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through these standards: the country's budget was balanced, its debt was diminished, economic growth directed now toward the U.S.; infrastructure projects produced new roads that allowed the movement of military personnel across all the country's regions for the first time in history; a professional military organization that took away the power from local elites and made soldiers more loyal to the national government, the
Dominican Constabulary Guard, replaced the former partisan forces responsible for the civil war with groups under the control of U.S. Marines. The Constabulary Guard, later known as the National Guard, would persecute and torture those who opposed the occupation.
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possible moment by the artillery barrage. The
Marines came under heavy but inaccurate rifle fire, which caused some casualties. The Dominican soldiers were forced to retreat to their trenches on the second hill. They rallied there briefly, then broke and had to retreat again as the American field guns resumed their shelling of the hill. Within 45 minutes from the opening artillery shots, the Marines had forced the Dominicans to fall back. During the battle, five Marines were killed and four were wounded, and five Dominicans were killed. This engagement set the pattern for most Marine contact with the Dominican forces. Marines overpowered Dominicans with modern artillery,
64:
535:, where Juan Perez, a local governor and supporter of Arias, along with his followers, stood their ground and refused to surrender their weapons. Williams, in his capacity as district commander, initially sent a message demanding the governor's retreat from the fort and the release of prisoners. However, the Dominican governor allegedly defiantly scrawled "Come and get me!" across the ultimatum in reply. During the early hours of the following evening, Williams led a detachment of 12 marines in a surprise attack on the fort and stormed the gate, resulting in a
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constructed in just three hours, the makeshift bridge facilitated the transportation of heavy guns and trucks across the ravine. The first major engagement occurred on June 27, at Las
Trencheras, two ridges, which had been fortified by the Dominicans and long thought to be invulnerable, since a Spanish army had been defeated there in 1864. There the Dominican troops had dug trenches on two hills, one behind the other, blocking the road to Santiago.
506:. However, "A military encounter was avoided when Arias arrived at an agreement with Capteron to cease resistance." Arias surrendered to the Dominican governor of the city of Santiago. Three days after Arias left the country, the rest of the occupation forces landed and took control of the country within two months, and on November 29, the United States imposed martial law and established a military government under Captain (later Rear Admiral)
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734:, an American ally who cooperated with the United States government, handily defeated Peynado. Vásquez's Alliance Party (Partido Alianza) also won a comfortable majority in both houses of Congress. With his inauguration on July 13, control of the republic returned to Dominican hands. U.S. forces withdrew on September 18, 1924, and handed policing authority to the Dominican National Guard.
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of United States officers for the constabulary, or
National Guard, and the holding of elections under United States supervision. Popular reaction to the plan was overwhelmingly negative. Moderate Dominican leaders, however, used the plan as the basis for further negotiations that resulted in an agreement between U.S. Secretary of State
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the United States control over the country's custom revenues. In 1941, the treaty was officially repealed and control over the country's custom revenues was again returned to the government of the
Dominican Republic. However this treaty created lasting resentment of the United States among the people of the Dominican Republic.
710:
and the
Dominican Republic. In June 1921, United States representatives presented a withdrawal proposal, known as the Harding Plan, which called for Dominican ratification of all acts of the military government, approval of a loan of US$ 2.5 million for public works and other expenses, the acceptance
474:
The
Marines, numbering 800, encountered an entrenched rebel force of 80 at Guayacanas. The Dominicans had dug defensive trenches and set up a roadblock with felled trees. Camouflaged by the removal of excavated earth, the enemy's position was so well concealed that the Marines had difficulty locating
458:
on June 1 and enforced a blockade. The marines were able to occupy Monte Cristi without meeting any resistance. However, when the marines attacked Puerto Plata, they were met with resistance from about 500 pro-Arias
Dominicans. Though they were under heavy fire, the marines persisted in attempting to
571:
Marines claimed to have restored order throughout most of the republic, with the exception of the eastern region, but resistance to the occupation from
Dominicans continued widespread in both, direct and indirect forms in every place. The U.S. occupation administration, however, measured its success
378:
by threatening the city with naval bombardment. The
Marines landed three days later and established effective control of the country within two months. Three major roads were built, largely for military purposes, connecting for the first time the capital with Santiago in the Cibao, Azua in the west,
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Despite the withdrawal, there were still concerns regarding the collection and application of the country's custom revenues. To address this problem, representatives of the United States and the Dominican Republic governments met at a convention and signed a treaty, on December 27, 1924, which gave
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Dominican migrants in Cuba began a successful campaign to denounce the U.S. occupation while Latin American governments also protested. According to the United States Department of State, U.S. Senate investigations "proved embarrassing" to the Wilson administration after Dominican witnesses argued
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Inquiry Into Occupation and Administration of Haiti and Santo Domingo: Hearings Before a Select Committee on Haiti and Santo Domingo, United States Senate, Sixty-seventh Congress, First and Second Sessions, Pursuant to S. Res. 112 Authorizing a Special Committee to Inquire Into the Occupation and
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The field guns of Captain Chandler Campbell's 13th Company, along with a machine gun platoon, took position on a hill overlooking the enemy trenches and opened fire. Under the cover of this fire, the Marines launched a bayonet charge on the defenders' first line of defense, covered until the last
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aircraft equipped with Lewis .30-caliber machine guns mounted on scarf mounts for their counter-insurgency operations. The fighting in the countryside ended in a stalemate, and the guerrillas agreed to a conditional surrender. The number of U.S. Marines stationed in the Dominican Republic never
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landed to offer protection to the Haitian Legation, a country under a similar military occupation by the United States. Two days after the first landing, constitutional President Jimenes resigned rather than accede to U.S. demands for greater political and economic control. On May 13, Rear Adm.
