33:
479:
Early rabbinic Bible exegesis was preserved in tannaitic texts compiled in the second century CE or later, but is likely to contain much earlier material. It certainly contains some interpretations that can be traced back explicitly to the first century CE because of parallels with motifs found in
526:
was redacted between roughly 70 CE to 250 CE. Research has demonstrated that Hebrew was spoken in Israel until about 200 CE, and it is generally agreed that tannaitic literature reflects the language and speech used in various regions of Israel during that time period.
359:
Some
Tannaim worked as laborers (e.g., charcoal burners, cobblers) in addition to their positions as teachers and legislators. They were also leaders of the people and negotiators with the
869:
The rabbis educated at Yavneh would be links in the great unbroken chain of teachers of the Torah. Yohanan and those who followed him were called tannaim, meaning "repeaters" or "teachers.
609:
for a short while and it eventually reverted to the descendants of Hillel. Prior to Rabban
Gamliel Hazaken, no titles were used before someone's name, which gave rise to the
379:
207:
271:, from approximately 10–220 CE. The period of the Tannaim, also referred to as the Mishnaic period, lasted about 210 years. It came after the period of the
522:
Texts were written in MH between roughly 70 CE and 500 CE. Tannaitic literature, which includes the
Mishnah, the Tosefta, the halachic midrashim, and
459:, are said to be direct transmitters of an oral tradition passed from teacher to student that was written and codified as the basis for the Mishnah,
1693:
1013:
975:
945:
862:
2596:
621:
is a person's own name"). This is seen as the reason that Hillel has no title before his name: his name in itself is his title, just as
1084:
992:
was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea.
901:
200:
116:
893:
1135:
321:
The
Mishnaic period is commonly divided into five periods according to generations. There are approximately 120 known Tannaim.
54:
436:, the last generation of the Zugot, there were few disagreements among Rabbinic scholars. After this period, though, the
1438:
1120:
437:
193:
1166:
97:
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69:
1686:
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493:
43:
1408:
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became increasingly corrupt and were seen by the Jews as collaborators with the Romans, whose mismanagement of
76:
50:
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809:
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1479:
730:
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a name to denote significance or to differentiate between two people with the same name. Examples include
586:
371:
83:
2430:
2388:
1679:
1529:
1077:
767:
755:
1398:
854:
Torah and
Commentary: The Five Books of Moses : Translation, Rabbinic and Contemporary Commentary
374:
372:
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65:
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375:
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2121:
2012:
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1600:
1494:
1448:
1443:
1423:
1373:
1348:
1171:
1161:
1130:
952:... both in Palestine and in Babylonia, were called amoraim, meaning "speakers" or "interpreters"
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578:
341:
373:
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2128:
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1544:
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1206:
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858:
775:
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724:
523:
345:
264:
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1383:
1313:
1221:
1031:, vol 4, CHAPTER 15, "MISHNAIC HEBREW: AN INTRODUCTORY SURVEY," MOSHE BAR-ASHER, p. 369
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692:
325:
2585:
2544:
1635:
1580:
1318:
1201:
1181:
406:
337:
90:
129:
Rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the
Mishnah, from approximately 10-220 CE
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797:
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805:
735:
716:
704:
444:, and disagreements between the two schools of thought are found throughout the
32:
17:
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1585:
1504:
1056:
771:
307:
937:
Understanding Jewish
History: From the patriarchs to the expulsion from Spain
471:
were the last generation in a long sequence of oral teachers that began with
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1413:
831:
590:
554:
353:
333:
181:
803:
Sixth
Generation, an interim generation between the Mishnah and the Gemara:
577:
was limited to the descendants of Hillel, the sole exception being Rabban
1993:
1156:
826:
570:
514:
and
Babylonia wrote is referred to as Mishnaic Hebrew (MH), or in Hebrew
481:
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164:
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1403:
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1115:
626:
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159:
610:
511:
488:, such as the legend of the extraordinary beauty of Moses as a child.
