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allows the system to be easily controlled beyond line-of-sight and at night, a unique feature of this system. Its unique modular design allows for quick-connect payloads of different types and its arms and legs are changeable in the field, with no tools. This allows the user to repair damages easily and return to operation quickly. The Scout is approximately 0.8 m from propeller tip to tip and operates using four brushless DC motors, making it very quiet. It has an endurance of approximately 20 minutes. It is capable of flying in winds up to 50 km/h and designed for all-weather operation, with an industrial temperature range. It has a payload capability of approximately 250 grams. It has been designed for both military and civilian use, with specific focus to remain dual-use compliant.
1306:. The ornithopter design concept followed experiments conducted in the mid-1990s by Charles Ellington, a zoologist at the University of Cambridge, and his colleagues, in which mechanical analogues of insect wings were tested in a wind tunnel. The group was only interested in studying the biomechanics of insects and was extremely surprised that somebody seemed interested in them. The Caltech / AeroVironment MicroBat ornithopter was test-flown for short distances under battery power. Researchers performing flight tests with the MicroBat said it tended to attract small birds when it ran low on power and fell to the ground. The birds clustered near the floundering ornithopter in what seemed to be a desire to help.
1466:, using a crew of two soldiers, who would be able to get it flying in five minutes. Its sensor systems will be able to provide targeting data to within 10 meters (33 feet) to support non-line-of-sight weapons. The UAV would have autonomous flight capabilities with the ability to maneuver in cluttered terrain using an all-weather obstacle-avoidance system, and DARPA wanted it to have the ability to land and conduct observations from its landing site. Other possibilities were use of the UAV for communications relay, SIGINT, countermeasures, or even armed attack. The Army was interested in the program, but its current status is uncertain. It may have disappeared again; and if so it may reappear once more.
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with an inlet hole on one side and an exhaust hole on the other. It was expected to have a thrust-to-weight ratio of about 100—incredible compared to any "macroscale" engine but a logical consequence of scaling the technology down in size—and run at about 1.2 million RPM, making bearings a tricky issue. Since it could "spool up" in about a millisecond, it was envisioned as operating in a pulsed mode to conserve fuel and also provide a throttling scheme. A functioning gas turbine was never successfully implemented at this scale after years of development.
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camera, 10 Mega Pixel photo camera or infrared camera. The UAV is powered by electric motor driving a small propeller in the nose, with rechargeable batteries permitting an hour of continuous flight at the range of 40 km. Its takeoff and landing is performed in fully automatic mode. The range of application is rather wide, including monitoring of emergencies and natural disasters, remote monitoring of fuel and energy complex, patrolling of land and sea borders, industrial and environmental monitoring, and protection of security-critical facilities.
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that time. The US Army also placed orders for up to 105 Ravens in the late summer of 2003 after the US occupation of Iraq led to persistent insurgent attacks on US forces. Since then, the RQ-11B Raven B has become the official standard SUAS (Small
Unmanned Aircraft System) for USSOCOM, US Army, US Marines, and several countries. As of early 2008, over 8000 Raven airframes have been shipped to customers worldwide. Ravens have been operational in combat in Afghanistan, Iraq, and other undisclosed locations.
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1234:(MAVs)". The MAV project's goals was to develop a microdrone whose largest dimension was no more than 15 centimeters (5.9 in); would carry a day-night imager; have an endurance of about two hours; and be very low cost. It would operate with a high degree of autonomy to be used in the squad-level combat environment. MAVs capable of hovering and vertical flight would be used to scout out buildings for urban combat and counter terrorist operations. A MAV could be included in a pilot's
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done automatically after selecting the aerial image area. The flightplan can be altered before and during the flight. No catapult or launching device is necessary because the UAV is hand-launched. During the flight aerial images are recorded automatically. Manual control during the flight in case of emergencies is possible with assisted flight mode supported by the autopilot. In this mode landing is also possible on very small areas. Autonomous landing is also available.
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1486:, with the wing in the form of a rectangle with a slightly swept leading edge. It is propeller driven, with the propeller in front. The Wasp's main improvement over the Black Widow is that the lithium-ion battery and wing structures are one and the same, allowing maximum battery capacity relative to MAV size. The Wasp has a wingspan of 33 centimeters (13 in) and a weight of 210 grams (7.4 ounces). Like the Black Widow, the Wasp is radio controlled.
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1431:. Basic aerodynamics of the mesicopter were defined by a cycle of computer simulation, followed by tests of model components. The research led to mesicopter rotor designs where the rotor looked much more like the blades of an ordinary room fan than the rotor of a conventional helicopter. Propeller designs did not achieve desired efficiency and the Mesicopter was never able to lift the weight of its own energy source.
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15 km, maximum flight duration is 90 minutes. ZALA 421-08 is powered by an electric motor. The UAV is launched by hand and landed on a 30×100m ground using parachute. Small sizes make it indispensable in urban areas and busy air spaces. Being operated by all power ministries of Russia, ZALA 421-08 has proved itself as an extremely useful surveillance tool when capturing the terrorists and smugglers.
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526:. Both of these UAVs have a launch weight of about 5.5 kilograms (12 pounds), a speed of from 35 to 70 km/h (20 to 40 knots), and can carry either a color daylight imager or an infrared imager. The Skylark I is of conventional configuration, resembling nothing so much as a large kid's rubber-band airplane with a pod under the fuselage. It has an endurance of 1.5 hours.
