromornis stirtoni
1583:
1213:Dromornis stirtoni
1128:Dromornis stirtoni
356:Dromornis stirtoni
307:Mihirung paringmal
138:Dromornis stirtoni
6196:
6195:
6095:Taxon identifiers
6086:
6085:
6028:
6027:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6003:
5908:Lutetodontopteris
5817:Gastornithiformes
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5598:Aves / Neornithes
5587:
5586:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5543:Aves / Neornithes
5445:
5444:
5184:
5183:
5076:Parahongshanornis
4638:
4637:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4393:
4392:
4319:Archaeopterygidae
4197:
4196:
4104:Archaeopterygidae
3875:
3874:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3708:Therizinosauridae
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3075:Maniraptoriformes
2786:10.1071/mu9760221
2734:978-0-253-34282-9
2677:Genyornis newtoni
2533:10.3390/d13030124
2391:Genyornis newtoni
2314:10.3390/d13030124
1790:in north-central
1783:Genyornis newtoni
1751:Western Australia
1656:Rich deposits of
1652:Sexual dimorphism
1578:Genyornis newtoni
1569:
1568:
1561:
1543:
1458:endocranial casts
1385:Genyornis newtoni
1328:Genyornis newtoni
1315:
1310:Genyornis newtoni
1301:
1300:& Zietz, 1896
1284:
1274:
1260:
1246:
1232:
1218:
1208:
1194:
1183:Dromornis murrayi
1178:
1164:
1116:Genyornis newtoni
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
910:
909:
825:Genyornis newtoni
809:
808:
800:
799:
791:
790:
782:
781:
732:Gastornithiformes
645:
644:
636:
635:
627:
626:
618:
617:
609:
608:
362:Genyornis newtoni
293:
292:
263:
237:
16:(Redirected from
6251:
6219:Fossil trackways
6189:
6188:
6176:
6175:
6163:
6162:
6150:
6149:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6090:
6076:
6075:
6048:Deinonychosauria
6023:
6022:
6016:
5973:Protodontopteryx
5915:Macrodontopteryx
5854:
5815:
5771:
5755:
5745:
5735:
5727:
5662:
5638:
5606:
5593:
5582:
5577:
5508:Cimolopterygidae
5506:
5452:
5399:Hesperornithidae
5338:
5331:
5301:
5286:
5276:
5266:
5256:
5246:
5236:
5226:
5216:
5205:
5197:
5150:
5095:
5044:
5005:
4967:
4937:
4922:
4912:
4902:
4891:
4881:
4871:
4861:
4851:
4841:
4831:
4821:
4811:
4801:
4791:
4781:
4770:
4760:
4750:
4740:
4730:
4720:
4710:
4700:
4690:
4680:
4672:
4668:
4657:
4644:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4619:
4552:
4547:
4508:Jinguofortisidae
4506:
4487:Eoconfuciusornis
4462:
4431:
4414:
4406:
4343:
4327:
4316:
4305:
4295:
4285:
4274:
4264:
4254:
4243:
4232:
4222:
4214:
4210:
4174:
4148:
4102:
4008:
3963:
3948:
3938:
3927:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3894:
3881:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3808:Oviraptorosauria
3797:Oviraptorosauria
3795:
3790:
3731:Nanshiungosaurus
3661:
3638:Jianchangosaurus
3607:
3600:
3595:
3432:
3363:
3281:
3275:Alvarezsauroidea
3273:
3256:
3246:
3235:
3224:
3213:
3205:
3194:
3181:
3123:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3032:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2994:
2989:
2971:
2969:10.1002/ar.25047
2939:
2926:
2897:
2868:
2820:
2817:10.1071/mu974245
2789:
2758:
2748:
2742:Rich, P (1979).
2738:
2719:
2706:
2671:
2634:
2633:Wroe et al. 2002
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2455:10.5962/p.226841
2433:
2427:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2403:(6): 1093–1165.
2384:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2025:
2008:
2007:
1994:
1988:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1870:(#3): e0150871.