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144:
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have no titles before their names. (An addition is sometimes given
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779:
720:
622:
485:
472:
422:
401:
272:
261:
149:
1675:
1066:
673:
The
Mishnaic period is commonly divided into five generations:
641:(Moses our teacher). Similarly, Hillel is often referred to as
370:
349:
26:
697:
Second Generation between the destruction of the Temple and
585:, who safeguarded the future of the Jewish people after the
348:. Other places of learning were founded by his students in
1062:
275:"Pairs" and was immediately followed by the period of the
553:) was the highest-ranking member and presided over the
425:
proper) led to riots, revolts and general resentment.
922:)—authorities cited in the Mishna and coëval writings.
661:, but instead, Judah haNasi is given the lofty title
653:), often referred to simply as "Rabbi", not even the
1573:
1472:
1296:
1230:
1149:
1100:
318:means "to repeat " and is used to mean "to learn".
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1059:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
336:, but after the destruction of the city and the
778:(who, according to traditional lore, wrote the
605:, perhaps because he only held the position of
477:
440:came to represent two distinct perspectives on
677:First Generation before and shortly after the
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1078:
201:
8:
301:
246:
857:. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 523.
1694:
1680:
1672:
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1071:
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1008:. Princeton University Press. p. 63.
796:Fifth Generation: the generation of Rabbi
715:, the teachers of Rabbi Akiva, as well as
324:The Tannaim lived in several areas of the
208:
194:
133:
970:. Harvard University Press. p. 246.
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
645:(Hillel the elder). Starting with Rabbi
843:
467:. According to rabbinic tradition, the
136:
964:Malamat, A.; Ben-Sasson, H.H. (1976).
940:. KTAV Publishing House. p. 116.
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581:, the leader in Jerusalem during the
510:The language in which the Tannaim of
395:operated under the occupation of the
251:
237:
7:
288:
55:adding citations to reliable sources
765:Fourth Generation after the revolt:
302:
292:) is the Aramaic equivalent of the
247:
234:
242:"repeaters", "teachers", singular
25:
1052:Chabad biographies of the Tannaim
463:, and tannaitic teachings of the
1029:The Cambridge History of Judaism
894:University of Pennsylvania Press
573:(Gamaliel the Elder). The title
267:whose views are recorded in the
31:
1136:Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
344:and his students founded a new
42:needs additional citations for
1004:Goodman, Martin David (2018).
967:A History of the Jewish People
1:
890:Jewish Magic and Superstition
1439:Eleazar ben Judah of Bartota
1121:Houses of Hillel and Shammai
438:Houses of Hillel and Shammai
2597:Rabbis by rabbinical period
1167:Ishmael ben Elisha ha-Kohen
800:, who compiled the Mishnah.
617:" ("Greater than the title
2618:
1709:: chronology and hierarchy
886:"Glossary of Hebrew Terms"
601:, was not given the title
565:, and it was given to the
520:the language of the Sages.
328:. The spiritual center of
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1936:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1746:
1744:
1731:
1729:
1714:
1409:Haninah ben Ahi R. Joshua
934:Scharfstein, Sol (1996).
851:Scharfstein, Sol (2008).
762:(the "Other" or apostate)
679:Destruction of the Temple
637:(Abraham our father) and
729:Third Generation around
561:was a higher title than
399:. During this time, the
1192:Hanina Segan ha-Kohanim
810:Shimon ben Judah HaNasi
506:Language of the Mishnah
1581:Judah haNasi (Judah I)
1480:Simeon ben Gamaliel II
1162:Shimon ben Gamliel (I)
503:
2389:Shimon ben Gamliel II
2143:Yehoshua ben Hananiah
1157:Gamaliel I, the Elder
756:Nathan the Babylonian
665:("Our holy rabbi ").
