312:
shot and cannon in the days of
American innocence, or having dismantled the arsenals it did have, the government is forced to buy what it no longer can make. It becomes a monopsonistic buyer of products which are not yet designed or for which production experience is lacking. It buys at prices for which there is little precedent and hardly any yardsticks. It deals with contractors, a large percentage of whose business is locked into supplying defense, space, or atomic energy needs. It confronts powerful oligopolists in a market where technical capability rather than price is the controlling variable in an atmosphere shrouded by multilateral uncertainty and constant warnings about imminent aggression.
159:
674:(SIPRI), total world spending on military expenses in 2022 was $ 2,240 billion. 39% of this total, or $ 837 billion, was spent by the United States. China was the second largest spender, with $ 292 billion and 13% of the global share. The privatization of the production and invention of military technology also leads to a complicated relationship with significant research and development of many technologies. In 2011, the United States spent more (in absolute numbers) on its military than the next 13 countries combined.
612:
2468:
38:
254:
3699:
603:. A 1965 article written by Marc Pilisuk and Thomas Hayden says benefits of the military–industrial complex of the United States include the advancement of the civilian technology market as civilian companies benefit from innovations from the MIC and vice versa. In 1993, the Pentagon urged defense contractors to consolidate due to the fall of communism and a shrinking defense budget.
847:
225:, in his biography of Eisenhower, claims that, in one draft of the speech, the phrase was "military–industrial–congressional complex", indicating the essential role that the United States Congress plays in the propagation of the military industry, but the word "congressional" was dropped from the final version to appease the then-currently elected officials.
2473:
2472:
2469:
2474:
804:
Virtually all institutions in sectors ranging from agriculture, medicine, entertainment, and media, to education, criminal justice, security, and transportation, began reconceiving and reconstructing in accordance with capitalist, industrial, and bureaucratic models with the aim of realizing profit,
216:
We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals so
2475:
706:
pressures, the United States increased its market share, accounting for a whopping 53 percent of the trade that year. Last year saw the United States on pace to deliver more than $ 46 billion in foreign arms sales." The military and arms industry also tend to contribute heavily to incumbent members
681:
for the 2009 fiscal year was $ 515.4 billion. Adding emergency discretionary spending and supplemental spending brings the sum to $ 651.2 billion. This does not include many military-related items that are outside of the
Defense Department's budget. Overall, the U.S. federal government is spending
320:
wrote in 1987 that "were the Soviet Union to sink tomorrow under the waters of the ocean, the
American military–industrial complex would have to remain, substantially unchanged, until some other adversary could be invented."). The collapse of the USSR and the resultant decrease in global military
311:
Government not only permits and facilitates the entrenchment of private power but serves as its fountain-head. It creates and institutionalizes power concentrations which tend to breed on themselves and to defy public control... Lacking a network of government-owned arsenals, such as produced the
2471:
745:
government ties to heavy industry. It can be defined as, "an informal and changing coalition of groups with vested psychological, moral, and material interests in the continuous development and maintenance of high levels of weaponry, in preservation of colonial markets and in military-strategic
306:
employed the concept in their criticism of U.S. foreign policy, while other academics and policymakers found it to be a useful analytical framework. The MIC was often advanced as both a symptom and a cause of broader dynamics such as militarism, economic centralization, and the influence of the
208:
This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the
American experience. The total influence—economic, political, even spiritual—is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this
627:
In the third era, defense contractors either consolidated or shifted their focus to civilian innovation. From 1992 to 1997 there was a total of US$ 55 billion worth of mergers in the defense industry, with major defense companies purchasing smaller competitors.
185:
634:
Shifts in values and the collapse of communism have ushered in a new era for the military–industrial complex. The
Department of Defense works in coordination with traditional military–industrial complex aligned companies such as
812:
The concept of the military–industrial complex has been also expanded to include the entertainment and creative industries as well. For an example in practice, Matthew
Brummer describes Japan's Manga Military and how the
282:
that a democratically unaccountable class of military, business, and political leaders with convergent interests exercised the preponderance of power in the contemporary West. Some sociologists have also connected it to
261:
Attempts to conceptualize something similar to a modern "military–industrial complex" did exist before 1961, as the underlying phenomenon described by the term is generally agreed to have emerged during or shortly after
2258:, vol. LXVI, no. 12 (18 July 2019), pp. 23–24. "For many years, the United States has increasingly relied on military strength to achieve its foreign policy aims.... We are allocating too large a portion of the
551:
From 1797 to 1941, the government only relied on civilian industries while the country was actually at war. The government owned their own shipyards and weapons manufacturing facilities which they relied on through
1016:
3354:
2470:
316:
Although the MIC was bound up in its origins with the bipolar international environment of the Cold War, some contended that the MIC might endure under different geopolitical conditions (for example,
209:
development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government,
205:
A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction...
469:
752:
3183:
2976:
2890:
662:. There is also strong evidence that the United States federal government intentionally paid a higher price for these innovations to serve as a subsidy for civilian aircraft advancement.
631:
The U.S. domestic economy is now tied directly to the success of the MIC which has led to concerns of repression as Cold War-era attitudes are still prevalent among the
American public.
2844:
1024:
126:, but it has since been applied to similar arrangements in other countries and time periods. The phrase implies a commonality of interest and action between MIC actors that influences
3167:
690:
3413:
2880:
3092:
3059:
659:
3201:
595:
The second era is identified as beginning with the coining of the term by
President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This era continued through the Cold War period, up to the end of the
567:
to coordinate civilian industries and shift them into wartime production. Throughout World War II arms production in the United States went from around one percent of annual
221:
The phrase was thought to have been "war-based" industrial complex before becoming "military" in later drafts of
Eisenhower's speech, a claim passed on only by oral history.