1851:
1840:
1837:
1768:in northwestern
1667:Endocast studies
1564:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1508:"Dromornithidae"
1501:
1477:
1469:
1344:Wellington Caves
1313:
1296:
1282:
1272:
1258:
1244:
1230:
1216:
1202:
1199:Dromornis planei
1186:
1176:
1159:
1110:Dromornis planei
1015:
995:
982:
968:
962:Presbyornithidae
960:
952:
932:
924:
901:
880:
865:
857:
850:
840:
773:
752:
738:
712:
698:
693:
688:
674:
664:
600:
595:
590:
560:
546:
532:
518:
504:
487:
472:
462:
405:in 1888, citing
400:
394:
393:
388:
382:
381:
339:Struthioniformes
257:
232:
227:
154:
153:
131:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6184:
6179:
6171:
6166:
6158:
6153:
6145:
6140:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6097:
6087:
6082:
6024:
6017:
6000:
5995:Tympanonesiotes
5988:Pseudodontornis
5951:Palaeochenoides
5872:Caspiodontornis
5856:Pelagornithidae
5847:
5808:
5764:
5706:
5683:
5651:
5627:
5600:
5583:
5557:
5537:
5499:
5441:
5436:Parahesperornis
5408:Asiahesperornis
5393:
5324:
5294:
5193:
5180:
5143:
5088:
5055:Archaeornithura
5037:
4998:
4960:
4930:
4683:Archaeorhynchus
4664:
4651:
4634:
4621:
4591:
4571:
4542:Ornithothoraces
4536:
4499:
4473:Changchengornis
4455:
4424:
4402:
4389:
4336:
4308:Anchiornithidae
4206:
4193:
4167:
4161:Dromaeosauridae
4150:Dromaeosauridae
4141:
4135:Anchiornithidae
4095:
4054:Liaoningvenator
4010:Anchiornithidae
4001:
3989:Scansoriopteryx
3956:
3901:
3888:
3871:
3834:
3814:
3771:
3766:Therizinosaurus
3702:
3650:
3645:Lingyuanosaurus
3602:Therizinosauria
3577:
3536:
3502:
3427:Parvicursorinae
3421:
3358:Alvarezsauridae
3352:
3277:
3265:
3201:
3188:
3159:
3139:
3112:
3106:Avemetatarsalia
3091:Avemetatarsalia
3081:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3021:
2949:
2946:
2944:Further reading
2929:
2909:(#2): 133–140.
2900:
2871:
2823:
2803:(#4): 245–248.
2792:
2772:(#4): 221–223.
2761:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2722:
2709:
2674:
2654:(#2): 177–188.
2645:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2426:Rich, P. (1979)
2425:
2418:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2294:
2293:
2282:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2108:(#12): 586–91.
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2040:(#10): 170975.
2027:
2026:
2011:
1998:Fürbringer, Max
1996:
1995:
1991:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1953:
1949:
1941:Roberts, R. G.