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The Dominicans destroyed bridges and sabotaged railroad tracks on their retreat to impede the Americans' advance toward Santiago. At one ravine, the Dominicans had destroyed a bridge spanning 91 meters. This led the Marines to employ an improvised trestle for crossing the ravine. Despite being
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According to Lorgia García Peña, the occupation resulted in increased inequality in the Dominican Republic and contributed to the establishment of an economic and political system that benefits rich companies, while subjecting most Dominicans to poverty. American support for future
110:
668:-born educator typical of feminist resistance to the occupation, publishing articles in literary magazines. Smester refused to speak English as a form of civil resistance, claiming that if she spoke that language, the Americans would also have occupied her mind.
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Most Dominicans greatly resented the loss of their sovereignty to foreigners, few of whom spoke Spanish or displayed much real concern for the welfare of the republic. A guerrilla movement, known as the gavilleros, with leaders such as General
632:. Having knowledge of the local terrain, they fought from 1917 to 1922 against the United States occupation. Imprisoned guerillas were mistreated by U.S. forces according to Congressional investigations. By 1919, the Marines were employing
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as the "national pastime". In addition, some Afro-religious groups being banned by occupying forces resulted in a stigma being placed against practicing communities that has continued into the 21st century. Marines also spread
595:. American corporations would then force Haitians to migrate to the Dominican Republic and work on sugar plantations in poor conditions. American culture also influenced Dominicans, with cockfighting being replaced with
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heavy machine guns, small-unit maneuver, and individual training and marksmanship. The Dominicans possessed mainly black-powder rifles, and more commonly, were armed only with pistols and shotguns.
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William B. Caperton issued a demand for Arias, who was holed up in Fort Ozama, to disband his army and surrender his weapons. However, Arias and his supporters left the city instead of complying.
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641:, Cuba. During the occupation, the Marines suffered 144 killed in action, and the native constabularies incurred 74 casualties, while the Dominican insurgents sustained 950 killed or wounded.
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and Dominican Ambassador to the United States Francisco J. Peynado on June 30, 1922, allowing for the selection of a provisional president to rule until elections could be organized.
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Peguero, Valentina (2005). "Women's Grass-Roots Organizations in the Dominican Republic: Real and Imagined Female Figures". In Knight, Franklin W.; Martínez-Vergne, Teresita (eds.).
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Hans Schmidt, The United States Occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995), p. 103; and “Americans Killed in Action,” American War Library,
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and the American consulate and to occupy Fort San Geronimo. Within hours, these companies were reinforced with "seven additional companies." On May 6, American forces from the
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754:, who rose through the ranks of the National Guard with the help of the U.S. Marines, was instrumental for establishing his base of support within the Dominican armed forces.
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enter the city, and sustained several casualties such as the death of Captain Herbert J. Hirschinger, who was the first marine killed in combat in the campaign.
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before the Marines drove them off, resulting in 27 Dominicans killed, while the Marine Corps only death was Corporal George Fravee; 10 marines were wounded.
539:. Within minutes, the detachment of 13 marines, 8 of whom were wounded, successfully gained control of the fort and captured the 100 prisoners held within.
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aimed to force the Dominicans to repay their large debts to European creditors, whose governments threatened military intervention. On May 13, 1916,
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Franks, Julie (June 1995). "The Gavilleros of the East: Social Banditry as Political Practice in the Dominican Sugar Region 1900–1924".
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1355:. Schmidt cites 146 Marine deaths in Haiti; and the American War Library cites 144 Marines killed in action in the Dominican Republic.
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913:
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wrecked at Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, where it was thrown ashore by rogue waves on the afternoon of August 29, 1916
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A group of peasant guerillas, known as gavilleros, who fought against the U.S. Marine occupation of the Dominican Republic
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2017:
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The dictator next door : the good neighbor policy and the Trujillo regime in the Dominican Republic, 1930–1945
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The struggle of non-sovereign Caribbean territories: neoliberalism since the French Antillean Uprisings of 2009
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587:, a contemporary American academic. Like Haiti, the finances of the Dominican Republic were controlled by
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light machine guns within a few hundred meters of the trenches and opened fire. The rebels maintained
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2011:
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1469:(in French) (3rd ed.). Santiago de los Caballeros: Universidad Abierta Para Adultos. p. 42.
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exceeded 3,000. However, they could quickly receive reinforcements from Port-au-Prince, Haiti, or
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Educando: Causas y consecuencias de la invasión norteamericana de 1965 en la República Dominicana
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In early May 1916, a conflict erupted in Santo Domingo between 800 supporters of President
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The Impact of Intervention: The Dominican Republic during the U.S. Occupation of 1916–1924
1325:
751:
692:
564:
400:
367:
170:
89:
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Administration of the Territories of the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ...
