346:
29:
255:
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378:, an Hodge-Podge of Superstition, Popery, the Devil and all his Works." Nevertheless, the Christmas pie remained a popular treat at Christmas, although smaller and sweeter, and lacking in post-Reformation England any sign of supposed Catholic idolatry. People began to prepare the fruit and spice filling months before it was required, storing it in jars, and as Britain entered the
442:
83:
370:, explained the popularity of "Christmas Pye" as perhaps "owing to the Barrenness of the Season, and the Scarcity of Fruit and Milk, to make Tarts, Custards, and other Desserts", but also possibly bearing "a religious kind of Relation to the Festivity from which it takes its Name." The author also mentions the
494:
The full quotation reads "We have never been witnesses of animosities excited by the use of mince-pies and plumb-porridge; nor seen with what abhorrence those who could eat them at all other times of the year would shrink from them in
December. An old Puritan, who was alive in my childhood, being,
340:
The
Christmas-pie is, in its own nature, a kind of consecrated cake, and a badge of distinction; and yet it is often forbidden, the Druid of the family. Strange that a sirloin of beef, whether boiled or roasted, when entire is exposed to the utmost depredeations and invasions; but if minced into
180:, although by then its recipe had become sweeter and its size markedly reduced from its once large oblong shape. Today, the mince pie, usually made without meat (but often including suet or other animal fat), remains a popular seasonal treat enjoyed by many across the United Kingdom and Ireland.
495:
at one of the feasts of the church, invited by a neighbour to partake of his cheer, told him, that, if he would treat him at an alehouse with beer, brewed for all times and seasons, he should accept his kindness, but would have none of his superstitious meats and drinks."
382:, the addition of meat had, for many, become an afterthought (although the use of suet remains). Its taste then was broadly similar to that experienced today, although some 20th-century writers continued to advocate the inclusion of meat.
288:'s 1615 recipe recommends taking "a leg of mutton", and cutting "the best of the flesh from the bone", before adding mutton suet, pepper, salt, cloves, mace, currants, raisins, prunes, dates and orange peel. He also suggested that beef or
426:. The ingredients for New England mincemeat pie are similar to the British one, with a mixture of apples, raisins, spices, and minced beef serving as the filling. Later recipes sometimes omit the beef, though "None Such" (now owned by
3797:
393:
Although the modern recipe is no longer the same list of 13 ingredients once used (representative of Christ and his 12 Apostles according to author
Margaret Baker), the mince pie remains a popular Christmas treat. Bakers
550:
It was fashionable at
Christmastime to bake a mince pie in the form of a manger topped with an image of the Christ Child fashioned from dough, for the spices and sweetmeats were held as symbols of the Magi's
430:), the major brand of condensed American mincemeat, still contains beef. New England mincemeat pies are usually full-sized pies, as opposed to the individual-sized pies now common in Britain.
374:' objection to the treat, "who distinguish their Feasts by an heretical Sort of Pudding, known by their Names, and inveigh against Christmas Pye, as an Invention of the Scarlet Whore of
201:. Middle Eastern methods of cooking, which sometimes combined meats, fruits and spices, were popular at the time. Pies were created from such mixtures of sweet and savoury foods; in
2229:
364:
wrote of "an old
Puritan, who was alive in my childhood ... would have none of his superstitious meats and drinks." Another essay, published in the December 1733 issue of
2224:
834:
28:
2180:
228:, "in token of the offerings of the Eastern Magi." Several authors, including Timbs, viewed the pie as being derived from an old Roman custom practised during
4085:
793:
2566:
1927:
398:
reported sales of 7.5 million mince pies during
Christmas 2011. The popular claim that the consumption of mince pies on Christmas Day is illegal is an
1825:
1656:
160:
pie", "shrid pie" and "Christmas pie". Typically, its ingredients were a mixture of minced meat, suet, a range of fruits, and spices, such as cinnamon,
897:
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2160:
739:
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168:. Served around Christmas, the savoury Christmas pie (as it became known) was associated with supposed Catholic "idolatry", and during the
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336:-Pye, And Death within the Pot." Some considered them unfit to occupy the plate of a clergyman, causing Philo-Clericus to comment:
2411:
4049:
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2431:
2326:
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251:
thought Selden's explanation unlikely, as "in old
English cookery books the crust of a pie is generally called 'the coffin'."
3849:
2340:
1723:
1502:
1193:
3384:
2261:
2048:
2043:
1557:
1348:
1164:
Observations on popular antiquities: chiefly illustrating the origin of our vulgar customs, ceremonies, and supersititions
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small pieces, and tossed up with plumbs and sugar, it changes its property, and forsooth is meat for his master.