1940:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1813:
1800:
1792:New South Wales
1743:
1677:
1669:
1654:
1645:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1502:
1500:
1490:
1478:
1467:
1369:South Australia
1365:Lake Callabonna
1340:Thomas Mitchell
1324:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
911:
810:
801:
792:
783:
658:stem galliforms
646:
637:
628:
619:
610:
480:Pelagornithidae
371:
353:. One species,
231:
225:
206:Pangalloanserae
148:
122:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6257:
6255:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6209:Dromornithidae
6201:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6177:
6164:
6151:
6138:
6133:Dromornithidae
6123:
6107:
6105:
6103:Dromornithidae
6099:
6098:
6093:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6038:Archaeornithes
6033:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5980:Protopelicanus
5976:
5969:
5961:
5954:
5947:
5944:Osteodontornis
5940:
5933:
5926:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5860:
5858:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5841:Dromornithidae
5837:
5830:
5821:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5777:
5775:
5773:Dromornithidae
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5751:
5748:Perplexicervix
5741:
5730:
5724:
5721:Incertae sedis
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5700:Pangalliformes
5693:
5691:
5689:Pangalliformes
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5670:
5668:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5641:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5614:
5612:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5527:
5520:
5512:
5510:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5475:
5467:
5458:
5456:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5403:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5341:
5335:
5333:Hesperornithes
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5305:
5303:Ichthyornithes
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5282:
5272:
5262:
5252:
5242:
5232:
5222:
5212:
5200:
5194:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5171:
5168:Similiyanornis
5164:
5156:
5154:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5101:
5099:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5050:
5048:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5027:
5019:
5011:
5009:
5007:Ambiortiformes
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4971:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4943:
4941:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4925:Zhongjianornis
4918:
4908:
4898:
4887:
4877:
4867:
4857:
4847:
4837:
4827:
4817:
4814:Jianchangornis
4807:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4766:
4756:
4746:
4736:
4726:
4716:
4706:
4696:
4686:
4675:
4665:
4660:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4565:Enantiornithes
4558:
4556:
4554:Enantiornithes
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4512:
4510:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4480:Confuciusornis
4476:
4468:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4443:Omnivoropteryx
4438:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4409:
4403:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4365:
4358:
4349:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4323:
4312:
4301:
4291:
4281:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4239:
4228:
4217:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4154:
4152:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4014:
4012:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3970:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3944:
3941:Pneumatoraptor
3934:
3923:
3912:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3799:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3738:Neimongosaurus
3734:
3727:
3720:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3626:
3619:
3610:
3604:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3497:Trierarchuncus
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3393:Bonapartenykus
3389:
3382:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3335:
3332:Shishugounykus
3328:
3321:
3314:
3311:Bonapartenykus
3307:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3278:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3252:
3242:
3231:
3220:
3208:
3202:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3093:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3050:
3044:
3035:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2927:
2898:
2869:
2821:
2790:
2759:
2739:
2733:
2720:
2707:
2672:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2561:
2551:
2539:
2506:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2428:
2416:
2379:
2320:
2280:
2229:
2180:
2143:
2092:
2077:
2009:
1989:
1973:
1963:
1947:
1934:
1928:Miller, G. H.
1921:
1909:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1799:
1796:
1788:Cuddie Springs
1762:Late Oligocene
1742:
1739:
1711:temporal fossa
1706:
1705:
1702:
1691:gizzard stones
1687:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1617:bird skeletons
1567:
1566:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1380:A. H. C. Zietz
1376:E. C. Stirling
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1303:
1302:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1262:
1261:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1195:
1179:
1166:
1165:
1148:Dromornithidae
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
985:
980:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
955:
950:
948:
944:
943:
940:
939:
927:
922:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:
873:Dromornithidae
868:
863:
861:
855:
853:
848:
846:
838:
807:
806:
803:
802:
798:
797:
794:
793:
789:
788:
785:
784:
780:
779:
776:
775:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
746:Gastornithidae
741:
736:
734:
728:
727:
724:
723:
715:
710:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
677:
672:
670:
662:
650:Gastornithidae
643:
642:
639:
638:
634:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
621:
620:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
602:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
563:
558:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
535:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
512:Gastornithidae
507:
502:
500:
494:
493:
490:
489:
475:
470:
468:
460:
403:Max Fürbringer
370:
369:Classification
367:
296:Dromornithidae
291:
290:
289:
288:
280:
272:
264:
246:
245:
239:
238:
229:Dromornithidae
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
142:
141:
133:
132:
124:
123:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6256:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6187:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6143:
6139:
6134:
6128:
6124:
6119:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6091:
6079:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6058:Odontornithes
6056:
6054:
6053:Odontognathae
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6021:
6015:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5782:Barawertornis
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5759:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5678:
5677:Anserimorphae
5674:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5666:Anserimorphae
5663:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5622:
5621:Palaeognathae
5618:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5610:Palaeognathae
5607:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5581:
5576:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5448:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5289:Tingmiatornis
5283:
5281:
5280:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5208:Antarcticavis
5202:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5152:Yanornithidae
5146:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5122:Songlingornis
5119:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5069:Longicrusavis
5066:
5064:
5063:
5062:Hongshanornis
5059:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4948:Mengciusornis
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4939:Schizoouridae
4933:
4927:
4926:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4723:Changzuiornis
4717:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4703:Brevidentavis
4697:
4695:
4694:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4618:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:Cretaaviculus
4240:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4121:Archaeopteryx
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4090:Yixianosaurus
4087:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:Fujianvenator
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:Epidexipteryx
3979:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3676:Beipiaosaurus
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3596:
3592:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3408:Heptasteornis
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3386:Alvarezsaurus
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:Achillesaurus
3368:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3289:Achillesaurus
3286:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1631:elephant bird
1628:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1560:
1552:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510: –
1509:
1505:
1504:Find sources:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1482:This section
1480:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1404:Patricia Rich
1401:
1397:
1396:Bullock Creek
1392:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1227:Barawertornis
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
990:
989:Anseranatidae
984:
983:
977:
976:
973:
972:
969:
967:
963:
954:
953:
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
936:
926:
925:
919:
918:
915:
914:
906:
905:
902:
900:
895:
889:
888:
885:
884:
881:
879:
874:
867:
866:
859:
858:
852:
851:
845:
842:
841:
837:
835:
831:
827:
826:
821:
816:
813:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
778:
777:
774:
772:
768:
761:
760:
757:
756:
753:
751:
747:
740:
739:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
720:Vegaviiformes
714:
713:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
697:
692:
687:
682:
676:
675:
669:
668:Anserimorphae
666:
665:
661:
659:
655:
651:
641:
640:
632:
631:
623:
622:
614:
613:
605:
604:
601:
599:
594:
589:
584:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
562:
561:
555:
554:
551:
550:
547:
545:
541:
534:
533:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
517:
513:
506:
505:
499:
498:Anserimorphae