2152:, vol. 338, no. 2029 (June 2019), pp. 61–67. "The military-industrial complex could be said to be concerned, exclusively, with self-preservation and expansion.... The
2239:
Lassman, Thomas C. "Putting the
Military Back into the History of the Military-Industrial Complex: The Management of Technological Innovation in the U.S. Army, 1945–1960",
1650:
Gholz, E. (January 6, 2011). "Eisenhower Versus the Spin-off Story: Did the Rise of the Military-Industrial Complex Hurt or Help America's Commercial Aircraft Industry?".
876:
2696:
184:
48:
1936:
671:
616:
1572:
Pilisuk, Marc; Hayden, Thomas (July 1965). "Is There a Military Industrial Complex Which Prevents Peace?: Consensus and Countervailing Power in Pluralistic Systems".
2772:
2763:
2654:
3438:
2606:
579:, maintained and expanded their defense divisions. These companies have gone on to develop various technologies that have improved civilian life as well, such as
530:
325:') did in fact lead to decreases in defense industrial output and consolidation among major arms producers, although global expenditures rose again following the
1950:
3458:
3443:
3381:
2875:
2849:
408:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3161:
2832:
2782:
288:
2870:
2777:
1188:
926:
871:
465:
455:
371:
1158:
3349:
1225:
3724:
3418:
3328:
3323:
3243:
3178:
2792:
2646:
413:
183:
2676:
2666:
2627:
658:. The theory asserts that the technologies developed during the Cold War along with the financial backing of the military led to the dominance of
423:
139:
1076:
403:
60:
3376:
3344:
2536:
2484:
1730:
951:
678:
341:. Through to the present, the military-industrial complex has continued to be seen by many as an analytically sound and important concept.
3406:
3318:
3313:
824:
An alternative term to describe the interdependence between the military-industrial complex and the entertainment industry is coined by
747:
445:
158:
294:
However, following its coinage in Eisenhower's address, the MIC became a staple of American political and sociological discourse. Many
237:
claims that it was originally "military–industrial–academic complex". The actual authors of the speech were Eisenhower's speechwriters
3230:
3005:
2839:
2758:
2599:
2424:
Sweetman, Bill, "In search of the Pentagon's billion dollar hidden budgets – how the US keeps its R&D spending under wraps", from
2401:
2202:
1862:
1504:
523:
418:
2038:
1550:
3366:
3126:
3104:
2681:
1894:
450:
82:
1686:
182:
3082:
2856:
198:
174:
163:
333:, as well as the more recent increase in geopolitical tensions associated with strategic competition between the United States,
3633:
3138:
3000:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2748:
2711:
2638:
2047:
791:
724:
211:
we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex
118:
Originally, the military-industrial complex referred to the nexus of defense contractors and policymakers that existed in the
3536:
3219:
3190:
2706:
2630:
2357:
2343:
2297:
2234:
2187:
2138:
2120:
2010:
1975:
921:
167:
150:(the network of organizations, facilities, and resources that supplies governments with defense-related goods and services).
3644:
2916:
1848:
773:
767:
728:
1607:
Moskos, Charles C. Jr. (April 1974). "The Concept of the Military-Industrial Complex: Radical Critique or Liberal Bogey?".
3729:
3702:
3499:
3371:
2592:
1254:
Griffin, Charles "New Light on Eisenhower's Farewell Address", in Presidential Studies Quarterly 22 (Summer 1992): 469–479
516:
835:
extended this appellation to Military-Industrial-Congressional-Intelligence-Media-Academia-Think-Tank complex, MICIMATT.
643:. Many former defense contractors have shifted operations to the civilian market and sold off their defense departments.
2741:
2259:
2254:
1193:
1042:
720:
2541:
3734:
3656:
866:
814:
131:
1108:
759:
Within decades of its inception, the idea of the military–industrial complex gave rise to the ideas of other similar
130:, and it is often applied in a critical or pejorative sense. Conceptually, it is closely related to the ideas of the
64:
1685:
Assis, Ana; Tian, Nan; Lopes da Silva, Diego; Liang, Xiao; Scarazzato, Lorenzo; Béraud-Sudreau, Lucie (April 2023).
307:
private sector over public policy. Writing in 1968, for example, one economist argued that, in the case of the MIC:
3739:
2909:
2031:
3423:
3293:
3143:
3070:
2959:
2726:
2701:
584:
2927:
3248:
3173:
3132:
3109:
3065:
2552:
1004:
946:
931:
2426:
1771:
1202:
3515:
3097:
3041:
2921:
2731:
2068:
1886:
1854:
779:
487:
147:
1233:
1127:
611:
3386:
2088:
655:
568:
135:
2503:
C. Wright Mills, Structure of Power in American Society, British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 9. No. 1 1958
3650:
3586:
3155:
3087:
3035:
2736:
2529:
936:
916:
896:
560:
2513:
2314:
504:
1911:
3616:
3574:
3463:
3433:
3391:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3207:
3075:
2947:
2615:
2561:
2148:
1878:
1827:
Pursell, C. (1972). The military–industrial complex. Harper & Row Publishers, New York, New York.
890:
651:
According to the military subsidy theory, the Cold War–era mass production of aircraft benefited the
615:
A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to
564:
440:
386:
326:
170:
104:
2499:, Features running daily, weekly and monthly defense spending totals plus Contract Archives section.
1789:
3744:
3598:
3396:
3053:
2898:
2721:
2686:
1847:, eds. (2011). "Introduction: Pathologies of Power and the Rise of the Global Industrial Complex".
