Mistral-class amphibious assault ship

2105: 1736: 621:, BIP) began during a time where the defence industries were preparing to undergo restructuring and integration. The BIP was intended to be a modular, scalable design that could be made available to the various European Union nations and constructed cooperatively, but political issues relating to employment and repartition of contracts caused the integration of the European nations with naval engineering expertise to fail, and saw the BIP project revert to a solely French concern. 1124: 1326: 1260: 105: 1223: 593:. While the CNOA made air capabilities a priority, it also recommended an increase in the number of vehicles and personnel that could be transported and deployed; the CNOA fixed the aim to project a force comprising four combat companies (1,400 men, 280 vehicles, and 30 helicopters) for ten days, in a 100-kilometre (62 mi)-deep sector; this force should be able to intervene either anywhere within 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) of 5151: 1208: 5186: 1473: 2018:-class ships (and an option for two more) from France for €1.37 billion (€720 million for the 1st ship; €650 million for the second). The first ship was expected to be delivered in late 2014 or early 2015; Russia made an advance payment in early 2011 pursuant to 25 January 2011 memorandum of understanding between the two parties. On 25 January 2011, the final agreement between Russia and France was signed. 1500: 1488: 1995: 5109: 92: 1983:, the first ship would be entirely built and assembled in France from 2013, the second would also be built in France, delivered in 2015, but with a higher proportion of Russian components. Two more would be built in Russia by a DCNS/Russian United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) joint-venture. On 1 November 2010, Russia's USC and France's DCNS and STX France signed an agreement to form a 1031: 5512: 1555: 2209:, South Africa. Compared to the full-sized ship's 21,500 tons displacement and 199 m (653 ft) length with six helicopter landing spots, the 140 would have a displacement of 14,000 tons, 170 m (560 ft) long with five helicopter landing spots. It would be 30 m (98 ft) wide with a range of 6,000 nmi (6,900 mi; 11,000 km) at 15 knots. 786: 1607:-class ships are comparable in comfort levels to passenger cabins aboard contemporary cruise ships. Each of the fifteen officers have an individual cabin. Senior non-commissioned officers share two-man cabins, while junior crew and embarked troops use four- or six-person cabins. Conditions in these accommodation areas are said to be better than in most barracks of the 667:), another on the starboard side, one in the centre of the flight deck, and one forward of the island superstructure. These were later reduced in number and relocated: a main lift towards the aft of the ship was originally located to starboard but then moved to centre, and an auxiliary lift behind the island superstructure. Concept drawings and descriptions created by 932: 878: 1654: 33: 1239: 650: 2228:, along with a crane positioned amidships behind the superstructure. The hangar deck would have space for ten helicopters, with a 400 m joint operations centre for a command staff. There would be accommodation for about 500 troops as well as over 30 vehicles and a 30-bed hospital. Propulsion would be provided by two 2100:

purchase over domestic producers was that Russia required an unacceptable delay of ten years to develop the technologies needed. In March 2011, the deal stalled on Russian demands for sensitive NATO technologies to be included with the ships. In April 2011, the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev fired

1022:

of each ship is approximately 6,400 square metres (69,000 sq ft). The deck has six helicopter landing spots, one of which is capable of supporting a 33-tonne helicopter. The 1,800-square-metre (19,000 sq ft) hangar deck can hold 16 helicopters, and includes a maintenance area with

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contract was considered to be "phase three"; Fabius noted that cancelling would damage France's economy. In May 2014, Paris had guaranteed the two ships' completion. In November 2014, the Hollande government placed a hold on the first delivery to Russia and set two conditions: a ceasefire in Ukraine

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helicopters. In 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin stated that the ships would not be able to operate in Russia's climate, and required a grade of diesel fuel not produced in Russia. Russian General Staff General Nikolai Makarov announced that the first ship would be deployed to the Russian

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vessels. Roles listed include humanitarian and peacekeeping operations, crisis management, force protection, joint headquarters command, medical and logistics support and transport of military forces. The company is pitching the ship to countries less likely to engage in combat operations which

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represented a total investment of $ 2.6 billion. Canada had also pursued the two former Russian vessels, and Canada's defence minister held a face to face exchange at the NATO Ministerial in June 2015. Canada's attempt to purchase Mistral ship was dropped due to budgetary constraints. As of late