569:starting with Rabban
455:, as teachers of the
306:), which also is the
2136:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
1651:Yadua the Babylonian
1616:Symmachus ben Joseph
1565:Eliezer ben Jacob II
1369:Hanina ben Antigonus
1344:Eleazar ben Perata I
1339:Haninah ben Teradion
1278:Akabia ben Mahalalel
1248:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
1197:Abba Saul ben Batnit
1006:A History of Judaism
882:Trachtenberg, Joshua
713:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
681:(c. 40 BCE – 80 CE):
498:A History of Judaism
494:Martin David Goodman
51:improve this article
1560:Hananiah ben Akavia
1520:Eleazar ben Shammua
1459:Abba Jose ben Hanan
1454:Simeon the Yemenite
1324:Eleazar ben Azariah
1258:Nehunya ben HaKanah
1243:Joshua ben Hananiah
1217:Eliezer ben Jacob I
1177:Jonathan ben Uzziel
1101:Last Generation of
1046:Jewish Encyclopedia
748:Eleazar ben Azariah
731:Bar Kochba's revolt
709:Joshua ben Hananiah
699:Bar Kokhba's revolt
657:is given the title
615:Gadol miRabban shmo
595:Eleazar ben Azariah
2424:Elazar ben Shammua
2261:Ishmael ben Elisha
2157:Elazar ben Azariah
2122:Shimon ben Gamliel
2013:Yohanan ben Zakkai
1661:Abba Kohen Bardela
1646:Simeon ben Menasya
1606:Simeon ben Eleazar
1601:Eleazar ben Simeon
1495:Shimon ben Halafta
1449:Hanan the Egyptian
1444:Matteya ben Heresh
1424:Jeshbab the Scribe
1399:Eleazar of Modi'im
1374:Hanina ben Hakinai
1349:Johanan ben Baroka
1172:Yohanan ben Zakkai
768:Shimon ben Gamliel
744:Ishmael ben Elisha
689:Shimon ben Gamliel
685:Yohanan ben Zakkai
579:Yochanan ben Zakai
428:Until the days of
342:Yohanan ben Zakkai
239:[tannɔʔim]
2579:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2417:Shimon bar Yochai
2243:Elisha ben Abuyah
2236:Gamaliel of Yavne
2129:Yose the Galilean
1929:Simeon ben Hillel
1669:
1668:
1611:Eleazar ha-Kappar
1545:Johanan HaSandlar
1515:Shimon bar Yochai
1473:Fourth Generation
1434:Johanan ben Torta
1389:Elisha ben Abuyah
1379:Yochanan ben Nuri
1329:Jose the Galilean
1253:Eleazar ben Arach
1231:Second Generation
1212:Judah ben Bathyra
1207:Dosa ben Harkinas
1141:Simeon ben Hillel
1015:978-0-691-18127-1
977:978-0-674-39731-6
947:978-0-88125-545-4
864:978-1-60280-020-5
814:Yehoshua ben Levi
776:Shimon bar Yochai
760:Elisha ben Abuyah
752:Jose the Galilean
725:Eleazar ben Arach
707:of Yavneh, Rabbi
663:Rabbeinu HaKadosh
589:by pleading with
524:Seder 'olam Rabba
405:(priests) of the
384:
383:
346:Council of Jamnia
332:at that time was
253:[tanˈnɔː]
218:
217:
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
2609:
2410:Yose ben Halafta
2150:Elazar ben Arach
1717:
1716:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1673:
1596:Ishmael ben Jose
1574:Fifth Generation
1550:Pinchas ben Yair
1535:Joshua ben Karha
1490:Jose ben Halafta
1429:Aquila of Sinope
1359:Simeon ben Azzai
1334:Eliezer ben Jose
1297:Third Generation
1263:Nachum Ish Gamzu
1150:First Generation
1111:Hillel the Elder
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1080:
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1001:
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910:
892:. Philadelphia:
878:
872:
871:
848:
784:Jose ben Halafta
571:Gamaliel Hazaken
501:
480:the writings of
366:
365:
305:
304:
291:
290:
279:"Interpreters".