580:
3610:
3148:
3047:
2787:
2579:
2570:
2271:
2249:
1632:
1475:
1436:
1389:
1342:
1307:
760:
716:
556:. With World War II came a massive shift in the way that the U.S. government armed the military.
1727:
2525:
2510:
On the military–industrial complex and the government–universities collusion – January 17, 1961
2431:
2156:
is not propelled by foreign wars. The wars are a consequence of the quest for bigger budgets."
3592:
3580:
3491:
3481:
3428:
3401:
3274:
3119:
2952:
2942:
2716:
2450:
2397:
2353:
2339:
2293:
2230:
2198:
2183:
2134:
2116:
2084:
2006:
1930:
1890:
1858:
1667:
1624:
1589:
1500:
1494:
1467:
1428:
1381:
1299:
1072:
941:
881:
376:
238:
543:
Some sources divide the history of the military–industrial complex into three distinct eras.
3568:
3556:
3544:
3507:
3453:
3195:
1694:
1659:
1616:
1581:
1420:
1373:
1334:
1291:
1131:
966:
901:
825:
797:
734:
640:
499:
366:
317:
230:
2375:
17:
3688:
3681:
3562:
3550:
3523:
3486:
3448:
3359:
2969:
2964:
2691:
2542:
Fifty Years After Eisenhower's Farewell Address, A Look at the Military–Industrial Complex
2507:
2389:
2365:
2266:, and yet not acquiring a forward-looking, twenty-first-century military built around new
2159:
2143:
1794:
1750:
1734:
997:
992:
980:
956:
911:
636:
460:
381:
284:
278:
273:
268:
226:
222:
229:
calls this a "stubborn misconception" not supported by any evidence; likewise a claim by
2519:
3604:
2981:
2546:
2393:
2289:
2153:
2130:
1810:
1585:
1524:
1166:
1096:
1009:
985:
852:
652:
576:
322:
299:
1071:. Studies / Council on Economic Priorities. New York: Council on Economic Priorities.
253:
3718:
3667:
3114:
2932:
2489:
2379:
2180:
The Future of War: Power, Technology and American World Dominance in the 21st Century
1844:
961:
785:
493:
330:
213:. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist.
127:
119:
112:
1409:"The Concept of the Military-Industrial Complex: Radical Critique or Liberal Bogey?"
1265:"Top 100 | Defense News, News about defense programs, business, and technology"
756:
in 1942, a study of how Nazism came into a position of power in a democratic state.
3662:
3018:
2267:
2263:
1746:
1377:
1295:
832:
600:
303:
263:
242:
234:
1714:
Plumer, Brad (January 7, 2013), "America's staggering defense budget, in charts",
1189:"Eisenhower; His farewell speech as President inaugurated the spirit of the 1960s"
2383:
257:
The 20 largest US defense contractors as of 2022 ranked by their defense revenue.
2988:
2419:
Grand Theft Pentagon: Tales of Corruption and Profiteering in the War on Terror.
2227:
Adventures in Porkland: How Washington Wastes Your Money and Why They Won't Stop
1840:
886:
818:
806:
733:
A thesis similar to the military–industrial complex was originally expressed by
596:
553:
295:
2311:
The War Economy of the United States: Readings in Military Industry and Economy
233:
that it was originally "military–industrial–scientific complex". Additionally,
3638:
2903:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2244:
2164:
1228:
The University in Chains: Confronting the Military–Industrial–Academic Complex
1029:
906:
842:
1671:
1628:
1593:
1471:
1432:
1385:
1325:
Riefler, Winfield W. (October 1947). "Our Economic Contribution to Victory".
1303:
3253:
2502:
2496:
703:
698:
686:
1951:"Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network"
2537:
Private Security Contractors at War: Ending the Culture of Impunity (2008)
2146:, "The Military-Industrial Virus: How bloated budgets gut our defenses",
2126:
Cochran, Thomas B., William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, Milton M. Hoenig,
2048:"Eisenhower's Warning: The Military–Industrial Complex Forty Years Later."
1264:
846:
2937:
1883:
Lethal But Legal: Corporations, Consumption, and Protecting Public Health
272:
article in a sense close to that it would later acquire, and sociologist
143:
123:
108:
2350:
When the Pentagon Was for Sale: Inside America's Biggest Defense Scandal
1663:
1346:
2584:
2445:
Diplomacy at the Brink, Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War
2438:
The American Warfare State: The Domestic Politics of Military Spending.
2058:
The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic
1479:
1455:
1393:
1361:
1311:
1279:
742:
1699:
1636:
1440:
1408:
746:
conceptions of internal affairs." An exhibit of the trend was made in
197:
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower originally coined the term in his
1521:
The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress.
1338:
1093:
The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress.
1017:
War Made Easy: How Presidents & Pundits Keep Spinning Us to Death
572:
334:
2516:
As delivered transcript and complete audio from AmericanRhetoric.com
2162:, "Why America Goes to War: Money drives the US military machine",
1620:
1424:
821:
that it engenders to shape domestic and international perceptions.
2994:
2466:
2286:...The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age
610:
338:
252:
180:
157:
2520:
William McGaffin and Erwin Knoll, The military–industrial complex
702:
reported, "Despite a decline in global arms sales in 2010 due to
3011:
2576:
Part 2 – Anniversary Discussion of Eisenhower's Farewell Address
2567:
Part 1 – Anniversary Discussion of Eisenhower's Farewell Address
2262:
to defense as compared to domestic needs accumulating too much
2588:
1456:"The Military-Industrial Complex and the New Industrial State"
620:
31:
1067:
Adams, Gordon; D'Onofrio, Christine; Sokoloff, Nancy (1981).
47:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2553:
Online documents, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
2220:
Arm in Arm: The Political Economy of the Global Arms Trade.
