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Minatogawa specimens' genetic type, based on extracted DNA alleles, was found to be common among modern
Japanese peoples, Jomon and Yayoi samples, although being not their direct ancestor. The scientists (Mizuno et al. 2021) suggested that the Japanese have distant ancestral ties to the Minatogawa specimens. Jun Gojobori, a lecturer of physical anthropology at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies and one of lead authors of the study, concluded that Eastern Asian populations, specifically on the Japanese archipelago, show genetic continuity with ancient samples.
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lowest-placed skeleton (Minatogawa I, a male about 25 years old) was standing upside-down, but his bones were mostly in their anatomical positions. The other skeletons were found with their bones all mixed up and scattered over several meters. Skeleton IV, in particular, was found as two sets of bones separated by a couple of meters; his skull has a perforation that seems to have been caused by a sharp hard point, and his left and right arms seem to have been fractured the same way. Suzuki conjectures that the individuals were killed with
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Certain differences were observed between different
Minatogawa samples as well, presenting a more complicated picture. The Nekata Minatogawa sample was found to be closer aligned to other Jomon samples, than the Tibia Minatogawa sample, but their individual variation does not necessarily point to two
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All
Minatogawa samples fall within the range of Eastern and Southeastern Asian craniometric characteristics. Certain distinct features caused the Minatogawa samples to be regarded as distinct from JĹŤmon peoples, although a close relationship could neither be proven nor disproven. According to Baba
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Previously it was suggested that the
Minatogawa specimens may have not been closely related to other Jomon period samples or modern Japanese people. However, recent DNA analyses revealed genetic links to both Jomon and Japanese people, as well as to the broader East Asian population cluster. The
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traits but differed in part from other Jomon period samples. Kaifu et al. (2011) similarly observed certain distinct traits between the
Paleolithic Minatogawa specimens and Neolithic Jomon samples, and suggested that the Minatogawa specimens were possibly more aligned with Southeastern Asian and
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The bones recovered from that fissure belonged to between 5 and 9 distinct individuals (two males and the rest females), mixed with over 200 fragments of deer and boar bones. The finds lay on a diagonal band extending down and forward by about 6 m (20 ft) within the fissure. The
120:, limestone fragments and bones. Suzuki's excavation was limited to the part of the fissure that was exposed on the quarry's face, 5 m (16 ft) high and 20 m (66 ft) above the present sea level, and extended about 6 m (20 ft) into the cliff behind.
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Pacific groups when compared with Jomon samples. In line with the peopling of
Eastern Asia, it is suggested that the ancestors of Minatogawa specimens similarly arrived from a southern route, possibly diverged from other East Asians already in Southeast Asia.
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noticed fossil bone fragments in some building stone blocks he had purchased from the quarry, and for two years he kept watch as the quarry was worked. In 1968, Oyama reported the finding of a human bone at the quarry to
Hisashi Suzuki, a professor at
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Mizuno, Fuzuki; Gojobori, Jun; Kumagai, Masahiko; Baba, Hisao; Taniguchi, Yasuhiro; Kondo, Osamu; Matsushita, Masami; Matsushita, Takayuki; Matsuda, Fumihiko; Higasa, Koichiro; Hayashi, Michiko (2021-06-13).
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A team led by Suzuki excavated the site during three seasons (1968, 1970 and 1974). Their finds were described in 1982. The skeletons are now in the
Anthropology Museum, Tokyo University.
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All skeletons were found buried inside a vertical fissure in the limestone rock, about 1 m (3 ft 3 in) wide, which had been filled over millennia by residual red
478:"Late Pleistocene modern human mandibles from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, Japan: morphological affinities and implications for modern human dispersals in East Asia"
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their victims (breaking bones in the process) and then threw the remains into the fissure, which had been used as a trash dump (which explains the animal bones).
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The individuals were rather short at about 155 cm (5 ft 1 in) for the males and 140 cm (4 ft 7 in) for the females, and their
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Geologists have estimated that the fissure was created by an uplifting that bent and fractured the limestone rock layers, more than 100,000 years ago.
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593:"Population dynamics in the Japanese Archipelago since the Pleistocene revealed by the complete mitochondrial genome sequences"
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had been knocked out at the same time, well before death—a custom that is known to have been practiced by the Jōmon people.