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drone, which then unfolded into flight configuration. The WASP had a folding vee tail, a folding two-blade propeller up front, and two straight folding wings. The wings were folded into six sections and unfolded into a total span of 94.5 centimeters (3.10 feet). Once unfolded, the right wing was higher on the fuselage than the left, a result of the packaging scheme.
1032:. Avian UAV has a wingspan of 1.6m and MTOW of 3.45 kg. Avian UAS has been very successful in monitoring the disaster in Taiwan and Thailand. Avian UAS is very user friendly and is designed to allow operator to operate with minimal training. It can be operated in complete autonomous mode, or simply using the gamepad to control the heading of the Avian UAV.
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753:. It weighs 3.2 kilograms (7.1 pounds), has a wingspan of 1.32 meters (52 in) and a length of 86.4 centimeters (34.0 in). It is made mostly of plastic foam, suggesting something like a Nerf toy, and uses an electric motor driving a pusher propeller as a powerplant, making it very quiet. It is launched with a bungee cord, carries three small
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Both the Shadow Ranger and slightly larger Eco Ranger have electric motors, gyro stabilized daytime and thermal video cameras (with retractable gimbal option), kevlar and composite structures and 60–120 minutes endurance (longer endurance is available for Eco Ranger with optional gas powered engines). In 2014 The Ranger systems will be deployed in
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916:, which is fired out of a tube like an antitank missile, and has an endurance of about an hour. It can be launched from a vehicle mount or shoulder-launched by a soldier. Skylite B is the newest version, and is rail-launched. In October 2008, Rafael announced that a SkyLite B had achieved an altitude of 70,000 feet (21,000 m).
1459:-powered ducted-fan vertical-takeoff UAV with a weight of 51 kilograms (112 pounds), including a payload of 10 kilograms; a range of 10 kilometers (6.2 mi); a top speed of 92 km/h (50 knots); the ability to hover in a 37 km/h (20 knots) wind; an endurance of two hours; and a ceiling of 3,350 meters (10,990 feet).
860:(no relationship to the BAI Aerosystems Dragon). The Dragon Eye is a tailless design with a rectangular wing and twin props. It is designed to fit into a backpack, with a weight of 2.25 kilograms (5.0 pounds) and a span of 1.14 meters (3 feet 9 inches). It can be launched by hand or bungee slingshot and has a GPS-
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major hazard in day-to-day civilian photomapping operations. No groundstation nor laptop is required as missions are defined relative to takeoff position. Despite featuring parachute, a sturdy fuselage, under 5 kg TOW and up to 1 kg payload, the UAV can fly one-hour missions (two hours with reduced payload).
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developed by A-Level
Aerosystems, Izhevsk, Russia is a flying wing UAV featuring a weight of 1.7 kg and a wing span of mere 0.8 m. The payload consists of color forward-looking and side-looking cameras. The plug-in cameras module can be easily replaced with the infrared camera. Its range is
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One of the features is that the operator monitors Dragon Eye operation through "video goggles" connected to a laptop computer. The control system weighs about 5.4 kilograms (12 pounds). The Dragon Eye's endurance is an hour. The production contract for Dragon Eye was awarded to AeroVironment in 2003,
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The Raven has an endurance of 90 minutes on rechargeable batteries. It can be carried by a single soldier along with other standard battle gear. Following the
Afghanistan campaign in 2001–2002, the US SOCOM ordered 80 Ravens, which was more than the total number of Pointers that had been sold to
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The DGA envisions an operational MAV as about 40 centimeters (16 in) long, with a weight of less than 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds), an endurance of 15 minutes or more, a ceiling of 100 meters (330 feet) and an operating radius of a kilometer (0.6 mile). For the moment, the concept seems
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DARPA did begin a follow-on effort in the spring of 2002, working with the US Army on a larger ducted fan vehicle as a follow-on to SLADF under the "Organic Air
Vehicle (OAV)" program. Allied Aerospace, which had bought out Micro Craft, demonstrated a scaled-up SLADF, while Honeywell performed tests
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In 2010, the company introduced a novel UAV that can fly diverse pre-programmed missions using only the simplest mission selector and a single takeoff button. The UAV features automatic takeoff and parachute landing, allowing reduction of workload and reducing configuration mistakes, identified as a
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The SkyLite has a certain general resemblance to the
Raytheon SilentEyes, being a tube a 110 centimeters (3 feet 7 inches) long with a glass sensor nose; a pusher propeller powered by an electric motor; pop-out straight wings with a span of 150 centimeters (4 feet 11 inches); and
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A production device was envisioned as a centrifugal-flow engine about two centimeters across burning natural gas, with a single turbine disk for compression and a single disk for exhaust rotation. The design didn't look much like a conventional turbojet, resembling more a tiny flat cylindrical box
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MAV. Developed by a team led by Matt Keenon, the Black Widow was powered by electric motor driving a small propeller in the nose, with a lithium battery permitting about 20 minutes of flight. It carried an off-the-shelf camera chip giving it a color video resolution of 510 by 492 pixels. While the
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with a diameter of about 15 centimeters (5.9 in) and a weight of 1.8 kilograms (4.0 pounds), with payload. The SLADF did not appear to use a contra-rotating rotor design, using a single rotor with aerodynamic deflection surfaces inside the duct to cancel torque. First flight test of the SLADF
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The MIT group modified a standard illumination flare round to serve as the external case. After firing, the shell popped out six fins to keep it from tumbling. Once the shell was 20 kilometers (12 mi) downrange, a parachute popped out of the tail to extract the drone. The parachute slowed the
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UAS services provider founded in 2012, has designed and built an all new range of man-portable UAVs which are called Shadow Ranger and Eco Ranger. These small UAV can hand or rail launch depending upon payload weight. Systems have fully autonomous flight with automatic take off and landing option.
