357:
40:
266:
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389:, an Hodge-Podge of Superstition, Popery, the Devil and all his Works." Nevertheless, the Christmas pie remained a popular treat at Christmas, although smaller and sweeter, and lacking in post-Reformation England any sign of supposed Catholic idolatry. People began to prepare the fruit and spice filling months before it was required, storing it in jars, and as Britain entered the
453:
94:
381:, explained the popularity of "Christmas Pye" as perhaps "owing to the Barrenness of the Season, and the Scarcity of Fruit and Milk, to make Tarts, Custards, and other Desserts", but also possibly bearing "a religious kind of Relation to the Festivity from which it takes its Name." The author also mentions the
505:
The full quotation reads "We have never been witnesses of animosities excited by the use of mince-pies and plumb-porridge; nor seen with what abhorrence those who could eat them at all other times of the year would shrink from them in
December. An old Puritan, who was alive in my childhood, being,
351:
The
Christmas-pie is, in its own nature, a kind of consecrated cake, and a badge of distinction; and yet it is often forbidden, the Druid of the family. Strange that a sirloin of beef, whether boiled or roasted, when entire is exposed to the utmost depredeations and invasions; but if minced into
191:, although by then its recipe had become sweeter and its size markedly reduced from its once large oblong shape. Today, the mince pie, usually made without meat (but often including suet or other animal fat), remains a popular seasonal treat enjoyed by many across the United Kingdom and Ireland.
506:
at one of the feasts of the church, invited by a neighbour to partake of his cheer, told him, that, if he would treat him at an alehouse with beer, brewed for all times and seasons, he should accept his kindness, but would have none of his superstitious meats and drinks."
393:, the addition of meat had, for many, become an afterthought (although the use of suet remains). Its taste then was broadly similar to that experienced today, although some 20th-century writers continued to advocate the inclusion of meat.
299:'s 1615 recipe recommends taking "a leg of mutton", and cutting "the best of the flesh from the bone", before adding mutton suet, pepper, salt, cloves, mace, currants, raisins, prunes, dates and orange peel. He also suggested that beef or
437:. The ingredients for New England mincemeat pie are similar to the British one, with a mixture of apples, raisins, spices, and minced beef serving as the filling. Later recipes sometimes omit the beef, though "None Such" (now owned by
3808:
404:
Although the modern recipe is no longer the same list of 13 ingredients once used (representative of Christ and his 12 Apostles according to author
Margaret Baker), the mince pie remains a popular Christmas treat. Bakers
561:
It was fashionable at
Christmastime to bake a mince pie in the form of a manger topped with an image of the Christ Child fashioned from dough, for the spices and sweetmeats were held as symbols of the Magi's
441:), the major brand of condensed American mincemeat, still contains beef. New England mincemeat pies are usually full-sized pies, as opposed to the individual-sized pies now common in Britain.
385:' objection to the treat, "who distinguish their Feasts by an heretical Sort of Pudding, known by their Names, and inveigh against Christmas Pye, as an Invention of the Scarlet Whore of
212:. Middle Eastern methods of cooking, which sometimes combined meats, fruits and spices, were popular at the time. Pies were created from such mixtures of sweet and savoury foods; in
2240:
375:
wrote of "an old
Puritan, who was alive in my childhood ... would have none of his superstitious meats and drinks." Another essay, published in the December 1733 issue of
2235:
845:
39:
2191:
239:, "in token of the offerings of the Eastern Magi." Several authors, including Timbs, viewed the pie as being derived from an old Roman custom practised during
4096:
804:
2577:
1938:
409:
reported sales of 7.5 million mince pies during
Christmas 2011. The popular claim that the consumption of mince pies on Christmas Day is illegal is an
1836:
1667:
171:
pie", "shrid pie" and "Christmas pie". Typically, its ingredients were a mixture of minced meat, suet, a range of fruits, and spices, such as cinnamon,
908:
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750:
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179:. Served around Christmas, the savoury Christmas pie (as it became known) was associated with supposed Catholic "idolatry", and during the
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347:-Pye, And Death within the Pot." Some considered them unfit to occupy the plate of a clergyman, causing Philo-Clericus to comment:
2422:
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thought Selden's explanation unlikely, as "in old
English cookery books the crust of a pie is generally called 'the coffin'."
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2351:
1734:
1513:
1204:
3395:
2272:
2059:
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1568:
1359:
1175:
Observations on popular antiquities: chiefly illustrating the origin of our vulgar customs, ceremonies, and supersititions
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small pieces, and tossed up with plumbs and sugar, it changes its property, and forsooth is meat for his master.