1523:
Congressional Research Service. October 12, 2023. Pp. 4-5.
1159:"Guest Post: 50 Years of the "Military–Industrial Complex""
809:, all these systems interrelate and reinforce one another.
2655:
Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
1362:"Institutional Origins of the Military-Industrial Complex"
1280:"Institutional Origins of the Military-Industrial Complex"
753:
Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism
682:
about $ 1 trillion annually on military-related purposes.
189:
Eisenhower's farewell address, January 17, 1961. The term
2977:
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954
2526:
The Cost of War & Today's Military Industrial Complex
2279:
America's War Machine: Vested Interests, Endless Conflict
2168:, vol. 313, no. 6 (20–27 September 2021), pp. 24–27.
1772:"Biden signs record $ 886 billion defense bill into law"
1025:
The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives
115:
that supplies it with weapons, equipment, and services.
56:
2447:, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 2014.
2106:
The Iron Triangle: The Politics of Defense Contracting
1069:
The iron triangle: the politics of defense contracting
571:
to 40 percent of GDP. Various U.S. companies, such as
3093:
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954
2067:, ed. John Whiteclay Chambers II, 440–442. Oxford:
2003:
Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War
1850:
The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination
1751:"The Trillion-Dollar Defense Budget Is Already Here"
1525:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47751
1128:"Papers shed light on Eisenhower's farewell address"
1097:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47751
3626:
3535:
3472:
3337:
3286:
3267:
3028:
2889:
2757:
2665:
2113:
Addicted to War: Why the U.S. Can't Kick Militarism
1811:"Defense goes all-in for incumbents - Jen DiMascio"
828:
as "Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network
266:. For example, a similar phrase was used in a 1947
3355:Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite
3168:President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
2732:Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany
2063:Kurth, James. "Military–Industrial Complex." In
1095:Congressional Research Service. October 12, 2023.
877:Top 100 Contractors of the U.S. federal government
103:) is a phrase originally coined by U.S. President
3060:U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
2558:50th Anniversary of Eisenhower's Farewell Address
2336:The Plutonium Business and the Spread of the Bomb
2304:Pentagon Capitalism: The Political Economy of War
2077:Nelson, Lars-Erik. "Military–Industrial Man." In
2065:The Oxford Companion to American Military History
619:. Note that this is not shown as a percentage of
3184:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
2370:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.
1691:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
672:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
217:that security and liberty may prosper together.
3202:Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act
2522:, An analysis of the phenomenon written in 1969
2277:McCartney, James and Molly Sinclair McCartney,
2022:Eisenhower, Dwight D. "Farewell Address." In
203:
2074:Mills, C. Wright."Power Elite", New York, 1956
1109:"President Dwight Eisenhower Farewell Address"
3444:Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)
3382:Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport
3299:Republican Party presidential primaries (1948
2600:
2195:American Exception: Empire and the Deep State
2005:, 144, London & New York: Longman, 1996,
524:
45:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
2329:The Pentagon: Politics, Profits and Plunder.
1935:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1687:"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022"
1551:"The End of the Military-Industrial Complex"
1496:At a Century's Ending: Reflections 1982–1995
805:growth, and other imperatives. According to
3162:People to People Student Ambassador Program
2938:Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization
2440:Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.
2252:, "America's Indefensible Defense Budget",
1835:
1833:
1152:
1150:
1148:
2886:
2607:
2593:
2585:
2412:The Arms Bazaar: From Lebanon to Lockheed.
872:List of countries by military expenditures
531:
517:
348:
3324:United States Presidential election (1952
2508:Dwight David Eisenhower, Farewell Address
1976:"Once We Were Allies; Then Came MICIMATT"
1698:
559:With the onset of World War II President
107:to describe the relationship between the
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Concept in military and political science
3419:Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center
3244:Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960
1499:. W.W. Norton and Company. p. 118.
298:–era activists and polemicists, such as
177:about the "military–industrial complex".
2213:The Political Economy of US Militarism.
2039:President Eisenhower's Farewell Address
1843:; Richard Kahn; Anthony J. Nocella II;
1059:
479:
432:
395:
358:
351:
291:notion of the "managerial revolution."
2514:Dwight D. Eisenhower, Farewell Address
2281:s. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2015.
1928:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
134:(the three-sided relationship between
2028:1961–1968: The Burdens of World Power
1232:. Paradigm Publishers. Archived from
1157:Ledbetter, James (January 25, 2011).
861:Economics of national defense efforts
7:
3377:Eisenhower Executive Office Building
3314:Republican National Convention (1952
2749:Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952
2060:, New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004
1187:Brinkley, Douglas (September 2001).
952:Project for the New American Century
679:military budget of the United States
287:concept of the "garrison state" and
3545:Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower
2427:Jane's International Defence Review
2215:New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006.
201:to the Nation on January 17, 1961:
3231:Student loans in the United States
3006:National Aeronautics and Space Act
2385:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
2331:New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1967
2081:47, no. 20 (December 21, 2000): 6.
1586:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1965.tb00506.x
1126:John Milburn (December 10, 2010).
25:
3367:Eisenhower National Historic Site
3127:Federal Voting Assistance Program
3105:Air Pollution Control Act of 1955
2682:1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy
2197:. New York: Skyhorse Publishing.
1790:America, arms-dealer to the world
927:Military–industrial–media complex
780:Pharmaceutical–industrial complex
3698:
3697:
3083:Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954
1910:Diplomat, Matthew Brummer, The.
1561:: 104–110 – via EBSCOhost.
845:
786:Entertainment-industrial complex
36:
3634:Eisenhower baseball controversy
3179:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
3139:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
3001:EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958
2712:People of Western Europe speech
2639:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
2457:, New York: Nation Books, 2006.