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The Skate SUAS is a man portable unmanned system designed for the tactical user (military, police etc.) but also useful for other applications where portability and operation from constrained environments are critical. It is a 2.2 lb (1 kg) airframe coupled with a custom portable GCS. It
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and a propeller in the front, it was followed by an improved Black Widow that looked a little like a thin portable CD player with tapered edges and cut-off corners; a propeller in front; and three fins on the back. It did not have autonomous navigation capabilities, and was controlled essentially
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The SIRIUS UAS is a completely autonomous small airplane with a wingspan of two meters. The UAV combined with the image post processing software enables one to simply obtain aerial images and calculate orthofotos and three dimensional elevation models out of the image data. The flight planning is
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UAV designed for aerial reconnaissance by users with minimal training. Weighing just 1.3 kg, it features onboard intelligence, all-digital communications and a map-based touch-screen control which enables new users to operate the vehicles with only minutes of training. This map-based control
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The DARPA MAV effort ended in 2000 and the results of the effort were somewhat negative, demonstrating that a 15 centimeter UAV was simply too small to be useful or even workable, at least over the short run. However, though the size was unrealistic, the basic concept seemed valid even if a
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micro-helicopter built by
Lutronix Corporation of Del Mar, California. The Kolibri (German for "Hummingbird") was larger than the other DARPA MAV prototypes, with a weight of about 300 grams. The Kolibri was built as a cylinder with rotors at one or both ends, using vanes moved through the rotor
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Other tricky issues were control systems, since an MAV couldn't be flown like a model airplane and would have to be able to tolerate turbulence and wind gusts, and miniaturizing navigation, communications, and sensor systems, as well as ensuring that they didn't interfere with each other. DARPA
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Along with the flight prototypes, the DARPA effort considered subsystems design. A useful operational MAV would need a lightweight, highly efficient engine with a power source with high energy density. Electric motors were becoming available that met the requirement, but power sources were more
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The fuel cell system is expected to provide three times the endurance of batteries of comparable weight, though early flights were limited by the tendency of the fuel cells to dry out. DARPA is actually more interested in the battery-powered Wasp, but other interested parties in the US defense
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is a flying wing UAV specially designed by A-Level
Aerosystems, Izhevsk, Russia for Federal Security Service. It features a weight of approximately 4 kg and a wingspan of 1.6 m. The UAV carries EO equipment weighing up to 1 kg which may include gyro-stabilized down-looking video
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shares the map-based control interface. The SkyRanger is capable of longer duration flight, and can fly up to 50 minutes with a dual EO/IR payload. The SkyRanger has a higher bitrate, IP-based network and is capable of streaming HD video from over 5 km, with multicasting capabilities. The
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ed infrared or color TV camera, with the video compressed for transmission by a UHF communications link over line-of-sight ranges. It could also carry a jammer payload, or a small warhead. Since multiple SilentEyes would be deployed at the same time, each could be assigned a different code or
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UAV. SilentEyes looked like a simple metal cylinder with a rounded cap, straight folding wings mounted in the middle of the UAV and with a noticeable dihedral, and a folding inverted-vee tail. The UAV was 46 centimeters (18 in) long and less than 7 centimeters (2.8 in) in diameter.
1186:), to be carried on a Falco or similar UAV. The MALP has large cruciform tailfins, small cruciform nosefins, and "switchblade" wings stowed back along the fuselage that pop out straight when the UAV is released. It is intended to carry imaging or other sensors to probe dangerous targets.
1158:, but its glide ratio of 11:1 would allow it to stay in the air for a half-hour if released from typical Predator operational altitudes. It would be used for close-up examination of targets spotted by SAR to ensure that they are valid targets, or for post-strike target damage assessment.
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is of more conventional configuration than the Dragon Eye, roughly comparable to the AeroVironment
Pointer, with long sailplane wings and a tail-mounted propeller. Details are unclear, but it has been used in NRL experiments to develop anti-sniper sensors for base security applications.
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is a remote sensing platform for 3D photogrammetric purposes. The
Interspect UAS B 1.1 octocopter first flew on 10 April 2011. The prototype had one DSLR camera and limited capability. The third variant able to fly 12 min with 3 kg loading. Interspect UAS B 3.1 have a removable 3D
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was 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) long, and was fired out of the launch tube with a solid-rocket booster. It then deployed wings, tail, and propeller, and cruised for up to two hours on electric power at a speed of 185 km/h (100 knots). It could carry a small daylight or infrared camera.
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conducted a workshop titled "Future
Technology-Driven Revolutions In Military Operations". One of the topics in the workshop was "mobile microrobots". The idea of using very small "microdrones" was discussed, and after initial skepticism the idea started to gain momentum.
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has been interested in developing MAVs that could be deployed as munitions, fired from artillery or unguided rocket launcher pods. A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed a prototype artillery-launched UAV. The UAV, named the
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High wing electric powered, 1.4m wingspan the Voyager is a conventional pusher airframe with a maximum AUW of 3.5 kg with a wide CG range useful for different payload configurations. The Manta, 1.2m wingspan flying wing is used for vertical NVIR imaging.
