1206:
1518:
1472:
397:
1199:
903:
1603:
1385:
754:
74:
28:
406:
1113:
1610:
502:
1336:
1248:
921:
530:
1285:
1329:
1141:
1570:
1303:
1432:
1080:
1173:
514:
490:
1596:
1053:
1458:
1106:
1542:
145:
129:
113:
81:
97:
1943:
1465:
1060:".......... be divided. The Samgha both of monks and of nuns is made united as long as (my) sons and great-grandsons (shall reign, and) as long as the moon and the sun (shall shine). The monk or nun who shall break up the Samgha, must be caused to put on white robes and to reside in a non-residence. For my desire is that the Samgha may be united (and) of long duration."
1577:
1310:
1439:
1087:
1180:
1292:"On the order of the Beloved of the Gods, the officers everywhere are to be instructed that whatever may be the gift of the second queen, whether a mango-grove, a monastery, an institution for dispensing charity or any other donation, it is to be counted to the credit of that queen โฆ the second queen, the mother of Tฤซvala, Kฤruvฤkฤซ."
546:"On the order of the Beloved of the Gods, the officers everywhere are to be instructed that whatever may be the gift of the second queen, whether a mango-grove, a monastery, an institution for dispensing charity or any other donation, it is to be counted to the credit of that queen โฆ the second queen, the mother of
480:
has been united, and this unity should last for as long as my sons and great grandsons, and the moon and the sun. Whoever creates a schism in the Order, whether monk or nun, is to be dressed in white garments, and to be put in a place not inhabited by monks or nuns. For it is my wish that the Order
289:. However they are often associated with some of the artistically most sophisticated pillar capitals of Ashoka. This fact led some authors to think that the most sophisticated capitals were actually the earliest in the sequence of Ashokan pillars and that style degraded over a short period of time.
564:
Although generally catalogued among the "Minor Pillar Edicts", the two inscriptions found in
Lumbini and at Nigali Sagar are in the past tense and in the ordinary third person (not the royal third person), suggesting that are not pronouncements of Ashoka himself, but rather later commemorations of
315:, yet filled with deep remorse for the bloodshed of the war. Although he was a major historical figure, little definitive information was known as there were few records of his reign until the 19th century when a large number of his edicts, inscribed on rocks and pillars, were found in
953:
According to Irwin, the Brahmi inscriptions on the
Sarnath and Sanchi pillars were made by inexperienced Indian engravers at a time when stone engraving was still new in India, whereas the very refined Sarnath capital itself was made under the tutelage of craftsmen from the former
444:
pillars. These are among the earliest inscriptions of Ashoka, at a time when inscription techniques in India where not yet mature. In contrast, the lion capitals crowning these edicts (Sarnath and Sanchi) are the most refined of those produced during the time of Ashoka.
1374:
was born here. (He) both caused to be made a stone bearing a horse (?)and caused a stone pillar to be set up, (in order to show) that the
Blessed One was born here. (He) made the village of Lummini free of taxes, and paying (only) an eighth share (of the
331:. These many edicts were concerned with practical instructions in running a kingdom such as the design of irrigation systems and descriptions of Ashoka's beliefs in peaceful moral behavior. They contain little personal detail about his life.
949:
which crowned the very clumsily inscribed Schism Edict of Sanchi. These edicts were probably made at the beginning of the reign of Ashoka (reigned 262-233 BCE), from the year 12 of his reign, that is, from 256 BCE.
1148:"... path is prescribed both for the monks and for the nuns. As long as (my) sons and great-grandsons (shall reign ; and) as long as the Moon and the Sun (shall endure), the monk or nun who shall cause divisions in the
965:
The
Rummindei and Nigali Sagar edicts, inscribed on pillars erected by Ashoka later in his reign (19th and 20th year) display a high level of inscriptional technique with a good regularity in the lettering.