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2004:
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were presented with sweetmeats. Early pies were much larger than those consumed today, and oblong shaped; the
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1906:
1455:
1229:
901:
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327:, along with the censure of other Catholic customs, they were banned: "Nay, the poor rosemary and bays, and
311:
was also used; a North
American filling recipe published in 1854 includes chopped neat's tongue, beef suet,
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1796:
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1332:
1027:
259:
1033:
British
Popular Customs – Present and Past – Illustrating the Social and Domestic Manners of the People
187:
authorities. Nevertheless, the tradition of eating
Christmas pie in December continued through to the
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by English settlers in the 17th century. While it was originally a Christmas pie, as in Britain, the
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brought with them Middle Eastern recipes containing meats, fruits, and spices; these contained the
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did not celebrate Christmas, causing the pie's associations in the region to shift toward the
324:
180:
156:. Mince pies, at Christmas time, were traditionally shaped in an oblong shape, to resemble a
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2014:
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1989:
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were opposed to the Christmas pie, on account of its connection with Catholicism. In his
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wrote "All Plums the Prophets Sons defy, And Spice-broths are too hot; Treason's in a
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The ingredients for the modern mince pie can be traced to the return of European
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England, shrid pies (as they were known then) were formed from shredded meat,
144:. Its ingredients are traceable to the 13th century, when returning European
4184:
3973:
3809:
A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery
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2723:
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2019:
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279:
The modern mince pie's precursor was known by several names. The antiquary
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81:
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17:
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1978:
1719:
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526:
Traditionally beef suet, although many modern recipes use vegetable suet
4393:
3968:
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3314:
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2899:
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1704:
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1349:
1008:, vol. 1–2, Printed for Cadwell and Davies, etc and Samuel Bagster
430:
382:
258:-Pies, in shape long, is in Imitation of the Cratch ", although writer
184:
63:
452:
291:-era England they were known as minched pies, but other names include
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121:
53:
1214:
941:
The Glutton's Glossary: a Dictionary of Food and Drink Terms
761:, hosted at bodley.ox.ac.uk, pp. 652–653, December 1733
303:
might be used in place of mutton. In the north of England,
295:
pie, and starting in the following century, Christmas pie.
167:
The early mince pie was known by several names, including "
1132:
America's founding food: the story of New England cooking
984:
Observations on the popular antiquities of Great Britain
323:, apples, lemons, brandy and orange peel. During the
1155:
Something for Everybody (and a Garland for the Year)
152:
of representing the gifts delivered to Jesus by the
4521:
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4361:
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2033:
1755:
1676:
1587:
1464:
1318:
1129:Stavely, Keith W. F.; Fitzgerald, Kathleen (2004),
77:
69:
59:
49:
1084:; Best, Michael R. (1994), Michael R. Best (ed.),
307:was used in the pie's filling, but more generally
805:"Sweet Delight: A Brief History of the Mince Pie"
790:
220:and dried fruit. The addition of spices such as
1073:The Cook's Own Book, and Housekeeper's Register
870:"Illegal Mince Pies and Other UK Legal Legends"
847:Booming Mince Pie and Coffee Sales Boost Greggs
688:
686:
349:
136:. The pies are traditionally served during the
160:and were often topped with a depiction of the
3396:
3021:
1230:
737:
8:
1110:, Gray's Inn, London: Printed for T. Osborne
1056:, Continuum International Publishing Group,
30:
1006:Poetical Works: With the life of the author
653:
574:
572:
570:
540:
538:
4430:
4236:
4097:Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management
4045:
3796:
3668:
3581:
3455:
3424:
3403:
3389:
3381:
3028:
3014:
3006:
2608:
1237:
1223:
1215:
961:Discovering Christmas Customs and Folklore
400:A batch of modern-day home-made mince pies
38:
29:
900:Peggy M. Baker (November–December 2002).
589:
587:
120:in Australia and New Zealand) is a sweet
692:
751:"Grubstreet Journal, Dec. 27. No. 209.
534:
519:
498:
132:, being a mixture of fruit, spices and
3854:The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy
3830:The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary
902:"Thanksgiving and the New England Pie"
895:
893:
803:Hirst, Christopher (4 December 2011),
605:
27:Sweet pie with dried fruits and spices
3720:The Queen-like Closet or Rich Cabinet
2567:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1186:1001 Christmas Facts and Fancies 1937
1178:, vol. 1, Charles Knight and Co.
