Milutin Milanković - Knowledge (XXG)

1481: 702: 1200:. Using vector analysis he made a mathematical model of the Earth to create a theory of secular motion of the terrestrial poles. He derived the equation of secular trajectory of a terrestrial pole and also the equation of pole motion along this trajectory. The equations further led to a determination of the 25 most characteristic points with pole trajectories for both hemispheres. This mathematical calculation led Milanković to 16 important points from the past that form parts of early explorations; 8 points triggered future explorations. He drew a map of the path of the poles over the past 300 million years and stated that changes happen in the interval of 5 million years (minimum) to 30 million years (maximum). He found that the secular pole trajectory depends only on the configuration of the 1622: 408: 237: 1480: 922: 826:, took over the lectures on rational mechanics, and from 1925 the lectures on theoretical physics and vector theory were taken over by the newly elected assistant professor Vyacheslav Yardecki (1896–1962). Between the two wars, Milankovitch taught celestial mechanics and occasionally the theory of relativity, and after the Second World War until 1955, when he retired, he taught celestial mechanics and the history of astronomy. 447: 729:. This significantly influenced his calculations for the basic thermal climate characteristics of these two planets. In 1916 he published a paper entitled "Investigation of the climate of the planet Mars". He knew the size of Mars and its distance from the Sun, but also that it has a similar rotation speed and axis orientation as Earth. Milanković calculated that the average temperature in the lower layers the atmosphere on 1132: 1515:(Climate: Long Range Investigation, Mapping and Production) finally resolved the dispute and proved the theory of Milankovitch cycles. In 1972, scientists compiled a time scale of climatic events in the past 700,000 years from deep-sea cores. They performed the analysis of the cores and four years later, came to the conclusion that in the past 500,000 years, climate has changed depending on the 3866: 1209:. In his conclusion about this problem, he wrote: For an extraterrestrial observer, the displacement of the pole takes place in such a way that the ... Earth's axis maintains its orientation in space, but the Earth's crust is displaced on its substratum. Milankovitch published his paper on the subject entitled "Numerical trajectory of secular changes of pole’s rotation" in Belgrade in 1932. 548: 686:... Sat on the bed, I looked around and started synchronizing with my new social position .... In the suitcase I had my printed works and my notes on the cosmic problem, there was clean paper too and I started writing. It was far past midnight when I stopped. I looked around the room, wondering where I was. It felt like I was in a roadhouse on my trip through the Universe. 612:, climatologists and geologists could not discover the basic causes – that is, the different insolations of the Earth during past ages remained beyond the scope of these sciences. But Milanković decided to follow their path and attempt correctly to calculate the magnitude of such influences. Milanković sought the solution of these complex problems in the field of 780:

Sun's silvery glow. Not a single star twinkles in this sky; no messenger of the universe reaches this sanctuary...What is this? A storm is raging in my head, blood vessels are beating like sledgehammers, I'm out of breath. You are pale, dear miss, your legs are wobbly - you have completely fainted... Half unconscious, I carry you, in my arms, to our Earth...

713:, Kálmán Szily who, as a mathematician, eagerly accepted Milanković and enabled him to work undisturbed in the Academy's library and the Central Meteorological Institute. Milanković spent four years in Budapest, almost the entire war. He published a paper entitled "The problem of the astronomical theory of ice ages" in 1914. Then he tried to find a 475:(Beitrag zur Theorie der Druckkurven) and its implementation allowed assessment of pressure curves' shape and properties when continuous pressure is applied, which is very useful in bridge, cupola and abutment construction. His thesis was successfully defended on 12 December 1904; examination committee members were Johann Emanuel Brik, 1457:(older version in Vienna). The building would have a base radius of 112.84 km and a height of 21646 m. Since the building penetrates the Earth 1.4 km, it would have a height of 20.25 km above the Earth's surface. At the very top, there would be a wide platform for a meteorological and astronomical station. 796:

over horizon, was −53.8 °C (−64.8 °F). At noon, it rises on +97 °C (207 °F), only to reach its maximum value one Earth day later +100.5 °C (212.9 °F). At sunset, the temperature drops −8.8 °C (16.2 °F). According to Milankovitch, a sudden cooling occurs during the night.

701: 434:. Milutin and his twin sister were the oldest of seven children raised in a Serb family. Their father was a merchant, landlord, and a local politician who died when Milutin was eight. As a result, Milutin and his siblings were raised by his mother, grandmother, and an uncle. His three brothers died of 1284:

on 6 April 1941, the printing house where his work was being printed was destroyed; however, almost all of the printed sheet paper remained undamaged in the printing warehouse. After the successful occupation of Serbia on 15 May 1941, two German officers and geology students came to Milanković in his

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In the period from 1935 to 1938 Milanković calculated that ice cover depended on changes in insolation. He succeeded in defining the mathematical relationship between summer insolation and the altitude of the snow line. In this way he defined the increase of snow which would occur as a consequence of

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Here we are in the temple of Isis and Osiris, more magnificent than Schinkel himself imagined. From its huge dome, covered with a gently mother-of-pearl mosaic, a white mysterious light spills over the interior of this home. That dome, that's the sky of Venus. The Sun is never visible on it, only the

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was teaching us mathematics. His every sentence was the masterpiece of strict logic, without any extra word, without any error." After graduating and spending his obligatory year in military service, Milanković borrowed money from an uncle to pay for additional schooling at TU Wien in engineering. He

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in the form of letters to an anonymous woman. The work discusses the history of astronomy, climatology and science via a series of imaginary visits to various points in space and time by the author and his unnamed companion, encompassing the formation of the Earth, past civilizations, famous ancient

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glaciations occurred. After developing the mathematical machinery enabling him to calculate the insolation in any given geographical latitude and for any annual season, Milanković was ready to start the realization of the mathematical description of climate of the Earth in the past. Milanković spent

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with the capacity for reconstruction of the past and prediction of the future, and established the astronomical theory of climate as a generalized mathematical theory of insolation. When these most important problems of the theory were solved, and a firm foundation for further work built, Milanković

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are particularly significant. Milankovitch knew that the moon rotates on its axis in 27.32 days, so lunar daytime on one side of the moon last about 13.5 Earth days. Milankovitch calculated that the temperature after a long moon night, in the early morning on the Moon, or before the rise of the Sun

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and developed a mathematical theory describing Earth's climate zones. His aim was an integral, mathematically accurate theory which connects thermal regimes of the planets to their movement around the Sun. He wrote: "...such a theory would enable us to go beyond the range of direct observations, not

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and the revised leap year algorithm were adopted by a number of Eastern Orthodox churches. The dates of Easter and related holy days are still computed using the Julian calendar. At the time of Milanković's proposal, it was suspected the period of rotation of Earth might not be constant, but it was

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To collect his scientific work on the theory of solar radiation that was scattered in many books and papers, Milanković began his life's work in 1939. This tome was entitled "Canon of Insolation of the Earth and Its Application to the Problem of the Ice Ages", which covered his nearly three decades

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After World War I, Milanković returned to Belgrade with his family on 19 March 1919. He continued his professorial career, becoming a full professor at the University of Belgrade. From 1912 to 1917, he wrote and published seven papers on mathematical theories of climate both on the Earth and on the

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He patented a new type of reinforced concrete ribbed ceiling and published the first paper on armored concrete, titled "Contribution to the theory of reinforced armored pillars". He published the second paper on the same subject based on new results in 1906. In 1908, he published a paper titled "On

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at the bottom of the ocean follow Milankovitch theory. There are other recent studies that indicate the validity of the original Milankovitch theory. Although orbital forcing of Earth's climate is well accepted, the details of how orbitally-induced changes in insolation affect climate are debated.