924:
The
Kosambi-Allahabad Schism Edict, as the Sarnath or Sanchi Schism Edicts, display low inscriptional skills. They were made by inexperienced Indian engravers at a time when stone engraving was still new in
642:
was born here. (He) both caused to be made a stone bearing a horse (?) and caused a stone pillar to be set up, (in order to show) that the
Blessed One was born here. (He) made the village of
2026:"Dr. Fuhrer went from Nigliva to Rummindei where another Priyadasin lat has been discovered... and an inscription about 3 feet below surface, had been opened by the Nepalese" in
1499:"Devanam piyena piyadasin lajina- chodasavasa bhisitena Budhasa Konakamanasa thube-dutyam vadhite Visativa sabhisitena โcha atana-agacha-mahiyite silathabe-cha usa papite"
2250:
1644:
929:
The inscription technique of the early Edicts, particularly the Schism Edcits at
Sarnath, Sanchi and Kosambi-Allahabad, is very poor compared for example to the later
241:
167:
958:, trained in Perso-Hellenistic statuary and employed by Ashoka. This suggests that the most sophisticated capitals were actually the earliest in the sequence of
73:
1205:
2182:
2000:
1986:
933:, however the Minor Pillar Edicts are often associated with some of the artistically most sophisticated pillar capitals of Ashoka, such as the renowned
292:
These were probably made at the beginning of the reign of Ashoka (reigned 262-233 BCE), from 12th year of his reign, that is, from 250 BCE.
1517:
565:
his visits in the area. Being commemorative, these two inscriptions may have been written significantly later than the other
Ashokan inscriptions.
270:) at 5 locations which are among the earliest dated inscriptions of any Indian monarch. A full English translation of the Edicts was published by
2166:
2062:
1152:, shall be compelled to put on white robes and to reside apart. For what is my desire ? That the Sangha may be united and may long endure."
1067:
1970:
311:, reigning from around 269 BCE. Ashoka famously converted to Buddhism and renounced violence soon after being victorious in a gruesome
2235:
1479:
1471:
757:
Lumbini
Rummindei pillar at time of discovery in 1896, with location of the inscription, which was hidden about 1 meter under ground level.
1750:
1213:
1926:
1703:
1569:
1343:
1275:
And also that monk or nun (who) shall break up the Samgha, should be caused to put on white robes and to reside in a non-residence.
1120:
501:
1198:
489:
396:
2210:
1693:
1302:
1024:
1431:
1079:
227:
1834:
1602:
1172:
902:
1384:
753:
638:
When King
Devanampriya Priyadarsin had been anointed twenty years, he came himself and worshipped (this spot) because the
234:
2015:
513:
2245:
2225:
1698:
2230:
574:
2240:
1713:
1683:
448:
All the Schism edits are rather fragmentary, but the similarity of their messages permit a clear reconstruction:
481:
should remain united and endure for long. This is to be made known to the Order of monks and the Order of nuns."
1708:
1654:
27:
1634:
1609:
1112:
405:
1335:
1247:
920:
1678:
1284:
1031:
946:
934:
529:
285:(12th year of his reign). The inscription technique is generally poor compared for example to the later
1328:
1140:
1785:
The True Chronology of Aลokan Pillars, John Irwin, Artibus Asiae, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1983), pp. 247-265
1649:
2140:
The Geopolitical Orbits of Ancient India: The Geographical Frames of the ... by Dilip K Chakrabarty
2121:
1786:
840:
and in the 20th year of his reign, having come in person, paid reverence and set up a stone pillar".