256:, borrowed from
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1734:Teacher→Student
1710:
1700:
1670:
1665:
1656:Joshua ben Levi
1569:
1468:
1354:Simeon ben Zoma
1292:
1288:Shmuel ha-Katan
1283:Simeon HaPakoli
1226:
1187:Hanina ben Dosa
1145:
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1091:
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1036:
1035:
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1016:
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998:
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978:
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958:
948:
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928:
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906:
904:
896:. p. 333.
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804:
788:Yehuda ben Ilai
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682:
671:
597:, who was also
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411:Iudaea province
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137:Rabbinical eras
130:
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60:
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48:
36:
23:
22:
18:Mishnaic period
15:
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11:
5:
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2592:Mishnah rabbis
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2545:Yehudah haNasi
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40:This article
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1530:Rabbi Nathan
1394:Rabbi Ilai I
1309:Rabbi Tarfon
1268:Abba Hilkiah
1126:Bnei Bathyra
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981:. Retrieved
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907:. Retrieved
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1626:Bar Kappara
1304:Rabbi Akiva
1273:Rabbi Zadok
1238:Gamaliel II
806:Rabbi Hiyya
736:Rabbi Akiva
705:Gamaliel II
669:Generations
649:(Judah the
314:. The verb
260:) were the
2586:Categories
1749:Father→Son
1586:Huna Kamma
1507:(and wife
1505:Rabbi Meir
983:2023-08-18
838:References
772:Rabbi Meir
770:of Yavne,
711:and Rabbi
531:Prominent
518:, meaning
442:Jewish law
77:newspapers
1540:Abba Saul
1414:Abtolemus
1103:Zugot Era
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884:(2004) .
832:Pharisees
591:Vespasian
555:Sanhedrin
354:Bnei Brak
334:Jerusalem
308:root word
282:The root
182:Acharonim
66:"Tannaim"
827:Oral law
821:See also
717:Gamaliel
611:Talmudic
593:. Rabbi
549:(plural
491:—
482:Josephus
457:Oral Law
262:rabbinic
177:Rishonim
165:Savoraim
2403:Yehudah
1894:Shammai
1707:Mishnah
1705:of the
1509:Bruriah
1404:Halafta
1364:Onkelos
1131:Menahem
1116:Shammai
1094:Tannaim
1057:Tannaim
920:Tannaim
909:Oct 21,
703:Rabban
683:Rabban
627:Abraham
613:adage "
551:Nesi'im
533:Tannaim
469:Tannaim
461:Tosefta
453:Tannaim
446:Mishnah
434:Shammai
415:Samaria
402:Kohanim
393:Tannaim
387:History
352:and in
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277:Amoraim
269:Mishnah
258:Aramaic
222:Tannaim
160:Amoraim
155:Tannaim
91:scholar
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539:Titles
512:Israel
500:(2018)
465:Talmud
430:Hillel
419:Idumea
407:Temple
316:shanah
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294:Hebrew
231:Hebrew
172:Geonim
145:Chazal
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2254:Akiva
1202:Admon
988:When
918:(pl.
916:Tanna
780:Zohar
721:Yavne
631:after
623:Moses
583:siege
563:Rabbi
486:Philo
473:Moses
423:Judea
296:root
284:tanna
273:Zugot
265:sages
244:tanna
235:תנאים
150:Zugot
98:JSTOR
84:books
2396:Meir
1010:ISBN
972:ISBN
942:ISBN
911:2022
898:ISBN
859:ISBN
812:and
790:and
758:and
723:and
691:and
655:Nasi
651:Nasi
625:and
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599:Nasi
567:Nasi
546:Nasi
543:The
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432:and
421:and
391:The
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484:or
350:Lod
310:of
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289:תנא
248:תנא
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20:)
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