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332:"Inconsistency of the maxilla and mandible in the Minatogawa Man No. 1 hominid fossil evaluated from dental occlusion"
567:"DNA study traces origins of Japanese to Paleolithic man | The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis"
386:"The cranium and mandible of Minatogawa 1 belong to the same individual: a response to recent claims to the contrary"
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Fossil of
Minatogawa Man 1, replica, exhibited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kobayashi, H.; Hirose, T.; Sugino, M.; Watanabe, N. (1974). "TK-99. Minatogawa".
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A reconstructed model of the
Minatogawa Man at the Okinawa Prefectural Museum.
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309:"The Minatogawa Man - The Upper Pleistocene Man from the Island of Okinawa"
246:"Ancient burial remains in Okinawa cave may fill void in Japanese ancestry"
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81:, near the southern tip of the island. Okinawan businessman and amateur
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Kaifu, Yousuke; Fujita, Masaki; Kono, Reiko T.; Baba, Hisao (2011).
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were extremely worn out, suggesting an abrasive diet. In one of the
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511:"On the Pleistocene Population History in the Japanese Archipelago"
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was close to the lower end of the range of the latter prehistoric
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183:& Narasaki (1991), the Minatogawa specimens had overall
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Hisashi Suzuki; Kazuro Hanthara; et al. (1982).
19:"Minatogawa" redirects here. For the sumo coach, see
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441:"Minatogawa Man, the Oldest Type of Modern
70:The skeletons were found at the Minatogawa
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50:. They are among the oldest skeletons of
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449:The Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu)
439:Baba, Hisao; Narasaki, Shuichiro (1991).
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147:(16,000 to 2,000 years ago) and modern
680:Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens fossils
174:to about 16,000 and 18,000 years ago.
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170:fragments in the fissure have been
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313:Bulletin of the University Museum
690:Prehistory of the Ryūkyū Islands
348:10.1111/j.1447-073X.2006.00127.x
336:Anatomical Science International
252:. 9 January 2015. Archived from
509:Nakazawa, Yuichi (2017-12-01).
221:Shiraho Saonetabaru Cave Ruins
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226:History of the Ryukyu Islands
42:, Japan, represented by four
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610:10.1038/s41598-021-91357-2
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54:yet discovered in Japan.
178:Physical characteristics
482:Anthropological Science
390:Anthropological Science
384:Yousuke Kaifu (2007).
330:Haruto Kodera (2006).
319:. University of Tokyo.
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675:Peopling of East Asia
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665:Archaeology of Japan
515:Current Anthropology
462:10.4116/jaqua.30.221
256:on 25 September 2015
66:History of the finds
32:Minatogawa specimens
597:Scientific Reports
521:(S17): S539–S552.
495:10.1537/ase.090424
403:10.1537/ase.061208
216:Pinza-Abu Cave Man
211:Yamashita Cave Man
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21:Daitetsu Tadamitsu
685:Paleolithic Japan
571:The Asahi Shimbun
250:The Asahi Shimbun
192:distinct groups.
159:, the two median
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488:(2): 137–157.
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419:"Minatogawa 1"
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370:on 2013-01-05.
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443:Homo sapiens
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422:. Retrieved
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368:the original
342:(1): 57–61.
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134:cannibalized
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277:Radiocarbon
260:4 September
116:mixed with
100:Description
86:Seiho Oyama
36:prehistoric
659:Categories
576:2022-07-14
536:2115/72078
232:References
118:travertine
645:235424625
619:2045-2322
553:149000410
545:0011-3204
185:Mongoloid
157:mandibles
72:limestone
44:skeletons
637:34121089
364:24353976
356:16526598
205:See also
196:Genetics
168:Charcoal
161:incisors
52:hominins
34:are the
628:8200360
40:Okinawa
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283:: 384.
151:. The
130:arrows
126:spears
75:quarry
641:S2CID
549:S2CID
360:S2CID
153:teeth
145:JĹŤmon
633:PMID
615:ISSN
541:ISSN
426:2016
352:PMID
262:2015
114:clay
79:Naha
26:The
623:PMC
605:doi
531:hdl
523:doi
490:doi
486:119
457:doi
398:doi
394:115
344:doi
128:or
48:BCE
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