1911:
1512:
and in the 20th year of his reign, having come in person, paid reverence and set up a stone pillarโ
1238:
930:
286:
214:
2120:
The True Chronology of Aลokan Pillars, John Irwin, Artibus Asiae, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1983), pp. 264
2100:
1884:
1416:
1595:
1761:
2255:
1966:
1960:
1922:
1659:
1526:
1509:
1371:
975:
959:
955:
837:
782:
639:
415:
340:
282:
278:
267:
209:
199:
2141:
2092:
1876:
1813:
1801:
1688:
1639:
1220:
1052:
538:
263:
189:
1457:
1541:
1370:
had been anointed twenty years, he came himself and worshipped (this spot) because the
1130:
1105:
537:
Ashoka announces that his second queen should be credited for her gifts. Found on the
2153:
1802:"Les maximes delphiques d'Aรฏ Khanoum et la formation de la doctrine du dhamma d'Asoka"
2219:
2195:
1907:
1553:
1530:
1405:
1042:
820:
805:
626:
611:
473:
372:
304:
271:
1842:
1583:
1534:
1485:
995:
781:, Ashoka mentions his dedication for the enlargement of the Stupa dedicated to the
778:
772:
667:
477:
454:
364:
135:
2029:
1942:
266:(Schism Edict, Queen's Edict, 2 Commemorative inscriptions) inscribed on columns(
1505:
1367:
833:
743:
462:
328:
312:
1718:
851:๐ค๐๐ฏ๐ธ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐บ๐ฌ๐๐ฆ ๐ง๐บ๐ฌ๐ค๐ฒ๐บ๐ฆ ๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐บ๐ฆ ๐๐๐ค๐ฒ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ ๐ช๐บ๐ฒ๐บ๐ข๐๐ฆ
1508:
in the 14th year of his reign enlarged for the second time the stupa of the
1464:
1413:
1397:
1316:
1225:
991:
987:
836:
in the 14th year of his reign enlarged for the second time the stupa of the
693:
671:
653:
441:
360:
352:
157:
119:
1817:
974:
The Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka are exclusively inscribed on some of the
717:
551:
324:
706:๐ฒ๐บ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฏ๐บ๐๐ฅ๐ช๐บ๐๐ธ๐๐ธ๐ณ๐ธ๐ง๐บ๐ข ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฃ๐ช๐๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ง๐ธ๐ง๐บ๐ข๐
339:
Asokaโs Minor Pillar Edicts are exclusively inscribed on several of the
2104:
1888:
1664:
1445:
1401:
1351:
1229:
1093:
1038:
983:
938:
816:
643:
622:
580:
458:
433:
368:
356:
344:
151:
87:
1921:(3rd ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 388โ390.
1548:
This inscription has the first known instance of the use of the word "
1409:
1393:
1389:
1186:
1159:
1149:
1126:
979:
942:
689:
584:
547:
469:
437:
429:
419:
348:
300:
281:(11th year of his reign) and may have been made in parallel with the
259:
103:
2096:
2049:
Basanta Bidari - 2004 Kapilavastu: the world of Siddhartha - Page 87
1962:
Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia
1880:
1549:
1516:
1489:
1383:
1355:
1233:
919:
646:
free of taxes, and paying (only) an eighth share (of the produce).
588:
528:
320:
316:
308:
61:
57:
941:
Minor Pillar Edict, or the very similar, but less well preserved
875:๐ฏ๐บ๐ฒ๐ข๐บ๐ฏ ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ช๐บ๐ฒ๐บ๐ข๐๐ฆ๐ ๐
๐ข๐ฆ ๐
๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐ณ๐ป๐ฌ๐บ๐ข๐
675:
2194:
Amaravati: The Art of an early Buddhist Monument in context.
2083:
Irwin, John (1983). "The True Chronology of Aลokan Pillars".
1867:
Irwin, John (1983). "The True Chronology of Aลokan Pillars".
1623:
1540:
1283:
1246:
1139:
1269:....................should not be received into the Samgha.
863:๐ฉ๐ผ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฆ๐ธ๐๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ผ๐ข๐บ๐ฌ๐ ๐ฏ๐ ๐บ๐ข๐
962:
and that style degraded over a short period of time.
857:
Devฤnampiyena piyadasina lajina codasavasฤ bhisitena
720:๐๐ธ๐ข๐ข๐บ ๐ฎ๐ผ๐๐ซ๐บ๐ฆ๐บ๐๐ธ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ฉ๐ฎ๐บ๐๐๐๐๐
683:
Devฤnaแนpiyena Piyadasina lฤjina vฤซsati-vasฤbhisitena
711:
silฤ vigaแธabhฤซ cฤ kฤlฤpita silฤ-thabhe ca usapฤpite
53:
45:
37:
20:
1912:"Appendix V: A Translation of the Edicts of Aลoka"
1066:Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch
2168:Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch
2064:Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch
2002:Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch
701:atana ฤgฤca mahฤซyite hida Budhe jฤte Sakyamuni ti
277:These edicts are preceded chronologically by the
1760:. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Archived from
1645:History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent
656:Edict, one of the Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka.
1497:
1363:
1282:
1245:
1138:
1050:
846:
829:
725:hida Bhagavaแน jฤte ti Luแนmini-gฤme ubalike kaแนญe
662:
635:
543:
450:
171:Locations of the Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka.