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class. The BIP-19 included a 190-metre (620 ft) long flush deck, with a 26.5-metre (87 ft) beam, a draught of 6.5 metres (21 ft), and a displacement of 19,000 tonnes; dimensions which exceeded the requirements of the NTCD concept. Three smaller ship designs were also revealed,

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told French officials that the US was "concerned"; however, accompanying US officials said there is little the US could do to block the deal, and that it "did not pose a major problem." The same day, the deal was granted by France's DGA. It was the first major arms deal between Russia and a

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The flight and hangar decks are connected by two aircraft lifts, each capable of lifting 13 tonnes. The 225-square-metre (2,420 sq ft) main lift is located near the stern of the ship, on the centreline, and is large enough for helicopters to be moved with their rotors in flight

2153:, as saying "Russia won't take them, it's an accomplished fact. Now there's only one discussion—concerning the money sum that should be returned to Russia." On 5 August 2015 it was announced that France shall return Russia's partial payments and keep the two ships intended for Russia. 1570:. The thrusters are powered by electricity from five 16-cylinder Wärtsilä 16V32 diesel alternators, and can be oriented in any angle. This propulsion technology gives the ships significant manoeuvering capabilities, as well as freeing up space normally reserved for propeller shafts. 639:

basically scaled-down BIP-19 versions, with a common beam of 23 metres (75 ft): BIP-13 (13,000 tonnes, 151 metres (495 ft)), BIP-10 (10,000 tonnes, 125 metres (410 ft)), and BIP-8 (8,000 tonnes, 102 metres (335 ft)). BIP-8 incorporated features of the Italian

2043:, introduced a resolution that "France and other member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union should decline to sell major weapons systems or offensive military equipment to the Russian Federation." On 8 February 2010, Defense Secretary 3678: 4113:"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that France and other member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union should decline to sell major weapons systems or offensive military equipment to the Russian Federation" 1792:, which was operating in the East Asia area at the time, loaded humanitarian aid supplies, and sailed to Burma. The ship was refused entry to the nation's ports; the 1,000 tons of humanitarian supplies had to be unloaded in Thailand and handed over to the 797:

The ships were constructed at various locations in two major and several minor components and united on completion. DCN, the head of construction and responsible for 60% of the value of construction and 55% of the work time, assembled the engines in

1522:

equivalent to the field hospital of an Army division or army corps, or to the hospital of a 25,000-inhabitant city, complete with dentistry, diagnostics, specialist surgical and medical capabilities, food hygiene and psychological capabilities. A

1975:, suggested Russia planned to purchase one ship and intended to later construct three further ships in Russia. In February 2010, he said that construction would start sometime after 2015 and would be a joint effort with France. French President 1165:

can accommodate four landing craft. The ships are capable of operating two LCAC hovercraft, and although the French Navy appears to have no intention of purchasing any LCACs, this capability improves the class' ability to interoperate with the

818:

of South Korea, constructed the forward halves of each ship in Saint-Nazaire, and was responsible for transporting them to DCN's Brest shipyard for final assembly. Other companies were involved in the construction: some work was outsourced to

1638:, which allows them to take part in a Combined Joint Task Force. France provided forces to NRF-8 in January 2007, including a Commander Amphibious Task Force and eight ships. The next contribution took place in January 2008 in NRF-10, after 3889: 3357: 865:

s were built in Saint-Nazaire by STX France, which is jointly owned by STX Europe, Alstom and the French government, with STX Europe having a majority stake. DCNS will provide the combat system. The Russian ships' sterns were built in

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type has been promoted for export. The "BPC family" comprises the BPC 140 (13,500 tonnes), the BPC 160 (16,700 tonnes) and the BPC 250 (24,542 tonnes, 214.5 metres (704 ft) long). The BPC 250 was the design from which the final

782:, revealing that in strong crosswinds, the ship's height and elongated superstructures created turbulence along the flight deck. The design was altered to minimise the effects and provide better conditions for helicopter operations. 2531: 2145:

and a political agreement between Moscow and Kyiv. In December 2014, Russia gave the French government a choice to deliver the two ships or refund the $ 1.53 billion purchase price. On 26 May 2015, Russian news agencies quoted