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SUAVs have been given various definitions among national regulation authorities, often without including size precisions and differing about weight measurement specifications. Those definitions range from less than 2 kg for Canada to less than 25 kg
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This phase-one DARPA study ended in 2001, and was followed by a phase-two study that focused on particular vendors with an intent to develop MAVs closer to operational specification. A number of different MAVs were developed as part of these DARPA efforts:
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The Finder has been evaluated as a payload for the Predator UAV, with one Finder carried under each wing, acting as a parasite UAV like the Raytheon SilentEyes. Initial flight tests of the Finder with the Predator were performed in the summer of 2002.
776:) Program on a quick-reaction contract issued late in the winter of 2002, with the first system delivered in the early summer. It was designed quickly because it leveraged heavily off of technology and design studies developed for the MicroStar MAVs.
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In the spring of 2003, AeroVironment performed the first flight of the Hornet, which is similar to the Wasp but has a straight rectangular wing with a slightly greater span of 38 centimeters (15 in) and, more significantly, is powered by
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Corporation released a paper on the microdrone concept in 1994 that was widely circulated (Reference 12). DARPA conducted a series of "paper studies" and workshops on the concept in 1995 and 1996, leading to early engineering studies by the
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Encouraged by such successes, AeroVironment is also working on a newer version of the Pointer, named the "Puma", with greater endurance and payload. In addition, they have disclosed that they are in late development of a small lethal UAV.
1514:. It was a fixed-wing, propeller-driven aircraft 25 centimeters (9.8 in) long and was powered by miniature fuel cells that gave it an endurance of about 20 minutes. It was built by the French defense aerospace research agency
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series of prototypes. The battery-operated MicroSTAR designs resembled kid's toys. An initial design had a fat teardrop body with stubby cropped-delta wings running along most of the body, along with a single vertical tailplane and a
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Raytheon was aiming for a target price of about US$ 5,000 to $ 10,000. The company was considering a powered version of SilentEyes with a microjet engine, as well as "stretched" versions of the UAV. The SilentEyes has been cancelled.
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small UAVs for testing in the service's "Military Operations In Urban Terrain" and was enthusiastic about the usefulness of the Pointer. It is too large to be conveniently carried by soldiers and is normally hauled around in a
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coordinates back to the warship or artillery battery that fired it. At least two WASP prototypes were built and tested. After initial announcements of the effort, the whole thing went quiet, but it remains a possibility.
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competitions sometimes shown on television, and yearly competitive events have been conducted. These home-built MAVs necessarily show ingenuity rather than sophistication, but offer hope for an idea that will catch on.
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The WASP drone had a flight endurance of fifteen minutes, including ten minutes of powered flight and five minutes of glide. It had a tiny camera in its lower fuselage, and relayed both imagery and its own current
584:, though this may be the same as the BirdEye 100. Malat has been promoting the BirdEye 500 for both military and civilian uses, with civilian uses including urban security, crime-fighting, and traffic observation.
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Avian UAS is a complete unmanned aircraft system customized for various kind of missions depending on the installed payloads, such as real time surveillance, reconnaissance, aerial mapping, aerial photography and
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establishment, particularly the NRL, are very intrigued by fuel cells, and so DARPA is hedging its bets. Ultimately, AeroVironment engineers want to fit their MAVs with an autopilot and a color video camera.
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for payload and so on, and a central pod with tractor and puller propellers. It has a weight of 7.5 kilograms (17 pounds), a span of 1.4 meters (4 feet 7 inches), and an endurance of an hour.
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B. Desert Hawk did make the short-list for the recent Netherlands Army Mini-UAV program, but ultimately lost to the RQ-11B Raven B. The only military forces still using Desert Hawk are the UK Army.
533:-shaped flying wing with wingtip fins and a pusher propeller. Size, performance, and payload details of the Seagull are similar to those of the Skylark, but the endurance is stretched to six hours.
1494:. The fuel cells are built into the top of the wing, where they combine oxygen in the ambient air with hydrogen produced internally by the MAV through reaction of a hydride material with water.
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a cruciform pop-out tail. It has a launch weight of 6 kilograms (13 pounds). It was originally named "Skylark" but Rafael decided to change the name to avoid confusion with the Elbit Skylark.
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The notion of bird-sized or even insect-sized MAVs has not disappeared, but is seen as a project for a future generation. MAVs have attracted a hobbyist and amateur community, similar to the
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MIT/DRAPER Technology Development Partnership Program : systems, aerodeceleration, and structural design of a high-G, rapid response, deployable autonomous aerial surveillance vehicle
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vehicle or the like, and so the Army asked AeroVironment to develop a smaller version. AeroVironment developed a half-sized control system and a cut-down version of the Pointer called the
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The Army had also worked on a UAV that could be launched out of a 70 millimeters (2.8 in) unguided rocket pod mounted on a helicopter and could also be carried by larger UAVs. This
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1279:. The MicroSTAR featured a five-gram navigation system that could be given directions by the ground station, but could also automatically keep on a heading or orbit a target.
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1427:. Design of such a small aircraft was constrained by the fact that at such scales, the air becomes a highly viscous medium, or in aerodynamic terms a mesicopter had a low
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airflow by piezoelectric actuators for flight control. It was powered by electric motors or a tiny, highly efficient multi-fuel engine developed by a company named D-STAR.