964:(third ed.), Osprey Publishing,
831:
778:
713:
665:
629:
578:
7:
641:
617:
593:
4073:Modern Cookery for Private Families
3888:The Experienced English Housekeeper
725:
677:
1172:Brand, John; Ellis, Henry (1841),
25:
844:George, Colin (11 January 2012),
547:The Christmas Encyclopedia, 3d ed
254:presumed that "the coffin of our
4061:A New System of Domestic Cookery
3037:
2988:
2987:
2443:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2338:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
451:
92:
4557:Rationing in the United Kingdom
1090:, McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP,
914:from the original on 2012-12-22
68:
2423:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2352:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1735:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1514:Legend of the Christmas Spider
708:English Presbyterian eloquence
232:was, according to the English
1:
3471:
2374:Christmas television specials
2273:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1360:Annunciation to the shepherds
1121:The Table-Talk of John Selden
791:Stavely & Fitzgerald 2004
477:List of pies, tarts and flans
421:Mincemeat pie was brought to
243:, where Roman fathers in the
4257:A Book of Mediterranean Food
3906:The Housekeeper's Instructor
3903:William Augustus Henderson (
2428:Christmas and holiday season
1183:Hottes, Alfred Carl (2004),
868:Clare, Sean (6 April 2012),
331:, is made an abomination."
4451:Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall
4619:
3897:The English Art of Cookery
1340:Adoration of the Shepherds
1158:, London: Lockwood and Co.
1022:, W. & R. Chambers ltd
1004:; Johnson, Samuel (1807),
710:, printed for T. Bickerton
549:. McFarland. p. 120.
545:Crump, William D. (2013).
4481:A History of English Food
3944:Cottage or Shepherd's pie
3821:Mrs Mary Eales's Receipts
2983:
2584:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2345:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2266:The Oxford Book of Carols
1842:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1405:Massacre of the Innocents
1254:
738:Butler & Johnson 1807
369:The Life of Samuel Butler
87:
37:
4547:List of savoury puddings
4175:Steak and kidney pudding
4080:Charles Elmé Francatelli
3924:Bread and butter pudding
3609:The Good Huswifes Jewell
3159:Chicken and mushroom pie
2386:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1203:Doerkson, Cliff (2010),
1189:, Kessinger Publishing,
958:Baker, Margaret (1992),
759:The Gentleman's Magazine
439:The J.M. Smucker Company
378:The Gentleman's Magazine
337:History of the Rebellion
4542:List of English cheeses
4476:Clarissa Dickson Wright
4461:Antony Worrall Thompson
3224:Melton Mowbray pork pie
2548:Small Business Saturday
2418:Black Friday (shopping)
2413:Black Friday (partying)
1907:Nine Lessons and Carols
1837:Events and celebrations
1107:The Harleian Miscellany
1076:, C. S. Francis and Co.
907:. Pilgrim Hall Museum.
654:Markham & Best 1994
4552:List of sweet puddings
4537:List of English dishes
4145:Full English breakfast
3842:The Compleat Housewife
3652:Trifle (without jelly)
3295:Dickinson & Morris
2192:Post-War United States
1070:Lee, N. K. M. (1854),
1053:A Christmas Compendium
706:Lewis, Thomas (1720),
401:
364:
354:
276:
183:was frowned on by the
142:English-speaking world
116:in North America, and
4414:Sticky toffee pudding
3876:The British Housewife
2241:Hit singles in the US
2236:Hit singles in the UK
1797:Carols by Candlelight
1725:Santa Claus' daughter
1333:Adoration of the Magi
1206:The Real American Pie
1124:, London: J. R. Smith
1087:The English Housewife
399:
359:
268:
260:T. F. Thistleton-Dyer
44:A plate of mince pies
4384:Chicken tikka masala
4220:Worcestershire sauce
3949:Cumberland rum nicky
3708:The Accomplisht Cook
3269:Steak and oyster pie
3264:Steak and kidney pie
3154:Cheese and onion pie
3139:Bedfordshire clanger
3088:Cumberland rum nicky
3073:Bedfordshire clanger
2533:Santa's Candy Castle
1857:Google Santa Tracker
712:, and reproduced in
472:List of fruit dishes
98:Media: Mince pie
4399:Knickerbocker glory
4019:Trifle (with jelly)
3770:Sussex pond pudding
3696:The English Huswife
3219:Meat and potato pie
2538:Santa Claus Village
2453:Christmas Mountains
2359:Journey of the Magi
1365:Baptism of the Lord
1135:, UNC Press Books,
938:Ayto, John (1990),
150:Christian symbolism
128:origin filled with
34:
4389:Coronation chicken
4316:Marco Pierre White
4120:Cauliflower cheese
3597:The Boke of Cokery
2648:Twelve-dish supper
2498:Jews and Christmas
2448:Christmas Lectures
2177:American Civil War
1912:NORAD Tracks Santa
1288:Saint Nicholas Day
850:, nebusiness.co.uk
716:, pp. 527–528
644:, pp. 184–185
632:, pp. 527–528
620:, pp. 458–459
402:
365:
341:Marchamont Needham
319:, cloves, nutmeg,
277:
274:William Henry Hunt
4565:
4564:
4517:
4516:
4504:Coronation quiche
4466:Heston Blumenthal
4422:
4421:
4404:Ploughman's lunch
4286:Marguerite Patten
4228:
4227:
4160:Lancashire hotpot
4115:Bubble and squeak
4037:
4036:
4029:Yorkshire pudding
3929:Christmas pudding
3883:Elizabeth Raffald
3865:Professed Cookery
3788:
3787:
3760:Queen of Puddings
3732:The Closet Opened
3679:Elinor Fettiplace
3660:
3659:
3573:
3572:
3482:The Forme of Cury
3467:Utilis Coquinario
3443:
3442:
3378:
3377:
3134:Bacon and egg pie
3003:
3002:
2979:
2978:
2643:Thirteen desserts
2563:Virginia O'Hanlon
2408:Advent Conspiracy
2322:Films (Christmas,
2314:A Christmas Carol
2259:Carols for Choirs
1802:Cavalcade of Magi
1782:Boar's Head Feast
1451:Star of Bethlehem
1422:Nativity of Jesus
1410:flight into Egypt
1295:St. Stephen's Day
1043:978-1-4067-7899-1
809:independent.co.uk
704:Quote taken from
467:Christmas pudding
325:English Civil War
181:English Civil War
106:
105:
16:(Redirected from
4610:
4588:New Zealand pies
4578:British desserts
4509:Platinum Pudding
4431:
4331:Fergus Henderson
4237:
4130:Devilled kidneys
4046:
4014:Toad in the hole
3894:Richard Briggs (
3797:
3669:
3582:
3476:
3473:
3456:
3425:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3382:
3305:Galloways Bakers
3042:
3041:
3040:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2826:Redcurrant sauce
2615:
2609:
2604:
2578:Winter festivals
2328:Christmas horror
2295:
2206:
2037:
1892:Meals and feasts
1812:Christmas jumper
1759:
1730:Santa's reindeer
1682:
1628:Father Christmas
1592:
1549:Santa's workshop
1470:
1432:in later culture
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1209:, Chicago Reader
1199:
1179:
1159:
1145:
1125:
1111:
1100:
1082:Markham, Gervase
1077:
1066:
1050:John, J (2005),
1046:
1023:
1019:The Book of Days
1014:Chambers, Robert
1009:
997:
974:
954:
924:
923:
921:
919:
913:
906:
897:
888:
887:
886:
884:
865:
859:
858:
857:
855:
841:
835:
829:
823:
822:
821:
819:
800:
794:
788:
782:
781:, pp. 32–33
776:
770:
769:
768:
766:
753:On Christmas Pye
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
702:
696:
690:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
582:
576:
565:
564:
542:
527:
524:
507:
503:
461:
456:
455:
283:claimed that in
138:Christmas season
96:
78:Main ingredients
42:
35:
33:
21:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4598:English cuisine
4568:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4530:Food in England
4513:
4492:
4441:Michel Roux Jr.