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1993:
1415:
1247:
967:
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269:
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were presented with sweetmeats. Early pies were much larger than those consumed today, and oblong shaped; the
3318:
1713:
4581:
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2401:
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2175:
1895:
1444:
1218:
890:
345:
316:, along with the censure of other Catholic customs, they were banned: "Nay, the poor rosemary and bays, and
300:
was also used; a North
American filling recipe published in 1854 includes chopped neat's tongue, beef suet,
4540:
4525:
3830:
3408:
2466:
2090:
2033:
1578:
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130:
86:
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3708:
3032:
3002:
2368:
2140:
2038:
1785:
1388:
1321:
1016:
248:
1022:
British
Popular Customs – Present and Past – Illustrating the Social and Domestic Manners of the People
176:
authorities. Nevertheless, the tradition of eating
Christmas pie in December continued through to the
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4208:
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by English settlers in the 17th century. While it was originally a Christmas pie, as in Britain, the
254:
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3758:
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brought with them Middle Eastern recipes containing meats, fruits, and spices; these contained the
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1983:
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329:
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1944:
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1026:
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did not celebrate Christmas, causing the pie's associations in the region to shift toward the
313:
169:
145:. Mince pies, at Christmas time, were traditionally shaped in an oblong shape, to resemble a
4497:
4319:
4178:
4118:
4002:
3437:
3353:
3293:
2814:
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2546:
2531:
2316:
2003:
1973:
1875:
1865:
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1616:
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138:
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4518:
4362:
4324:
4257:
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2192:
1978:
1910:
1870:
1805:
1755:
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1373:
1070:
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385:
324:
were opposed to the Christmas pie, on account of its connection with Catholicism. In his
285:
114:
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wrote "All Plums the Prophets Sons defy, And Spice-broths are too hot; Treason's in a
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150:
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1119:
1094:
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1020:
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928:
193:
The ingredients for the modern mince pie can be traced to the return of European
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229:
225:
205:
England, shrid pies (as they were known then) were formed from shredded meat,
133:. Its ingredients are traceable to the 13th century, when returning European
4173:
3962:
3798:
A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery
3488:
3247:
3237:
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2712:
2682:
2008:
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1636:
1611:
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1234:
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268:
The modern mince pie's precursor was known by several names. The antiquary
222:
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134:
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70:
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2516:
2013:
1967:
1708:
1562:
1547:
1482:
1467:
1456:
415:
321:
210:
194:
515:
Traditionally beef suet, although many modern recipes use vegetable suet
4382:
3957:
3952:
3922:
3625:
3553:
3508:
3423:
3303:
3222:
2888:
2883:
2788:
2752:
2677:
2646:
1693:
1532:
1472:
1338:
997:, vol. 1–2, Printed for Cadwell and Davies, etc and Samuel Bagster
419:
371:
247:-Pies, in shape long, is in Imitation of the Cratch ", although writer
173:
52:
441:
280:-era England they were known as minched pies, but other names include
4007:
3640:
3523:
3132:
2893:
2850:
2840:
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2354:
1850:
1820:
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122:
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1207:
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866:
110:
42:
1203:
930:
The Glutton's Glossary: a Dictionary of Food and Drink Terms
750:, hosted at bodley.ox.ac.uk, pp. 652–653, December 1733
292:
might be used in place of mutton. In the north of England,
284:
pie, and starting in the following century, Christmas pie.
156:
The early mince pie was known by several names, including "
1121:
America's founding food: the story of New England cooking
973:
Observations on the popular antiquities of Great Britain
312:, apples, lemons, brandy and orange peel. During the
1144:
Something for Everybody (and a Garland for the Year)
141:
of representing the gifts delivered to Jesus by the
4510:
4485:
4422:
4415:
4350:
4228:
4221:
4096:
4037:
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3481:
3447:
3436:
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3407:
3271:
3115:
3039:
2907:
2876:
2823:
2797:
2776:
2655:
2600:
2587:
2385:
2280:
2191:
2022:
1744:
1665:
1576:
1453:
1307:
1118:Stavely, Keith W. F.; Fitzgerald, Kathleen (2004),
66:
58:
48:
38:
1073:; Best, Michael R. (1994), Michael R. Best (ed.),
296:was used in the pie's filling, but more generally
794:"Sweet Delight: A Brief History of the Mince Pie"
779:
209:and dried fruit. The addition of spices such as
1062:The Cook's Own Book, and Housekeeper's Register
859:"Illegal Mince Pies and Other UK Legal Legends"
836:Booming Mince Pie and Coffee Sales Boost Greggs
677:
675:
338:
125:. The pies are traditionally served during the
149:and were often topped with a depiction of the
3385:
3010:
1219:
726:
8:
1099:, Gray's Inn, London: Printed for T. Osborne
1045:, Continuum International Publishing Group,
19:
995:Poetical Works: With the life of the author
642:
563:
561:
559:
529:
527:
4419:
4225:
4086:Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management
4034:
3785:
3657:
3570:
3444:
3413:
3392:
3378:
3370:
3017:
3003:
2995:
2597:
1226:
1212:
1204:
950:Discovering Christmas Customs and Folklore
389:A batch of modern-day home-made mince pies
27:
18:
889:Peggy M. Baker (November–December 2002).