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591:, subsequently allowing American businesses to acquire Dominican properties to cultivate
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The Dominican Republic and the United States : from imperialism to transnationalism
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Domingo, United States Congress Senate Selected Committee on Haiti and Santo (1922).
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706:, who succeeded Wilson in March 1921, had campaigned against the occupations of both
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U. S. Marines and Irregular Warfare, 1898–2007: Anthology and Selected Bibliography
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to the west of the Dominican Republic, the United States Marines controlled all of
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On the same day that the U.S. military government was declared, First Lieutenant
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1953:
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that the government's actions violated international law, were against Wilson's
480:
624:, enjoyed considerable support from the population in the eastern provinces of
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638:
633:
592:
580:
229:
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611:
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1632:
702:, public opinion in the United States began to run against the occupation.
583:"through censorship, intimidation, fear, and military force", according to
1654:
446:
Admiral Caperton's forces occupied Santo Domingo on May 15, 1916. Colonel
748:
625:
596:
425:
405:
1681:
The American War Library: Numbers of Americans Killed/Wounded, by Action
1160:
General History of the Caribbean: The Caribbean in the Twentieth Century
16:
Occupation of the Dominican Republic by the United States from 1916–1924
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2005:
1552:
1400:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 163–164
130:
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351:
military government established during the American occupation of the
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1968:
1544:
3736:
1366:"The Caribbean War. The United States in the Caribbean, 1898–1998"
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610:
554:
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163:
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About.Com: The US Occupation of the Dominican Republic, 1916–1924
1397:
Contemporary Caribbean Cultures and Societies in a Global Context
1031:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The United States Marine Corps: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present
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for those military members who had participated in the conflict.
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3884:
2677:
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assumed the provisional presidency on October 21, 1922. In the
1660:
United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24)
1619:. Tulsa, Oklahoma: J.R. Brady. July 7, 1916. pp. 1–10.
1296:
Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America
775:
United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)
2001:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
1024:. US Marine Corps History and Museums Division. p. 16.
1671:
globalsecurity.org:Dominican Republic Occupation (1916–24)
1059:
510:, Commander of the Cruiser Force aboard his flagship, USS
3621:
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
1676:
Country Studies: Occupation by the United States, 1916–24
475:
it. The Marines of the machine-gun platoon carried their
355:
that lasted from May 13, 1916 to September 18, 1924. The
866:
Hispanic American Report 14, no. 7 (Sept. 1961), p. 608.
502:, on July 3 the Marines moved onto Arias' stronghold in
652:) a group of feminist writers, led by Floripez Mieses,
424:." Their goal was to offer protection to the American
3721:
Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century
896:
Atkins, G. Pope & Larman Curtis Wilson. (1998).
379:
and San Pedro de Macorís in the east; the system of
4527:
Dominican Republic–United States military relations
4366:
4309:
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3919:
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3747:
3686:
3578:
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3509:
3451:
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2868:
2750:
1993:
1905:
1822:
1813:
United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution
1787:
1738:
1696:
Hoy: La intervención militar norteamericana de 1965
885:. Annapolis, Md: U.S. Naval Institute. p. 239.
249:
239:
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193:
179:
160:
148:
141:
129:
119:
88:
21:
1444:Instituto Montecristeño de Antropología e Historia
930:
897:
442:Marine machine gun unit in the Dominican Republic
366:forced the Dominican Republic's Secretary of War
4502:1924 disestablishments in the Dominican Republic
3607:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
2461:and other inhabited territories governed by the
1575:American Foreign Relations, Volume 2: Since 1895
1422:(in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Impresora El Siglo.
882:Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute
1019:"Marines in the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)"
904:. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia Press. p.
533:assault on the fort at San Francisco de Macorís
4537:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
3678:United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill
1299:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 223–.
1017:Fuller, Stephen M.; Cosmas, Graham A. (1974).
937:. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. pp.
4497:1916 establishments in the Dominican Republic
4487:States and territories disestablished in 1924
3896:
3668:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
2689:
2063:
1716:
1353:http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/allwars.htm
1049:. Marine Corps University Press. p. 137.
874:
872:
846:"USA Dominican Republic Resistance 1917–1921"
695:, and that occupying forces abused captives.
24:
8:
1463:Mercedes Morel, Luz; M. Cruz, Raysa (2022).
1182:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1092:The Dominican Republic and the United States
3356:U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education
3221:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
1732:United States intervention in Latin America
1517:. U.S. Department of State. 20 August 2008.
718:Under the supervision of High Commissioner
644:Among protestors to the occupation was the
4557:United States involvement in regime change
4532:Military history of the Dominican Republic
4482:States and territories established in 1916
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4249:
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3889:
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2056:
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2018:Nicaragua's case against the United States
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1709:
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1526:
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1199:"Occupation by the United States, 1916–24"
840:
838:
836:
834:
800:United States involvement in regime change
795:Foreign interventions by the United States
78:
18:
3330:United States Grain Standards Act of 1916
1533:The American Journal of International Law
1486:. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 223.