2178:Friedman, George and Meredith,
2128:U.S. Nuclear Warhead Production
2017:Public Papers of the Presidents
693:into law on December 22, 2023.
3220:National Defense Education Act
3191:Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957
2707:June 6, 1944, order of the day
2697:European Theater of Operations
2631:President of the United States
2175:, New York, Lyle Stuart, 1984.
1978:. consortium news. May 8, 2020
1378:10.1080/00213624.1988.11504790
1296:10.1080/00213624.1988.11504790
922:Military-entertainment complex
689:signed a record $ 886 billion
193:is used at 8:16. Length: 15:30
1:
3501:Backstairs at the White House
3372:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
3196:Little Rock Nine intervention
3088:Internal Revenue Code of 1954
2497:Militaryindustrialcomplex.com
2414:New York: Bantam Books, 1977.
2376:"Military-Industrial Complex"
2243:(2015) 106#1 pp. 94–120
1493:Kennan, George Frost (1997).
817:uses popular culture and the
798:Corporate consumption complex
3464:Other tributes and memorials
2742:European Advisory Commission
2255:The New York Review of Books
2222:New York: Basic Books, 1995.
1460:The American Economic Review
1043:List of industrial complexes
721:List of industrial complexes
466:Involvement in regime change
3725:Military–industrial complex
3657:Introduction to Outer Space
3645:And I don't care what it is
3459:Places named for Eisenhower
3042:Outer Continental Shelf Act
2863:Military–industrial complex
2421:Common Courage Press, 2005.
2374:Preble, Christoper (2008).
1912:"Japan: The Manga Military"
1407:Moskos, Charles C. (1974).
1224:Giroux, Henry (June 2007).
867:List of defense contractors
327:September 11 terror attacks
276:contended in his 1956 book
191:military–industrial complex
97:military–industrial complex
59:, discuss the issue on the
18:Military-Industrial Complex
3761:
2910:Korean Armistice Agreement
2881:Presidential Proclamations
2788:State of the Union Address
2647:Chief of Staff of the Army
2479:From the National Archives
1549:Lynn III, William (2017).
1366:Journal of Economic Issues
1360:Brunton, Bruce G. (1988).
1284:Journal of Economic Issues
1278:Brunton, Bruce G. (1988).
1008:(2005 documentary film by
792:Medical–industrial complex
725:Medical–industrial complex
714:
3676:
3424:Eisenhower Medical Center
3294:Draft Eisenhower movement
3144:Interstate Highway System
3071:National Wool Act of 1954
2960:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
2922:"Chance for Peace" speech
2702:Allied invasion of Sicily
2622:
1955:Routledge & CRC Press
774:Prison–industrial complex
768:Animal–industrial complex
729:Prison–industrial complex
321:spending (the so-called '
3495:(1949 television series)
3249:Civil Rights Act of 1960
3174:Civil Rights Act of 1957
3133:Bank Holding Company Act
3110:Agricultural Act of 1956
3066:Agricultural Act of 1954
2917:1953 Iranian coup d'état
2092:, Quadrangle Books, 1970
2079:New York Review of Books
2053:18, no. 1 (Spring 2001).
1855:Rowman & Littlefield
1574:Journal of Social Issues
947:Private military company
932:Military-digital complex
739:Fascism and Big Business
599:and the collapse of the
249:The MIC and the Cold War
3517:Ike: Countdown to D-Day
3098:Small Watershed Program
2309:Melman, Seymour, (ed.)
2211:Hossein-Zadeh, Ismael,
2069:Oxford University Press
2032:Encyclopædia Britannica
2015:Eisenhower, Dwight D.
1887:Oxford University Press
1037:Other complexes or axes
1020:(2007 documentary film)
942:National security state
660:U.S. aviation companies
647:Military subsidy theory
354:expansion and influence
148:defense industrial base
3387:Eisenhower Fellowships
2480:
2334:Patterson, Walter C.,
2327:Mollenhoff, Clark R.,
2288:, Basic Books, 1985, (
2284:McDougall, Walter A.,
2089:In the Name of Science
2037:Eisenhower, Dwight D.
1652:Enterprise and Society
1454:Adams, Walter (1968).
624:
314:
258:
219:
194:
178:
3651:Atoms for Peace Award
3587:Ida Stover Eisenhower
3583:(great-granddaughter)
3156:Fish and Wildlife Act
3036:Executive Order 10479
2845:Judicial appointments
2737:Disarmed Enemy Forces
2530:National Public Radio
2478:
2388:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
2338:, Sierra Club, 1984,
2024:The Annals of America
937:Military Keynesianism
917:Military-civil fusion
897:Government contractor
893:(formerly Blackwater)
748:Franz Leopold Neumann
691:defense spending bill
614:
561:Franklin D. Roosevelt
456:Foreign interventions
424:Military bases abroad
372:Territorial evolution
309:
256:
188:
161:
3730:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3617:Milton S. Eisenhower
3575:Mary Jean Eisenhower
3434:Eisenhower Golf Club
3392:Eisenhower Institute
3238:Hawaii Admission Act
3226:Federal Perkins Loan
3214:Humane Slaughter Act
3208:Alaska Statehood Act
3076:Special Milk Program
2616:Dwight D. Eisenhower
2562:Eisenhower Institute
2535:Human Rights First;
2417:St. Clair, Jeffery,
2396:. pp. 328–329.
2218:Keller, William W.,
2193:Good, Aaron (2022).
2051:World Policy Journal
2046:Hartung, William D.
1879:Nicholas Freudenberg
1778:. December 23, 2023.