578:
576:
109:in Australia and New Zealand) is a sweet
681:
740:"Grubstreet Journal, Dec. 27. No. 209.
523:
508:
487:
121:, being a mixture of fruit, spices and
3843:The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy
3819:The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary
891:"Thanksgiving and the New England Pie"
884:
882:
792:Hirst, Christopher (4 December 2011),
594:
16:Sweet pie with dried fruits and spices
3709:The Queen-like Closet or Rich Cabinet
2556:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1175:1001 Christmas Facts and Fancies 1937
1167:, vol. 1, Charles Knight and Co.
953:(third ed.), Osprey Publishing,
820:
767:
702:
654:
618:
567:
7:
630:
606:
582:
4062:Modern Cookery for Private Families
3877:The Experienced English Housekeeper
714:
666:
1161:Brand, John; Ellis, Henry (1841),
14:
833:George, Colin (11 January 2012),
536:The Christmas Encyclopedia, 3d ed
243:presumed that "the coffin of our
4050:A New System of Domestic Cookery
3026:
2977:
2976:
2432:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2327:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
440:
81:
4546:Rationing in the United Kingdom
1079:, McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP,
903:from the original on 2012-12-22
57:
2412:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2341:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1724:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1503:Legend of the Christmas Spider
697:English Presbyterian eloquence
221:was, according to the English
1:
3460:
2363:Christmas television specials
2262:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1349:Annunciation to the shepherds
1110:The Table-Talk of John Selden
780:Stavely & Fitzgerald 2004
466:List of pies, tarts and flans
410:Mincemeat pie was brought to
232:, where Roman fathers in the
4246:A Book of Mediterranean Food
3895:The Housekeeper's Instructor
3892:William Augustus Henderson (
2417:Christmas and holiday season
1172:Hottes, Alfred Carl (2004),
857:Clare, Sean (6 April 2012),
320:, is made an abomination."
4440:Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall
4610:
3886:The English Art of Cookery
1329:Adoration of the Shepherds
1147:, London: Lockwood and Co.
1011:, W. & R. Chambers ltd
993:; Johnson, Samuel (1807),
699:, printed for T. Bickerton
538:. McFarland. p. 120.
534:Crump, William D. (2013).
4470:A History of English Food
3933:Cottage or Shepherd's pie
3810:Mrs Mary Eales's Receipts
2972:
2573:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2334:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2255:The Oxford Book of Carols
1831:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1394:Massacre of the Innocents
1243:
727:Butler & Johnson 1807
358:The Life of Samuel Butler
76:
26:
4536:List of savoury puddings
4164:Steak and kidney pudding
4069:Charles Elmé Francatelli
3913:Bread and butter pudding
3598:The Good Huswifes Jewell
3148:Chicken and mushroom pie
2375:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1192:Doerkson, Cliff (2010),
1178:, Kessinger Publishing,
947:Baker, Margaret (1992),
748:The Gentleman's Magazine
428:The J.M. Smucker Company
367:The Gentleman's Magazine
326:History of the Rebellion
4531:List of English cheeses
4465:Clarissa Dickson Wright
4450:Antony Worrall Thompson
3213:Melton Mowbray pork pie
2537:Small Business Saturday
2407:Black Friday (shopping)
2402:Black Friday (partying)
1896:Nine Lessons and Carols
1826:Events and celebrations
1096:The Harleian Miscellany
1065:, C. S. Francis and Co.
896:. Pilgrim Hall Museum.