2057:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2041:
235:
8:
881:Visativa sฤbhisitenaโca atana-agฤca-mahฤซyite
1965:. Princeton University Press. p. 246.
1829:
1827:
1795:
1793:
1000:
787:
593:
242:
228:
180:
144:
17:
2211:On The Origin Of The Early Indian Scripts
1381:Ashoka inscription on the Lumbini pillar.
1261:The Mahamatras of Kosambi................
869:Budhasa Konฤkamanasa thube-dutyam vaแธhite
32:Minor Pillar Edict on the Sarnath pillar.
2251:Tourist attractions in Junagadh district
2078:
2076:
2074:
1954:
1952:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1862:
1860:
1051:
901:
900:
828:
752:
751:
634:
595:Rummindei pillar, inscription of Ashoka
533:Allahabad, Kosambi pillar, Queen's Edict
428:Asokaโs injunction against shism in the
1738:
485:
188:
2185:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 164-165
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
1989:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 164-165
1751:"Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas"
970:Description of the Minor Pillar Edicts
793:
599:
2116:
2114:
2028:Calcutta, Maha Bodhi Society (1921).
1237:Schism Edict, Queen's Edict. Several
1006:
468:No one is to cause dissention in the
7:
1919:Aลoka and the Decline of the Mauryas
1744:
1742:
1576:
1265:.....................is made united.
688:๐
๐ข๐ฆ๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐ณ๐ป๐ฌ๐บ๐ข๐ ๐ณ๐บ๐ค
128:
2152:John Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
767:The Nigali Sagar pillar inscription
1244:Allahabad Schism Edict of Ashoka:
14:
2171:(in Sanskrit). 1925. p. 160.
2067:(in Sanskrit). 1925. p. 165.
1959:Beckwith, Christopher I. (2017).
1704:List of rock-cut temples in India
1309:
422:, with its Schism Edict (detail).
1941:
1694:Indian copper plate inscriptions
1608:
1601:
1594:
1575:
1568:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1437:
1430:
1334:
1327:
1308:
1301:
1204:
1197:
1178:
1171:
1111:
1104:
1085:
1078:
1049:Sarnath Schism Edict of Ashoka:
742:Adapted from transliteration by
678:๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ป๐ฒ๐ข๐บ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ช๐บ๐ฒ๐บ๐ข๐๐ฆ
512:
500:
488:
404:
395:
143:
127:
111:
95:
79:
72:
26:
1438:
1137:Sanchi Schism Edict of Ashoka:
1086:
583:, location of the birth of the
579:Records the visit of Ashoka to
495:Kosambi-Allahabad Schism Edict.
355:(a pillar initially located in
335:List of the Minor Pillar Edicts
112:
80:
1496:Nigali Sagar Edict of Ashoka:
1179:
1002:Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka
569:The Lumbini pillar inscription
96:
1:
1806:Dialogues d'Histoire Ancienne
1255:Devanampriya commands (thus).
887:๐ฒ๐บ๐ฎ๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ง๐ง๐บ๐ข๐
303:was the third monarch of the
21:Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka
1800:Yailenko, Valeri P. (1990).
1699:Indian rock-cut architecture
2236:Linguistic history of India
2005:(in Sanskrit). p. 164.
1835:"The Edicts of King Ashoka"
1362:Rummindei Edict of Ashoka:
906:Rubbing of the inscription.
2272:
1218:
845:
770:
661:
575:Lumbini pillar inscription
572:
560:Commemorative inscriptions
262:refer to 4 separate minor
1714:South Indian Inscriptions
1684:Hindu temple architecture
1280:Allahabad Queen's Edict:
1241:(1-6) are also inscribed.
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
378:These pillar edicts are:
67:
25:
1709:Outline of ancient India
1655:List of Edicts of Ashoka
1016:Pillar & inscription
142:
126:
110:
94:
78:
1635:Ancient iron production
1552:" (here spelled in the
1366:When King Devanampriya
893:silathabe-ca usa papite
457:orders the officers of
184:Part of a series on the
2016:British Library Online
1749:Romila Thapar (1997).