4418:
4374:Beef Wellington
4357:
4336:The Whole Beast
4269:Food in England
4264:Dorothy Hartley
4252:Elizabeth David
4224:
4180:Battenberg cake
4103:
4092:Isabella Beeton
4085:The Modern Cook
4033:
3912:
3806:Mary Kettilby (
3784:
3738:
3691:Gervase Markham
3656:
3615:
3569:
3488:
3474:
3452:to 15th century
3451:
3439:
3414:
3412:English cuisine
3409:
3379:
3374:
3278:
3164:Corned beef pie
3122:
3098:Manchester tart
3046:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2975:
2941:Pickled herring
2914:
2883:
2830:
2821:Cranberry sauce
2804:
2783:
2759:Red velvet cake
2744:Poppy seed roll
2662:
2613:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2573:White Christmas
2463:Christmas truce
2458:Christmas seals
2438:Christmas creep
2400:
2398:
2392:
2293:
2287:
2204:
2198:
2035:
2029:
1882:Lord of Misrule
1817:Christmas Peace
1767:Advent calendar
1757:
1751:
1700:Knecht Ruprecht
1680:
1678:
1672:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1385:Herod the Great
1320:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1213:
1202:
1197:
1182:
1171:
1167:
1165:Further reading
1162:
1148:
1143:
1128:
1114:
1103:
1098:
1080:
1069:
1064:
1049:
1044:
1026:
1012:
1000:
995:
977:
972:
957:
952:
937:
928:
927:
917:
915:
911:
904:
899:
898:
891:
882:
880:
867:
866:
862:
853:
851:
843:
842:
838:
830:
826:
817:
815:
813:The Independent
802:
801:
797:
789:
785:
777:
773:
764:
762:
749:
748:
744:
736:
732:
724:
720:
705:
703:
699:
691:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
628:
624:
616:
612:
604:
600:
592:
585:
577:
568:
557:
544:
543:
536:
531:
530:
525:
521:
511:
510:
504:
500:
490:
457:
450:
447:
419:
297:Gervase Markham
202:
197:
140:in much of the
118:fruit mince pie
102:
70:Place of origin
45:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4616:
4614:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4593:Christmas food
4590:
4585:
4580:
4570:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4473:
4463:
4458:
4448:
4437:
4435:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4328:
4323:
4321:Nigella Lawson
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4276:Constance Spry
4273:
4261:
4249:
4247:Florence Petty
4243:
4241:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4210:Summer pudding
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:Potted shrimps
4162:
4157:
4155:Ice cream cone
4152:
4147:
4142:
4140:Fish and chips
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4065:
4052:
4050:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3892:
3880:
3871:Martha Bradley
3868:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3825:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3775:Sweet and sour
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3724:
3715:Hannah Woolley
3712:
3700:
3688:
3675:
3673:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3592:Richard Pynson
3588:
3586:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3462:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3320:Holland's Pies
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3244:Shepherd's pie
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3179:Cumberland pie
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:Blackberry pie
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2872:Smoking Bishop
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2606:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2555:
2553:Super Saturday
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Giving Tuesday
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Christmas club
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2331:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:Piae Cantiones
2276:
2269:
2262:
2252:
2246:Music charts (
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Père Fouettard
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1681:Saint Nicholas
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1633:Grandpa Indian
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1601:Saint Nicholas
1597:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:Old Man Winter
1536:
1531:
1526:
1524:Miner's figure
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Kallikantzaros
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1439:Nativity scene
1436:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1274:Children's Day
1270:
1263:
1260:Blue Christmas
1255:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1212:
1211:
1200:
1195:
1180:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1146:
1141:
1126:
1112:
1101:
1096:
1078:
1067:
1062:
1047:
1042:
1036:, Read Books,
1024:
1010:
1002:Butler, Samuel
998:
993:
975:
970:
955:
950:
934:
926:
925:
889:
860:
836:
824:
795:
783:
771:
742:
730:
718:
697:
682:
670:
658:
646:
634:
622:
610:
598:
583:
566:
555:
533:
532:
529:
528:
518:
517:
509:
508:
497:
496:
489:
486:
485:
484:
482:Stir-up Sunday
479:
474:
469:
463:
462:
446:
443:
418:
415:
373:Samuel Johnson
201:
198:
196:
193:
104:
103:
101:
100:
88:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4615:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4455:River Cottage
4452:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4369:Bakewell tart
4367:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4343:Gordon Ramsay
4341:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Fanny Cradock
4279:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Jam roly-poly
4193:
4191:
4190:Eve's pudding
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4056:Maria Rundell
4054:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Welsh rarebit
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3849:Hannah Glasse
3847:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Black pudding
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3604:Thomas Dawson
3602:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3555:Pease pudding
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