643:Markham & Best 1994
4541:List of sweet puddings
4526:List of English dishes
4134:Full English breakfast
3831:The Compleat Housewife
3641:Trifle (without jelly)
3284:Dickinson & Morris
2181:Post-War United States
1059:Lee, N. K. M. (1854),
1042:A Christmas Compendium
695:Lewis, Thomas (1720),
390:
353:
343:
265:
172:was frowned on by the
131:English-speaking world
105:in North America, and
4403:Sticky toffee pudding
3865:The British Housewife
2230:Hit singles in the US
2225:Hit singles in the UK
1786:Carols by Candlelight
1714:Santa Claus' daughter
1322:Adoration of the Magi
1195:The Real American Pie
1113:, London: J. R. Smith
1076:The English Housewife
388:
348:
257:
249:T. F. Thistleton-Dyer
33:A plate of mince pies
4373:Chicken tikka masala
4209:Worcestershire sauce
3938:Cumberland rum nicky
3697:The Accomplisht Cook
3258:Steak and oyster pie
3253:Steak and kidney pie
3143:Cheese and onion pie
3128:Bedfordshire clanger
3077:Cumberland rum nicky
3062:Bedfordshire clanger
2522:Santa's Candy Castle
1846:Google Santa Tracker
701:, and reproduced in
461:List of fruit dishes
87:Media: Mince pie
4388:Knickerbocker glory
4008:Trifle (with jelly)
3759:Sussex pond pudding
3685:The English Huswife
3208:Meat and potato pie
2527:Santa Claus Village
2442:Christmas Mountains
2348:Journey of the Magi
1354:Baptism of the Lord
1124:, UNC Press Books,
927:Ayto, John (1990),
139:Christian symbolism
117:origin filled with
23:
4378:Coronation chicken
4305:Marco Pierre White
4109:Cauliflower cheese
3586:The Boke of Cokery
2637:Twelve-dish supper
2487:Jews and Christmas
2437:Christmas Lectures
2166:American Civil War
1901:NORAD Tracks Santa
1277:Saint Nicholas Day
839:, nebusiness.co.uk
705:, pp. 527–528
633:, pp. 184–185
621:, pp. 527–528
609:, pp. 458–459
391:
354:
330:Marchamont Needham
308:, cloves, nutmeg,
266:
263:William Henry Hunt
4554:
4553:
4506:
4505:
4493:Coronation quiche
4455:Heston Blumenthal
4411:
4410:
4393:Ploughman's lunch
4275:Marguerite Patten
4217:
4216:
4149:Lancashire hotpot
4104:Bubble and squeak
4026:
4025:
4018:Yorkshire pudding
3918:Christmas pudding
3872:Elizabeth Raffald
3854:Professed Cookery
3777:
3776:
3749:Queen of Puddings
3721:The Closet Opened
3668:Elinor Fettiplace
3649:
3648:
3562:
3561:
3471:The Forme of Cury
3456:Utilis Coquinario
3432:
3431:
3367:
3366:
3123:Bacon and egg pie
2992:
2991:
2968:
2967:
2632:Thirteen desserts
2552:Virginia O'Hanlon
2397:Advent Conspiracy
2311:Films (Christmas,
2303:A Christmas Carol
2248:Carols for Choirs
1791:Cavalcade of Magi
1771:Boar's Head Feast
1440:Star of Bethlehem
1411:Nativity of Jesus
1399:flight into Egypt
1284:St. Stephen's Day
1032:978-1-4067-7899-1
798:independent.co.uk
693:Quote taken from
456:Christmas pudding
314:English Civil War
170:English Civil War
95:
94:
4599:
4577:New Zealand pies
4567:British desserts
4498:Platinum Pudding
4420:
4320:Fergus Henderson
4226:
4119:Devilled kidneys
4035:
4003:Toad in the hole
3883:Richard Briggs (
3786:
3658:
3571:
3465:
3462:
3445:
3414:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3294:Galloways Bakers
3031:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2815:Redcurrant sauce
2604:
2598:
2593:
2567:Winter festivals
2317:Christmas horror
2284:
2195:
2026:
1881:Meals and feasts
1801:Christmas jumper
1748:
1719:Santa's reindeer
1671:
1617:Father Christmas
1581:
1538:Santa's workshop
1459:
1421:in later culture
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1237:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1198:, Chicago Reader
1188:
1168:
1148:
1134:
1114:
1100:
1089:
1071:Markham, Gervase
1066:
1055:
1039:John, J (2005),
1035:
1012:
1008:The Book of Days
1003:Chambers, Robert
998:
986:
963:
943:
913:
912:
910:
908:
902:
895:
886:
877:
876:
875:
873:
854:
848:
847:
846:
844:
830:
824:
818:
812:
811:
810:
808:
789:
783:
777:
771:
770:, pp. 32–33
765:
759:
758:
757:
755:
742:On Christmas Pye
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
691:
685:
679:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
571:
565:
554:
553:
531:
516:
513:
496:
492:
450:
445:
444:
272:claimed that in
127:Christmas season
85:
67:Main ingredients
31:
24:
22:
4609:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4587:English cuisine
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4519:Food in England
4502:
4481:
4430:Michel Roux Jr.