1270:-class ships can be used as command and control ships, with a 850-square-metre (9,100 sq ft) command centre which can host up to 150 personnel. Information from the ship's sensors is centralised in the SENIT system ( 1278:(NTDS). Problems in the development of the SENIT 9 revision contributed to the one-year delay in the delivery of the two ships. SENIT 9 is based around Thales' tri-dimensional MRR3D-NG Multi Role Radar, which operates on the 3559: 4412: 580:

The CNOA was to assert the French Navy's capability to perform amphibious assaults, withdrawals, demonstrations, and raids. This would allow the French Navy to further integrate into the doctrinal frameworks described by

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supplied radars and communications systems. Each ship was predicted to take 34 months to complete, with design and construction for both costing 685 million Euros (approximately the same cost for a single ship based on

3617: 1393:

cannot be deployed into hostile waters without sufficient escorting ships. This problem is compounded by the small number of escort ships in the French Navy; there is a five-year gap between the decommissioning of the

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The space gained by the use of the azimuth thrusters allowed for the construction of accommodation areas where no pipes or machinery are visible. Located in the forward section of the ship, crew cabins aboard

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ships for close-in self-defense. Nexter Systems will deliver two NARWHAL20B guns for each ship, chambered in 20×139mm ammunition, with one gun covering the port bow and the other covering the starboard stern.

4549: 3069: 1142:-class ships can accommodate up to 450 soldiers, although this can be doubled for short-term deployments. The 2,650-square-metre (28,500 sq ft) vehicle hangar can carry a 40-strong Leclerc tank 2834: 5086: 4979: 4897: 949:

was launched on 26 July 2005. Delivery was scheduled for late 2005 and early 2006 respectively, but was postponed for over a year due to issues with the SENIT 9 sensor system and deterioration to the

3881: 3533: 4500: 3349: 3200: 2104: 1972: 1863: 3109: 3828: 1359:-class ships were supported by one of France's chiefs of staff. One suggestion is to upgrade the dual-launching, manual Simbad launchers to quadruple-launching, automatic Tetral launchers. 3935: 964:. Construction began on 18 April 2009 in Saint-Nazaire; the entire ship was built there due to cost constraints. On 17 December 2009, it was announced that this third ship would be named 2539: 1573:

The long-term reliability of azimuth thrusters in military use is yet to be rigorously studied, but the technology has been employed aboard ships in several navies, including the Dutch

985: 957: 4390: 2185:, French Defence Minister, said that Egypt had already paid the whole price for the helicopter carriers. Egypt also purchased the Russian helicopters that were planned for the ships. 4055: 5254: 3563: 4927: 4416: 2080:

stated that "t's a mistake. This is a precedent, when a NATO and EU member sells offensive weaponry to a country whose democracy is not at a level that would make us feel calm."

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The 900 m (9,700 sq ft) hospital provides 20 rooms and 69 hospitalisation beds, of which 7 are fit for intensive care. The two surgery blocks come complete with a

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forecast that two more BPCs would be in French Navy service by 2020. In 2009, a third ship was ordered earlier than expected as part of the French government's response to the

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deployed together for a major military exercise incorporating two helicopter groups (with 25 helicopters), an amphibious engagement group and two escort vessels (the frigates

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took place on 9 March 2006. Half of the air group of the BPCs is to be constituted of NH-90s, the other half being composed of Tigre attack helicopters. On 19 April 2007,

1175: 760: 2952: 4338: 4311: 4260: 4233: 2040: 4579: 4541: 1851:-class design was derived: the reduction in length and other modifications were a price-saving exercise. The BPC 250 concept was one of two designs selected for the 5717: 4206: 2650: 1906: 1725: 1349:. Two Breda-Mauser 30 mm/70 guns are also included in the design, though not installed as of 2009. Following the experiences of French naval commanders during 4953: 4676: 3379: 3335: 5072: 5029: 4094: 3008: 5722: 5287: 4447: 3228: 3079: 4975: 4893: 4612: 917:

left Saint-Nazaire under tow on 16 July 2004 and arrived in Brest on 19 July 2004. On 30 July, the combination of the two halves through a process similar to

3700: 976:

in 2010, but it was opposed by some French naval circles because France no longer operated a dedicated training ship (the traditional role of warships named

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capabilities, as 76 mm and 100 mm guns have been determined to have insufficient range and lethality. The MLRS is in French Army service, using a

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as seen from the island superstructure. Both lifts can be seen: the main lift at the rear of the ship, and the auxiliary lift on the extreme left of frame.