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are launched by hand and land independently on the ground. The systems use electric engine and a pushing propeller on the back part of the aircraft. The wing is made of
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Shadow drone but can be purchased for less than US$ 2,000. Several options are available. In 2018, the Albatross UAV was shown at the signing of a partnership between
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vehicle is all-weather capable, with an industrial temperature range and has a top speed of 65 km/h. It is able to withstand windgusts up to 90 km/h. The
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Miniature UAVs range from micro air vehicles (MAVs) that can be carried by an infantryman, to man-portable UAVs that can be carried and launched like an infantry
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cameras, has an endurance of about an hour. It flies mostly under autonomous control, with the "pilot" keeping track of what's going on with a laptop computer.
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was in late 2000. The SLADF could be fitted with an optional wing to provide useful lift to increase loiter time, and also provided additional fuel storage.
887:), with a weight of 26 kilograms (57 pounds), can carry a small imager, or an atmospheric sampling sensor to check for radiological / chemical / biological
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German manufacturer EMT has produced the Aladin Mini-UAV for German forces. It has a range of more than 15 km and an endurance of 30–60 minutes.
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of China is working on their own hand-launched man-portable UAV, the "ASN-15", with an endurance of an hour and a payload of 6.5 kilograms (14 pounds).
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1395:("jet") engine developed by Al Epstein at MIT during the 1990s. Silicon was actually a good structural material at such scales, though increasing
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and over 1000 aircraft were built before the Marines switched over to the RQ-11B Raven B for the remainder of the Dragon Eye production contract.
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troublesome. Lithium batteries were marginal. New compact fuel cells were in development but weren't expected to be available for several years.
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Bayraktar Bayraktar Mini UAV is a hand-launched, portable UAV system, designed to operate under harsh geographic and meteorological conditions.
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The studies demonstrated that the concept was feasible. In 1997, DARPA then began a multi-year, US$ 35 million development program to develop "
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RAND Documented Briefing DB-110-ARPA Richard O. Hundley and E. C. Gritton, Future Technology-Driven Revolutions in Military Operations
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has user swappable payloads and can be equipped with a variety of EO, IR and/or thermal imagers. Flight endurance is around 1hr.
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1894:"ShadowView using UAV for wildlife monitoring, conservation and anti poaching operations in the Greater Kruger National Park"
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652:), in different climate conditions (humidity, dry air), with the temperature range from −25 °C to +60 °C.
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1352:) ducted-fan micro-helicopter, built by Micro Craft of San Diego, California, and Ontario, Canada. The SLADF was a
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202:. The term is usually applied to those used for military purposes. Military miniature UAVs are generally used for
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There is a great deal of activity in the small UAV field, with a number of systems acquired and used in combat.
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603:, the French manufacturer, has developed man-portable (92 cm wingspan) lightweight (1,25 kg) line of
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photogrammetry camera with humidity meter and other instruments. The octocopter's diameter is 1165 mm.
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which enable the aircraft to fly with the range of 5 km and a flight endurance from 30 to 45 minutes.
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are designed for civil applications (civil reconnaissance, civil security, mapping, survey and monitoring,
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The notion that small, even very small, UAVs might have practical uses arose in the early 1990s. In 1992,
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UAV designed for aerial reconnaissance by users with minimal training. About 1 kg heavier than the
854:(NRL) has developed a man-portable UAV of roughly the same size as the AeroVironment Raven, named the
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1098:), no relation to the AeroVironment Wasp, is fired out of a 127 millimeters (5.0 in) naval gun.
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prospective for the 2020 Air Traffic Management rules also proposed less than 25 kg, while UK's
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for professional use launched in 2010. It was designed to take oblique still images and HD videos.
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Raytheon called SilentEyes a "parasite" UAV, as it would be dispensed from a larger UAV such as a
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627:, photography in general etc.) and can make still aerial images and full HD or real-time videos.
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The Skate SUAS was put into service with Army and Air Force units in Afghanistan in March 2013.
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Galileo Avionica of Italy is currently working on their own "parasite" UAV, called simply the
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However, in 2007, the US Air Force FPASS office switched all of their UAV systems over to the
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One particularly intriguing option for both propulsion and power was a button-sized silicon
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on a variety of humanitarian, anti poaching, precision agriculture and security operations.
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The French have done work along similar lines, with the French defence procurement agency (
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touchscreen tablet which enables user to set up flight parameters and prepare the mission.
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Civil Drone OnyxStar FOX-C8-XT Observer with HD optical zoom 30x and Infrared camera in one
90:
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2197:
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Results of a Workshop, RAND Documented Briefing DB-110-ARPA (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994)
2055:
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1642:
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of Brussels, and is primarily intended to be a testbed for miniature sensor technologies.
1428:
1155:
761:
747:
440:
686:
done for professional use. It was launched in 2009 for live day and night aerial survey.
1448:. However, neither vehicle seemed particularly promising and the program was cut short.
260:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Details of the wing-store UAV are unclear, but it may have had some resemblance to the
959:
813:
675:
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377:
2091:
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1993:
1648:"Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration(SUAV ACTD)"
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worked on an even more extreme design in the form of a centimeter-wide four-rotor
1101:
1077:
2020:"A Reciprocating Chemical Muscle (RCM) for Micro Air Vehicle "Entomopter" Flight"
1250:
whose size enables them to be used in low altitude, close-in support operations.
678:(mostly construction and geodesy companies as well as scientific organisations).
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1238:. A downed pilot could use it to keep track of enemy search parties, or as
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AeroVironment has also worked on follow-ons to its Black Widow, named the
156:
2421:
2078:
This article contains material that originally came from the web article
1136:
980:
1961:
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972:
1933:"UAVER - Manufacturer of UAV/UAS, Flight Simulator, Agential Products"
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827:, it is suitable for backpack deployment and single-person operation.