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After Milanković's death, most of the scientific community came to dispute his "astronomical theory" and no longer recognized the results of his research. But ten years after his death and fifty years from the first publication, Milanković's theory was again taken under consideration. His book was

1375:. Milankovich is listed as a member of Commission 7 for Celestial Mechanics, and “V. Mishkovitch” as member of Commission 19 for Latitude Variation and Commission 20 for Minor Planets. For a short period, he was the head of the Belgrade Observatory (1948 - 1951). At that time, the Cold War between 733:

is −45 °C (−49 °F) and the average surface temperature is −17 °C (1 °F). Also, he concluded that: "This large temperature difference between the ground and lower layers of the atmosphere is not unexpected. Great transparency for solar radiation makes that is the climate of Mars

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at a young age. As his health was fickle, Milutin received his elementary education at home (in "the classroom without walls"), learning from his father Milan, private teachers, and from numerous relatives and friends of the family, some of whom were renowned philosophers, inventors, and poets. He

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During the German occupation of Serbia from 1941 to 1944, Milanković withdrew from public life and decided to write a "history of his life and work" going beyond scientific matters, including his personal life and the love of his father who died in his youth. His autobiography would be published

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on Venus calculated the temperature in the outer limit of the atmosphere +25 °C (77 °F), the upper layer +54 °C (129 °F), the middle layer +70 °C (158 °F) and the lower layer of the atmosphere +80 °C (176 °F) as well as a ground temperature of +97 °C

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He began working on it in 1912, after he had realized that "most of meteorology is nothing but a collection of innumerable empirical findings, mainly numerical data, with traces of physics used to explain some of them... Mathematics was even less applied, nothing more than elementary calculus...

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Milanković proposed a revised Julian calendar in 1923. It made centennial years leap years if division by 900 left a remainder of 200 or 600, unlike the Gregorian rule which required that division by 400 left no remainder. (In both systems, the years 2000 and 2400 are leap years.) In May 1923 a

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elliptical elements to two vectors determining the mechanics of planetary movements. The first specifies the planet's orbital plane, the sense of revolution of the planet, and the orbital ellipse parameter; the second specifies the axis of the orbit in its plane and the orbital eccentricity. By

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to collaborate on a ten volume handbook on geophysics and to publish his views on the problem of the secular variations of the Earth's rotational poles. Wegener presented extensive empirical evidence in his scientific work on the 'great events' during the Earth's past. However, one of the main

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of a cosmic mechanism to describe the Earth's climatic and geological history. But the cosmic mechanism was not an easy problem, and Milanković took three decades to develop an astronomical theory. He used mathematical methods to study the current climate of inner planets of the solar system.

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At the beginning of 1905, Milanković took up practical work and joined the firm of Adolf Baron Pittel Betonbau-Unternehmung in Vienna. He built dams, bridges, viaducts, aqueducts, and other structures in reinforced concrete throughout Austria-Hungary. The result was particularly evident in the

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and a professor of Theoretical and Practical Astronomy. After almost three years, Mišković and his staff completed the calculation of astronomical values based on the Le Verrier method and using the masses of the planets as known at that time. Milanković used these values in his later works.

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and the instantaneous pole position on it, more precisely on geometry of the Earth mass. On this basis he could calculate the secular pole trajectory. Also, based on Milanković's model, the continental blocks sink into their underlying "fluidal" base, and slide around, 'aiming to achieve'

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and renaissance thinkers and their achievements, and the work of his contemporaries, Köppen and Wegener. In the "letters", Milanković expanded on some of his own theories on astronomy and climatology, and described the complicated problems of celestial mechanics in a simplified manner.

1216:'s "Handbook of Geophysics" (Handbuch der Geophysik) – "The Earth's Position and Movement in Space", "Rotational Movement of the Earth", "Secular shift of the Poles", and "Astronomic Means for Climate Study during the Earth's history" – published by Wegener's father-in-law 1563:

Milanković authored two papers on relativity. He wrote his first paper "On the theory of Michelson's experiment" in 1924. He was doing research in this theory from 1912. His papers on this matter were on special relativity and both are on the Michelson experiment (now known as the

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very similar to altitudes climate of our Earth." In any case, Milanković's work suggested that Mars has a harsh climate, and calmed mounting enthusiasm concerning the prospect of discovering the presence of liquid water on the surface of Mars. He discussed the possibility of

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Mathematician’s Club in Belgrade 1926 (From left to right sitting: N. Saltikov, M. Petrović, P. Popović, B. Gavrilović, V. Petković and M. Milanković. Standing: Dr. M. Radojčić, T. Pejović, V. Žardetski, A. Bilimović, P. Zajončkovski, J. Mihailović, R. Kašanin and J.

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Milankovitch's work on the trajectory of poles was well accepted only by Köppen's associates, because most of the scientific community was skeptical about Wegener and Milankovic's new theories. Later, in the 1950s and 1960s, development of the new scientific discipline in

1300:. Milanković gave them the only complete printed copy of the "Canon" to send to Soergel, to make certain that his work would be preserved. Milanković did not take part in the work of the university during the occupation, and after the war he was reinstated as professor. 761:

suggestion that Venus has a slow rotation period equal to the duration of its orbits around the Sun, but he was skeptical because he thought that Venus would lose its atmosphere during a long-term day due to the effects of Solar Radiation. At the last, he accepted

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After the First World War, with the arrival of Russian scientists – emigrants, the personnel base of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Belgrade was expanded. Thus, from 1920 Anton Bilimovich (1879–1970), a distinguished scientist, who came from

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theory, got Milanković interested in the interior of the Earth and the movement of the poles, so he told his friend that he would investigate polar wandering. In November 1929, Milanković received an invitation from Professor

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researchers. Milanković received a letter on 22 September 1922 from Köppen, who asked him to expand his studies from 130,000 years to 600,000 years. He accepted Köppen's suggestion that cool summers were a crucial factor for

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clocks beginning in the 1930s that this could be proven and quantified. The variation in the period of rotation of Earth is the chief cause of long-term inaccuracy in both the Gregorian and Revised Julian calendars.