1679:Early Indian epigraphy
1562:
1545:
1538:
1529:") inscription in the
1523:Budha-sa Konฤkamana-sa
1424:
1420:
1295:
1288:
1278:
1251:
1165:
1144:
1072:
1056:
1032:Lion Capital of Ashoka
935:Lion Capital of Ashoka
926:
916:Inscription techniques
907:
898:
843:
758:
749:
659:
557:
534:
484:
367:. They are all in the
2183:Inscriptions of Asoka
2181:Hultzsch, E. /1925).
1999:Hultzsch, E. (1925).
1987:Inscriptions of Asoka
1985:Hultzsch, E. (1925).
1818:10.3406/dha.1990.1467
1544:
1520:
1387:
1287:
1250:
1162:on the Sanchi pillar.
1143:
1055:
923:
905:
756:
532:
418:in polished stone at
1673:Other similar topics
1650:Iron pillar of Delhi
668:๐ค๐๐ฏ๐ธ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐บ๐ฌ๐
519:Sarnath Schism Edit.
507:Sanchi Schism Edict.
168:class=notpageimage|
2246:Memorials to Ashoka
2226:Indian inscriptions
1758:Columbia University
1493:Nigali Sagar Edict.
1239:Major Pillar Edicts
1214:Allahabad (Kosambi)
1003:
931:Major Pillar Edicts
790:
789:Nigali Sagar Edict
596:
455:Beloved of the Gods
389:Sanchi Schism Edict
287:Major Pillar Edicts
256:Minor Pillar Edicts
215:Major Pillar Edicts
205:Minor Pillar Edicts
2231:History of Gujarat
2156:Public Domain text
2091:(4): 250&264.
1546:
1539:
1504:โHis Majesty King
1421:
1417:Minor Pillar Edict
1289:
1252:
1145:
1057:
1019:Capital/ Close-up
1001:
937:which crowned the
927:
908:
832:"His Majesty King
788:
759:
730:๐
๐๐ช๐ธ๐๐บ๐ฌ๐๐
594:
535:
258:of Indian Emperor
1972:978-0-691-17632-1
1729:
1728:
1660:Pillars of Ashoka
1616:
1615:
1527:Kanakamuni Buddha
1510:Buddha Kanakamuni
1372:Buddha Shakyamuni
976:Pillars of Ashoka
956:Achaemenid Empire
913:
912:
895:
883:
871:
859:
838:Buddha Kanakamuni
824:
809:
798:
783:Kanakamuni Buddha
764:
763:
736:
726:
712:
702:
684:
640:Buddha Shakyamuni
630:
615:
604:
525:The Queen's Edict
382:The Schism Edicts
371:language and the
341:Pillars of Ashoka
283:Major Rock Edicts
279:Minor Rock Edicts
268:Pillars of Ashoka
252:
251:
210:Major Rock Edicts
200:Minor Rock Edicts
179:
178:
160:
2263:
2241:Edicts of Ashoka
2198:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2123:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2080:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1916:
1904:
1893:
1892:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1845:on 14 March 2007
1841:. Archived from
1839:Ven. S. Dhammika
1831:
1822:
1821:
1797:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1755:
1746:
1689:History of India
1640:Dhar iron pillar
1624:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1422:
1419:(circa 250 BCE).
1400:" ("Sage of the
1359:Rummindei Edict.
1338:
1331:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1221:Allahabad pillar
1208:
1201:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1163:
1115:
1108:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1070:
1004:
891:
888:
879:
876:
867:
864:
855:
852:
814:
803:
796:
791:
747:
734:
731:
724:
721:
710:
707:
700:
697:
694:๐ฒ๐๐๐ฌ๐ซ๐ผ๐ฆ๐บ
682:
679:
657:
620:
609:
602:
597:
539:Allahabad pillar
516:
504:
492:
408:
399:
264:Edicts of Ashoka
244:
237:
230:
190:Edicts of Ashoka
181:
156:
147:
146:
131:
130:
115:
114:
99:
98:
83:
82:
76:
54:Present location
30:
18:
2271:
2270:
2266:
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2216:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2180:
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2160:
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2147:
2139:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2097:10.2307/3249612
2082:
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2072:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2010:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1973:
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1453:
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1450:
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1423:
1382:
1380:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1346:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1228:(originally in
1223:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1164:
1157:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1071:
1065:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1029:
1028:
1027:
972:
960:Ashokan pillars
918:
909:
897:
890:
889:
886:
884:
878:
877:
874:
872:
866:
865:
862:
860:
854:
853:
850:
813:
802:
801:Transliteration
795:
775:
760:
748:
741:
738:
735:aแนญha-bhฤgiye ca
733:
732:
729:
727:
723:
722:
715:
713:
709:
708:
705:
703:
699:
698:
687:
685:
681:
680:
666:
658:
651:
619:
608:
607:Transliteration
601:
577:
562:
520:
517:
508:
505:
496:
493:
472:. The Order of
432:. Found on the
426:
425:
424:
423:
414:Remains of the
411:
410:
409:
401:
400:
391:
390:
337:
298:
248:
219:
175:
174:
173:
172:
170:
164:
163:
162:
161:
155:
148:
140:
139:
138:
132:
124:
123:
122:
116:
108:
107:
106:
100:
92:
91:
90:
84:
49:3rd century BCE
33:
12:
11:
5:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2205:External links
2203:
2200:
2199:
2187:
2174:
2158:
2145:
2124:
2110:
2070:
2051:
2037:
2034:. p. 226.