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
486:
481:
474:
473:
467:
466:Odontoanserae
464:
463:
459:
457:
456:Anserimorphae
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
418:
412:
411:Gerard Krefft
408:
404:
399:
387:
376:
368:
366:
364:
363:
358:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:thunder birds
308:
305:
301:
297:
287:
286:
281:
279:
278:
273:
271:
270:
269:Barawertornis
265:
261:
256:
255:
250:
249:
247:
244:
240:
235:
230:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
152:
147:
143:
140:
139:
134:
130:
125:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
49:25–0.03
45:
41:
35:Dromornithids
33:
30:
19:
6102:
6068:Unenlagiidae
5993:
5986:
5978:
5971:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5930:Odontopteryx
5928:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5840:
5839:
5832:
5824:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5772:
5756:
5746:
5736:
5719:
5657:Galloanserae
5644:
5531:Lamarqueavis
5529:
5524:Cimolopteryx
5522:
5515:
5492:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5463:Australornis
5461:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5386:
5381:Pasquiaornis
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5317:
5310:
5287:
5277:
5267:
5257:
5247:
5237:
5227:
5217:
5206:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5135:
5127:
5120:
5114:Piscivoravis
5112:
5104:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5029:
5021:
5014:
4993:Patagopteryx
4991:
4983:
4976:
4953:
4946:
4923:
4913:
4905:Xinghaiornis
4903:
4892:
4882:
4872:
4862:
4854:Khinganornis
4852:
4842:
4832:
4824:Jiuquanornis
4822:
4812:
4802:
4792:
4782:
4773:Gargantuavis
4771:
4761:
4751:
4741:
4731:
4721:
4713:Changmaornis
4711:
4701:
4691:
4681:
4620:
4531:Jinguofortis
4529:
4522:
4515:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4448:
4441:
4415:
4384:Neimengornis
4382:
4375:
4369:Jixiangornis
4367:
4360:
4354:Dalianraptor
4352:
4328:
4317:
4306:
4296:
4288:Yandangornis
4286:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4244:
4233:
4223:
4187:Troodontidae
4176:Troodontidae
4133:
4128:Wellnhoferia
4126:
4119:
4111:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4045:
4040:Eosinopteryx
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3949:
3939:
3930:Palaeopteryx
3928:
3918:
3859:
3785:Pennaraptora
3764:
3757:
3750:
3745:Nothronychus
3743:
3736:
3729:
3724:Erlikosaurus
3722:
3717:Erliansaurus
3715:
3697:Suzhousaurus
3695:
3690:Martharaptor
3688:
3683:Enigmosaurus
3681:
3674:
3667:
3643:
3636:
3630:Fukuivenator
3628:
3621:
3615:Eshanosaurus
3613:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3551:Albertonykus
3549:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:Ceratonykini
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3469:Nemegtonykus
3467:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3369:
3345:
3339:Tugulusaurus
3337:
3330:
3323:
3318:Haplocheirus
3316:
3309:
3302:
3294:
3287:
3257:
3249:Migmanychion
3247:
3236:
3227:Fukuivenator
3225:
3214:
3070:
3061:
3052:
2959:
2955:
2935:
2931:
2906:
2902:
2880:(1): 21–29.
2877:
2873:
2832:
2826:
2800:
2794:
2769:
2763:
2754:
2750:
2724:
2715:
2711:
2686:
2680:
2676:
2651:
2647:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2581:(1): 21–29.
2578:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2382:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2304:
2300:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2200:(#1): 1–95.
2197:
2193:
2183:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2146:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2037:
2033:
2002:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1835:
1817:Fossil birds
1801:
1781:
1774:Early Eocene
1764:deposits at
1759:
1744:
1741:Distribution
1732:
1730:
1722:Bullockornis
1721:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1678:
1670:
1657:
1655:
1646:
1634:
1624:
1598:
1590:
1576:
1555:
1546:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1503:
1491:Please help
1486:verification
1483:
1440:
1435:
1432:Bullockornis
1431:
1427:Bullockornis
1426:
1423:Bullockornis
1422:
1414:
1408:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1373:
1362:
1358:Richard Owen
1347:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1308:
1291:
1277:
1267:
1253:
1239:
1225:
1211:
1197:
1190:
1181:
1171:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1007:
987:
957:
933:
929:
892:
872:
870:
844:Anseriformes
830:Anseriformes
823:
817:
814:
811:
766:
764:
743:
717:
681:Anseriformes
679:
654:Galloanserae
647:
585:(waterfowl)
583:Anseriformes
581:
565:
539:
537:
509:
477:
453:
445:Anseriformes
432:
428:
422:
414:
407:W. B. Clarke
372:
360:
354:
347:galloanseres
314:
310:
306:
299:
295:
294:
283:
275:
267:
252:
228:
216:Galloanserae
212:Superorder:
199:
136:
29:
6127:Wikispecies
5965:Proceriavis
5937:Odontoptila
5893:Gigantornis
5803:Ilbandornis
5738:Asteriornis
5479:Neogaeornis
5429:Hesperornis
5360:Chupkaornis
5312:Ichthyornis
5137:Yixianornis
5083:Tianyuornis
5031:Palintropus
4978:Alamitornis
4864:Meemannavis
4834:Juehuaornis
4753:Eogranivora
4693:Bellulornis
4517:Chongmingia
4267:Overoraptor
4257:Fukuipteryx
3920:Imperobator
3759:Segnosaurus
3524:Ceratonykus
3483:Parvicursor
3454:Khulsanurus
3447:Jaculinykus
3415:Patagonykus
3325:Patagonykus
3259:Yaverlandia
3199:Maniraptora
3186:Maniraptora
3145:Maniraptora
3024:Maniraptora
2448:: 93––103.
2245:(#87): 87.