4407:
4363:Beef Wellington
4346:
4325:The Whole Beast
4258:Food in England
4253:Dorothy Hartley
4241:Elizabeth David
4213:
4169:Battenberg cake
4092:
4081:Isabella Beeton
4074:The Modern Cook
4022:
3901:
3795:Mary Kettilby (
3773:
3727:
3680:Gervase Markham
3645:
3604:
3558:
3477:
3463:
3441:to 15th century
3440:
3428:
3403:
3401:English cuisine
3398:
3368:
3363:
3267:
3153:Corned beef pie
3111:
3087:Manchester tart
3035:
3027:
3025:
3023:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2964:
2930:Pickled herring
2903:
2872:
2819:
2810:Cranberry sauce
2793:
2772:
2748:Red velvet cake
2733:Poppy seed roll
2651:
2602:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2562:White Christmas
2452:Christmas truce
2447:Christmas seals
2427:Christmas creep
2389:
2387:
2381:
2282:
2276:
2193:
2187:
2024:
2018:
1871:Lord of Misrule
1806:Christmas Peace
1756:Advent calendar
1746:
1740:
1689:Knecht Ruprecht
1669:
1667:
1661:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1374:Herod the Great
1309:
1303:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1202:
1191:
1186:
1171:
1160:
1156:
1154:Further reading
1151:
1137:
1132:
1117:
1103:
1092:
1087:
1069:
1058:
1053:
1038:
1033:
1015:
1001:
989:
984:
966:
961:
946:
941:
926:
917:
916:
906:
904:
900:
893:
888:
887:
880:
871:
869:
856:
855:
851:
842:
840:
832:
831:
827:
819:
815:
806:
804:
802:The Independent
791:
790:
786:
778:
774:
766:
762:
753:
751:
738:
737:
733:
725:
721:
713:
709:
694:
692:
688:
680:
673:
665:
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
629:
625:
617:
613:
605:
601:
593:
589:
581:
574:
566:
557:
546:
533:
532:
525:
520:
519:
514:
510:
500:
499:
493:
489:
479:
446:
439:
436:
408:
286:Gervase Markham
191:
186:
129:in much of the
107:fruit mince pie
91:
59:Place of origin
34:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4582:Christmas food
4579:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4462:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4426:
4424:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4317:
4312:
4310:Nigella Lawson
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4265:Constance Spry
4262:
4250:
4238:
4236:Florence Petty
4232:
4230:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4199:Summer pudding
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4154:Potted shrimps
4151:
4146:
4144:Ice cream cone
4141:
4136:
4131:
4129:Fish and chips
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4078:
4066:
4054:
4041:
4039:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3869:
3860:Martha Bradley
3857:
3847:
3835:
3823:
3814:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3764:Sweet and sour
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3713:
3704:Hannah Woolley
3701:
3689:
3677:
3664:
3662:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3590:
3581:Richard Pynson
3577:
3575:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3451:
3449:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Holland's Pies
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3233:Shepherd's pie
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3168:Cumberland pie
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Blackberry pie
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2861:Smoking Bishop
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2544:
2542:Super Saturday
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:Giving Tuesday
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2422:Christmas club
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2320:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:Piae Cantiones
2265:
2258:
2251:
2241:
2235:Music charts (
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Père Fouettard
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1670:Saint Nicholas
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Grandpa Indian
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1590:Saint Nicholas
1586:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:Old Man Winter
1525:
1520:
1515:
1513:Miner's figure
1510:
1505:
1500:
1498:Kallikantzaros
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1428:Nativity scene
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1263:Children's Day
1259:
1252:
1249:Blue Christmas
1244:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1184:
1169:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1135:
1130:
1115:
1101:
1090:
1085:
1067:
1056:
1051:
1036:
1031:
1025:, Read Books,
1013:
999:
991:Butler, Samuel
987:
982:
964:
959:
944:
939:
923:
915:
914:
878:
849:
825:
813:
784:
772:
760:
731:
719:
707:
686:
671:
659:
647:
635:
623:
611:
599:
587:
572:
555:
544:
522:
521:
518:
517:
507:
506:
498:
497:
486:
485:
478:
475:
474:
473:
471:Stir-up Sunday
468:
463:
458:
452:
451:
435:
432:
407:
404:
362:Samuel Johnson
190:
187:
185:
182:
93:
92:
90:
89:
77:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4605:
4604:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:River Cottage
4441:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Bakewell tart
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:Gordon Ramsay
4330:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:Fanny Cradock
4268:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Jam roly-poly
4182:
4180:
4179:Eve's pudding
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4045:Maria Rundell
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4013:Welsh rarebit
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3838:Hannah Glasse
3836:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:Black pudding
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3593:Thomas Dawson
3591:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:Pease pudding
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
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3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
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3492:
3490:
3487:
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3480:
3473:
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3468:
3458:
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3453:
3452:
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3446:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:Manufacturers
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Cornish pasty
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Bakewell tart
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:Meat and fish
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Hot chocolate
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:Ugly sweaters
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:Controversies
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:In literature
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:United States
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Moravian star
1889:
1887:
1886:Midnight Mass
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:Candle arches
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Advent wreath
1764:
1762:
1761:Advent candle
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:Companions of
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:Gift-bringers
1575:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1445:Twelfth Night
1443:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Nativity Fast
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Christmastide
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Angel Gabriel
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:Biblical Magi
1315:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1270:Christmas Eve
1267:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:1-4179-7650-0
1181:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:0-8078-2894-7
1127:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1086:0-7735-1103-2
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1052:0-8264-8749-1
1048:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
985:
983:9787270007267
979:
975:
974:
969:
965:
962:
960:0-7478-0175-4
956:
952:
951:
945:
942:
940:0-415-02647-4
936:
933:, Routledge,
932:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
899:
892:
885:
883:
879:
868:
864:
860:
853:
850:
838:
837:
829:
826:
822:
817:
814:
803:
799:
795:
788:
785:
782:, p. 220
781:
776:
773:
769:
764:
761:
749:
745:
743:
735:
732:
728:
723:
720:
717:, p. 500
716:
711:
708:
704:
698:
690:
687:
684:, p. 755
683:
682:Chambers 1864
678:
676:
672:
669:, p. 141
668:
663:
660:
657:, p. 530
656:
651:
648:
645:, p. 104
644:
639:
636:
632:
627:
624:
620:
615:
612:
608:
603:
600:
596:
591:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
570:, p. 149
569:
564:
562:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:9781476605739
541:
537:
530:
528:
524:
512:
509:
505:
504:
491:
488:
484:
483:
476:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
449:
443:
438:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
405:
403:
401:
397:
387:
383:
381:
380:Victorian age
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
359:
356:In his essay
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:Christmas pie
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:bloom raisins
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
264:
260:
259:Christmas Pie
256:
252:
250:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
183:
181:
179:
178:Victorian era
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:Biblical Magi
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:mincemeat pie
100:
88:
84:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
4572:British pies
4517:
4468:
4459:The Fat Duck
4416:21st century
4323:
4315:Jamie Oliver
4295:Nigel Slater
4280:Jane Grigson
4256:
4244:
4222:20th century
4204:Windsor soup
4194:Madeira cake
4159:Sausage roll
4084:
4072:
4060:
4048:
4031:19th century
3998:Suet pudding
3948:Jellied eels
3893:
3884:
3875:
3863:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3808:
3796:
3782:18th century
3739:Battalia pie
3719:
3716:Kenelm Digby
3707:
3695:
3683:
3673:Receipt Book
3672:
3654:17th century
3596:
3584:
3567:16th century
3528:
3499:Banbury cake
3469:
3454:
3359:Wrights Pies
3279:Clark's Pies
3243:Stargazy pie
3107:Treacle tart
3091:
3082:Custard tart
3057:Banoffee pie
3033:British pies
2920:Gefilte fish
2868:Ponche crema
2707:
2703:Melomakarono
2571:
2462:Cyber Monday
2367:
2332:
2301:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2243:Music books
2236:
2074:Nazi Germany
1966:
1962:Secret Santa
1949:
1836:Flying Santa
1543:Tió de Nadal
1493:Korvatunturi
1344:Annunciation
1310:Christianity
1291:Sol Invictus
1194:
1174:
1163:
1143:
1120:
1109:
1105:Selden, John
1095:
1093:N/A (1744),
1075:
1061:
1041:
1021:
1007:
994:
972:
949:
929:
920:Bibliography
919:
918:
905:. Retrieved
870:, retrieved
862:
852:
841:, retrieved
835:
828:
823:, p. 33
816:
805:, retrieved
797:
787:
775:
763:
752:, retrieved
747:
741:
734:
729:, p. 21
722:
710:
696:
689:
662:
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
597:, p. 27
590:
585:, p. 78
549:
535:
511:
502:
501:
490:
481:
480:
424:Thanksgiving
409:
392:
375:
365:
357:
355:
339:
333:
325:
317:
304:, currants,
267:
258:
244:
192:
155:
151:Christ Child
106:
102:
98:
96:
4477:Rachel Khoo
4434:Le Gavroche
4398:Salad cream
4368:Carrot cake
4337:Gary Rhodes
4300:Keith Floyd
4285:Delia Smith
4057:Eliza Acton
3953:Jugged hare
3943:Eccles cake
3826:Eliza Smith
3816:John Nott (
3754:Sponge cake
3744:Currant bun
3519:Gingerbread
3464: 1300
3438:Middle Ages
3409:Roman times
3344:Shire Foods
3324:Pieminister
3289:Fray Bentos
3263:Woolton pie
3203:Lamprey pie
3178:Devizes pie
3163:Cottage pie
3102:Rhubarb pie
3097:Pumpkin pie
2935:Roast goose
2856:Mulled wine
2836:Champurrado
2831:Apple cider
2805:Bread sauce
2758:Szaloncukor
2738:Pumpkin pie
2688:Gingerbread
2642:Smörgåsbord
2283:Other media
2121:Philippines
2111:New Zealand
1994:Twelve Days
1951:Räuchermann
1906:Nutcrackers
1856:Las Posadas
1816:Decorations
1796:Christingle
1736:Zwarte Piet
1731:Snegurochka
1652:Sinterklaas
1602:Santa Claus
1139:Timbs, John
1017:Dyer, T. F.