974:Literature and media
761:industrial complexes
666:Current applications
581:night-vision goggles
565:War Production Board
419:Military deployments
331:global war on terror
171:Dwight D. Eisenhower
164:his farewell address
105:Dwight D. Eisenhower
65:create a new article
57:improve this article
3599:Edgar N. Eisenhower
3414:U.S. Postage stamps
3397:Eisenhower Monument
3054:Submerged Lands Act
2899:Eisenhower Doctrine
2722:Operation Veritable
2687:Louisiana Maneuvers
2436:Thorpe, Rebecca U.
2362:Pierre, Andrew J.,
2306:, McGraw Hill, 1970
2250:Mathews, Jessica T.
2001:DeGroot, Gerard J.
1889:. pp. 95–123.
1716:The Washington Post
1201:(6). Archived from
1115:. January 17, 1961.
815:Ministry of Defense
737:, in his 1936 book
607:Third (current) era
451:Non-interventionism
409:Military operations
3735:Military economics
3611:Earl D. Eisenhower
3439:Eisenhower Theater
3149:Highway Trust Fund
3048:Refugee Relief Act
2948:1955 Geneva Summit
2871:Kennedy transition
2727:Berlin Declaration
2580:Gettysburg College
2571:Gettysburg College
2544:– video report by
2532:, January 8, 2003.
2493:, December 3, 2011
2481:
2451:Weinberger, Sharon
2410:Sampson, Anthony,
2352:, Scribner, 1995,
2315:St. Martin's Press
2272:space technologies
2056:Johnson, Chalmers
2019:, 1035–1040. 1960.
1733:2012-01-07 at the
1236:on August 20, 2007
717:Industrial complex
625:
505:America's Backyard
259:
195:
179:
3740:Military industry
3712:
3711:
3689:John F. Kennedy →
3682:← Harry S. Truman
3593:Arthur Eisenhower
3581:Jennie Eisenhower
3511:(1979 miniseries)
3503:(1979 miniseries)
3493:Crusade in Europe
3482:Eisenhower jacket
3429:Eisenhower Trophy
3402:Eisenhower dollar
3276:Crusade in Europe
3263:
3262:
3120:Soil Bank Program
2953:1960 U-2 incident
2783:1957 inauguration
2778:1953 inauguration
2717:Normandy landings
2476:
2455:Imaginary Weapons
2443:Watry, David M.,
2320:Mills, C Wright,
2302:Melman, Seymour,
2274:." (p. 24.)
2229:, Villard, 1992,
2149:Harper's Magazine
2030:, 1–5. Chicago:
1799:January 24, 2012.
1700:10.55163/pnvp2622
1664:10.1093/es/khq134
1205:on March 23, 2006
1194:American Heritage
1078:978-0-87871-012-6
882:Corporate statism
696:In a 2012 story,
670:According to the
656:aircraft industry
541:
540:
377:American frontier
285:Harold Lasswell's
239:Ralph E. Williams
186:
142:bureaucracy, and
122:during the early
93:
92:
85:
67:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3752:
3701:
3700:
3569:Susan Eisenhower
3557:David Eisenhower
3454:Mount Eisenhower
2887:
2876:Executive Orders
2857:Farewell address
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2586:
2485:Khaki capitalism
2477:
2407:
2322:The Power Elite.
2208:
2160:Cockburn, Andrew
2144:Cockburn, Andrew
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1837:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1806:
1800:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1743:
1737:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1546:
1527:
1519:Nicastro, Luke.
1517:
1511:
1510:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1339:10.2307/20030091
1322:
1316:
1315:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1154:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1132:Associated Press
1123:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1099:
1091:Nicastro, Luke.
1089:
1083:
1082:
1064:
967:War profiteering
902:Marketing of war
855:
850:
849:
826:James Der Derian
711:Similar concepts
641:Northrop Grumman
563:established the
533:
526:
519:
500:American Century
404:Military history
367:Manifest destiny
349:
329:and the ensuing
318:George F. Kennan
231:Douglas Brinkley
199:Farewell Address
187:
173:famously warned
140:executive branch
113:defense industry
88:
81:
77:
74:
68:
40:
39:
32:
21:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3672:
3622:
3577:(granddaughter)
3571:(granddaughter)
3565:(granddaughter)
3563:Anne Eisenhower
3551:John Eisenhower
3531:
3487:Eisenhower Tree
3474:
3468:
3449:Fort Eisenhower
3333:
3282:
3259:
3029:Domestic policy
3024:
2970:Restricted Data
2965:Atoms for Peace
2943:New Look policy
2885:
2761:
2753:
2692:Operation Torch
2677:Military career
2668:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2626:
2618:
2613:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2404:
2373:
2366:Global Politics
2348:Pasztor, Andy,
2324:New York, 1956.
2205:
2192:
2182:, Crown, 1996,
2171:Colby, Gerard,
2111:Andreas, Joel,
2104:Adams, Gordon,
2100:
2098:Further reading
2095:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1857:. p. xvi.
1839:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1735:Wayback Machine
1726:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1609:Social Problems
1606:
1605:
1601:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1555:Foreign Affairs
1548:
1547:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1413:Social Problems
1406:
1405:
1401:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1327:Foreign Affairs
1324:
1323:
1319:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
998:C. Wright Mills
993:The Power Elite
981:War Is a Racket
971:
957:Rosoboronexport
912:Military budget
851:
844:
841:
731:
713:
668:
649:
637:Lockheed Martin
609:
593:
549:
537:
475:
461:Monroe Doctrine
428:
391:
382:Alaska Purchase
353:
352:History of U.S.
347:
289:James Burnham's
279:The Power Elite
274:C. Wright Mills
269:Foreign Affairs
251:
227:James Ledbetter
223:Geoffrey Perret
181:
156:
144:interest groups
89:
78:
72:
69:
54:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3605:Roy Eisenhower
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:Food for Peace
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2891:Foreign policy
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2550:
2547:Democracy Now!