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of Israel introduced two electrically powered man-portable UAVs, the
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1755:. No. 2232. 17 September 2010. pp. 23–24. Archived from
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using microcircuit fabrication techniques. The work was funded by
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intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
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As extreme as MAV specifications were, a team under Ilan Kroo at
724:
All Lehmann Aviation drones are compatible with Lehmann Aviation
1424:
1407:
specified that the payload would be no more than 15 grams.
1208:
820:
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Malat has also introduced their own small UAV line, designated
702:
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26:
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in its French acronym) sponsoring a flight demonstrator, the
1154:. The baseline version of the SilentEyes would be strictly a
454:
Government. It has since been used extensively in Australia.
1166:"telephone number" to minimize confusion in communications.
1373:
first Black Widow prototype was a flat disk with a single
871:
The NRL has also built at least two other small UAVs. The
191:
small enough to be man-portable. Smallest UAVs are called
1956:(Thesis thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1843:
1462:
The OAV was to be carried, launched, and recovered on a
529:
The Seagull is much less conventional, in the form of a
746:
US forces are also using another mini-UAV in Iraq, the
427:
has a folding design that makes it quickly deployable.
212:
unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle
129:
Unmanned aerial vehicle small enough to be man-portable
1865:
Vol. 169 No. 16, 27 October 2008, "High Flight", p. 26
885:
Flight Inserted Detector Expandable for Reconnaissance
648:
were designed to fly with up to 45 km/h wind (25
619:(2010) – with a common Ground Control System. All the
1311:
Other research groups also worked on ornithopters. A
338:
Portable flight terminal of Baykar Bayraktar Mini UAV
637:. The UAS have an advanced navigation system and an
2369:
2312:
2296:
2260:
2218:
2183:
2176:
2133:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2088:by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.
1284:CIT, AeroVironment and UCLA "MicroBat" ornithopter
489:organization is developing a small UAV named the
318:(no relationship to the Flight Refueling Raven).
256:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
1636:"SUAV Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration"
1341:Micro Craft "SLADF" ducted fan micro-helicopter
1328:Lutronix Corporation "Kolibri" micro-helicopter
303:In 1999, the US Army bought four AeroVironment
1319:and also did research on a chemically powered
580:. Sources also mention a Malat micro-UAV, the
2107:
1566:for actuating flapping wing MAVs such as the
774:Force Protection Airborne Surveillance System
572:, which includes the 5 kilograms (11 pounds)
8:
2163:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications
1827:"Royal Artillery to take UAV to Afghanistan"
1542:Research in 2005 included a model utilizing
1399:would have dictated use of silicon carbide.
910:has built a man-portable UAV also named the
2283:Remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV)
943:ShadowView "Shadow Ranger" and "Eco Ranger"
2180:
2114:
2100:
2092:
1123:"Wing-store UAV" and Raytheon "SilentEyes"
670:) and HD vertical images for the needs of
1723:"В геодезии всегда есть место инновациям"
1444:with their own ducted-fan vehicle, named
1190:Experimental and technology demonstrators
1150:; a gliding submunitions dispenser; or a
214:used for medium to long range missions.
210:) at short range compared to the larger
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1246:units. MAVs are a class of man-portable
840:NRL "Dragon Eye", "Swallow" and "Finder"
290:
155:
133:
1628:
1365:AeroVironment "Black Widow" flying-wing
1105:CAD representation of the WASP II Flyer
924:Russian UAV ZALA 421-08 and ZALA 421-12
662:for professional use launched in 2007.
360:Interspect UAS B 3.1 Flying Laboratory
1749:"L'espoir des petits drones français"
1304:University of California, Los Angeles
1218:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1863:Aviation Week & Space Technology
55:adding citations to reliable sources
2273:Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)
864:-based waypoint navigation system.
559:IAI Malat "BirdEye"s and "Mosquito"
493:, which features a wide-span wing,
431:Applied Aeronautics "Albatross UAV"
281:AeroVironment "Pointer" and "Raven"
2146:Unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV)
2000:from the original on 6 August 2023
1650:. 25 February 2012. Archived from
1562:, etc. Some also consider using a
1315:group built a rubber-band powered
1296:California Institute of Technology
1081:Original WASP flyer and projectile
697:In 2012 Lehmann Aviation launched
406:builds on the capabilities of the
25:
2268:Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)
1853:MAVinci – Unmanned Aerial Systems
1455:in 2004, with DARPA specifying a
1092:Wide Area Surveillance Projectile
1036:YellowPlane "Voyager" and "Manta"
458:Aurora Flight Sciences Skate SUAS
352:Interspect UAS B 3.1 "Flying Lab"
1683:"SESAR-reviewed SUAS definition"
1645:U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center
760:The Desert Hawk was designed by
242:
31:
2241:Automatic train operation (ATO)
2024:Georgia Tech Research Institute
1470:Black Widow "Wasp" and "Hornet"
1346:Small Lift Augmented Ducted Fan
1313:Georgia Tech Research Institute
1011:is a Miniature UAV produced by
701:of fully automatic micro civil
666:was designed for orthomosaics (
576:and the 500 grams (1.1 pounds)
502:Elbit "Skylark I" and "Seagull"
200:man-portable air-defense system
42:needs additional citations for
2304:Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)
2231:Automated guided vehicle (AGV)
1908:"Malazgirt Mini VTOL | BAYKAR"
1378:like a hobbyist's RC airplane.