1955:Gerald Mayr
1766:Riversleigh
1465:Description
1255:Ilbandornis
1089:Ilbandornis
896:(screamers)
875:(mihirungs)
449:Galliformes
331:Pleistocene
315:demon ducks
298:, known as
277:Ilbandornis
44:Pleistocene
6203:Categories
6036:See also:
5958:Pelagornis
5826:Brontornis
5633:Neognathae
5552:see below↓
5517:Ceramornis
5487:Polarornis
5454:Vegaviidae
5422:Fumicollis
5388:Potamornis
5374:Judinornis
5367:Enaliornis
5191:Ornithurae
5161:Abitusavis
4955:Schizooura
4915:Yumenornis
4874:Platanavis
4844:Kaririavis
4794:Horezmavis
4733:Chaoyangia
4662:Euornithes
4649:Euornithes
4586:see below↓
4577:Euornithes
4524:Cratonavis
4400:Pygostylia
4377:Kompsornis
4362:Jeholornis
4298:Zhongornis
4225:Alcmonavis
4113:Alcmonavis
4083:Xiaotingia
4076:Serikornis
4019:Anchiornis
3975:Ambopteryx
3829:see below↓
3669:Alxasaurus
3558:Linhenykus
3542:Mononykini
3531:Xixianykus
3490:Qiupanykus
3476:Ondogurvel
3440:Dzharaonyx
3401:Bradycneme
3379:Alnashetri
3154:see below↓
3057:Dinosauria
2938:: 375–378.
2903:Alcheringa
2874:Alcheringa
2648:Alcheringa
2640:References
2526:(3): 124.
2307:(3): 124.
1985:Tjapwuring
1805:glaciation
1798:Extinction
1770:Queensland
1753:. At some
1699:crocodiles
1643:Locomotion
1609:breastbone
1519:newspapers
1354:Peak Downs
1283:Rich, 1979
1273:Rich, 1979
1259:Rich, 1979
1245:Rich, 1979
1231:Rich, 1979
1217:Rich, 1979
1177:Owen, 1872
568:Vegaviidae
304:Tjapwuring
234:Fürbringer
6063:Sauriurae
6043:Carinatae
5879:Cyphornis
5865:Aequornis
5834:Gastornis
5796:Genyornis
5789:Dromornis
5346:Baptornis
5279:Limenavis
5259:Iaceornis
5249:Guildavis
5239:Gallornis
5229:Cerebavis
5219:Apatornis
5023:Apsaravis
5016:Ambiortus
4985:Kuszholia
4450:Sapeornis
4277:Rahonavis
4069:Pedopenna
3951:Rahonavis
3623:Falcarius
3565:Mononykus
3517:Albinykus
3347:Xiyunykus
3216:Elopteryx
3133:Theropoda
3118:Theropoda
3066:Theropoda
3040:Kingdom:
2978:1932-8486
2603:0311-5518
2520:Diversity
2464:181496834
2301:Diversity
2167:: 15–25.
1734:Genyornis
1726:thylacine
1715:Dromornis
1621:cassowary
1451:trackways
1436:Dromornis
1415:Genyornis
1411:vertebrae
1389:Genyornis
1374:In 1892,
1360:in 1872.
1332:Genyornis
1322:Discovery
1293:Genyornis
1156:Dromornis
1134:Genyornis
1105:ostriches
1085:cassowary
935:Conflicto
894:Anhimidae
834:screamers
441:waterfowl
429:Dromornis
327:Oligocene
317:, were a
300:mihirungs
285:Genyornis
254:Dromornis
169:Kingdom:
163:Eukaryota
117:Possible
40:Oligocene
6112:Wikidata
6078:Category
5886:Dasornis
5758:Qinornis
5415:Canadaga
5353:Brodavis
5175:Yanornis
5129:Yanornis
5106:Hollanda
4804:Iteravis
4784:Hollanda
4743:Dingavis
4494:Yangavis
4418:Proornis
4062:Ostromia
4026:Aurornis
3572:Shuvuuia
3304:Bannykus
3048:Chordata
3046:Phylum:
3042:Animalia
2986:37314297
2865:45643228
2857:11397939
2757:: 1–190.
