96:("Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food", a British government department that has since been replaced by DEFRA) was responsible for milk quotas, together with the Secretaries of State for Scotland and Wales and the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. On the MAFF's behalf, Milk Marketing Boards kept a register of quotas that detailed which farmers or dairies held what quotas. The Milk Marketing Boards were dissolved on 31 October 1994 (in England, Wales and Scotland) and 28 February 1995 (in
177:
clause in the tenancy. In the absence of such a clause, a tenant under the
Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 or the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995 also seemed, in principle, to be free to sell the quota attaching to the land he rented on the open market. That has been called quota "massage" or even quota "theft", but Williams (2011) called the latter term "inelegant and inappropriate" since it was apparently lawful.
1068:
656:
176:
Milk quotas could also be transferred without payment if the tenant of a holding under the
Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 ceased to use that land for dairy farming purposes for five years and transferred that quota to other land that he held for dairy farming purposes if there was no quota protection
76:
Each member of the
European Economic Community was allowed to produce dairy products up to a cap, which was based on each state's 1981 production, plus 1%. The cap was designated the "reference quantity". A levy to the EEC was due on production in excess of the reference quantity. This levy was
156:
Although the quotas were normally attached to land, and transferred with it provided the transfer is not a tenancy of less than ten months, they could be traded separately. The legality of such a transfer was questioned by the Courts, particularly in
152:
The EEC did not originally mean for milk quotas to attract a value. Contrary to their intent, milk quotas became a valuable asset, although prices fell towards the end of their life. Milk quotas could be purchased outright or leased.
46:, the quota's purpose was to bring rising milk production under control. Milk quotas were attached to land holdings and represented a cap on the amount of milk that a farmer could sell every year without paying a levy. Milk quotas were
103:
The final regulations governing milk quotas were the Dairy
Produce Quotas Regulations 2005, the Dairy Produce Quotas (Scotland) Regulations 2005 and the Dairy Produce (Quotas) (Wales) Regulations 2005, as amended.
93:
368:
Daugbjerg, Carsten and Alan
Swinbank. 'Explaining the 'Health Check' of the Common Agricultural Policy: Budgetary Politics, Globalisation and Paradigm Change Revisited' in
86:
143:, which was formerly a nominal milk quota allocated to farmers who had ceased or reduced dairy production. This was also subsumed into general milk quotas.
78:
1092:
92:
The Dairy
Produce Quotas Regulations 1994, which came into effect from 1 April 1994, substantially revised the old structure. Until 31 March 1994, the
61:
Milk quotas were first introduced in the United
Kingdom on 2 April 1984 under the Dairy Produce Quotas Regulations 1984, which reflected the then
125:, which were the ceiling amount of dairy produce that can be sold to a wholesaler from an agricultural holding without liability for the levy;
73:. Originally, they were to run until 1989, but they were extended several times, and were not renewed for the period following 31 March 2015.
565:
280:
265:
250:
119:, which were the ceiling amount of dairy produce that can be sold directly from an agricultural holding without liability for the levy;
219:
The relevant enactment is
Council Regulation (EEC) 804/68, as amended. The current rules are now in Council Regulation (EEC) 3950/92.
792:
35:
131:, which were the ceiling amount of dairy produce that a purchaser can buy from a wholesaler without liability for the levy;
164:
159:
62:
43:
200:
70:
39:
558:
228:
This applied in
England after the enactment of the Dairy Produce (Quotas) Regulations 1994, SI 1194/672, reg 13.
169:
137:, which formerly existed in parallel with purchaser quota, but were later subsumed into general milk quotas; and
77:
then to be recovered from the farmers or dairies involved. Until 2002, recovery of the levy was down to the
1097:
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and could be bought and sold or acquired or lost by other means and so there was a market for them.
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21, 03 EG 119, but since 1994 was accepted, at least in a limited way, in for example
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See regulation 1(1) of the 1994 Regulations and the meaning of "Minister".
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260:, published 1998, revised 2003. Chichester: Packard Publishing Ltd.
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Disputes about milk quota were generally referred to arbitration.
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330:, Farm Law issue #217 (March 2015) pp. 6-7. ISSN 0964-8488
16:
Measure that has been used by United
Kingdom in agriculture
275:, Ninth Edition (supplement), 2011. London: LexisNexis.
543:
460:"The Dairy Produce Quotas (Scotland) Regulations 2005"
992:
926:
806:
663:
581:
485:"The Dairy Produce Quotas (Wales) Regulations 2005"
273:
Scammell and Densham's Law of Agricultural Holdings
245:, 2006. London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd.
87:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
559:
53:Milk quotas were withdrawn on 31 March 2015.