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whose pioneering theory on the astronomical origins of ice ages were formally rejected by his contemporaries and James Croll whose work was effectively forgotten about even after acceptance by contemporaries such as

559:. In 1912, Milankovitch accepted the invitation of his collegemate from TU Wien and the owner of the construction company Petar Putnik to create a project for bridges on rocky shores on the future route of the 655:

only in space, but also in time... It would allow reconstruction of the Earth's climate, and also its predictions, as well as give us the first reliable data about the climate conditions on other planets."

1717:. On behalf of five academics, Milutin Milanković wrote a recommendation that Nikola Tesla be elected a full member of the Royal Serbian Academy, which was done at a ceremonial meeting on March 7, 1937. 2891: 1070:

calculus systematically to solve problems of celestial mechanics. His original contribution to celestial mechanics is called Milanković's system of vector elements of planetary orbits. He reduced six

1535:(Cooperative Holocene Mapping Project) reconstructed the patterns of global climate change over the last 18,000 years, again demonstrating the key role of astronomical factors. In 1989, the project 1445:

at the University of Belgrade. In the same year, he published his last work, which is not from the natural sciences, but from his original profession of structural engineering. The paper was titled

1083:. Milanković, in a simple but original manner, first deduced Newton's law of gravitation from Kepler's laws. Then Milanković treated the two-body and the many-body problems of celestial mechanics. 416: 4676: 1391:. In November 1954, fifty years after receiving his original diploma, he received the Golden Doctor's diploma from the Technical University of Vienna. In 1955, he was also elected to the German 1269:

of research, including a large number of formulas, calculations and schemes, but also summarized universal laws through which it was possible to explain cyclical climate change – his namesake

595:, 1807–1873). In parallel, there were also several attempts to explain the climate change by the influence of astronomical forces (the most comprehensive of them was the theory put forward by 950:, 130 BC). Each cycle works on a different time-scale and each affects the amount of solar energy received by the planets. Such changes in the geometry of an orbit lead to the changes in the 331:

He founded planetary climatology by calculating temperatures of the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere as well as the temperature conditions on planets of the inner Solar System,

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of the rotation and can throw the axis off balance and force it to move. Wegener's tragedy additionally motivated Milankovich to persevere in solving the problem of polar wandering.

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English translation by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, published for the U.S. Department of Commerce and National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.: 633 S., 1969

4741: 1181:. Milanković became convinced that the continents 'float' on a somewhat fluid subsurface and that the positions of the continents with respect to the axis of rotation affect the 386:. Beginning his career as a construction engineer, he retained an interest in construction throughout his life, and worked as a structural engineer and supervisor on a series of 3809: 544:. Though he continued to pursue his investigations of various problems pertaining to the application of reinforced concrete, he decided to concentrate on fundamental research. 694:, who was his mentor and a good friend. Through his social connections, Professor Czuber arranged Milanković's release from prison and permission to spend his captivity in 571:

Valley through the Nisevac Gorge. Milankovitch, who liked this idea very much, soon drew up structural calculations for all the bridges with reinforced concrete arches.

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in 1934. That same year, Milanković published an article dedicated to the work Alfred Wegener under titled "Moving of the Earth's Poles – A Memory to Alfred Wegener".

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Milankovitch's works on astronomical explanations of ice ages, especially his curve of insolation for the past 130,000 years, received support from the climatologist

636:. He published the first paper on the subject entitled "Contribution to the mathematical theory of climate" in Belgrade on April 1912. His next paper was entitled " 4671: 930:

Milanković put the Sun at the center of his theory, as the only source of heat and light in the Solar System. He considered three cyclical movements of the Earth:

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Janc, Natalija; Gavrilov, Milivoj B.; Marković, Slobodan B.; Benišek, Vojislava Protić; Benišek, Vladimir; Popović, Luka Č; Tomić, Nemanja (1 January 2019).

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In the period from 1930 to 1933, Milankovitch worked on the problem of numerical secular rotation pole movements. The Earth as a whole he considered as a

4666: 788:. He thought that the mystery of this planet lies in the answer to the question about its axis, the speed of rotation or how long a day lasts on Venus. 4171: 3854: 2925: 986: 4731: 3802: 2457: 108: 2505:"Wladimir Köppen, Alfred Wegener and Milutin Milankovitch: their Impact on modern paleoclimate research and revival of the Milankovitch hypothesis" 3694: 2810:"Milanković (Milankovitch), Milutin – Dictionary definition of Milanković (Milankovitch), Milutin | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary" 1650: 1539:(Spectral Mapping Project), showed that the climate changes are responses to changes in solar radiation of each of the three astronomical cycles. 3735: 3725: 4407: 4090: 3229: 3088: 2487: 2374: 2108: 1392: 1079:

applying those vectors he significantly simplified the calculation and directly obtained all the formulas of the classical theory of secular

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of water. His six patents were officially recognized and his reputation in the profession was enormous, bringing abundant financial wealth.

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Milanković spent two years arranging and writing the "Canon". The manuscript was submitted to print on 2 April 1941 – four days before the

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on their surface. This was logical thinking, since Earth has water, Mars has polar caps, and Venus has white clouds that associate on the

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Canon of Insolation and the Ice-age Problem: (Kanon Der Erdbestrahlung und Seine Anwendung Auf Das Eiszeitenproblem) Belgrade, 1941

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According to his own words, Milankovitch did not know the speed of rotation of Venus, the orientation of the axis, as well as the

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in Austro-Hungary, where he heard about the beginning of the War. He was arrested as a citizen of Serbia and was interned by the

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and the Earth sciences and enabled a consistent transition from celestial mechanics to the Earth sciences and transformation of

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occurring in the geological past of the Earth, as well as the climate changes on the Earth which can be expected in the future.

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Köppen proposed to Milanković on 14 December 1926 to extend his calculations to a million years and to send his results to

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and graduated in 1902 with the best marks. In his memoirs, Milanković wrote about his lectures on engineering: "Professor

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as "Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Anwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem". The titles of the six parts of the book are:

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elected Milanković as a corresponding member in 1920; he became a full member in 1924. The Meteorological service of the

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in 1924. In September of that year, he attended the lecture given by Alfred Wegener at Congress of German Naturalist in

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Advanced mathematics had no role in that science..." His first work described the present climate on Earth and how the

4691: 1670: 1646: 1528: 1502: 1498: 583:, Milanković noticed a significant issue, which became one of the major objects of his scientific research: a mystery 3997: 2037: 2015: 1741:

In: Köppen, W.; Geiger R. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Klimatologie, Bd. 1: Allgemeine Klimalehre, Berlin: Borntraeger, 1930

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army in the Imperial and Royal Interment Camp in Nezsider (K. u. K. Interienirungslager in Nezsider), Hungary (today

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Milanković gave two fundamental contributions to global science. The first contribution is the "Canon of the Earth's

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J.D. Hays; John Imbrie & N.J. Shackleton (1976). "Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages".

