95:. Most men were given some kind of exemption, usually temporary (between a few weeks and six months) or conditional on their situation at work or home remaining serious enough to warrant their retention at home. In October 1.12 million men nationally held tribunal exemption or had cases pending, by May 1917 this had fallen to 780,000 exempt and 110,000 pending. At this point there were also 1.8 million men with exemptions granted by the government (for example, those working in war industries); combined these exemptions covered more men than were serving overseas with the British Army. Some men were exempted on the condition that they joined the
88:, most of the tribunals' work dealt with domestic and business matters. Men could apply on the grounds of their doing work of national importance, business or domestic hardship, medical unfitness, or conscientious objection. Only around two per cent of applicants were conscientious objectors. The image of the tribunals at the time was that they were soft on these cases and harsh on those relating to domestic hardship; after the war conscience cases became more prominent and tribunals are known for their (genuinely) harsh treatment of objectors.
92:
47:
81:
served, solely at the discretion of the
Appeals Tribunal, as the final court of appeal; it largely dealt with difficult cases that would stand as precedent for local tribunals.
254:
27:
249:
169:
96:
209:
91:
A very large number of men applied: by the end of June 1916, 748,587 men had applied to tribunals. Over the same period around 770,000 men
236:
Jonathan Mein, Anne Wares, Sue Mann (eds.), 'St Albans: Life on the Home Front, 1914-1918' (Hatfield, Hertfordshire
Publications)
99:
for part-time training and home defence duties; by
February 1918, 101,000 men had been directed to the Corps by the tribunals.
55:
50:
bodies, they played an important part in the process of conscription. Tribunals were published as part of the
85:
115:
153:
205:
199:
66:
43:
186:
Statistics of the
Military Effort of the British Empire during the Great War. 1914-1920
140:
Adrian
Gregory, 'Military Service Tribunals: civil society in action', in Jose Harris,
31:
243:
84:
Although they are best known for their often heavy-handed attitude towards cases of
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51:
39:
35:
74:
69:) to hear appeals by applicants not happy with the local tribunal decision. A
201:
A Nation in Arms: A Social Study of the
British Army in the First World War
23:
78:
114:
UK Parliamentary Paper, Cmd 413, 'Forty-eighth annual report of the
61:
There were 2,086 local
Military Service Tribunals, with 83
54:
in 1915, but were continued on a statutory basis by the
34:councils to hear applications for exemption from
16:British Army administrative bodies in World War I
233:(Manchester, Manchester University Press: 2011).
158:Military Operations: France and Belgium: 1916
8:
176:: Statement of the War Committee, 24/10/1916
231:British military service tribunals, 1916–18
204:. Manchester University Press. p. 31.
107:
7:
255:Conscription in the United Kingdom
129:British Military Service Tribunals
14:
58:, which brought in conscription.
142:Civil Society in British History
160:, vol. i (London: 1932), p152.
1:
250:United Kingdom in World War I
144:(Oxford: 2003), pp. 177-191.
271:
198:Beckett, I. F. W. (1985).
20:Military Service Tribunals
56:Military Service Act 1916
97:Volunteer Training Corps
46:. Although not strictly
86:conscientious objection
63:County Appeal Tribunals
116:Local Government Board
22:were bodies formed by
170:The National Archives
229:James McDermott,
211:978-0-7190-1737-7
127:James McDermott,
118:' (1919), p. 116.
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71:Central Tribunal
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188:(London: 1922).
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93:joined the army
67:county councils
44:First World War
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12:
11:
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172:, CAB 17/158,
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32:rural district
28:urban district
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215:. Retrieved
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174:Derby scheme
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154:J.E. Edmonds
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110:
90:
83:
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52:Derby Scheme
40:British Army
36:conscription
19:
18:
75:Westminster
65:(formed by
42:during the
244:Categories
103:References
48:recruiting
217:30 August
38:into the
24:borough
208:
131:, p.22
79:London
219:2018
206:ISBN
30:and
77:in
73:at
246::
156:,
26:,
221:.
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