8:
435:"The Dairy Produce Quotas Regulations 2005"
401:"The Dairy Produce Quotas Regulations 1994"
303:"The Dairy Produce Quotas Regulations 1984"
79:Intervention Board for Agricultural Produce
566:
552:
544:
297:
295:
381:Bateman, Curtis and Macadam 2006, p. 162.
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523:
291:
212:
38:. Originally introduced to reflect the
352:
350:
340:
338:
336:
241:Bateman, H, Curtis, S and McAdam, K:
112:There were five kinds of milk quota:
30:was a historical measure used by the
7:
14:
1093:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
1049:Milk quotas in the United Kingdom
1067:
1066:
654:
160:Carson v Cornwall County Council
81:. It was then recovered by the
359:, HMRC, retrieved 2 June 2011.]
258:The Valuation of Rural Property
1:
372:, 32:2, pp. 127-141. p. 133.
173:2 EGLR 15, 45 EG 145, CA.
63:European Economic Community
44:European Economic Community
34:government to intervene in
1119:
538:Williams 2011, p. 262-263.
201:Supply management (Canada)
170:Harris v Barclays Bank Plc
71:Common Agricultural Policy
1062:
652:
508:Williams 2011, p. 244-245
243:Dictionary of Agriculture
148:Acquisition and transfer
135:Purchaser special quota
1010:Fidel Castro and dairy
974:Plastic milk container
529:Williams 2011, p. 262.
489:www.legislation.gov.uk
464:www.legislation.gov.uk
439:www.legislation.gov.uk
405:www.legislation.gov.uk
390:Williams 2011, p. 244.
344:Williams 2011, p. 243.
307:www.legislation.gov.uk
197:, Canadian milk quota
83:Rural Payments Agency
40:agricultural policies
195:Market Sharing Quota
85:on behalf of the UK
517:Prag 2003, p. 119.
326:Whittaker, Geoff:
117:Direct sales quota
1080:
1079:
939:Glass milk bottle
281:978-1-4057-4493-5
271:Williams, P. R.:
266:978-1-85341-130-4
251:978-0-7136-7778-2
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129:Purchaser quota
123:Wholesale quota
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1054:World Milk Day
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798:Ultrafiltered
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26:dairy produce
22:
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492:. Retrieved
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479:
467:. Retrieved
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442:. Retrieved
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310:. Retrieved
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236:Bibliography
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24:
20:
18:
954:Milk carton
758:Pasteurized
357:Milk quotas
36:agriculture
1087:Categories
984:Tetra Brik
964:Milk crate
959:Milk churn
934:Bag-in-box
927:Containers
896:Sour cream
824:Buttermilk
736:Watermelon
726:Strawberry
691:Evaporated
681:Carbonated
141:SLOM quota
21:milk quota
1015:Lactation
886:Milkshake
854:Ice cream
711:Chocolate
686:Condensed
624:Colostrum
494:2 January
469:2 January
444:2 January
410:2 January
312:2 January
287:Citations
256:Prag, P:
207:Footnotes
108:Structure
89:(DEFRA).
65:(now the
1072:Category
1039:Milkmaid
1032:Pipeline
949:Milk bag
871:Filmjölk
859:Ice milk
807:Products
763:Powdered
701:Flavored
184:See also
1044:Milkman
1027:Milking
1000:Allergy
866:Jewelry
844:Custard
778:Skimmed
773:Scalded
753:Organic
743:Haymilk
731:Vanilla
629:Newborn
589:Buffalo
57:History
42:of the
1103:Quotas
993:Topics
918:Yogurt
829:Cheese
819:Butter
783:Soured
748:Malted
721:Papaya
716:Coffee
696:Filled
604:Donkey
582:Source
328:RIP MQ
279:
264:
249:
48:assets
1005:Dairy
881:Kumis
876:Kefir
834:Cream
814:Ayran
788:Toned
706:Anise
676:Baked
664:Types
646:Sheep
636:Moose
619:Human
614:Horse
594:Camel
28:quota
913:Ymer
908:Whey
891:Skyr
849:Ghee
839:Curd
609:Goat
575:Milk
496:2019
471:2019
446:2019
412:2019
314:2019
277:ISBN
262:ISBN
247:ISBN
165:EGLR
94:MAFF
69:'s)
944:Jug
793:UHT
768:Raw
641:Pig
599:Cow
100:).
23:or
1089::
671:A2
522:^
487:.
462:.
437:.
403:.
349:^
335:^
305:.
294:^
163:1
19:A
567:e
560:t
553:v
498:.
473:.
448:.
414:.
316:.
268:.
253:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.