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received a graph presenting bordering altitudes of ice cover for any period of time during the last 600,000 years.

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M. Milankovitch (1924). "Das Ende des julianischen Kalenders und der neue Kalender der orientalischen Kirchen".

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Milanković continued to practice civil engineering in Vienna until 1 October 1909 when he was received an offer

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Three variables known as the Milankovitch Cycles affect how and when Earth enters an ice age or global warming.

1678: 1634: 1450: 1080: 1449:. Milankovitch in this work calculated the highest building possible on our Earth. He was inspired by work of 2945:"Успомене, доживљаји и сазнања из година 1909 до 1944. – II-016015-195 – Дигитална Народна библиотека Србије" 1256:

trajectory of poles, palaeomagnetism reconstructed the path of the poles over geological history to show the

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researched concrete and wrote a theoretical evaluation of it as a building material. At age twenty-five, his

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observations from that time that suggested a shorter rotation period similar to Earth's. So he considered a

666:. On 14 June 1914, Milanković married Kristina Topuzović and went on his honeymoon to his native village of 435: 431: 269: 4746: 4327: 4137: 3923: 3840: 1277: 525: 371: 294: 249: 236: 4522: 4154: 4377: 3057: 2681: 1071: 982: 868: 758: 391: 4546: 4347: 4322: 4149: 4132: 1220:

in 1933. The lecture on the apparent shift of poles was held at a congress of Balkan mathematicians in

347:, as well as the depth of the atmosphere of the outer planets. He demonstrated the interrelatedness of 1705:", Milanković has been ranked among the top fifteen minds of all time in the field of earth sciences. 921: 4656: 4651: 4552: 4282: 3674: 3528: 3493: 3456: 3245:

J.A. Rial (1999). "Pacemaking the ice ages by frequency modulation of Earth's orbital eccentricity".

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Social practices and knowledge related to the preparation and use of the traditional plum spirit of

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In the beginning, recognition came slowly, but later, the theory was proven to be accurate. Project

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translated into English under the title "Canon of Insolation of the Ice-Age Problem" in 1969 by the

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north for the past 650,000 years. Milankovitch, in his early works, used the astronomical values of

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under the title "Théorie mathématique des phénomènes thermiques produits par la radiation solaire" (

4219: 4159: 4098: 4073: 1572:. In the light of the Michelson experiment he discussed on the validity of the second postulate of 1569: 1438: 1270: 1015: 864: 851: 754: 633: 621: 617: 587:. The idea of possible astronomically-related climate changes was first considered by astronomers ( 541: 537: 533: 529: 484: 387: 367: 363: 352: 348: 321: 152: 4534: 4292: 846:

and agreed to calculate the secular progress of insolation of the Earth at the outer limit of the

4412: 4402: 4342: 4029: 3406: 3348: 3305: 3297: 3170: 3154: 3010: 1690: 971: 714: 646: 613: 4498: 4427: 4417: 1217: 1001:, WMO. Milanković served as a representative of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia there for many years. 907: 895: 830: 2656:

Janc, N, Gavrilo, M. B, Marković, S. B., Benišek, V. P. Popović, L. C., and Benišek V. (2020).

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International Conference: The Life and Work of Milutin Milanković - Past, Present and Future

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findings that especially preoccupied Wegener and then Milankovitch was the discovery of big

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One of the 17 Milankovitch bridges on the railway line through the Nisevac gorge in Serbia.

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was a logical approach to the problem. His solar curve was introduced in a work entitled "

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Immediately after arriving in Budapest, Milanković met the Director of the Library of the

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extraordinary design of a reinforced-concrete aqueduct for a hydroelectric power plant in

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Mathematical science of climate and astronomical theory of the variations of the climate

446: 4611: 4302: 3847: 3833: 3665:

Inđijić M. (1997). "Life, scientific and professional activity of Milutin Milanković".

3621: 3580:

The Oxford Companion to the Year: An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning

1637:, 3rd degree. On 1929, he was awarded, at the proposal of the Ministry of Finances the 1577: 1344: 1213: 1189: 1149: 1140: 1126: 1114: 911: 883: 843: 834: 742:. In addition to considering Mars, he dealt with the climatic conditions prevailing on 691: 605: 600: 480: 463: 3740: 3402: 2971: 2809: 2391: 2301:"Milankovitch on Mars: observing and modeling astronomically - induced climate change" 1977:"Cosmic connections: James Croll's influence on his contemporaries and his successors" 4645: 4564: 4558: 4490: 4442: 4372: 4201: 4061: 3940: 3911: 3906: 3410: 3386: 3367: 3352: 3309: 2853: 2787: 2725: 2657: 2322: 2187: 2130: 1880: 1654: 1400: 1174: 801: 785: 763: 678:, Austria). He described his first day in prison, where he waited to be taken to the 592: 588: 568: 518: 356: 282: 274: 3960: 3444: 2442: 1416:

The founders of the natural science Pythagoras – Democritus – Aristotle – Archimedes

1335:

after the war, entitled "Recollection, Experiences and Vision" in Belgrade in 1952.

4516: 4382: 4332: 4184: 4012: 3950: 2547:"Ice Age theory: a correspondence between Milutin Milanković and Vojislav Mišković" 1714: 1609: 1605: 1388: 1197: 1166: 899: 735: 641: 640:" and was published on June 1913. In December of that year, this paper was read by 506: 476: 305: 185: 3174: 3150: 2948: 1131: 564: 3293: 3258: 3105: 2062:

Milankovitch, M. (1914). "Zur Theorie der Strahlenabsorption in der Atmosphäre".

4387: 4229: 4107: 4056: 4051: 4002: 2459:

Théorie mathématique des Phénomènes thermiques produits par la Radiation Solaire

1727:

Théorie mathématique des phénomènes thermiques produits par la radiation solaire

1516: 1170: 726: 663: 659: 596: 514: 190: 175: 1936:"Pioneers of the ace ages models: a brief history from Agassiz to Milankovitch" 1689:

since 2003) for contributions in the area of long-term climate and modeling. A

1343:

After the war, in 1947, Milanković's only son emigrated from the new communist

547: 4457: 4422: 4307: 2211: 2000: 1981:

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

1864: 1847: 1520: 1229: 1193: 1101:

any given change in summer insolation. He published his results in the study "

1026: 954:– the quantity of heat received by any spot at the surface of a planet. These 951: 947: 939: 855: 847: 739: 651: 301: 286: 278: 200: 147: 4432: 3787: 3730: 3505: 3469: 2854:"Milutin Milanković (1879 - 1959) and his contribution to European astronomy" 2726:"Milutin Milanković (1879 - 1959) and his contribution to European astronomy" 2479:

Ending in Ice: The Revolutionary Idea and Tragic Expedition of Alfred Wegener

2323:"Milutin Milanković (1879 - 1959) and his contribution to European astronomy" 2083: 1881:"Milutin Milanković (1879 - 1959) and his contribution to European astronomy" 4591: 4397: 4112: 4103: 4044: 4022: 3336: 2284: 2259: 2147: 1960: 1935: 1407: 1360: 1178: 1153: 1106: 1025:, to collaborate in the work and calculate astronomical values based on the 878:

These curves showed the variations in insolation which correlated with four

513:

membranes of same opposition" in which he proves that the ideal shape for a

180: 4337: 4144: 3987: 3720: 3344: 3266: 3166: 1747:

In: Gutenberg, B. (Hrsg.) Handbuch der Geophysik, Berlin: Borntraeger, 1933

1372: 705:

M. Milankovitch's table of mean Martian ground and atmosphere temperatures.

3567: 2571: 2546: 2225: 791:

His calculations of the surface temperature conditions on the neighboring

3992: 3982: 3746:

NASA Earth Observatory article in the "on the shoulders of giants" series

3519:

Miriam Nancy Shields (1924). "The new calendar of the Eastern churches".

3042:"A century since the recognition of cyclic climatic change by Milanković" 2529:

The Climates of the Geological Past by Wladimir Köppen and Alfred Wegener

1739:

Mathematische Klimalehre und astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen.

1551: 1524: 1485: 1465: 1297: 1206: 1162: 990: 915: 695: 679: 629: 502: 100: 2425:

Mathématique des Phénomènes Thermiques produits par la Radiation Solaire

1044:

Mathematische Klimalehre und Astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen

805:

finished a book which was published in 1920, by the Gauthier-Villars in

721:

He shared the general opinion at the time that Mars and Venus contained

4392: 4367: 4352: 3301: 3158: 1759:

Académie royale serbe. Éditions speciales; 132 : XX, 633, Belgrad, 1941

1543: 1536: 963: 662:

between the Austro-Hungarian empire and Serbia broke out, which led to

632:

determine the temperature on Earth's surface after passing through the

584: 459: 325: 134: 80: 2878:

10.1002/1521-3994(200212)323:6<570::AID-ASNA570>3.0.CO;2-V

2750:

10.1002/1521-3994(200212)323:6<570::AID-ASNA570>3.0.CO;2-V

2651: 2649: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2347:

10.1002/1521-3994(200212)323:6<570::AID-ASNA570>3.0.CO;2-V

1905:

10.1002/1521-3994(200212)323:6<570::AID-ASNA570>3.0.CO;2-V

1757:

Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Anwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem.

555:

Milanković continued in design and construction work when he moved to

4017: 4007: 3965: 3599: 1547: 1512: 1494: 1461: 1424:

Through empire of science – images from the lives of great scientists

1352: 1253: 1221: 994: 967: 823: 455: 440: 427: 210: 112: 3425: 3041: 2788:"On the Milankovitch orbital elements for pertubed Keplerian motion" 1976: 1833:"Ko je bio Milutin Milanković, jedan od najvećih umova svih vremena" 738:

and was skeptical that it could have complex life forms as well and

560: 316:

caused by changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the

2995: 1406:

At the same time, Milankovitch began publishing numerous books and

1387:. In the same year, he became a member of the Italian Institute of 1315:"The planets' motion around the Sun and their mutual perturbations" 898:

glaciation). Köppen felt that Milanković's theoretical approach to

4596: 4190: 4039: 4034: 3977: 2765:"Digitisation of textbook Nebeska mehanika by Milutin Milankovi´c" 2658:"Milutin Milanković and Associates in the Creation of the "Kanon"" 2308:

Atmospheric, Oceanic & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford

1771:

Pantic, N. (Hrsg.), Beograd: Zavod Nastavna Sredstva, 634 S., 1998

1620: 1479: 1356: 1348: 1278:

attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

1130: 920: 806: 743: 722: 700: 608:. Despite having valuable data on the distribution of ice ages on 546: 445: 406: 336: 309: 124: 3385:

M. S. Dimitrijević, Th. Theodossiou and P. Z. Mantarakis (2008).

811:

Mathematical Theory of Heat Phenomena Produced by Solar Radiation

4601: 3703:"Milanković's analysis of Newton's law of universal gravitation" 3323:

James W. C. White (2004). "PALEOCLIMATE: Do I Hear a Million?".

1735:

Srpska Kr. Akad. Pos. Izda’na 47: 52 S., Beograd: Sv. Sava, 1923

1698: 1674: 1658: 1469: 1437:

In 1955, Milankovitch retired from the position of professor of

1384: 1236:

led to the key evidence on the basis of studying the records of

1158: 1004:

Between 1925 and 1928 Milanković wrote the popular-science book

959: 879: 792: 730: 667: 609: 423: 412: 344: 340: 71: 3791: 2038:"О распореду сунчеве радијације на површини Земље (In Serbian)" 4606: 2186:

Szarka, László; Soon, Willie W.-H; Cionco, Rodolfo G. (2021).

1497:

Program for Scientific Translations, and was published by the

579:

While studying the works of the contemporaneous climatologist

468: 317: 304:", which characterizes the climates of all the planets of the 3366:

Mijajlović, Žarko; Pejović, Nadežda; Radović, Viktor (2018).

3040:

Romano, Marco; Rubidge, Bruce and Sardella, Raffaele (2021).

1244:

and polar wandering data, led the revival of the theories of

3280:

Richard A. Kerr (1999). "Why the Ice Ages Don't Keep Time".

2836:"Milankovic's "End of the World" by Vlado Milicevic p. 7/85" 2358: 2356: 1751:

Durch ferne Welten und Zeiten, Briefe eines Weltallbummlers.

1240:

in rocks over geological time. Paleomagnetic evidence, both

1029:

method. Mišković was a well-established astronomer from the

509:, which Milanković designed at the beginning of his career. 378:, member of the Commission 7 for celestial mechanics of the 3695:

Ice Age – Milankovitch Cycles – National Geographic Channel

2919: 2917: 2129:

Cvijanovic, Ivana; Lukovic, Jelena; Begg, James D. (2020).