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3491:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:Manufacturers
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Cornish pasty
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Bakewell tart
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:Meat and fish
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Hot chocolate
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Ugly sweaters
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Controversies
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:In literature
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:United States
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Moravian star
1900:
1898:
1897:Midnight Mass
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:Candle arches
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Advent wreath
1775:
1773:
1772:Advent candle
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:Companions of
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:Gift-bringers
1586:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1463:
1457:
1456:Twelfth Night
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Nativity Fast
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Christmastide
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Angel Gabriel
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:Biblical Magi
1326:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1281:Christmas Eve
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:1-4179-7650-0
1192:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:0-8078-2894-7
1138:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1097:0-7735-1103-2
1093:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:0-8264-8749-1
1059:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
994:9787270007267
990:
986:
985:
980:
976:
973:
971:0-7478-0175-4
967:
963:
962:
956:
953:
951:0-415-02647-4
947:
944:, Routledge,
943:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
910:
903:
896:
894:
890:
879:
875:
871:
864:
861:
849:
848:
840:
837:
833:
828:
825:
814:
810:
806:
799:
796:
793:, p. 220
792:
787:
784:
780:
775:
772:
760:
756:
754:
746:
743:
739:
734:
731:
728:, p. 500
727:
722:
719:
715:
709:
701:
698:
695:, p. 755
694:
693:Chambers 1864
689:
687:
683:
680:, p. 141
679:
674:
671:
668:, p. 530
667:
662:
659:
656:, p. 104
655:
650:
647:
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
623:
619:
614:
611:
607:
602:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
581:, p. 149
580:
575:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:9781476605739
552:
548:
541:
539:
535:
523:
520:
516:
515:
502:
499:
495:
494:
487:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
454:
449:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
398:
394:
392:
391:Victorian age
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
367:In his essay
363:
358:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Christmas pie
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:bloom raisins
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
275:
271:
270:Christmas Pie
267:
263:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
194:
192:
190:
189:Victorian era
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
159:
155:
154:Biblical Magi
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:mincemeat pie
111:
99:
95:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
19:
4583:British pies
4528:
4479:
4470:The Fat Duck
4427:21st century
4334:
4326:Jamie Oliver
4306:Nigel Slater
4291:Jane Grigson
4267:
4255:
4233:20th century
4215:Windsor soup
4205:Madeira cake
4170:Sausage roll
4095:
4083:
4071:
4059:
4042:19th century
4009:Suet pudding
3959:Jellied eels
3904:
3895:
3886:
3874:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3819:
3807:
3793:18th century
3750:Battalia pie
3730:
3727:Kenelm Digby
3718:
3706:
3694:
3684:Receipt Book
3683:
3665:17th century
3607:
3595:
3578:16th century
3539:
3510:Banbury cake
3480:
3465:
3370:Wrights Pies
3290:Clark's Pies
3254:Stargazy pie
3118:Treacle tart
3102:
3093:Custard tart
3068:Banoffee pie
3044:British pies
2931:Gefilte fish
2879:Ponche crema
2718:
2714:Melomakarono
2582:
2473:Cyber Monday
2378:
2343:
2312:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2254:Music books
2247:
2085:Nazi Germany
1977:
1973:Secret Santa
1960:
1847:Flying Santa
1554:Tió de Nadal
1504:Korvatunturi
1355:Annunciation
1321:Christianity
1302:Sol Invictus
1205:
1185:
1174:
1154:
1131:
1120:
1116:Selden, John
1106:
1104:N/A (1744),
1086:
1072:
1052:
1032:
1018:
1005:
983:
960:
940:
931:Bibliography
930:
929:
916:. Retrieved
881:, retrieved
873:
863:
852:, retrieved
846:
839:
834:, p. 33
827:
816:, retrieved
808:
798:
786:
774:
763:, retrieved
758:
752:
745:
740:, p. 21
733:
721:
707:
700:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
608:, p. 27
601:
596:, p. 78
560:
546:
522:
513:
512:
501:
492:
491:
435:Thanksgiving
420:
403:
386:
376:
368:
366:
350:
344:
336:
328:
315:, currants,
278:
269:
255:
203:
166:
162:Christ Child
117:
113:
109:
107:
4488:Rachel Khoo
4445:Le Gavroche
4409:Salad cream
4379:Carrot cake
4348:Gary Rhodes
4311:Keith Floyd
4296:Delia Smith
4068:Eliza Acton
3964:Jugged hare
3954:Eccles cake
3837:Eliza Smith
3827:John Nott (
3765:Sponge cake
3755:Currant bun
3530:Gingerbread
3475: 1300
3449:Middle Ages
3420:Roman times
3355:Shire Foods
3335:Pieminister
3300:Fray Bentos
3274:Woolton pie
3214:Lamprey pie
3189:Devizes pie
3174:Cottage pie
3113:Rhubarb pie
3108:Pumpkin pie
2946:Roast goose
2867:Mulled wine
2847:Champurrado
2842:Apple cider
2816:Bread sauce
2769:Szaloncukor
2749:Pumpkin pie
2699:Gingerbread
2653:Smörgåsbord
2294:Other media
2132:Philippines
2122:New Zealand
2005:Twelve Days
1962:Räuchermann
1917:Nutcrackers
1867:Las Posadas
1827:Decorations
1807:Christingle
1747:Zwarte Piet
1742:Snegurochka
1663:Sinterklaas
1613:Santa Claus
1150:Timbs, John
1028:Dyer, T. F.