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
450:Marine units took the key port cities of
3637:Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial
1244:North American Congress on Latin America
1239:"One Hundred Years After the Occupation"
974:"U.S. Marines in the Dominican Republic"
848:. The Dupuy Institute. December 16, 2000
604:ideology throughout the nation based on
3831:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
2796:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
810:
140:
128:
118:
4492:20th century in the Dominican Republic
3550:1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election
2960:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
2507:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
1466:Literary Anthology On Dominican Heroes
1431:
1429:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1175:
1162:. Paris; London: UNESCO. p. 609.
1012:
1010:
879:United States Naval Institute (1879).
494:U.S. Marines in the Dominican Republic
387:was absent in the Dominican Republic.
370:, who had seized power from President
4542:Wars involving the Dominican Republic
3363:United States Railroad Administration
2037:Latin America–United States relations
1320:
1318:
1316:
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1228:
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1220:
790:Latin America–United States relations
780:United States occupation of Nicaragua
266:
262:
248:
238:
234:
204:
192:
188:
178:
159:
147:
94:
7:
3181:Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
2895:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
2658:
1890:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
1884:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
1611:"U.S. Marines Rout Dominican Rebels"
1531:"Dominican Republic-United States".
1437:"Rosa Smester (Maestra de Maestras)"
337:Military Government of Santo Domingo
22:Military Government of Santo Domingo
3565:1916 Democratic National Convention
3555:1912 Democratic National Convention
3459:Birthplace and Presidential Library
3254:Federal Employees' Compensation Act
3101:Board of Mediation and Conciliation
2032:Foreign policy of the United States
1237:García Peña, Lorgia (25 May 2016).
1203:Dominican Republic: A Country Study
4002:Spanish occupation 1861–1865
3284:Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916
3175:Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act
2095:Organized incorporated territories
1844:Separation of Panama from Colombia
1137:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1995.tb00085.x
551:U.S. Marines during the occupation
14:
3340:Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916
3295:National Park Service Organic Act
3193:Glacier National Park Act of 1914
2992:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
2740:President of Princeton University
1591:. Durham: Duke University Press.
1420:Rosa Smester: Maestra de Maestras
1331:United States Department of State
577:United States occupation of Haiti
345:Gobierno Militar de Santo Domingo
27:Gobierno Militar de Santo Domingo
4547:Wars involving the United States
4051:
3865:
3864:
3386:Acadia National Park Act of 1919
2657:
2648:
2647:
2459:United Nations trust territories
2079:Territories of the United States
1653:
1418:Jaime Julia, Julio, ed. (2001).
1378:from the original on 2004-08-07.
1112:U.S. Government Printing Office.
1026:
317:
292:
105:
62:
4012:U.S. occupation 1916–1924
3570:1916 U.S. presidential election
3560:1912 U.S. presidential election
3486:Summer White House (Harlakenden
2940:Committee on Public Information
2901:Army Appropriations Act of 1916
2830:State of the Union Address 1913
2513:American Concession in Shanghai
1577:(Cengage Learning, 2014) p. 163
1515:"Dominican Republic, 1916-1924"
1371:. University of South Florida.
1326:"Dominican Republic, 1916-1924"
1125:Journal of Historical Sociology
608:existing in the United States.
3481:Princeton University president
3476:Boyhood home in South Carolina
2720:President of the United States
2519:American concession of Tianjin
785:Mexican Border War (1910–1919)
589:National City Bank of New York
409:. On May 5, "two companies of
1:
4552:American military occupations
3769:(daughter, acting first lady)
3713:Backstairs at the White House
3631:Woodrow Wilson Junior College
3391:Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919
3198:Legislative Reference Service
3159:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
2982:Selective Service Act of 1917
2965:Armistice of 11 November 1918
1197:Haggerty, Richard A. (1989).
660:, created on March 15, 1920.
656:, Luisa Ozema Pellerano, and
516:(which still exists today in
3313:Rural Post Roads Act of 1916
3249:Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
2110:U.S. territorial sovereignty
1156:"Education in the Caribbean"
403:, the Minister of War and a
84:Santo Domingo (To the Right)
3523:When a Man Comes to Himself
3439:Mineral Leasing Act of 1920
3434:Merchant Marine Act of 1920
3324:Stock-Raising Homestead Act
3008:Wartime Measure Act of 1918
2906:Council of National Defense
1985:1989 Paraguayan coup d'état
1980:1979 Salvadoran coup d'état
1920:1954 Paraguayan coup d'état
1915:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
987:Fredriksen, John C (2011).
724:Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos
372:Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra
4573:
4512:1920s in the United States
4507:1910s in the United States
3244:Cotton Futures Act of 1916
3239:Brush Disposal Act of 1916
3164:Cotton Futures Act of 1914
3077:Federal racial segregation
2360:Unincorporated territories
1975:1976 Argentine coup d'état
1964:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
1090:Atkins and Wilson (1998).
650:Patriotic League of Ladies
504:Santiago de los Caballeros
483:fire against the Marines'
4433:
4318:
4252:
4150:
4069:
4049:
3987:Unification of Hispaniola
3844:
3602:Woodrow Wilson Foundation
3402:Wheat Price Guarantee Act
3345:Flood Control Act of 1917
3215:Locomotive Inspection Act
2823:Woman Suffrage Procession
2711:
2643:
2545:
2528:
2471:
2454:
2368:
2355:
2118:
2085:
2027:
1954:1971 Bolivian coup d'état
1937:1964 Bolivian coup d'état
1860:Second Occupation of Cuba
1573:Thomas Paterson, et al.,
1480:Calder, Bruce J. (1984).