968:Brand, John
872:14 November
843:14 November
754:24 November
595:Selden 1856
448:Food portal
422:holiday of
412:New England
406:New England
310:brown sugar
298:beef tongue
274:Elizabethan
241:John Selden
4592:Fruit pies
4561:Categories
4342:Mary Berry
4290:Rick Stein
4189:Lardy cake
3983:Roast beef
3973:Piccalilli
3805:Mary Eales
3692:Robert May
3621:Fruit fool
3504:Cheesecake
3349:Square Pie
3339:Pukka Pies
3334:Pork Farms
3314:Mr Kipling
3228:Scotch pie
3198:Killie pie
3193:Homity pie
3138:Butter pie
2663:Candy cane
2612:Joulupöytä
2512:Pikkujoulu
2176:New Mexico
2025:By country
1999:Wassailing
1940:Poinsettia
1747:Traditions
1699:Mrs. Claus
1679:Belsnickel
1632:Julemanden
1627:Joulupukki
1558:Wenceslaus
1523:North Pole
1488:Jack Frost
1478:Christkind
1433:Neapolitan
1256:Boxing Day
907:3 December
821:Baker 1992
807:7 December
768:Baker 1992
703:Brand 1849
655:Brand 1849
619:Brand 1849
568:Timbs 1866
477:References
400:urban myth
349:Home-made
270:John Brand
230:Saturnalia
226:John Timbs
4423:Exemplars
4229:Exemplars
4174:Eton mess
4038:Exemplars
3963:Marmalade
3789:Exemplars
3661:Exemplars
3574:Exemplars
3529:Mince pie
3489:Apple pie
3474:(c. 1390)
3448:Exemplars
3248:Steak pie
3238:Squab pie
3173:Curry pie
3092:Mince pie
3072:Black bun
3047:Apple pie
2950:Tourtière
2940:Romeritos
2877:Dumplings
2824:Beverages
2728:Pecan pie
2718:Panettone
2713:Pampushka
2708:Mince pie
2683:Fruitcake
2627:Réveillon
2507:NFL games
2502:NBA games
2497:In August
2467:Economics
2237:Billboard
2091:Indonesia
2034:Australia
2009:Yule goat
1984:Stockings
1918:Ornaments
1647:Père Noël
1642:Olentzero
1637:Noel Baba
1612:Ded Moroz
1568:Yule Lads
1508:Mari Lwyd
1359:Bethlehem
1236:Christmas
863:bbc.co.uk
631:Ayto 1990
607:Dyer 2007
583:John 2005
482:Footnotes
351:mincemeat
245:Christmas
223:antiquary
199:Holy Land
197:from the
195:crusaders
135:crusaders
119:mincemeat
99:mince pie
71:Mincemeat
21:Mince pie
4139:HP Sauce
3988:Sandwich
3978:Pork pie
3850:Ann Cook
3636:Syllabub
3514:Game pie
3424:Sausages
3299:Ginsters
3218:Pork pie
3188:Game pie
3183:Fish pie
2983:Category
2954:meat pie
2945:Stuffing
2899:Varenyky
2768:Yule log
2743:Qurabiya
2617:Julebord
2590:Food and
2517:SantaCon
2482:El Gordo
2369:Yule Log
2141:Scotland
2054:Ethiopia
2039:Colombia
2014:Yule log
1968:Spanbaum
1945:Pyramids
1811:Crackers
1709:Sack Man
1595:folklore
1563:Yule cat
1468:Badalisc
1458:folklore
1369:Epiphany
1141:(1866),
1107:(1856),
1019:(2007),
1005:(1864),
976:, Bohn,
970:(1849),
898:Archived
715:N/A 1744
667:Lee 1854
434:See also
420:American
416:Puritans
334:December
322:Puritans
278:Jacobean
211:cinnamon
4511:Related
4383:Crumble
4124:Faggots
4114:Cobbler
3958:Ketchup
3923:Chutney
3856:, 1754)
3822:, 1723)
3700:, 1660)
3688:, 1615)
3676:, 1604)
3626:Pancake
3601:, 1585)
3589:, 1500)
3554:Pottage