640: 5039: 3754: 3537: 3117: 5727: 4508: 3445: 3785: 1769:

acted on tip-offs from the European Maritime Analysis Operation Centre – Narcotics, and intercepted 5.7 t (5.6 long tons; 6.3 short tons) of

5322: 1574: 1005: 2830: 2509: 746:, was received on 8 December 2000. A construction contract was published on 22 December and, after getting the public purchase authority's approval ( 5737: 5447: 4292: 2150: 1244: 1179: 4466: 4368: 1546:. 50 medicalised beds are kept in reserve and can be installed in a helicopter hangar to extend the capacity of the hospital in case of emergency. 465:, or a 40-strong Leclerc tank battalion, and 450 soldiers. The ships are equipped with a 69-bed hospital, and are capable of serving as part of a 4187: 4065: 3943: 2101:

the senior Navy official overseeing the talks with France. On 17 June 2011, the two nations signed an agreement for two ships for $ 1.7 billion.

4037: 3419: 2432: 1852: 1355:, the French deployment to aid European citizens in Lebanon during the 2006 war, proposals to improve the self-defence capabilities of the two 5009: 4643: 2965: 2927: 2448: 1588: 1222: 4382: 3858: 2875: 2854: 2620: 3674: 661: 5397: 4160: 973: 4919: 4145: 3585: 3034: 601:

or allies. As well as joint operations with NATO and EU forces, any proposed ship had to be capable of inter-service operations with the

5732: 5457: 2440: 2220:

would have naval guns at the left stern and at the right side of the bow, with heavy machine gun posts on both sides. There would be a

1968: 1581: 1194: 953:

deck covering of the forward sections. They were commissioned into the French Navy on 15 December 2006 and 1 August 2007, respectively.

765: 669: 568: 290: 5049: 3957: 1690: 5635: 5552: 5232: 1109: 790: 561: 122: 4755: 2803: 5280: 1619:-class ships in May 2007, it was claimed that he would have used the same accommodation area to host a crew three times the size of 1207: 1201:

class and they have a payload capacity of 65 to 80 tonnes and a maximum speed of 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) at full load.

2686: 1735: 4789: 3984: 1305:-class ships use the SYRACUSE satellite system, based on French satellites SYRACUSE 3-A and SYRACUSE 3-B which provide 45% of the 4841: 4729: 2022: 1758: 1472: 4120: 2561: 764:(General Delegation for Ordnance, DGA), began to adapt the BIP-19 design. In parallel, the concept was refined by DGA, DCN, the 738:

At Euronaval 1998, France confirmed plans to build vessels based on the BIP-19 concept. Approval for construction of two ships,

4014: 3477: 2777: 2532:"Nexter presenting NARWHAL®, its remotely operated 20mm gun turret, at the Euronaval 2016 trade show between 17 and 21 October" 1885: 1834:). The exercise was designed to permit units of the navy and army to train "in a high intensity setting" for joint operations. 4706: 4522: 3507: 3313: 3147: 3644: 2971: 2761: 590: 4871: 4334: 4307: 4256: 4229: 3242: 2161:

On 7 August 2015, a French diplomatic source confirmed that President Hollande discussed the matter with Egyptian President

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or BIP). At the same time, the French doctrine of amphibious operations was evolving and being defined as the CNOA (French:

4571: 3055: 5405: 4815: 4481: 2737: 4202: 2669: 1043:

configuration. The 120 square metres (1,300 sq ft) auxiliary lift is located aft of the island superstructure.

5643: 5273: 5129: 4949: 4080: 3704: 3387: 3327: 3174: 2313: 2225: 2202: 1283: 751: 487: 5059: 5026: 4667: 5475: 5467: 5136: 5122: 3004: 2337: 2289: 1466:-guided rocket with a range of 70 km (43 mi) and a unitary 90 kg (200 lb) high-explosive warhead. 493: 481: 38: 4439: 556:, "National design for amphibious operations"). The BIP was to renew and increase the amphibious capabilities of the 1979:

favoured the building of the first two ships in France and only the second two in Russia. According to Moscow-based

5573: 5347: 4603: 3267: 1964: 1406: 1275: 1167: 913:

on 23 October 2003. The two aft sections were assembled side by side in the same dry dock. The forward section of