1180:Miniature Air Launched Payload
1068:Gun-launched and parasite UAVs
439:looks a bit like the military
1:
2226:Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV)
2141:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
1829:. 9 June 2006. Archived from
1564:Reciprocating Chemical Muscle
1321:Reciprocating Chemical Muscle
1161:The little UAV could carry a
736:Lockheed Martin "Desert Hawk"
230:stated less than 20 kg.
1440:larger machine were needed.
1263:Lockheed Sanders "Microstar"
1222:US Naval Research Laboratory
995:Turkish "Malazgirt Mini UAV"
852:US Naval Research Laboratory
823:miniature UAV. Developed by
1950:Hallam, Cory R. A. (1997).
1797:"Unmanned Aircraft Systems"
742:Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk
381:Aeryon Scout micro VTOL UAV
2510:
2494:Unmanned military aircraft
1666:"2015 FAA SUAS Regulation"
843:
790:
739:
596:Lehmann Aviation LM450 UAS
540:
505:
341:
284:
2460:
1729:(154): 68–69. August 2012
1059:for civilian photomapping
344:Baykar Bayraktar Mini UAV
330:Baykar Bayraktar Mini UAV
299:in preparation for launch
2278:Intervention AUV (I-AUV)
2083:Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
1641:25 February 2012 at the
1298:(Caltech), working with
816:", a wasp species) is a
2347:spaceflights to the ISS
1849:18 January 2012 at the
1844:"http://www.mavinci.eu"
1709:"CAA's SUAS definition"
1617:Unmanned aerial vehicle
1526:strictly experimental.
802:Honeywell RQ-16A T-Hawk
668:Digital Elevation Model
631:Lehmann Aviation drones
625:digital elevation model
588:Lehmann Aviation drones
398:Aeryon Labs "SkyRanger"
189:unmanned aerial vehicle
2447:Remote control vehicle
2442:Radio-controlled model
1520:Royal Military Academy
1106:
1082:
1060:
1004:
952:
810:Honeywell RQ-16 T-Hawk
805:
793:Honeywell RQ-16 T-Hawk
787:Honeywell RQ-16 T-Hawk
688:Lehmann Aviation LM450
680:Lehmann Aviation LV580
656:Lehmann Aviation LP960
635:expanded polypropylene
597:
552:
512:In the spring of 2003
410:and is a man-packable
382:
361:
339:
300:
295:A soldier assembles a
168:
153:
145:
2452:Remote control animal
1560:Wageningen University
1411:Stanford "Mesicopter"
1397:operating temperature
1266:The Lockheed Sanders
1240:airborne radio relays
1104:
1080:
1055:
1002:
951:ShadowView Eco Ranger
950:
800:
726:OperationCenter v2.00
595:
550:
380:
359:
337:
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220:for the United States
159:
151:
137:
2437:Autonomous logistics
2054:4 April 2001 at the
1759:on 17 September 2012
1654:on 25 February 2012.
1214:Lincoln Laboratories
1195:MAVs and mesicopters
831:MAVinci "SIRIUS UAS"
601:Lehmann Aviation Ltd
418:at 2.5 kg, the
366:Interspect UAS B 3.1
51:improve this article
2320:Uncrewed spacecraft
1990:"Micro Air Vehicle"
1785:on 29 October 2007.
1689:on 31 December 2016
1572:Robert C. Michelson
1530:Future smaller MAVs
1518:, working with the
1417:Stanford University
1375:vertical stabilizer
1045:Trigger Composites
373:Aeryon Labs "Scout"
143:Turkish Land Forces
1580:Research Institute
1451:It was revived as
1368:The AeroVironment
1323:propulsion system.
1232:micro air vehicles
1107:
1083:
1061:
1009:Malazgirt Mini UAV
1005:
953:
806:
732:operating system.
598:
553:
389:is a man-packable
383:
362:
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169:
154:
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139:Bayraktar Mini UAV
2481:
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2473:Unmanned vehicles
2288:Underwater glider
2256:
2255:
2127:uncrewed vehicles
1833:on 6 August 2009.