2539:
2533:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2464:
2463:External links
2461:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2403:978-1412965804
2402:
2394:Cato Institute
2380:Hamowy, Ronald
2371:
2368:of Arms Sales.
2360:
2346:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2307:
2300:
2290:Pulitzer Prize
2282:
2275:
2260:federal budget
2247:
2237:
2225:Kelly, Brian,
2223:
2216:
2209:
2204:978-1510769137
2203:
2190:
2176:
2173:DuPont Dynasty
2169:
2157:
2154:defense budget
2141:
2131:Harper and Row
2124:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2085:Nieburg, H. L.
2082:
2075:
2072:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2035:
2020:
2013:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1967:
1942:
1902:
1895:
1870:
1864:978-0739136980
1863:
1829:
1820:
1809:Jen DiMascio.
1801:
1781:
1763:
1738:
1720:
1706:
1677:
1642:
1621:10.2307/799988
1615:(4): 498–512.
1599:
1564:
1528:
1512:
1506:978-0393316094
1505:
1485:
1466:(2): 652–665.
1446:
1425:10.2307/799988
1419:(4): 498–512.
1399:
1372:(2): 599–606.
1352:
1317:
1290:(2): 599–606.
1270:
1256:
1247:
1216:
1179:
1167:New York Times
1163:Schott's Vocab
1144:
1118:
1100:
1084:
1077:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:(2008 book by
1021:
1013:
1010:Eugene Jarecki
1001:
996:(1956 book by
989:
986:Smedley Butler
984:(1935 book by
976:
975:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
884:
879:
874:
869:
863:
862:
858:
857:
856:
853:Economy portal
840:
837:
802:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
712:
709:
667:
664:
648:
645:
608:
605:
592:
589:
577:General Motors
548:
545:
539:
538:
536:
535:
528:
521:
513:
510:
509:
508:
507:
502:
497:
490:
488:Exceptionalism
482:
481:
477:
476:
474:
473:
463:
458:
453:
448:
446:Foreign policy
443:
435:
434:
433:Foreign policy
430:
429:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
398:
397:
393:
392:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
361:
360:
356:
355:
346:
343:
323:peace dividend
300:Seymour Melman
250:
247:
168:U.S. President
155:
152:
91:
90:
51:of the subject
49:worldwide view
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3757:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3705:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3669:
3668:Kay Summersby
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:commemorative
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Soil Bank Act
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Domino theory
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2850:Supreme Court
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:The Economist
2486:
2483:
2482:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2292:for History)
2291:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2043:, Wikisource.
2042:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:. Vol. 18.
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1896:9780190495374
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1845:Peter McLaren
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1728:Gpoaccess.gov
1724:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1696:
1693:. Stockholm.
1692:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1580:(3): 67–117.
1579:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:(1): 90–103.
1332:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1217:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
994:
990:
987:
983:
982:
978:
977:
973:
972:
968:
965:
963:
962:Upward Spiral
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
892:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
860:
859:
854:
848:
843:
838:
836:
834:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
810:
808:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:, including:
762:
757:
755:
754:
749:
744:
740:
736:
735:Daniel Guérin
730:
726:
722:
718:
710:
708:
707:of Congress.
705:
701:
700:
694:
692:
688:
683:
680:
675:
673:
665:
663:
661:
657:
654:
646:
644:
642:
638:
632:
629:
622:
618:
613:
606:
604:
602:
598:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
546:
544:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
514:
512:
511:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
495:
494:Pax Americana
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
483:
478:
471:
470:Latin America
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
400:
399:
394:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
362:
357:
350:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
313:
308:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
255:
248:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
218:
214:
212:
206:
202:
200:
192:
176:
175:U.S. citizens
172:
169:
165:
160:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:iron triangle
129:
128:public policy
125:
121:
120:United States
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
87:
84:
76:
66:
62:
58:
52:
50:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3696:
3687:
3680:
3663:Eddie Slovik
3655:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3360:Boyhood home
3345:Bibliography
3275:
3019:Operation 40
2862:
2545:
2488:
2454:
2444:
2437:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2384:
2363:
2349:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2313:, New York:
2310:
2303:
2285:
2278:
2264:federal debt
2253:
2240:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2194:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2147:
2127:
2112:
2105:
2087:
2078:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2040:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2002:
1980:. Retrieved
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1919:. Retrieved
1916:The Diplomat
1915:
1905:
1882:
1873:
1849:
1823:
1814:
1804:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1747:Robert Higgs
1741:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1690:
1680:
1658:(1): 46–95.