1045:Stephen S. Evans (2008).
646:Junta Patriótica de Damas
561:Flag of the United States
383:used by the Americans in
300:Second Dominican Republic
271:
267:
263:
259:
235:
221:
217:
195:• 1916-1917 (First)
189:
95:
77:
71:Flag of the United States
59:
54:
43:
3757:(wife, 1885–1914, death)
3517:Congressional Government
3427:Federal Power Commission
3186:Federal Trade Commission
3019:Racial Equality Proposal
2997:National War Labor Board
2445:Northern Mariana Islands
1959:1973 Chilean coup d'état
1848:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
1838:First Occupation of Cuba
1293:McPherson, Alan (2013).
1270:Rutgers University Press
993:. ABC-CLIO. p. 76.
759:Dominican Campaign Medal
313:Third Dominican Republic
207:• 1917-1924 (Last)
3836:Woodrow Wilson and race
3657:Woodrow Wilson Monument
3471:Boyhood home in Georgia
3376:War Revenue Act of 1917
3271:Federal Farm Loan Board
3204:Smith–Lever Act of 1914
3126:Rivers and Harbors Acts
2987:Immigration Act of 1918
2977:Immigration Act of 1917
2913:Philippine Autonomy Act
1866:Occupation of Nicaragua
1854:Occupations of Honduras
1154:, B. W. Higman (2004).
929:Musicant, Ivan (1990).
761:was an authorized U.S.
251:• U.S. withdrawal
3948:Devastations of Osorio
3464:papers and manuscripts
3209:War Risk Insurance Act
3013:Paris Peace Conference
2808:1919 Nobel Peace Prize
2791:Supreme Court nominees
2731:Governor of New Jersey
1872:Occupation of Veracruz
1264:Joos, Vincent (2021).
732:Horacio Vásquez Lajara
687:
616:
568:
552:
495:
443:
25:
3850:← William Howard Taft
3791:Joseph Ruggles Wilson
3779:Eleanor Wilson McAdoo
3663:Woodrow Wilson Bridge
3597:Woodrow Wilson Awards
3335:Warehouse Act of 1916
3301:National Park Service
3260:Federal Farm Loan Act
3227:Occupancy Permits Act
2972:Espionage Act of 1917
2883:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty
2786:Judicial appointments
2100:Territorial evolution
1587:Roorda, Eric (1998).
1205:. Library of Congress
728:presidential election
679:
614:
558:
550:
493:
448:Joseph H. Pendleton's
441:
399:and 500 followers of
4358:Water and sanitation
3761:Edith Bolling Wilson
3613:The Wilson Quarterly
3496:Woodrow Wilson House
3414:Railroad Labor Board
3032:Treaty of Versailles
3003:Sedition Act of 1918
2012:Cuban Missile Crisis
1925:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1801:Spanish–American War
1795:Mexican–American War
1768:Good Neighbor policy
1662:at Wikimedia Commons
1539:(4): 209–213. 1942.
713:Charles Evans Hughes
662:Rosa Smester Marrero
630:San Pedro de Macorís
500:Battle of Guayacanas
4170:Chamber of Deputies
4033:Dominican Civil War
3997:War of Independence
3857:Warren G. Harding →
3805:(cousin, secretary)
3803:Helen Woodrow Bones
3773:Jessie Wilson Sayre
3705:Profiles in Courage
3673:U.S. Postage stamps
3381:Revenue Act of 1918
3308:Revenue Act of 1916
3114:Revenue Act of 1913
3082:Federal Reserve Act
2889:Occupation of Haiti
2537:uninhabited islands
2439:U.S. Virgin Islands
1878:Occupation of Haiti
1832:Paraguay expedition
1758:Roosevelt Corollary
1079:. pp. 253–263.
730:of March 15, 1924,
508:Harry Shepard Knapp
498:Two days after the
397:Juan Isidro Jimenes
364:William B. Caperton
241:• Established
200:Harry Shepard Knapp
155:Military Government
4287:Telecommunications
3970:Spanish reconquest
3941:Colonial governors
3912:Dominican Republic
3755:Ellen Axson Wilson
3724:(2002 documentary)
3266:Farm Credit System
3169:Cutter Service Act
3119:Federal income tax
3095:Newlands Labor Act
1931:Operation Mongoose
1896:Invasion of Panama
1807:Mexican Border War
1762:Big Stick ideology
688:
634:De Havilland DH-4B
617:
585:Lorgia García Peña
569:
553:
529:Ernest C. Williams
524:, United States).
496:
444:
353:Dominican Republic
175:"Out of Many, One"
45:Occupied territory
4522:Conflicts in 1916
4469:
4468:
4429:
4428:
4305:
4304:
4239:
4238:
4226:Political parties
4187:Foreign relations
4137:
4136:
4043:COVID-19 pandemic
3878:
3877:
3785:Francis Sayre Jr.