3708: 1777:

on 29 January, and 3.2 t (3.1 long tons; 3.5 short tons) from a cargo ship 300 kilometres (160 nmi) off

5521: 3723: 1487: 712: 20: 3882:"Canada was actively pursuing possible purchase of Mistral-class ships – initiative on hold because of election" 1309:

secured communications of NATO. From 18 to 24 June 2007, a secure video conference was held twice a day between

5682: 5677: 5617: 5355: 1937: 702: 5625: 5376: 5305: 2592: 1104:

Gilles Humeau, the size of the flight and hangar decks would allow the operation of up to thirty helicopters.

1046:

Every helicopter operated by the French military is capable of flying from these ships. On 8 February 2005, a

3452: 3350:"Marine Nationale : 12 canons multitubes M134 Dillon ont été livrés. Les tourelles téléopérées arrivent" 1499: 5526: 5418: 4060: 3805: 2137: 1829: 1729: 1346: 1147: 434: 396: 185: 5199: 5164: 5004:]. Collection Navires et Histoire des Marines du Mond; 35 (in French). Le Vigen, France: Lela Presse. 3911:

Henrotin, Joseph (July 2006). "Les outsiders de la puissance aéronavale : une prospective à 10 ans".

2838: 2505: 2368: 2033: 1024: 514: 371: 4282: 5590: 5544: 5342: 4462: 4360: 1961: 1859: 1823: 1608: 1416: 1402: 1395: 1087: 673:(DCN), one of the two shipbuilders involved, showed several aircraft carrier-like features, including a 574: 1023:

an overhead crane. To aid launch and recovery, a DRBN-38A Decca Bridgemaster E250 landing radar and an

4179: 1773:: 2.5 t (2.5 long tons; 2.8 short tons) from a fishing vessel 520 kilometres (280 nmi) from 5493: 4164: 2989: 2239:

as "a political tool for civilian and military action" for countries that cannot afford the standard

2162: 2146: 2025: 1720: 1524: 1351: 1306: 1063: 980:) and now rotated the training role between multiple ships in the fleet. The possibility of a fourth 961: 510: 3407: 1917:

could in time consider purchasing BPCs, but in the end Turkey also chose a derivative of Navantia's

5669: 5485: 4542:"Mistral : l'Arabie saoudite et l'Egypte " sont prêtes à tout pour acheter les deux navires "" 4116: 4108: 4089: 2129: 2061: 2036: 1873: 1635: 1123: 1079: 1067: 634:

nuclear helicopter carrier, were revealed. The largest design, BIP-19, was the future basis of the

594: 520: 466: 5044: 4635: 239: 5659: 5211: 5171: 4140: 3958:"Escale du "Tonnerre" Bâtiment de projection et de commandement en Algérie, le 9 et 10 juin 2008" 3866: 2886: 2851: 2398: 2245: 2182: 1808: 1793: 1681:. These ships were to protect, and if necessary evacuate, French citizens in Lebanon and Israel. 1612: 1459: 1378: 1330: 1071: 694: 438: 384: 2720: 1259: 660:

At the design stage, the NTCD concept featured an aircraft lift on the port side (like the U.S.

4135: 1732:. Gazelle and Cougar helicopters of the French Air Force operated from the ship during 9 July. 1450:

In December 2014, the French Navy awarded a contract to Airbus to study the integration of the

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review concluded that STOBAR aircraft were outside the CNOA's scope, requiring design changes.

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announced that France would refund payments and keep the two ships; the two ships were sold to

5692: 5536: 5005: 3916: 3797: 3592: 3287: 3022: 2961: 2933: 2923: 2716: 2661: 2178: 2121: 2077: 1743: 1667: 1639: 1051: 689:

B fighters), four or five helicopter landing spots (including one strengthened to accommodate

602: 2177:

s for roughly 950 million euros, including the costs of training Egyptian crews. Speaking on

726:(PHI, for "intervention helicopter carrier") in December 2001, before being eventually named 5314: 3961: 2472: 2229: 2057: 1567: 1374: 867: 815: 682: 674: 503: 454: 251: 4838:"Второй вертолетоносец типа "Мистраль" для России будет спущен на воду в октябре 2014 года" 4015:"La construction en Russie de navires de type Mistral possible d'ici 5-10 ans (Etat-major)" 1385:-class ships considered under-equipped for self-defence in such a situation. Consequently, 1135:

off the coast of North Carolina, US for Composite Training Unit Exercise (7 February 2009).