2718:: 51–97.
2374:35609205
2275:13246547
2267:28988276
2224:18784798
2130:16240103
2072:29134094
2000:(1888).
1904:27027304
1864:PLOS ONE
1811:See also
1747:Tasmania
1549:May 2024
1298:Stirling
1009:Anatidae
947:Anseres
860:Anhimae
433:Dromaeus
424:Dinornis
417:Dromaeus
386:dromaios
380:δρομαίος
329:through
222:Family:
183:Chordata
179:Phylum:
173:Animalia
159:Domain:
18:Mihirung
6160:4851589
6147:4434100
6118:Q855948
5900:Laornis
5646:Neoaves
5494:Vegavis
5319:Janavis
4894:Wyleyia
4204:Avialae
4033:Caihong
3899:Paraves
3886:Paraves
3820:Paraves
2911:Bibcode
2882:Bibcode
2837:Bibcode
2828:Science
2805:Bibcode
2774:Bibcode
2703:9880249
2682:Science
2656:Bibcode
2583:Bibcode
2365:9995833
2342:Bibcode
2247:Bibcode
2215:2517308
2138:9453177
2110:Bibcode
2063:5666277
2042:Bibcode
1895:4814122
1872:Bibcode
1636:Vorombe
1613:sternum
1533:scholar
1446:chunks.
1400:Alcoota
1207:, 1979)
1073:Species
437:ratites
343:ratites
335:extinct
325:of the
302:(after
189:Class:
6173:100814
5471:Maaqwi
5269:Kookne
4884:Vorona
4763:Gansus
4235:Balaur
3238:Kakuru
2984:
2976:
2863:
2855:
2731:
2701:
2601:
2462:
2372:
2362:
2273:
2265:
2222:
2212:
2136:
2128:
2070:
2060:
1961:, 2009
1945:(2001)
1943:et al.
1932:(1999)
1930:et al.
1902:
1892:
1695:caveat
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1193:, 2016
1191:et al.
1188:Worthy
1163:, 1872
820:Worthy
377:words
243:Genera
236:, 1888
121:record
119:Eocene
6186:39290
6168:IRMNG
3296:Aorun
3071:Clade
3062:Clade
3053:Clade
2861:S2CID
2747:(PDF)
2460:S2CID
2271:S2CID
2134:S2CID
1828:Notes
1540:JSTOR
1526:books
431:with
398:ornis
392:ὀρνις
375:Greek
341:(the
323:birds
319:clade
200:Clade
6155:GBIF
5922:Manu
5698:see
5675:see
5619:see
4563:see
4185:see
4159:see
3806:see
3131:see
3104:see
2982:PMID
2974:ISSN
2853:PMID
2729:ISBN
2699:PMID
2599:ISSN
2504:2016
2370:PMID
2334:PNAS
2263:PMID
2220:PMID
2126:PMID
2068:PMID
1900:PMID
1749:and
1675:Diet
1611:(or
1601:emus
1512:news
1398:and
1378:and
1205:Rich
1161:Owen
1097:and
421:and
409:and
260:type
193:Aves
57:PreꞒ
6142:EoL
3461:Kol
2964:doi
2960:306
2919:doi
2890:doi
2845:doi
2833:292
2813:doi
2796:Emu
2782:doi
2765:Emu
2755:184
2691:doi
2687:283
2664:doi
2591:doi
2528:doi
2450:doi
2446:330
2405:doi
2360:PMC
2350:doi
2338:119
2309:doi
2255:doi
2243:104
2210:PMC
2202:doi
2198:149
2169:doi
2118:doi
2058:PMC
2050:doi
1890:PMC
1880:doi
1639:).
1605:moa
1603:or
1495:by
451:).
313:or
6205::
6183::
6170::
6157::
6144::
6129::
6114::
3996:Yi
3073::
3064::
3055::
2980:.
