317:, "Thales, the founder of this school of philosophy , says the permanent entity is water (which is why he also propounded that the earth floats on water). Presumably he derived this assumption from seeing the nutriment of everything is moist, and that heat itself is generated from moisture and depends upon it for its existence (and that from which a thing is generated is always its first principle). He derived his assumption, then, from this; and also from the fact that the seeds of everything have a moist nature, whereas water is the first principle of the nature of moist things."
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461:. Some argue that this is probably only an attempt to connect Socrates with the Ionian school; others (e.g. Gomperz, Greek Thinkers) uphold the story. There is similar difference of opinion as regards the statement that Archelaus formulated certain ethical doctrines. In general, he followed Anaxagoras, but in his cosmology he went back to the earlier Ionians.
306:(c. 624 – c. 546 BCE) is regarded as the earliest Western philosopher. Before him, the Greeks explained the origin and nature of the world through myths of anthropomorphic gods and heroes. Phenomena like lightning and earthquakes were attributed to actions of the gods. By contrast, Thales attempted to find
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about the nature of the ultimate substance and claimed instead that everything is derived from the Greek classical element fire, rather than from air, water, or earth. This led to the belief that change is real, and stability illusory. For
Heraclitus "Everything flows, nothing stands still." He is
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explanations of the world, without reference to the supernatural. He explained earthquakes by imagining that the Earth floats on water, and that earthquakes occur when the Earth is rocked by waves. Thales' most famous belief was his cosmological doctrine, which held that the world originated from
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265:. They seemed to think although matter could change from one form to another, all matter had something in common which did not change. They were thus characterized by Aristotle as material
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367:(Greek: Ἀναξιμένης ὁ Μιλήσιος; c. 585 – c. 528 BCE), like others in his school of thought, practiced material monism and believed that air is the
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This article is about the ancient Greek school of thought. For other uses, see
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Greek philosophy centred in
Miletus, Ionia in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE
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to explain themselves, and are thus credited as the first philosophers.
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Explaining the Cosmos: The Ionian
Tradition of Scientific Philosophy
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in the 6th century B.C, the first in the
Western tradition.
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457:(Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 23) to have been the teacher of
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divides pre-Socratic philosophy into the Ionian and
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706:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 353–363.
635:The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy
2105:Schools and traditions in presocratic philosophy
637:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 250–270.
143:Greek settlements in Asia Minor. Ionia in green.
702:. In Curd, Patricia; Graham, Daniel W. (eds.).
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704:The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy
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700:"Milesian Measures: Time, Space, and Matter"
269:. They also believed all was alive, or were
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173:The Ionian school included such thinkers as
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197:. This classification can be traced to the
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257:and are collectively referred to as the
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226:. They are sometimes referred to as
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
792:Ancient Greek schools of philosophy
747:"Ionian School of Philosophy"
731:"Ionian School of Philosophy"
677:Graham, Daniel W. (6 August 2006).
582:A Beginner's History of Philosophy
471:History of metaphysical naturalism
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76:"Ionian school" philosophy
52:needs additional citations for
683:. Princeton University Press.
315:Aristotle wrote in Metaphysics
32:Ionian school (disambiguation)
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631:"The beginnings of cosmology"
481:Thales_of_Miletus#Mathematics
563:From Religion to Philosophy
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604:Aristotle. "Book I 983b".
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652:Barnes, Jonathan (2002).
1631:Alexander of Aphrodisias
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633:. In Long, A. A. (ed.).
1740:Lucius Annaeus Cornutus
1473:Thrasymachus of Corinth
1151:Metrodorus of Lampsacus
753:Encyclopædia Britannica
654:"Diogenes of Apollonia"
442:Archelaus (philosopher)
418:(Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας) of
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1397:Aristippus the Younger
659:Early Greek Philosophy
629:Algra, Keimpe (1999).