979:Brand, John
883:14 November
854:14 November
765:24 November
606:Selden 1856
459:Food portal
433:holiday of
423:New England
417:New England
321:brown sugar
309:beef tongue
285:Elizabethan
252:John Selden
4603:Fruit pies
4572:Categories
4353:Mary Berry
4301:Rick Stein
4200:Lardy cake
3994:Roast beef
3984:Piccalilli
3816:Mary Eales
3703:Robert May
3632:Fruit fool
3515:Cheesecake
3360:Square Pie
3350:Pukka Pies
3345:Pork Farms
3325:Mr Kipling
3239:Scotch pie
3209:Killie pie
3204:Homity pie
3149:Butter pie
2674:Candy cane
2623:Joulupöytä
2523:Pikkujoulu
2187:New Mexico
2036:By country
2010:Wassailing
1951:Poinsettia
1758:Traditions
1710:Mrs. Claus
1690:Belsnickel
1643:Julemanden
1638:Joulupukki
1569:Wenceslaus
1534:North Pole
1499:Jack Frost
1489:Christkind
1444:Neapolitan
1267:Boxing Day
918:3 December
832:Baker 1992
818:7 December
779:Baker 1992
714:Brand 1849
666:Brand 1849
630:Brand 1849
579:Timbs 1866
488:References
411:urban myth
360:Home-made
281:John Brand
241:Saturnalia
237:John Timbs
18:Mince Pies
4434:Exemplars
4240:Exemplars
4185:Eton mess
4049:Exemplars
3974:Marmalade
3800:Exemplars
3672:Exemplars
3585:Exemplars
3540:Mince pie
3500:Apple pie
3485:(c. 1390)
3459:Exemplars
3259:Steak pie
3249:Squab pie
3184:Curry pie
3103:Mince pie
3083:Black bun
3058:Apple pie
2961:Tourtière
2951:Romeritos
2888:Dumplings
2835:Beverages
2739:Pecan pie
2729:Panettone
2724:Pampushka
2719:Mince pie
2694:Fruitcake
2638:Réveillon
2518:NFL games
2513:NBA games
2508:In August
2478:Economics
2248:Billboard
2102:Indonesia
2045:Australia
2020:Yule goat
1995:Stockings
1929:Ornaments
1658:Père Noël
1653:Olentzero
1648:Noel Baba
1623:Ded Moroz
1579:Yule Lads
1519:Mari Lwyd
1370:Bethlehem
1247:Christmas
874:bbc.co.uk
642:Ayto 1990
618:Dyer 2007
594:John 2005
493:Footnotes
362:mincemeat
256:Christmas
234:antiquary
210:Holy Land
208:from the
206:crusaders
146:crusaders
130:mincemeat
110:mince pie
82:Mincemeat
32:Mince pie
4150:HP Sauce
3999:Sandwich
3989:Pork pie
3861:Ann Cook
3647:Syllabub
3525:Game pie
3435:Sausages
3310:Ginsters
3229:Pork pie
3199:Game pie
3194:Fish pie
2994:Category
2965:meat pie
2956:Stuffing
2910:Varenyky
2779:Yule log
2754:Qurabiya
2628:Julebord
2601:Food and
2528:SantaCon
2493:El Gordo
2380:Yule Log
2152:Scotland
2065:Ethiopia
2050:Colombia
2025:Yule log
1979:Spanbaum
1956:Pyramids
1822:Crackers
1720:Sack Man
1606:folklore
1574:Yule cat
1479:Badalisc
1469:folklore
1380:Epiphany
1152:(1866),
1118:(1856),
1030:(2007),
1016:(1864),
987:, Bohn,
981:(1849),
909:Archived
726:N/A 1744
678:Lee 1854
445:See also
431:American
427:Puritans
345:December
333:Puritans
289:Jacobean
222:cinnamon
4522:Related
4394:Crumble
4135:Faggots
4125:Cobbler
3969:Ketchup
3934:Chutney
3867:, 1754)
3833:, 1723)
3711:, 1660)
3699:, 1615)
3687:, 1604)
3637:Pancake
3612:, 1585)
3600:, 1500)
3565:Pottage
3535:Kippers
3520:Custard