3763:(wife, 1915–1924)
3716:(1979 miniseries)
3447:
3446:
3421:Federal Power Act
3058:Wilsonian Armenia
3045:League of Nations
2776:1917 inauguration
2771:1913 inauguration
2671:
2670:
2535:claims and other
2533:Guano Islands Act
2433:Panama Canal Zone
2105:Thirteen Colonies
2045:
2044:
1686:Links in Spanish
1658:Media related to
1493:978-1-55876-386-9
1268:. New Brunswick:
1061:Tulsa Daily World
1000:978-1-59884-542-6
704:Warren G. Harding
602:white supremacist
485:automatic weapons
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
305:
304:
255:18 September 1924
212:Edwin Anderson Jr
181:Military Governor
150: • Type
112:
4564:
4449:
4442:
4316:
4260:
4250:
4148:
4067:
4055:
4028:Parsley massacre
3905:
3898:
3891:
3882:
3868:
3867:
3408:Esch–Cummins Act
3350:Smith–Hughes Act
3289:Keating–Owen Act
2866:
2818:Silent Sentinels
2743:
2734:
2723:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2661:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2616:Quita Sueño Bank
2196:Indian Territory
2072:
2065:
2058:
2049:
1942:Operation Condor
1774:Dollar diplomacy
1725:
1718:
1711:
1702:
1657:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1603:
1602:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1391:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1234:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1169:978-0-333-724590
1152:Bridget Brereton
1147:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1005:
1004:
984:
978:
977:
970:
953:
952:
936:
926:
920:
919:
903:
893:
887:
886:
876:
867:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
842:
413:landed from the
321:
320:
309:
308:
296:
295:
289:
288:
273:
272:
166:
151:
114:
113:
102:"Hail, Columbia"
82:
66:
38:
30:
28:
19:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4425:
4362:
4348:Public holidays
4301:
4258:
4235:
4133:
4109:Protected areas
4084:Ciudad Colonial
4056:
4047:
4022:Héctor Trujillo
4007:Restoration War
3915:
3909:
3879:
3874:
3840:
3826:Progressive Era
3814:
3767:Margaret Wilson
3743:
3688:
3682:
3647:(Austin statue)
3580:
3574:
3536:
3530:The New Freedom
3505:
3443:
3088:Federal Reserve
3063:
2950:Fourteen Points
2945:Four Minute Men
2864:
2754:
2746:
2737:
2726:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2672:
2667:
2639:
2550:Phoenix Islands
2541:
2524:
2501:Volcano Islands
2467:
2450:
2364:
2351:
2114:
2081:
2076:
2046:
2041:
2023:
1989:
1901:
1825:and occupations
1824:
1818:
1783:
1752:Platt Amendment
1746:Monroe Doctrine
1734:
1729:
1650:
1637:
1635:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1545:10.2307/2213777
1530:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1307:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1174:
1170:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1001:
986:
985:
981:
972:
971:
956:
949:
933:The Banana Wars
928:
927:
923:
916:
895:
894:
890:
878:
877:
870:
865:
861:
851:
849:
844:
843:
812:
808:
771:
752:Rafael Trujillo
740:
693:Fourteen Points
674:
545:
401:Desiderio Arias
393:
368:Desiderio Arias
318:
293:
252:
242:
208:
196:
174:
171:E Pluribus Unum
161:
149:
115:
106:
103:
101:
98:Salve, Columbia
83:
73:
68:
67:
39:
32:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4570:
4568:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4451:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4104:Municipalities
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4016:Trujillo Era (
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3972:
3967:
3964:Era de Francia
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3933:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914: articles
3910:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3809:William McAdoo
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3740:(2022 musical)
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3692:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3644:Woodrow Wilson
3640:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3292:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3257:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2870:Foreign policy
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2813:19th Amendment
2810:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2781:Roosevelt desk
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2735:
2724:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2705:Woodrow Wilson
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2630:(1899–present)
2625:
2624:(1898–present)
2619:
2613:
2612:(1867–present)
2607:
2606:(1867–present)
2604:Howland Island
2601:
2595:
2594:(1860–present)
2589:
2588:(1858–present)
2586:Navassa Island
2583:
2582:(1858–present)
2580:Johnston Atoll
2577:
2576:(1858–present)
2571:
2570:(1857–present)
2565:
2559:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
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2476:Ryukyu Islands
2472:
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2466:
2465:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2447:(1986–present)
2442:
2441:(1917–present)
2436:
2430:
2429:(1899–present)
2427:American Samoa
2424:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2376:
2375:(1898–present)
2369:
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2028:
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2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1956:
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1948:Project FUBELT
1945:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1907:Covert actions
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1649:
1648:External links
1646:
1645:
1644:
1605:
1604:
1598:978-0822321231
1597:
1579:
1566:
1520:
1506:
1492:
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1455:
1425:
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1306:978-1598842609
1305:
1285:
1279:978-1978815742
1278:
1256:
1216:
1189:
1168:
1150:Emmer, P. C.,
1142:
1131:(2): 158–181.