607:Aristotle, Metaphysics
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476:Mechanism (philosophy)
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365:Anaximenes of Miletus
360:Anaximenes of Miletus
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1808:Diogenes of Oenoanda
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224:natural philosophers
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1932:Apollonius of Tyana
1879:Philo of Alexandria
1682:Agrippa the Skeptic
1621:Strato of Lampsacus
517:. Daniel W. Graham.
204:. The doxographer
2007:Plutarch of Athens
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1962:Neoplatonist
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1677:Aenesidemus
1650:Hellenistic
1598:Peripatetic
1516:Clinomachus
1354:Antisthenes
968:Pythagorean
919:Heraclitean
904:Anaximander
821:Seven Sages
662:. Penguin.
530:Metaphysics
527:Aristotle,
390:Hērakleitos
332:Anaximander
327:Anaximander
321:Anaximander
240:cosmogonies
219:physiologoi
199:doxographer
179:Anaximander
2099:Categories
2032:Simplicius
1997:Iamblichus
1942:Nicomachus
1831:Arcesilaus
1798:Philodemus
1788:Metrodorus
1730:Posidonius
1720:Chrysippus
1659:Pyrrhonist
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1551:Panthoides
1392:Aristippus
1295:Euthydemus
1232:Protagoras
1205:Democritus
1168:Empedocles
1141:Anaxagoras
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1069:Xenophanes
1026:Hermotimus
976:Pythagoras
927:Heraclitus
909:Anaximenes
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806:Epimenides
544:Farrington
420:Clazomenae
416:Anaxagoras
411:Anaxagoras
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398:Pythagoras
386:Heraclitus
381:Heraclitus
375:Heraclitus
354:Anaximenes
271:hylozoists
191:Anaxagoras
187:Heraclitus
183:Anaximenes
155:refers to
87:newspapers
2065:Favorinus
2027:Damascius
1869:Antiochus
1836:Carneades
1803:Lucretius
1775:Epicurean
1750:Epictetus
1725:Panaetius
1715:Cleanthes
1606:Aristotle
1531:Dionysius
1526:Euphantus
1478:Eubulides
1440:Menedemus
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1318:Classical
1285:Lycophron
1280:Callicles
1200:Leucippus
1178:Pausanias
1146:Archelaus
1125:Pluralist
1021:Calliphon
1006:Brontinus
986:Philolaus
854:Cleobulus
849:Periander
451:Arkhelaos
447:Archelaus
436:Archelaus
279:mythology
214:Aristotle
195:Archelaus
2012:Syrianus
1992:Porphyry
1980:students
1975:Plotinus
1899:Alcinous
1894:Apuleius
1884:Plutarch
1783:Epicurus
1565:Platonic
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1468:Ichthyas
1455:Megarian
1427:Eretrian
1384:Cyrenaic
1369:Menippus
1359:Diogenes
1336:Xenophon
1330:students
1326:Socrates
1237:Prodicus
1102:Melissus
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1001:Alcmaeon
996:Lamiskos
991:Archytas
981:Hippasus
945:Diogenes
932:Cratylus
891:Milesian
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465:See also
459:Socrates
424:elements
275:religion
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2017:Proclus
1952:more...
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1061:Skeptic
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959:Italian
533:, 986b.
394:Ephesus
347:apeiron
311:water.
304:Miletus
267:monists
253:on the
251:Miletus
238:, gave
162:, or a
101:scholar
2070:Lucian
2002:Julian
1987:Origen
1846:Cicero
1755:Arrian
1735:Seneca
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1573:Plato
1541:Philo
1346:Cynic
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1173:Acron
1115:Hippo
834:Solon
487:Notes
392:) of
369:arche
341:arche
302:) of
263:arche
236:maths
232:stars
168:Ionia
166:, in
108:JSTOR
94:books
1097:Zeno
1041:Myia
1016:Damo
844:Bias
708:ISBN
685:ISBN
664:ISBN
639:ISBN
542:See
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