236:“College was not enough. Even 13 years underground and one and a half years in prison were not enough. I had to do video documentaries all over the Philippines for a few years, then take Philippine Studies formally and informally as well I finally got it. Without a vision, the people perish! That vision is God’s for the people of God, led by the children of God. Poetry is emotion expressed in unified rhythm, imagery and tension. What I cannot express of this vision in poetry, I must express in essay and story. Then pray that God will accept my paeans to Him, my plaints for and in behalf of my people.”
186:"By this time, Aguilar had already severed ties with the party and was questioning the proletariat, the party dogma, Christian dogma, and even the petty-bourgeoisie. Aguilar said she felt that everyone was “exploiting” everyone else. Thus, unlike the poems from the “Red Period”, the fight was not an outward struggle against the bigger forces of imperialism and feudalism, nor an inward struggle of the self through an ideological remolding. Rather the struggle was towards an individuation of meanings, wherein one struggles to be an individual above any form of social and collective organization."
40:." More broadly, she is also known for her leadership roles in the resistance against the authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos, and for her continued social activism in the years after Marcos was deposed, including the last phase of her activism which was strongly influenced with her beliefs after her 1990 conversion to Born Again christianity.
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Acknowledging that part of her life which began with her conversion marked a final chapter rather than a mere phase, she later labelled her literary works from this time as simply "period" in contrast to the previous "blue", "red", and "purple" periods. University of the
Philippines academic reviewer
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Despite her resignation from the underground movement, Aguilar was arrested in August 1984. She was accosted by men in several vans which stopped the jeepney she was riding, and then threw her onto the backseat of a waiting car. Based on their actions, she said she realized they probably did not yet
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early on in her involvement with the CPP, and the two were married through party rites in the mountains of
Isabela on May 5, 1971, and then getting a court marriage in Pasay City not long after. She had a son with Roque, who was seven years older than her. And he rented an apartment in their name in
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and Ramona
Deysolong. Her father was well known as a founding figure in the Community School Movement in the Philippines, and had been recognized in 1952 as the first Filipino recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award, and also the first recipient of the award under the cagtegory of Government Service.
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from 2000 to 2006. In 2013, she published her autobiographical novel "The Nine Deaths of M." as an ebook on Kindle. In 2021, she co-wrote volume 2 of "A History of the
University of the Philippines," covering the years 1943 to 1975, alongsise Rosario Cruz-Lucero, Ruth Pison, and Alexander Dacanay.
199:
Aguilar's time as a political detainee ended in 1996 when Marcos was deposed by the People Power
Revolution, and her release marked a period of discovery which led to her conversion to Born Again Christianity in 1990, which would be a defining influence on her as a writer, as an activist, and as a
853:
Wall
Tappings: An International Anthology of Women's Prison Writings, 200 to the Present. 2nd ed. Judith A. Scheffler, ed. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 2002. (“Haikus in Solitary Confinement,” “Prison,” “As the Dust,” “Lizard in Bicutan,” “Pigeons for my Son,”
96:
In her poetry anthology "Journey: An
Autobiography in Verse (1964-1995)," Aguilar described her writings from 1971 to 1984 as being part of her "red period," because it was a time when she was actively involved in the underground resistance against the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.
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During this time, she became a videographer, and produced, wrote, and directed almost 50 videos on subjects ranging from community organizations to regional cultures and good manners for government employees. She eventually also designed websites, describing herself as a "webweaver."
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During this time, however, Aguilar continued to write, and she later described her writings from her time in prison as being part of her "purple period," and labeled it as a period where "the questions start." University of the
Philippines critic Mary Grace R. Concepcion notes that:
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Aguilar became a Born Again
Christian in 1990, significantly reframing both her literary work and her social activism for the rest of her life. She famously reinterpreted her pseudonym Clarita Roja, which means "clear red," to be a reference to the redeeming
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Mary Grace R. Concepcion notes that
Aguilar's periodization of her works in this way in the 1995 poetry collection "Journey: An Autobiography in Verse (1964-1995)" acknowledges that her "progression of self-awareness therefore ends with god and religion."
152:
Aguilar resigned from the Communist Party of the Philippines after the 1983 assassination of Ninoy Aquino. She had written a leaflet expressing sympathy for Aquino which the Central Committee rejected, and Aguilar resigned because of the disagreement.
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Immediately after graduating, Aguilar began her career by teaching at the UP Diliman Department of English and Comparative Literature. She also wrote for Philippines Graphic from 1969 to 1971, working alongside Amadis Ma. Guerrero and Petronilo Daroy.
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BF homes in Parañaque. But she barely stayed in the house, focusing on her duties as a driver for the underground movement. She was deeply distressed that they had to leave their son with Aguilar's mother to keep him safe.
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Some of her friends formed the Free Mila D. Aguilar Committee, and they published a collection of the works she had written in prison, titled "Why Cage Pigeons?" to help raise funds for her and lobby for her release.
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assigned as a driver plying the route between Manila and Isabela, and then later found herself assuming several top positions in the organization, including head of the Regional United Front Commission of
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Describing at a 2012 book launching how her writing and social engagement was affected by her conversion experience, and explaining her intention to write more essays and stories, Aguilar said:
458:"Assertions of Truth Through Modes of Fact and Fiction: Texts and Paratexts and the "Autobiographical Pact" in Lualhati Abreu's Agawdilim, Agaw-liwanag and Mila Aguilar's The Nine Deaths of M"
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She finally joined the underground movement against Marcos in 1971 when Marcos used the Plaza Miranda bombing as a reason to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.