1655:
1651:
1645:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1520:
1515:
1495:
1488:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1259:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1227:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1198:
1192:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1162:
1135:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1103:
1092:
1087:
1068:
1062:
1023:
1015:
1005:Why We Fight
1003:
991:
979:
833:Ray McGovern
829:
823:
811:
803:
758:
751:
741:, about the
738:
732:
704:recessionary
697:
695:
684:
676:
669:
650:
633:
630:
626:
601:Soviet Union
594:
558:
550:
542:
492:
414:List of wars
315:
310:
304:Noam Chomsky
293:
277:
267:
264:World War II
260:
243:Malcolm Moos
235:Henry Giroux
220:
215:
210:
207:
204:
196:
190:
117:
100:
96:
94:
79:
70:
46:
29:
3527:(2014 play)
3519:(2004 film)
2989:Suez Crisis
2657:(1943–1945)
2649:(1945–1948)
2641:(1951–1952)
2633:(1953–1961)
1921:January 22,
1841:Steven Best
1209:January 25,
1172:January 25,
1137:January 28,
887:Erik Prince
807:Steven Best
597:Warsaw Pact
554:World War I
441:Imperialism
387:Ceded lands
359:Colonialism
296:Vietnam War
73:August 2024
3745:Snowclones
3719:Categories
3639:Camp David
3559:(grandson)
3350:Birthplace
2904:Korean War
2773:Transition
2759:Presidency
2358:068419516X
2344:0871568373
2298:0801857481
2235:0679406565
2188:051770403X
2165:The Nation
2139:0887301258
2121:1904859011
2011:0582061385
1049:References
1030:Nick Turse
907:Militarism
715:See also:
685:President
591:Second era
396:Militarism
146:) and the
3619:(brother)
3613:(brother)
3607:(brother)
3601:(brother)
3595:(brother)
3287:Elections
3254:Sikes Act
1756:March 15,
1672:1467-2227
1629:0037-7791
1594:0022-4537
1472:0002-8282
1433:0037-7791
1386:0021-3624
1304:0021-3624
1054:Citations
687:Joe Biden
547:First era
154:Etymology
61:talk page
3703:Category
3589:(mother)
3525:Pressure
2928:Cold War
2764:timeline
2667:Military
2245:in JSTOR
2133:, 1987,
1960:July 12,
1931:cite web
1881:(2014).
1815:POLITICO
1731:Archived
1347:20030091
839:See also
750:'s book
653:civilian
480:Concepts
136:Congress
124:Cold War
111:and the
109:military
55:You may
3627:Related
3475:culture
3473:Popular
2840:Cabinet
2382:(ed.).
2317:, 1971.
2108:, 1981.
2071:, 1999.
2034:, 1968.
1995:Sources
1982:June 9,
1480:1831851
1394:4226018
1312:4226018
1240:May 16,
891:Academi
743:fascist
3547:(wife)
3537:Family
3338:Legacy
3278:(1948)
3256:(1960)
3240:(1959)
3224:1958;
3216:(1958)
3210:(1958)
3204:(1957)
3198:(1957)
3170:(1956)
3164:(1956)
3158:(1956)
3135:(1956)
3129:(1955)
3062:(1953)
3056:(1953)
3050:(1953)
3044:(1953)
3038:(1953)
3021:(1960)
3010:1958;
2997:(1958)
2991:(1956)
2924:(1953)
2908:1953;
2669:career
2432:online
2400:
2356:
2342:
2296:
2233:
2201:
2186:
2137:
2119:
2009:
1893:
1861:
1670:
1637:799988
1635:
1627:
1592:
1503:
1478:
1470:
1441:799988
1439:
1431:
1392:
1384:
1345:
1310:
1302:
1113:C-Span
1075:
727:, and
573:Boeing
337:, and
335:Russia
138:, the
3553:(son)
3329:1956)
3319:1956)
3309:1956)
3268:Books
2995:DARPA
2378:. In
2268:cyber
1795:Salon
1776:Axios
1633:JSTOR
1476:JSTOR
1437:JSTOR
1390:JSTOR
1343:JSTOR
1308:JSTOR
699:Salon
617:SIPRI
339:China
63:, or
3304:1952
3012:NASA
2833:1961
2828:1960
2823:1959
2818:1958
2813:1957
2808:1956
2803:1955
2798:1955
2793:1953
2628:34th
2398:ISBN
2390:Sage
2364:The
2354:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2270:and
2241:Isis
2231:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2117:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1984:2023
1962:2021
1937:link
1923:2016
1891:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1758:2007
1668:ISSN
1625:ISSN
1590:ISSN
1501:ISBN
1468:ISSN
1429:ISSN
1382:ISSN
1300:ISSN
1242:2011
1211:2011
1174:2011
1139:2011
1073:ISBN
889:and
677:The
639:and
583:and
575:and
345:Eras
302:and
241:and
95:The
3509:Ike
1792:",
1695:doi
1660:doi
1617:doi
1582:doi
1421:doi
1374:doi
1335:doi
1292:doi
819:moe
621:GDP
585:GPS
569:GDP
162:In
101:MIC
3721::
2578:–
2569:–
2560:–
2528:,
2487:,
2453:,
2430:,
2392:;
2115:,
1953:.
1933:}}
1929:{{
1914:.
1885:.
1853:.
1832:^
1813:.
1774:.
1749:.
1689:.
1666:.
1656:12
1654:.
1631:.
1623:.
1613:21
1611:.
1588:.
1578:21
1576:.
1559:93
1557:.
1553:.
1531:^
1474:.
1464:58
1462:.
1458:.
1435:.
1427:.
1417:21
1415:.
1411:.
1388:.
1380:.
1370:22
1368:.
1364:.
1341:.
1331:26
1329:.
1306:.
1298:.
1288:22
1286:.
1282:.
1199:52
1197:.
1191:.
1165:.
1161:.
1147:^
1130:.
1111:.
830:".
723:,
719:,
587:.
245:.
166:,
3647:"
3643:"
2865:"
2861:"
2766:)
2762:(
2608:e
2601:t
2594:v
2406:.
2207:.
2123:.
1986:.
1964:.
1939:)
1925:.
1899:.
1867:.
1817:.
1797:,
1788:"
1760:.
1703:.
1697::
1674:.
1662::
1639:.
1619::
1596:.
1584::
1509:.
1482:.
1443:.
1423::
1396:.
1376::
1349:.
1337::
1314:.
1294::
1267:.
1244:.
1230:"
1226:"
1213:.
1176:.
1141:.
1081:.
1032:)
1012:)
1000:)
988:)
800:.
794:;
788:;
782:;
776:;
770:;
623:.
532:e
525:t
518:v
472:)
468:(
99:(
86:)
80:(
75:)
71:(
53:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