2972:.
2958:.
2954:.
2936:36
2934:.
2917:.
2905:.
2888:.
2878:20
2876:.
2859:.
2851:.
2843:.
2831:.
2811:.
2801:74
2799:.
2780:.
2770:76
2768:.
2753:.
2749:.
2716:31
2714:.
2697:.
2685:.
2662:.
2652:22
2650:.
2597:.
2589:.
2579:20
2577:.
2573:.
2542:^
2524:13
2522:.
2518:.
2458:.
2444:.
2440:.
2419:^
2401:36
2399:.
2395:.
2368:.
2358:.
2348:.
2336:.
2332:.
2305:13
2303:.
2299:.
2283:^
2269:.
2261:.
2253:.
2241:.
2218:.
2208:.
2196:.
2192:.
2163:.
2159:.
2132:.
2124:.
2116:.
2106:92
2104:.
2066:.
2056:.
2048:.
2038:11
2036:.
2032:.
2012:^
1957:,
1912:^
1898:.
1888:.
1878:.
1868:11
1866:.
1862:.
1844:^
1371:.
1367:,
458:.
395:,
383:,
202::
107:Pg
51:Ma
46:,
42:-
5983:?
5968:?
5925:?
5903:?
5853:†
5844:?
5829:?
5814:†
5770:†
5761:?
5754:†
5744:†
5734:†
5534:?
5505:†
5482:?
5474:?
5466:?
5451:†
5330:†
5300:†
5285:†
5275:†
5265:†
5255:†
5245:†
5235:†
5225:†
5215:†
5211:?
5204:†
5149:†
5140:?
5132:?
5117:?
5109:?
5094:†
5043:†
5034:?
5026:?
5004:†
4988:?
4966:†
4936:†
4921:†
4911:†
4901:†
4897:?
4890:†
4880:†
4870:†
4860:†
4850:†
4840:†
4830:†
4820:†
4810:†
4800:†
4790:†
4780:†
4776:?
4769:†
4759:†
4749:†
4739:†
4729:†
4719:†
4709:†
4699:†
4689:†
4679:†
4551:†
4505:†
4461:†
4435:?
4430:†
4420:"
4416:"
4413:†
4372:?
4357:?
4342:†
4333:?
4326:†
4322:?
4315:†
4311:?
4304:†
4294:†
4284:†
4280:?
4273:†
4263:†
4253:†
4249:?
4242:†
4238:?
4231:†
4221:†
4173:†
4147:†
4138:?
4116:?
4101:†
4057:?
4007:†
3967:?
3962:†
3947:†
3937:†
3933:?
3926:†
3916:†
3794:†
3633:?
3618:?
3599:†
3464:?
3418:?
3396:?
3374:?
3342:?
3299:?
3272:†
3262:?
3255:†
3245:†
3241:?
3234:†
3230:?
3223:†
3219:?
3212:†
3016:e
3009:t
3002:v
2988:.
2966::
2925:.
2921::
2913::
2907:5
2896:.
2892::
2884::
2867:.
2847::
2839::
2819:.
2815::
2807::
2788:.
2784::
2776::
2737:.
2705:.
2693::
2670:.
2666::
2658::
2605:.
2593::
2585::
2536:.
2530::
2466:.
2452::
2413:.
2407::
2376:.
2352::
2344::
2317:.
2311::
2277:.
2257::
2249::
2226:.
2204::
2177:.
2171::
2165:9
2153:"
2140:.
2120::
2112::
2074:.
2052::
2044::
1906:.
1882::
1874::
1701:)
1693:(
1633:(
1595:.
1581:.
1562:)
1556:(
1551:)
1547:(
1537:·
1530:·
1523:·
1516:·
1489:.
1203:(
1091:(
959:†
931:†
871:†
765:†
744:†
718:†
566:†
538:†
510:†
478:†
443:(
419:"
415:"
282:†
274:†
266:†
262:)
258:(
251:†
226:†
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:Ꞓ
20:)
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