2031:The Maha-Bodhi
2019:
2008:
1991:
1978:
1971:
1948:
1927:
1908:Thapar, Romila
1894:
1875:(4): 247โ265.
1856:
1823:
1789:
1778:
1767:on 17 May 2017
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1629:Related topics
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416:Ashokan Pillar
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394:
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388:
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386:
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336:
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2178:
2175:
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2169:
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2159:
2155:
2149:
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2143:
2137:
2135:
2133:
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2129:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:Artibus Asiae
2079:
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2075:
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2066:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2042:
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2033:
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2023:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
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1968:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1953:
1949:
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1930:
1928:9780198077244
1924:
1920:
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1878:
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1869:Artibus Asiae
1863:
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1830:
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1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:(in French).
1807:
1803:
1796:
1794:
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1628:
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1618:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1554:Brahmi script
1551:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1531:Brahmi Script
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:Brahmi script
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
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1337:
1333:
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1326:
1318:
1304:
1297:
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1249:
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1227:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1134:Schism Edict.
1132:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1046:Schism Edict.
1044:
1043:Uttar Pradesh
1040:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
969:
967:
963:
961:
957:
951:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
922:
915:
904:
896:
894:
882:
870:
858:
842:
841:
839:
835:
827:
822:
821:Brahmi script
818:
811:
807:
806:Brahmi script
800:
792:
786:
784:
780:
774:
766:
765:
755:
745:
737:
719:
695:
691:
677:
673:
669:
655:
648:
647:
645:
641:
633:
628:
627:Brahmi script
624:
617:
613:
612:Brahmi script
606:
598:
592:
590:
587:, in today's
586:
582:
576:
568:
567:
566:
559:
556:
555:
553:
549:
542:
540:
531:
524:
523:
515:
510:
503:
498:
491:
486:
483:
482:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
463:Pฤแนญa(liputra)
460:
456:
449:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
421:
417:
407:
398:
381:
380:
379:
376:
374:
373:Brahmi script
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Maurya Empire
302:
295:
293:
290:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
272:Romila Thapar
269:
265:
261:
257:
245:
240:
238:
233:
231:
226:
225:
223:
222:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
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201:
198:
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195:
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187:
183:
182:
169:
159:
153:
137:
121:
105:
89:
75:
66:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
2190:
2177:
2167:
2161:
2148:
2088:
2084:
2063:
2030:
2022:
2011:
2001:
1994:
1981:
1961:
1932:. Retrieved
1918:
1872:
1868:
1847:. Retrieved
1843:the original
1838:
1809:
1805:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1762:the original
1757:
1723:
1584:Nigali Sagar
1557:
1547:
1535:Nigali Sagar
1522:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1486:Nigali Sagar
1480:Nigali Sagar
1398:Sa-kya-mu-nฤซ
1365:
1364:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1147:
1146:
1059:
1058:
996:Nigali Sagar
973:
964:
952:
928:
892:
880:
868:
856:
848:
831:
830:
779:Nigali Sagar
776:
773:Nigali Sagar
672:๐ง๐บ๐ฌ๐ค๐ฒ๐บ
664:
637:
636:
578:
563:
545:
544:
536:
467:
452:
451:
447:
427:
377:
365:Nigali Sagar
338:
299:
291:
276:
255:
253:
204:
136:Nigali Sagar
15:
1812:: 239โ256.