1093:

Meanwhile, in 1936 he attended the Third symposium of the

1038:

Subsequently, Milanković wrote the introductory portion of

4230:

Telegram of Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia

2662:

Publications of the Astronomical Society "Rudjer Bošković"

1192:, which in the case of short-duration forces behaves as a 854:

northern latitude, where the most important events of the

3221:

Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments

1677:

at the 15th IAU General Assembly in 1973. Since 1993 the

1641:, 5th degree. On 1935, he was awarded Greek decoration - 1321:"Secular wanderings of the rotational poles of the Earth" 850:

for the past 650,000 years for parallels of 55°, 60° and

837:. Köppen noted the usefulness of Milanković's theory for 3537:. This is a translation of the paper by Milankovitch in 2703:"Digitisation of textbook Nebeska mehanika by Milutin´c" 859:

100 days doing the calculations and prepared a graph of

638:

Distribution of the sun radiation on the earth's surface

2976:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

1330:"The ice age, its mechanism, structure and chronology". 1103:

New Results of the Astronomic Theory of Climate Changes

528:

to work as an Associate Professor at the Department of

394:. He registered multiple patents related to this area. 3622:"EGU – Awards & Medals – Milutin Milankovic Medal" 3387:"Milutin Milanković and Reform of the Julian Calendar" 3224:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 911. 1035:

Astronomical Observatory of the University of Belgrade

454:

In October 1896, at the age of seventeen, he moved to

3011:"The First Yugoslav National Committee for Astronomy" 2933:. Belgrade: Königlich Serbishe Akademie. p. 622. 1420:

History of astronomy – from its beginnings up to 1727

2124: 2122: 2120: 1669:

General Assembly in 1970. His name is also given to

1212:

At the same time, Milanković wrote four sections of

1021:

In 1927, Milanković asked his colleague and friend,

4677:

Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

4578: 4487: 4466: 4450: 4441: 4265: 4238: 4210: 4170: 4089: 4082: 3894: 3873: 3825: 3080:

Frozen Earth: The Once and Future Story of Ice Ages

2366:

Frozen Earth: The Once and Future Story of Ice Ages

2260:"Milankovitch, the father of paleoclimate modeling" 2181: 2179: 2177: 1177:) in November 1930 during his fourth expedition to 417:

Cultural and Scientific Center "Milutin Milanković"