1602:Micro air vehicle
1383:Subsystems design
1244:search and rescue
1226:Washington, D.C.c
1023:UAVER "Avian UAS"
644:Lehmann Aviation
275:
274:
234:Man-portable UAVs
193:micro air vehicle
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
2501:
2432:Autonomous robot
2427:Robot locomotion
2342:Cargo spacecraft
2335:list of orbiters
2236:Self-driving car
2181:
2116:
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2040:
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2026:. Archived from
2016:
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1803:. Archived from
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1781:. Archived from
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1753:Air & Cosmos
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1685:. Archived from
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1502:French "Mirador"
1482:. The Wasp is a
1273:pusher propeller
899:Rafael "SkyLite"
857:RQ-14 Dragon Eye
717:. The work with
425:Aeryon SkyRanger
420:Aeryon SkyRanger
404:Aeryon SkyRanger
270:
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254:factual accuracy
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2330:list by program
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2056:Wayback Machine
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748:Lockheed Martin
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66:"Miniature UAV"
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2049:Kevin D. Jones
2041:
2030:on 4 July 2007
2011:
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1807:on 7 June 2008
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1254:Phase-two MAVs
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1248:miniature UAVs
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1174:Italian "MALP"
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1152:cruise missile
1129:wing-store UAV
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960:United Kingdom
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844:Main article:
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814:Tarantula hawk
791:Main article:
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728:working under
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481:EADS "Tracker"
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18:Miniature UAVs
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2407:BEAM robotics
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68: –
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62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2417:Nanorobotics
2402:Agricultural
2087:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2044:
2034:16 September
2032:. Retrieved
2028:the original
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1984:
1970:
1962:1721.1/50470
1952:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1911:
1902:
1888:
1880:nationalpost
1879:
1870:
1858:
1839:
1831:the original
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:the original
1800:
1791:
1783:the original
1773:
1763:11 September
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1752:
1743:
1733:11 September
1731:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:the original
1677:
1660:
1652:the original
1631:
1576:Georgia Tech
1541:
1536:robot combat
1533:
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1393:microturbine
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1236:survival kit
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537:EMT "Aladin"
528:
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434:
416:Aeryon Scout
408:Aeryon Scout
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387:Aeryon Scout
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73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2412:Microbotics
2168:Ornithopter
1727:Точка Опоры
1592:Bird flight
1484:flying wing
1370:Black Widow
1292:ornithopter
936:ZALA 421-12
929:ZALA 421-08
781:RQ-11 Raven
766:Skunk Works
751:Desert Hawk
578:BirdEye 100
574:BirdEye 500
315:RQ-11 Raven
297:RQ-11 Raven
287:RQ-11 Raven
266:August 2012
166:German Army
107:August 2023
2464:Categories
2397:Disability
2261:Underwater
1693:23 January
1623:References
1607:Quadcopter
1568:Entomopter
1492:fuel cells
1421:mesicopter
1357:helicopter
1354:ducted fan
1317:entomopter
1140:SilentEyes
1073:MIT "WASP"
1057:Pteryx UAV
1047:Pteryx UAV
956:ShadowView
846:Dragon Eye
818:ducted fan
699:L-A series
551:EMT Aladin
543:EMT Aladin
495:twin booms
452:Queensland
412:quadcopter
391:quadcopter
162:EMT Aladin
77:newspapers
1294:from the
1277:propeller
1268:MicroSTAR
1224:(NRL) in
1030:et cetera
977:Australia
825:Honeywell
770:Air Force
730:Windows 8
719:Windows 8
639:autopilot
531:boomerang
485:European
437:Albatross
177:small UAV
2488:Category
2422:Robotics
2382:Military
2377:Domestic
2193:Humanoid
2052:Archived
2004:6 August
1998:Archived
1976:"Ancile"
1847:Archived
1639:Archived
1586:See also
1478:and the
1302:and the
1289:MicroBat
1148:Predator
1137:Raytheon
1015:company
981:Thailand
768:for the
615:(2009),
611:(2007),
582:Mosquito
522:and the
450:and the
445:Boeing's
2392:Medical
2297:Surface
2203:Hexapod
2198:Android
2185:Walking
2158:Helicam
2153:Aerobot
1612:RoboBee
1556:TUDelft
1512:Mirador
1333:Kolibri
1216:at the
1087:US Army
1013:Turkish
973:Namibia
913:SkyLite
873:Swallow
772:FPASS (
569:BirdEye
524:Seagull
519:Skylark
491:Tracker
305:Pointer
222:. EU's
164:of the
141:of the
91:scholar
2387:Rescue
2177:Ground
2134:Aerial
1811:8 June
1779:"News"
1552:DelFly
1480:Hornet
1464:Humvee
1457:diesel
1163:gimbal
1156:glider
1017:Baykar
989:Europe
969:Malawi
908:Israel
904:Rafael
881:Finder
812:(for "
705:: The
672:public
448:Insitu
187:is an
183:), or
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2370:Other
2313:Space
2219:Other
1917:4 May
1669:(PDF)
1516:ONERA
1453:OAV-2
1446:iSTAR
1350:SLADF
1201:DARPA
985:India
715:LA300
711:LA200
707:LA100
690:is a
664:LP960
658:is a
617:LM450
613:LV580
609:LP960
514:Elbit
475:CATIC
224:SESAR
208:ISTAR
185:drone
98:JSTOR
84:books
2359:list
2246:list
2208:list
2125:and
2036:2007
2006:2023
1919:2016
1813:2008
1765:2012
1735:2012
1695:2016
1558:and
1476:Wasp
1425:NASA
1344:The
1331:The
1287:The
1209:RAND
1207:The
1184:MALP
1096:WASP
1085:The
1007:The
987:and
879:The
850:The
821:VTOL
808:The
713:and
703:UAVs
674:and
646:UAVs
621:UAVs
605:UAVs
487:EADS
441:RQ-7
435:The
402:The
385:The
364:The
181:SUAV
70:news
1958:hdl
1574:of
1554:at
1548:NPS
1546:at
1508:DGA
1242:to
1116:GPS
906:of
862:INS
764:'s
755:CCD
692:UAV
684:UAV
682:is
660:UAV
564:IAI
228:CAA
160:An
53:by
2490::
2022:.
1996:.
1992:.
1935:.
1910:.
1878:.
1799:.
1751:.
1725:.
1582:.
1550:,
1019:.
983:,
979:,
975:,
971:,
967:,
958:a
709:,
650:kn
607::
195:.
175:,
171:A
2115:e
2108:t
2101:v
2038:.
2008:.
1978:.
1964:.
1960::
1939:.
1921:.
1896:.
1882:.
1815:.
1767:.
1737:.
1711:.
1697:.
1671:.
1348:(
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268:)
264:(
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206:(
179:(
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114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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