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when she was assigned by the Graphic to cover the ND youth and student movement, which meant covering the various pickets and demonstrations, particularly the
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Concepcion, Mary Grace R. (2017). "Framing the revolution: Mila Aguilar's poetry of transformation in Journey: An Autobiography in Verse (1964-1995)".
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Aguilar was released from Prison in 1986, after the People Power Revolution. After her release, returned to teaching at St Joseph's College.
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Roque was eventually killed in May 1981 when he was shot while trying to warn fellow activists that their safehouse was about to be raided.
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Santiago, L. 2002. In the Name of the Mother: 100 Years of Philippine Feminist Poetry. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
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By this time, Aguilar had become Assistant Director at St. Joseph's College, and she continued in that role until her arrest in 1984.
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poet, novelist, essayist, activist, educator, website designer, and video documentarian. Writing under the nom de guerre
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Dark Memories of Torture, Incarceration, Disappeareance, and Death under Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr.'s Martial Law
79:, Sunday Times Magazine and the Philippines Graphic while studying, and finally earning her diploma in 1969.
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A Comrade is as Precious as a Rice Seedling (New York 1984, 1985 and 1987; also in Braille, Womyn's Series)
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Over the course of the next 13 years, she started out as an ordinary member of the
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The Mass Line (A Second Remoulding) (Manila 1977) using nom de guerre Clarita Roja
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Journey: An Autobiography in Verse (1964-1995) (U of the Philippines Press 1996)
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Dare to Struggle, Dare to Win! (Manila 1974) using nom de guerre Clarita Roja
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in 1996. The poems in this collection were culled from six books printed in
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Aguilar returned to teaching at the UP Diliman Department of English and
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the best known poet in the underground movement during the Marcos Regime
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Chronicle of a Life Foretold: 110 Poems (1995-2004) (Popular Bookstore)
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was published in 2012 by Popular Bookstore, and two more collections
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Mila D. Aguilar was born in Iloilo in 1949, the youngest daughter of
854:“Freed Pigeon I Shall Be,” pp 22–27, with introduction to the poet.)
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290:), as well as from her writing in subsequent years up to 1995.
704:"Martial law survivor Mila Aguilar: Never give up democracy"
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On October 13, 2023, Aguilar passed away at the age of 74.
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Filipino Women Writers in English: Their Story, 1905-2002
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As a poet, she has written about 400 poems in English,
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Chronicle of a Life Foretold: 101 Poems (1995-2005)
43:As a writer she is best known for the poetry books
427:"From an old poet to a young novelist (and back)"
166:Political detainees under the Marcos dictatorship
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358:Manguerra-Brainard, Cecilia (October 18, 2023).
208:People Power Revolution and release from prison
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53:Journey: An Autobiography in Verse (1964-1995)
456:Concepcion, Mary Grace (September 20, 2022).
311:Pall Hanging over Manila (San Francisco 1984)
8:
833:Josephine Bass Serrano, Trinidad Maño Ames,
75:, writing poetry which was published in the
682:"Magtanggol Roque - Bantayog ng mga Bayani"
288:A Comrade is as Precious as a Rice Seedling
195:Release, conversion, and continued activism
49:A Comrade is as Precious as a Rice Seedling
835:A Survey of Filipino Literature in English
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298:and an untitled book, remain unpublished.
71:She studied English and Humanities at the
36:, she is best remembered for having been "
850:, Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2003
843:, Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2005
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708:Philippine Daily Inquirer YouTube Account
652:"Martial law veterans call for vigilance"
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171:know that she had resigned from the CPP.
735:"Poet, activist Mila Aguilar dies at 74"
733:Leon, Marguerite de (October 15, 2023).
650:Enano, Jhesset O. (September 21, 2017).
394:Lolarga, Elisabeth (November 14, 2012).
105:Aguilar She first became exposed to the
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662:from the original on February 23, 2018
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396:"Comrade Mila and Sister Mila are one"
370:from the original on December 22, 2023
583:from the original on February 3, 2023
220:Conversion to Born Again Christianity
73:University of the Philippines Diliman
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406:from the original on January 3, 2024
280:University of the Philippines Press
859:Cultural Center of the Philippines
759:Tan, Michael L. (April 19, 2022).
425:Gloria, Glenda (January 2, 2017).
323:The Nine Deaths of M (Kindle 2013)
121:Communist Party of the Philippines
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107:National Democratic (ND) movement
32:during the dangerous days of the
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278:, a collection published by the
24:(1949 – October 13, 2023) was a
308:Why Cage Pigeons? (Manila 1984)
296:Poetry as Prophecy (2005-2013),
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360:"Farewell to a Caged Pigeon"
274:, about 125 of which are in
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863:Encyclopedia of the Arts
148:Resignation from the CPP
136:She met fellow activist
59:Early life and education
611:Rocamora, Rick (2023).
200:person moving forward.
92:Life in the underground
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811:Cite journal requires
579:. September 18, 2022.
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247:Comparative Literature
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65:Jose Vasquez Aguilar
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841:Philippine Studies
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