229: 209: 168: 140: 130: 120: 89: 57: 23: 2614: 1367:(1948–1958). In 1948, the General Assembly of the 863:changes at geographical latitudes of 55°, 60° and 3368:"First Serbian works on the theory of relativity" 2972:"Meeting of the International Astronomical Union" 775:, he described of Venus in the following words: 1645:. On December 20, 1938 he was awarded the Royal 1468:in 1958. He is buried in his family cemetery in 1324:"The Earth's insolation and its secular changes" 591:, 1792–1871) and then postulated by geologists ( 308:. The second contribution is the explanation of 273:; 28 May 1879 – 12 December 1958) was a Serbian 3445:"The curious case of the Milankovitch calendar" 3083:. University of California Press. p. 132. 2396:Journal of the British Astronomical Association 2369:. University of California Press. p. 123. 2226:"W. H. Calvin's THE ASCENT OF MIND (Chapter 4)" 1633:, 3rd degree. On 1925, he was awarded Tunisian 1062:in 1939. In 1935 Milanković published the book 942:(41,000-year cycle – from 22.1° to 24.5°), and 644:, and was soon published in the German journal 3731:Life and Scientific Work of Milutin Milanković 3644:"Milutin Milankovitch : Feature Articles" 3554:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. Ch. 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12. 3110:. Israel Program for Scientific Translations. 2016:"Прилог теорији математске климе (In Serbian)" 1379:began. In 1953, he was at the Congress of the 682:as a prisoner of war, in the following words: 599:in the 1875). Milanković studied the works of 422:Milutin Milanković was born in the village of 415:in which Milanković was born today houses the 4687:Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown 3803: 2613:John Imbrie; Katherine Palmer Imbrie (1986). 2589:Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory 2100:Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory 1753:389 S. – Leipzig: Koehler & Amelang, 1936 1729:, XVI, 338 S. – Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1920 1542:In 1999, it was shown that variations in the 473:Contribution to the Theory of Pressure Curves 31: 8: 4742:Academic staff of the University of Belgrade 3578:B. Blackburn and L. Holford-Strevens (1999) 3391:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 3062:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2686:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1769:Canon of Insolation and the Ice-Age Problem. 1763:Canon of insolation and the ice-age problem. 1252:in the 1960s and 1970s. Unlike Milankovic's 3550:D. D. McCarthy and P. K. Seidelmann (2009) 2792:Celastial Mechanics and Dinamical Astronomy 1381:International Union for Quaternary Research 1285:house and brought greetings from Professor 1095:International Union for Quaternary Research 755:thickness and composition of the atmosphere 650:. He correctly calculated the intensity of 4447: 4086: 3810: 3796: 3788: 3750: 3646:. Earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 24 March 2000 3552:TIME From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics 2786:Rosengren, A. J.; Scheeres, D. J. (2014). 1827: 1825: 1307:, 626 pages in quarto, and was printed in 20: 3582:. Oxford University Press, pp. 688, 692. 3468: 2570: 2283: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2146: 1959: 1863: 1568:) which produced strong evidence against 987:International Meteorological Organization 958:, which are influenced by gravity of the 2168:Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke 2131:"One hundred years of Milanković cycles" 2045:Београд: Глас Српске краљевске академије 2023:Београд: Глас Српске краљевске академије 1693:discovered in 1936 has also been dubbed 1665:, which was later confirmed at the 14th 1599:adopted the calendar; however, only the 800:other planets. He formulated a precise, 2482:. Oxford University Press. p. 52. 2465:. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. p. 335. 1792: 1651:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union 1447:The Tower of Babel of modern technology 1196:, but under an influence behaves as an 4672:Members of the Serbian Orthodox Church 3055: 2679: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1629:On June 25, 1923 he was conferred the 1580:is the same in every reference frame. 1460:In September 1957, Milutin suffered a 1303:The "Canon" was issued in 1941 by the 1625:Milanković on a 2019 stamp of Serbia. 1410:on the history of science, including 1117:later developed this theory further. 997:in 1873) as a predecessor of present 817:Orbital variations and ice age cycles 784:He also discussed the possibility of 532:that comprised three basic branches: 268: 216:Beitrag zur Theorie der Druck-kurven 7: 4189:Singing to the accompaniment of the 3741:Precession and the Milanković Theory 2621:. Harvard University Press. p. 2228:. Williamcalvin.com. 1 December 1994 2170:(147) – via Books of Jeremiah. 979:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 771:(207 °F). In his literary work 517:of equally thick walls is that of a 439:attended secondary school in nearby 384:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 4682:Recipients of the Order of St. Sava 3721:Milankovitch theory hits and misses 3372:Publ. Astron. Soc. "Ruđer Bošković" 2947:. Scc.digital.nb.rs. Archived from 2512:Vestnik of St Petersburg University 1643:Phoenix Battalion Commander's Cross 1412:Isaac Newton and Newton's Principia 1393:Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldina" 690:His wife went to Vienna to talk to 426:, a settlement on the banks of the 374:, Milanković was a director of the 3218:Vivien Gornitz (31 October 2008). 2097:W. Schwarzacher (24 August 1993). 1940:History of Geo- and Space Sciences 1713:Milanković was a great admirer of 458:to study Civil Engineering at the 14: 4667:People from the Kingdom of Serbia 3667:Bulletin Astronomique de Belgrade 3403:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2008.01.05 1782:History of climate change science 1428:Twenty-two centuries of Chemistry 999:World Meteorological Organization 3864: 3600:"EGS – Milutin Milankovic Medal" 1858:(2). Springerlink.com: 185–210. 1369:International Astronomical Union 1086:He applied vector calculus from 1007:Through Distant Worlds and Times 773:Through Distant Worlds and Times 380:International Astronomical Union 235: 40: 4732:Serbian science fiction writers 4240:Man and the Biosphere Programme 3424:Dimitrijević, Мilan S. (2019). 2443:10.1090/S0002-9904-1923-03773-7 1531:. In 1988, a new major project 1135:Coal mining in Svalbard on 1908 904:Climates of the geological past 882:glaciations known at the time ( 768:greenhouse effect (water vapor) 3736:Solar Radiation and Milanković 1918:Nisevac gorge and railway line 1846:Federico Foce (October 2007). 1733:Reforma julijanskog kalendara. 1052:Handbuch der Klimalogie Band 1 802:numerical climatological model 261: 1: 3151:10.1126/science.194.4270.1121 3015:Public. Astron. Obs. Belgrade 2617:Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery 1604:not until the development of 1033:, who became the head of the 362:A distinguished professor of 270:[milǔtinmilǎːnkoʋitɕ] 47: 16:Serbian scientist (1879–1958) 4358:Monument to the Unknown Hero 4248:Nature park Golija-Studenica 4172:Intangible Cultural Heritage 4118:Medieval Monuments in Kosovo 3294:10.1126/science.285.5427.503 3259:10.1126/science.285.5427.564 1683:European Geophysical Society 1601:removal of 1–13 October 1923 1574:special theory of relativity 1248:and its transformation into 711:Hungarian Academy of Science 324:. This partly explained the 4752:20th-century Serbian people 4727:Serbian non-fiction writers 4408:Šar Mountains National Park 3104:Milutin Milanković (1969). 2852:M. S. Dimitrijević (2002). 2724:M. S. Dimitrijević (2002). 2321:M. S. Dimitrijević (2002). 2162:Vemić, Mirčeta (May 2022). 1879:M. S. Dimitrijević (2002). 1647:Order of the Yugoslav Crown 1566:Michelson–Morley experiment 1503:National Science Foundation 1499:U.S. Department of Commerce 1432:Technology in Ancient times 1365:Serbian Academy of Sciences 1318:"The rotation of the Earth" 4778: 3929:Only Unity Saves the Serbs 3819:National symbols of Serbia 3046:Sociatà Geologica Italiana 2392:"The Venus oceans problem" 2192:Advances in Space Research 1975:Fleming, James R. (2021). 1703:On the Shoulders of Giants 1587: 1484:Monument to Milanković in 1124: 833:and from the geophysicist 574: 4757:Serbian Austro-Hungarians 4630: 4303:Fruška Gora National Park 3862: 3776: 3766: 3758: 3753: 3539:Astronomische Nachrichten 3486:Astronomische Nachrichten 3077:J. D. Macdougall (2006). 2970:Wilson, Ralph E. (1948). 2423:"Review: M. Milankovitch 2363:J. D. Macdougall (2006). 2212:10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.020 2001:10.1017/S1755691021000098 1865:10.1007/s00004-007-0039-9 1745:Mathematische Klimalehre. 1649:3rd degree. In 1965, the 1597:Eastern Orthodox churches 443:, completing it in 1896. 430:in what was then part of 390:constructions throughout 234: 225: 161: 39: 32: 30: 3506:10.1002/asna.19232202303 3470:10.5194/hgss-10-235-2019 2927:Kanon der Erdbestrahlung 2924:M. Milankovitch (1941). 2892:"Video – Ice Age Cycles" 2592:. Elsevier. p. 29. 2586:W. Schwarzacher (1993). 2456:M. Milankovitch (1920). 2103:. Elsevier. p. 43. 2084:10.1002/andp.19143480406 1681:has been awarded by the 1679:Milutin Milankovic Medal 1451:Pieter Bruegel the Elder 1090:to celestial mechanics. 1046:), published by Köppen ( 970:, form the basis of the 698:with the right to work. 4717:Serbian civil engineers 4266:Monuments and locations 3886:Country codes of Serbia 3337:10.1126/science.1100084 2476:Roger M. McCoy (2006). 