1525:" ("Of the
1506:Priyadarsin
1484:Located in
1388:The words "
1368:Priyadarsin
1350:Located in
1224:Located in
1125:Located in
1037:Located in
834:Priyadarsin
812:Inscription
794:Translation
744:E. Hultzsch
618:Inscription
600:Translation
329:Afghanistan
313:Kalinga War
2220:Categories
1934:8 February
1733:References
1719:Tagundaing
1068:pp.160-162
804:(original
610:(original
1537:, 250 BCE
1414:Rummindei
1375:produce).
1344:Rummindei
1317:Allahabad
1226:Allahabad
1158:Edict of
992:Rummindei
988:Allahabad
797:(English)
654:Rummindei
603:(English)
442:Allahabad
361:Rummindei
353:Allahabad
158:Allahabad
41:Sandstone
2256:Junagadh
1910:(2012).
1849:15 March
1619:See also
1379:โ
1347:/Paderia
1156:โ
1064:โ
1010:Location
740:โ
718:๐ช๐๐ฏ๐
690:๐ฉ๐ผ๐ฅ๐
676:๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐บ
650:โ
552:Kฤruvฤkฤซ
459:Kauลฤmbฤซ
325:Pakistan
38:Material
2105:3249612
1889:3249612
1771:12 July
1665:Stambha
1558:"Thube"
1446:Lumbini
1402:Shakyas
1396:) and "
1352:Lumbini
1230:Kosambi
1094:Sarnath
1039:Sarnath
1025:Sarnath
984:Sarnath
947:capital
939:Sarnath
819:in the
817:Prakrit
692:๐๐ธ๐ข
644:Lummini
625:in the
623:Prakrit
581:Lumbini
434:Sarnath
369:Prakrit
357:Kosambi
345:Sarnath
296:History
152:Kosambi
120:Lumbini
88:Sarnath
46:Created
2103:
1969:
1925:
1887:
1724:
1410:Ashoka
1404:") in
1394:Buddha
1390:Bu-dhe
1187:Sanchi
1160:Ashoka
1150:Sangha
1127:Sanchi
1121:Sanchi
980:Sanchi
943:Sanchi
925:India.
716:๐ณ๐บ๐ค
585:Buddha
548:Tฤซvala
438:Sanchi
430:Samgha
420:Sanchi
349:Sanchi
301:Ashoka
260:Ashoka
104:Sanchi
2101:JSTOR
1915:(PDF)
1885:JSTOR
1765:(PDF)
1754:(PDF)
1550:Stupa
1533:, at
1490:Nepal
1408:, on
1356:Nepal
1234:Bihar
978:, at
945:lion
589:Nepal
474:monks
470:Order
465:thus:
453:"The
343:, at
321:Nepal
317:India
309:India
62:Nepal
58:India
2196:p.23
2154:p.93
2142:p.32
1967:ISBN
1936:2016
1923:ISBN
1851:2007
1773:2018
1007:Name
994:and
696:๐ข๐บ
652:The
478:nuns
476:and
440:and
363:and
327:and
254:The
2093:doi
1877:doi
1814:doi
1560:).
1556:as
1412:'s
1392:" (
1013:Map
777:At
674:๐ฆ
670:๐ฆ
591:.
359:),
307:in
2222::
2127:^
2113:^
2099:.
2089:44
2087:.
2073:^
2054:^
2040:^
1951:^
1917:.
1897:^
1883:.
1873:44
1871:.
1859:^
1837:.
1826:^
1810:16
1804:.
1792:^
1756:.
1741:^
1514:.
1488:,
1354:,
1232:,
1129:,
1041:,
998:.
990:,
986:,
982:,
785:.
554:."
550:,
541:.
461:/
436:,
375:.
351:,
347:,
323:,
319:,
274:.
60:,
2107:.
2095::
1975:.
1938:.
1891:.
1879::
1853:.
1820:.
1816::
1775:.
1521:"
1034:)
1030:(
823:)
815:(
808:)
746:,
629:)
621:(
614:)
243:e
236:t
229:v
154:/
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