1115:
1097:
1082:
1067:
1063:, July 7, 1916
1052:
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948:978-0025882102
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915:978-0820319308
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3992:La Trinitaria
3990:
3988:
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3983:
3982:Spanish Haiti
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3936:Santo Domingo
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3799:(grandfather)
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3708:(1965 series)
3707:
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3679:
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3651:Wilson Square
3649:
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3369:USRA standard
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3027:
3026:Pueblo speech
3024:
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3016:
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3009:
3006:
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2623:
2622:Palmyra Atoll
2620:
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2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2574:Jarvis Island
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2556:Roncador Bank
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:
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2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:Bonin Islands
2493:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
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2464:
2463:United States
2460:
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:
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1981:
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1829:
1827:
1823:Overt actions
1821:
1814:
1811:
1808:
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1507:
1499:September 22,
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1126:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1098:
1094:. p. 49.
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:public domain
1020:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
996:
992:
991:
983:
980:
975:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
955:
950:
944:
940:
935:
934:
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922:
917:
911:
907:
902:
901:
892:
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884:
883:
875:
873:
869:
863:
860:
847:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
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823:
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811:
805:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
768:
766:
764:
763:service medal
760:
755:
753:
750:
744:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:Sumner Welles
716:
714:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
685:
684:
678:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
658:Ercilia Pepín
655:
654:Abigail Mejía
651:
647:
642:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
613:
609:
607:
606:Jim Crow laws
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
566:
562:
557:
549:
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540:
538:
534:
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519:
515:
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509:
505:
501:
492:
488:
486:
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478:
472:
470:
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49:United States
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4391:Coat of arms
4328:Demographics
4270:Central Bank
4192:Human rights
4177:Constitution
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3811:(son-in-law)
3797:James Wilson
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3696:
3642:
3635:
3626:High schools
3611:
3592:Bibliography
3529:
3522:
3516:
3491:Shadow Lawn)
2878:Wilsonianism
2634:Corn Islands
2610:Midway Atoll
2598:Swan Islands
2592:Kingman Reef
2568:Baker Island
2562:Serrana Bank
2421:1952–present
2419:Commonwealth
2403:Puerto Rico
2396:Commonwealth
1685:
1636:. Retrieved
1614:
1588:
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1536:
1532:
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
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1447:. Retrieved
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1402:. Retrieved
1396:
1360:
1347:
1336:. Retrieved
1334:. 2008-08-20
1329:
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622:Ramón Natera
618:
574:
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563:waving over
537:brief battle
526:
522:Pennsylvania
518:Philadelphia
511:
497:
477:Benét–Mercié
473:
465:
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456:Monte Cristi
452:Puerto Plata
445:
429:
416:
404:
394:
381:forced labor
361:Rear Admiral
344:
336:
334:
282:Succeeded by
281:
276:
169:
96:
4517:Banana Wars
4209:enforcement
4197:LGBT rights
3976:España Boba
3953:Slave trade
3732:(2013 book)
3700:(1944 film)
3233:Adamson Act
3069:New Freedom
3017:1919–1920;
2955:The Inquiry
2923:1917–1918;
2919:World War I
2897:(1916–1924)
2891:(1915–1934)
2742:(1902–1910)
2733:(1911–1913)
2722:(1913–1921)
2636:(1914–1971)
2628:Wake Island
2618:(1869–1981)
2600:(1863–1972)
2564:(1856–1981)
2558:(1856–1981)
2552:(1856–1979)
2521:(1860–1901)
2515:(1848–1863)
2509:(1947–1994)
2503:(1945–1968)
2497:(1945–1968)
2435:(1903–1979)
2379:Philippines
2348:(1900–1959)
2342:(1868–1890)
2313:(1864–1889)
2307:(1863–1912)
2301:(1863–1890)
2295:(1861–1889)
2289:(1861–1876)
2283:(1861–1864)
2277:(1854–1867)
2271:(1854–1861)
2265:(1853–1889)
2259:(1850–1896)
2243:Provisional
2239:New Mexico
2236:(1849–1858)
2230:(1848–1859)
2224:(1838–1846)
2218:(1836–1848)
2189:(1822–1845)
2183:(1819–1836)
2177:(1817–1819)
2171:(1809–1818)
2165:(1805–1837)
2159:(1805–1821)
2149:(1804–1812)
2143:(1800–1816)
2137:(1798–1817)
2135:Mississippi
2131:(1790–1796)
2125:(1787–1803)
2090:Organic act
2008:(1979–1990)
1944:(1968–1989)
1892:(1965–1966)
1886:(1916–1924)
1880:(1915–1934)
1868:(1912–1933)
1862:(1906–1909)
1856:(1903–1925)
1840:(1899–1902)
1815:(1916–1919)
1809:(1910–1919)
1797:(1846–1848)
1779:Banana Wars
1754:(1901–1904)
1616:Tulsa World
1077:Banana Wars
700:World War I
481:single-shot
431:USS Castine
374:, to leave
349:provisional
277:Preceded by
245:13 May 1916
4476:Categories
4406:Literature
4259:(currency)
4089:Hispaniola
3787:(grandson)
3781:(daughter)
3775:(daughter)
3396:Red Summer
3153:Sabath Act
2935:home front
2766:Transition
2752:Presidency
2320:Department
2263:Washington
1449:2023-02-09
1404:2023-02-11
1338:2022-01-04
1250:2022-01-04
1075:Musicant.