2390:Dauvillier, A. (1976). 2299:Read, Peter L. (2013). 2285:10.5194/cp-17-1727-2021 2148:10.5194/cp-17-1727-2021 2036:Миланковић, М. (1913). 2014:Миланковић, М. (1912). 1961:10.5194/hgss-13-23-2022 1804:Encyclopædia Britannica 1701:, in their edition of " 1657:on the far side of the 1590:Revised Julian calendar 1584:Revised Julian calendar 1202:terrestrial outer shell 1048:Handbook of Climatology 450:Milanković as a student 432:Austro-Hungarian Empire 4712:Serbian mathematicians 4702:Serbian climatologists 4328:Kopaonik National Park 4067:Migration of the Serbs 3602:. Egu.eu. 8 March 2010 2258:Berger, André (2021). 1626: 1489: 1238:Earth's magnetic field 1136: 1066:. This textbook used 934:(100,000-year cycle – 927: 782: 706: 688: 658:At the same time, the 552: 526:University of Belgrade 496:Structural engineering 451: 419: 382:and vice-president of 372:University of Belgrade 295:popularizer of science 4707:Serbian geophysicists 4467:Fathers of the Nation 4378:Petrovaradin Fortress 3770:Faculty of Philosophy 3701:Rusov, Lazar (2009). 3568:10.1002/9783527627943 3443:Gajić, Nenad (2019). 2572:10.1515/geo-2019-0021 2503:Thiede, Jörn (2018). 2431:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 2421:P. J. Daniel (1923). 1934:Ateş, M. Efe (2022). 1852:Nexus Network Journal 1635:Nichan Iftikhar Order 1624: 1559:On the speed of light 1483: 1305:Royal Serbian Academy 1207:isostatic equilibrium 1134: 983:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 946:(23,000-year cycle – 924: 777: 704: 684: 550: 449: 410: 4298:Đerdap National Park 4283:Church of Saint Sava 4220:Nikola Tesla Archive 4160:Grčko groblje (Hrta) 4091:World Heritage Sites 3936:Three-fingers salute 3762:Vladimir K. Petković 3449:Hist. Geo Space. Sci 3009:B. Arbutina (2021). 1800:Milutin Milankovitch 1443:history of astronomy 1058:and translated into 757:. He was awere with 471:thesis was entitled 376:Belgrade Observatory 353:descriptive sciences 254:Milutin Milankovitch 46:Milutin Milanković, 4697:Serbian astronomers 4212:Memory of the World 4155:Mramorje (Rastište) 4128:Patriarchate of Peć 4074:Serbian epic poetry 4030:Musical instruments 3726:Milankovitch cycles 3679:1997BABel.155..169I 3533:1924PA.....32..407S 3498:1924AN....220..379M 3461:2019HGSS...10..235G 3331:(5677): 1609–1610. 3189:"Welcome to nginx!" 3143:1976Sci...194.1121H 3137:(4270): 1121–1132. 3116:1969ciip.book.....M 3027:2021POBeo.100..185A 2988:1948PASP...60..281W 2896:National Geographic 2870:2002AN....323..570D 2763:N. Pejović (2011). 2742:2002AN....323..570D 2701:N. Pejović (2011). 2674:2020PASRB..20..123J 2563:2019OGeo...11...21J 2408:1976JBAA...86..147D 2339:2002AN....323..570D 2276:2021CliPa..17.1727B 2264:Climate of the Past 2204:2021AdSpR..67..700S 2076:1914AnP...348..623M 1993:2021EESTR.112..239F 1952:2022HGSS...13...23A 1897:2002AN....323..570D 1439:celestial mechanics 1282:bombing of Belgrade 1271:Milankovitch cycles 1139:Conversations with 1097:(INQUA) in Vienna. 1064:Celestial Mechanics 985:became a member of 910:and his son-in-law 839:paleoclimatological 622:theoretical physics 618:celestial mechanics 575:Planet's insolation 542:theoretical physics 538:celestial mechanics 530:Applied Mathematics 485:Ludwig von Tetmajer 388:reinforced concrete 368:celestial mechanics 364:applied mathematics 349:celestial mechanics 322:Milankovitch cycles 153:Milankovitch cycles 4692:Serbian scientists 4547:Slobodan Jovanović 4541:Milutin Milanković 4413:Tara National Park 4403:Smederevo Fortress 4348:Mileševa monastery 4343:Manasija monastery 4323:Krušedol monastery 4150:Mramorje (Perućac) 4133:Our Lady of Ljeviš 3998:Karađorđeva šnicla 2816:. 12 December 1958 2064:Annalen der Physik 1691:main belt asteroid 1627: 1490: 1137: 989:– IMO (founded in 972:Milankovitch cycle 956:orbital variations 928: 715:mathematical model 707: 647:Annalen der Physik 614:spherical geometry 553: 452: 420: 262:Милутин Миланковић 246:Milutin Milanković 33:Милутин Миланковић 25:Milutin Milanković 4639: 4638: 4617:Natalie's ramonda 4574: 4573: 4553:Dositej Obradović 4278:Belgrade Fortress 4261: 4260: 4253:Gornje Podunavlje 3786: 3785: 3777:Succeeded by 3754:Academic offices 3521:Popular Astronomy 3492:(5279): 379–384. 3288:(5427): 503–505. 3231:978-1-4020-4551-6 3090:978-0-520-24824-3 2902:on 2 October 2011 2489:978-0-19-977495-1 2376:978-0-520-24824-3 2135:Nature Geoscience 2110:978-0-08-086966-7 1709:Interesting facts 1695:1605 Milankovitch 1639:White Eagle Order 1617:Awards and honors 1595:congress of some 1246:continental drift 1183:centrifugal force 1145:continental drift 1088:quantum mechanics 1023:Vojislav Mišković 557:Kingdom of Serbia 243: 242: 163:Scientific career 4769: 4662:People from Dalj 4523:Nadežda Petrović 4511:Stevan Mokranjac 4448: 4318:Justiniana Prima 4313:Golubac Fortress 4087: 3956:National costume 3868: 3867: 3855:State decoration 3826:Official symbols 3812: 3805: 3798: 3789: 3774:1926–1927 3759:Preceded by 3751: 3717: 3710:FME Transcations 3707: 3683: 3682: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3596: 3590: 3576: 3570: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3195:. 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author of 1031:Nice Observatory 906:", published by 672:Austro-Hungarian 567:railway, in the 272: 267: 263: 258:Serbian Cyrillic 239: 221: 196:paleoclimatology 96: 93:12 December 1958 84: 67: 65: 52: 49: 44: 35: 34: 21: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4722:Serbian writers 4642: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4626: 4622:Serbian ramonda 4570: 4537:(Industrialist) 4505:Petar II Njegoš 4489: 4483: 4479:Miloš Obrenović 4462: 4437: 4428:Vinča-Belo Brdo 4418:Trajan's Bridge 4338:Maglič Fortress 4288:Deliblato Sands 4257: 4234: 4225:Miroslav Gospel 4206: 4196:Zlakusa pottery 4166: 4078: 3917:Triballian boar 3890: 3881:Names of Serbia 3874:Names and codes 3869: 3865: 3860: 3821: 3816: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3705: 3700: 3691: 3686: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3577: 3573: 3549: 3545: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3279: 3278: 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Nachr 2855: 2848: 2845: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2730:Astron. Nachr 2727: 2720: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2634: 2632:9780674440753 2628: 2624: 2619: 2618: 2609: 2606: 2601: 2599:9780080869667 2595: 2591: 2590: 2582: 2579: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2518:(2): 230–250. 2517: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2496: 2491: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2472: 2469: 2461: 2460: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2426: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2386: 2383: 2378: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2327:Astron. Nachr 2324: 2317: 2314: 2309: 2302: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2158: 2155: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2039: 2032: 2029: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1971: 1968: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885:Astron. Nachr 1882: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1655:impact crater 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1623: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1591: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570:aether theory 1567: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1487: 1482: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1401:Saxony-Anhalt 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1336: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175:heart failure 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1133: 1128: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1081:perturbations 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1054:) in 1930 in 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1016:Barthel Eberl 1012: 1009: 1008: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 923: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 836: 832: 827: 825: 816: 814: 812: 808: 803: 797: 794: 789: 787: 786:life on Venus 781: 776: 774: 769: 765: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 732: 728: 724: 719: 716: 712: 703: 699: 697: 693: 687: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 653: 649: 648: 643: 639: 635: 631: 625: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 602: 598: 594: 593:Louis Agassiz 590: 589:John Herschel 586: 582: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 549: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 522: 520: 516: 510: 508: 504: 495: 490: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 465: 461: 457: 448: 444: 442: 437: 433: 429: 425: 418: 414: 411:The house in 409: 402: 397: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 312:'s long-term 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 283:climatologist 280: 276: 275:mathematician 271: 259: 255: 251: 247: 238: 233: 228: 224: 217: 214: 212: 208: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 173: 171: 167: 164: 160: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 114: 110: 106: 102: 92: 88: 82: 77: 73: 60: 56: 43: 38: 29: 22: 19: 4540: 4531:(Geographer) 4529:Jovan Cvijić 4517:Nikola Tesla 4499:Vuk Karadžić 4383:Ram Fortress 4363:Niš Fortress 4333:Lepenski Vir 4273:Bač Fortress 3951:Serbian name 3853: 3846: 3841:Coat of arms 3839: 3832: 3768:Dean of the 3767: 3713: 3709: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3648:. 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