3524:Kippers
3509:Custard
3329:Poole's
3319:Peter's
3304:Higgidy
3223:Pot pie
3116:Savoury
2889:Pierogi
2884:Hallaca
2789:Borscht
2753:Stollen
2723:Pavlova
2698:Makówki
2678:Cozonac
2647:Wigilia
2532:Scrooge
2492:In July
2390:society
2322:Poetry
2156:Ukraine
2131:Romania
2096:Ireland
2086:Iceland
2081:Hungary
2069:Germany
2059:Finland
2049:England
2044:Denmark
2004:Windows
1935:Piñatas
1923:Parades
1876:Markets
1861:Letters
1851:Hampers
1694:Krampus
1533:Perchta
1473:Caganer
376:Babylon
372:Quakers
234:Vatican
189:Britain
184:History
174:Puritan
115:English
62:England
53:Dessert
4522:(1954)
4486:Dishes
4351:Dishes
4097:Dishes
3993:Scouse
3968:Parkin
3906:Dishes
3732:Dishes
3631:Scones
3609:Dishes
3534:Mortis
3482:Dishes
3417:Dishes
3354:Wall's
3133:Bridie
2960:Turkey
2894:Tamale
2851:Kissel
2841:Eggnog
2798:Sauces
2784:Menudo
2763:Turrón
2673:Cookie
2656:Sweets
2622:Kūčios
2603:Dinner
2477:Grinch
2388:modern
2355:Tomten
2314:Santa,
2297:novels
2215:Operas
2203:Carols
2171:Hawaii
2151:Sweden
2146:Serbia
2136:Russia
2126:Poland
2116:Norway
2106:Mexico
2064:France
1979:Stamps
1974:Szopka
1866:Lights
1821:Didukh
1657:Others
1607:Befana
1553:Vertep
1416:in art
1384:Joseph
1334:Advent
1182:
1128:
1083:
1049:
1029:
980:
957:
937:
551:gifts.
542:
396:Greggs
282:mutton
238:jurist
219:nutmeg
215:cloves
166:nutmeg
164:, and
162:cloves
158:mutton
147:manger
101:(also
80:
49:Course
4473:2011)
4328:1999)
4261:1954)
4249:1950)
4089:1861)
4077:1846)
4065:1845)
4053:1806)
3928:Curry
3898:1791)
3889:1788)
3880:1769)
3868:1758)
3846:1747)
3834:1727)
3813:1718)
3801:1714)
3724:1699)
3712:1670)
3539:Pasty
3494:Bacon
3040:Sweet
2693:Kutia
2592:drink
2220:Songs
2194:Music
2101:Italy
1957:Seals
1911:dolls
1841:Gifts
1781:Cards
1684:Elves
1548:Turoń
1518:Nisse
1483:Grýla
1379:Jesus
901:(PDF)
894:(PDF)
503:Notes
294:goose
261:, by
203:Tudor
2915:Carp
2777:Soup
2668:Cake
2579:Xmas
2208:list
1989:Tree
1928:list
1389:Mary
1298:Yule
1180:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1047:ISBN
1027:ISBN
978:ISBN
955:ISBN
935:ISBN
909:2015
874:2012
845:2012
809:2011
756:2010
540:ISBN
306:mace
290:veal
276:and
217:and
207:suet
123:suet
39:Type
3769:Tea
3549:Pie
2925:Ham
1455:In
867:BBC
113:of
111:pie
43:Pie
4563::
3461:c.
2558:")
2554:("
2386:In
1308:In
881:^
865:,
861:,
800:,
796:,
746:,
674:^
575:^
558:^
548:.
526:^
402:.
360:,
328:,
213:,
153:.
97:A
4467:(
4461:)
4457:(
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4442:(
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4322:(
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2353:"
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2343:"
2339:"
2329:"
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2319:)
2239:)
1227:e
1220:t
1213:v
911:.
744:"
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