806:References
672:Withdrawal
639:Guantanamo
581:Hispaniola
543:Occupation
230:Modern Era
142:Government
4333:Education
4297:Transport
4277:Companies
4231:President
4182:Elections
4114:Provinces
4099:Mountains
4062:Geography
3930:Cacicazgo
3583:memorials
3542:Elections
3501:Gravesite
3318:Smith Act
3108:Raker Act
2930:campaigns
2489:1950–1972
2483:1945–1950
2415:1900–1952
2409:1898–1900
2398:1935–1946
2392:1901–1935
2386:1898–1901
2334:1912–1959
2332:Territory
2328:1884–1912
2322:1867–1884
2251:1850–1912
2249:Territory
2245:1846–1850
2234:Minnesota
2216:Wisconsin
2210:1890–1907
2208:Territory
2204:1850–1890
2202:Panhandle
2198:1834–1907
2192:Oklahoma
2153:Louisiana
2129:Southwest
2123:Northwest
1625:2330-7234
1561:246011614
1178:cite book
738:Aftermath
575:With the
567:, c. 1922
136:Dominican
55:1916–1924
4456:Category
4353:Religion
4343:Language
4221:Politics
4216:Military
4160:Congress
4143:Politics
4129:Wildlife
3870:Category
3793:(father)
3659:(Prague)
3653:(Warsaw)
3278:Flag Day
3038:Big Four
2757:timeline
2653:Category
2481:Military
2407:Military
2384:Military
2326:District
2287:Colorado
2275:Nebraska
2181:Arkansas
2169:Illinois
2163:Michigan
2157:Missouri
1373:Archived
1209:June 29,
852:June 29,
769:See also
749:dictator
666:Santiago
626:El Seibo
597:baseball
426:legation
406:caudillo
391:Invasion
347:) was a
4440:Outline
4396:Cuisine
4368:Culture
4311:Society
4292:Tourism
4245:Economy
4155:Cabinet
4119:Regions
4094:Islands
3958:Maroons
3921:History
3819:Related
3689:culture
3687:Popular
3051:charter
2803:Cabinet
2663:Commons
2413:Insular
2390:Insular
2340:Wyoming
2316:Alaska
2311:Montana
2305:Arizona
2187:Florida
2175:Alabama
2147:Orleans
2141:Indiana
2006:Contras
1638:July 7,
1633:4450824
1553:2213777
683:Memphis
531:led an
513:Olympia
417:Prairie
411:marines
341:Spanish
131:Demonym
120:Capital
47:of the
35:Spanish
4461:Portal
4421:Sports
4416:People
4386:Cinema
4376:Anthem
4338:Health
4282:Energy
4165:Senate
4124:Rivers
4079:Cities
4074:Border
4038:DOMREP
4018:Rafael
3748:Family
3729:Wilson
3697:Wilson
3579:Legacy
3532:(1913)
3525:(1901)
3519:(1900)
3425:1920;
3412:1920;
3404:(1919)
3398:(1919)
3367:1917;
3354:1917;
3326:(1916)
3320:(1916)
3299:1916;
3291:(1916)
3280:(1916)
3264:1916;
3256:(1916)
3235:(1916)
3229:(1915)
3223:(1915)
3217:(1915)
3211:(1914)
3200:(1914)
3177:(1914)
3171:(1914)
3155:(1913)
3110:(1913)
3099:1913;
3086:1913;
3060:(1920)
3049:1920;
3036:1919;
3028:(1919)
2999:(1918)
2915:(1916)
2885:(1914)
2346:Hawaii
2293:Dakota
2281:Nevada
2269:Kansas
2228:Oregon
2020:(1986)
2014:(1962)
1971:(1975)
1969:Limazo
1950:(1970)
1933:(1961)
1927:(1961)
1898:(1989)
1874:(1914)
1850:(1903)
1834:(1858)
1803:(1898)
1770:(1933)
1764:(1904)
1748:(1823)
1739:Policy
1631:
1623:
1595:
1559:
1551:
1490:
1303:
1276:
1166:
997:
945:
941:–252.
912:
698:After
664:was a
185:
90:Anthem
31:
4447:Index
4411:Music
4323:Crime
4265:Banks
4257:Peso
3737:Suffs
3510:Books
2925:entry
2738:13th
2487:Civil
2299:Idaho
1994:Other
1557:S2CID
1549:JSTOR
1440:(PDF)
1376:(PDF)
1369:(PDF)
1022:(PDF)
708:Haiti
593:sugar
385:Haiti
164:Motto
4401:Flag
4020:and
3452:Life
3146:1916
3141:1915
3136:1914
3131:1913
2860:1920
2855:1918
2850:1917
2845:1916
2840:1915
2835:1914
2728:34th
2717:28th
2373:Guam
2257:Utah
2222:Iowa
1846:and
1788:Wars
1640:2020
1629:OCLC
1621:ISSN
1593:ISBN
1501:2011
1488:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1211:2014
1184:link
1164:ISBN
995:ISBN
943:ISBN
910:ISBN
854:2014
757:The
681:USS
628:and
559:The
469:Colt
454:and
415:USS
335:The
4381:Art
4204:Law
1541:doi
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