3340:Poole's
3330:Peter's
3315:Higgidy
3234:Pot pie
3127:Savoury
2900:Pierogi
2895:Hallaca
2800:Borscht
2764:Stollen
2734:Pavlova
2709:Makówki
2689:Cozonac
2658:Wigilia
2543:Scrooge
2503:In July
2401:society
2333:Poetry
2167:Ukraine
2142:Romania
2107:Ireland
2097:Iceland
2092:Hungary
2080:Germany
2070:Finland
2060:England
2055:Denmark
2015:Windows
1946:Piñatas
1934:Parades
1887:Markets
1872:Letters
1862:Hampers
1705:Krampus
1544:Perchta
1484:Caganer
387:Babylon
383:Quakers
245:Vatican
200:Britain
195:History
185:Puritan
126:English
73:England
64:Dessert
4533:(1954)
4497:Dishes
4362:Dishes
4108:Dishes
4004:Scouse
3979:Parkin
3917:Dishes
3743:Dishes
3642:Scones
3620:Dishes
3545:Mortis
3493:Dishes
3428:Dishes
3365:Wall's
3144:Bridie
2971:Turkey
2905:Tamale
2862:Kissel
2852:Eggnog
2809:Sauces
2795:Menudo
2774:Turrón
2684:Cookie
2667:Sweets
2633:Kūčios
2614:Dinner
2488:Grinch
2399:modern
2366:Tomten
2325:Santa,
2308:novels
2226:Operas
2214:Carols
2182:Hawaii
2162:Sweden
2157:Serbia
2147:Russia
2137:Poland
2127:Norway
2117:Mexico
2075:France
1990:Stamps
1985:Szopka
1877:Lights
1832:Didukh
1668:Others
1618:Befana
1564:Vertep
1427:in art
1395:Joseph
1345:Advent
1193:
1139:
1094:
1060:
1040:
991:
968:
948:
562:gifts.
553:
407:Greggs
293:mutton
249:jurist
230:nutmeg
226:cloves
177:nutmeg
175:, and
173:cloves
169:mutton
158:manger
112:(also
91:
60:Course
4484:2011)
4339:1999)
4272:1954)
4260:1950)
4100:1861)
4088:1846)
4076:1845)
4064:1806)
3939:Curry
3909:1791)
3900:1788)
3891:1769)
3879:1758)
3857:1747)
3845:1727)
3824:1718)
3812:1714)
3735:1699)
3723:1670)
3550:Pasty
3505:Bacon
3051:Sweet
2704:Kutia
2603:drink
2231:Songs
2205:Music
2112:Italy
1968:Seals
1922:dolls
1852:Gifts
1792:Cards
1695:Elves
1559:Turoń
1529:Nisse
1494:Grýla
1390:Jesus
912:(PDF)
905:(PDF)
514:Notes
305:goose
272:, by
214:Tudor
2926:Carp
2788:Soup
2679:Cake
2590:Xmas
2219:list
2000:Tree
1939:list
1400:Mary
1309:Yule
1191:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1038:ISBN
989:ISBN
966:ISBN
946:ISBN
920:2015
885:2012
856:2012
820:2011
767:2010
551:ISBN
317:mace
301:veal
287:and
228:and
218:suet
134:suet
50:Type
3780:Tea
3560:Pie
2936:Ham
1466:In
878:BBC
124:of
122:pie
54:Pie
4574::
3472:c.
2569:")
2565:("
2397:In
1319:In
892:^
876:,
872:,
811:,
807:,
757:,
685:^
586:^
569:^
559:.
537:^
413:.
371:,
339:,
224:,
164:.
108:A
4478:(
4472:)
4468:(
4457:)
4453:(
4447:)
4443:(
4333:(
4266:(
4254:(
4094:(
4082:(
4070:(
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3863:(
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3681:(
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3390:v
3029:e
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3015:v
2967:)
2963:(
2368:"
2364:"
2361:"
2357:"
2354:"
2350:"
2340:"
2336:"
2330:)
2250:)
1238:e
1231:t
1224:v
922:.
755:"
20:)
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