5607: 5033: 4733: 2858: 2807: 2765: 2011: 2007: 1976: 1539: 1342: 871: 836: 829: 598: 509:

on 24 December 2010, and signed on 25 January 2011. On 3 September 2014, French President

506: 364: 5064: 1197:. These landing craft began delivery in 2021. Eight are envisaged for operation from the 2697: 1238: 5599: 4781: 4203:"Baltic states fault France's warship deal with Russia | Navy News at DefenseTalk" 4041: 2166: 2133: 1910: 1800: 1785: 1762: 1314: 803: 545: 524: 474: 470: 235: 70: 4837: 2173:. Subsequently, Egypt and France concluded the deal to acquire the two former Russian 1439:

each; intended for close-in self-defence against asymmetric threats faced during anti-

1158:

tanks, in the significantly smaller 1,000-square-metre (11,000 sq ft) deck.

5711: 5687: 5439: 5389: 5191: 4112: 3380:"French Navy Looking to Deploy Army MLRS from LHDs for Coastal Fire Support Missions" 3074: 2093: 1987:, including technology transfer, the USC president stated that it was linked to the 1929: 1279: 1047: 807: 755: 716: 708: 458: 110: 4022: 3485: 2781: 1004:

are the largest ships in the French Navy after the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier

5156: 5054: 4950:"DCNS launch Vladivostok, Russian Navy's first Mistral class LHD(Navy recognition)" 4698: 4526: 3519: 3305: 3279: 3139: 2125: 2053: 2044: 1994: 1933: 1914: 1697:. Four helicopters were also loaded aboard, with another two joining the ship near 1436: 1274:, "System for Naval Usage of Tactical Information"), a derivative of the US Navy's 928:

s forward section arrived in Brest on 2 May 2005 and underwent the same procedure.

918: 824: 499: 462: 314: 3648: 2758: 2244:

need something more like a multi-role support or logistics ship, particularly the

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capabilities. SENIT 9 can also be connected to NATO data exchange formats through

19:

This article is about the amphibious assault ship. For the cruise ship class, see

4863: 3246: 2606: 2569: 2473:"Projet de loi de finances pour 2013 : Défense : équipement des forces" 2451:– Russia's future landing helicopter dock, a replacement for the two undelivered 2232:

and a bow thruster, probably an all-electric propulsion system like the BPC 210.

5297: 5114: 4018: 2029: 1922: 1898: 1890: 1881: 1714:

s maiden voyage occurred between 10 April and 24 July 2007. During this voyage,

1535: 1413: 1128: 1019: 779: 690: 606: 557: 97: 5265: 4811: 3095:

Véronique Sartini, "Entretien avec le capitaine de vaisseau Gilles Humeau", in

2733: 1527:-based telemedicine system allows complex specialised surgery to be performed. 1030: 897:

on 13 December. Chantiers de l'Atlantique laid the keel of the forward part of

1984: 1554: 1543: 1171: 811: 430: 303:

Landing Craft Air Cushion (2 could be carried but not acquired by French Navy)

75: 3920: 3801: 3291: 2937: 2665: 2032:, complained to the French ambassador in Washington about the proposed sale; 1893:

has been working closely with the Polish Ministry of Defense to purchase one

5334: 3229:"French Navy EDA-S landing craft successfully conclude end-user evaluations" 2221: 2065: 1945: 1686: 1647: 1531: 1444: 1370: 1363: 1247: 1182: 1162: 1143: 820: 698: 3755:"Two French LHDs And 25 Helicopters Take Part In Large Amphibious Exercise" 3215:"First Two EDA-S Next Gen Amphibious Landing Craft Delivered to French DGA" 3070:"Le troisième BPC de la Marine sera-t-il la nouvelle "Jeanne d'Arc" ?" 1677:

was one of four French ships deployed to the waters off Lebanon as part of

931: 877: 785: 3328:"Nexter NARWAHL 20mm RWS Fitted on French Navy Mistral Class LHD Dixmude" 2206: 2170: 1941: 1807:

would be deployed with attack helicopters to the Libyan coast to enforce

1774: 1059: 950: 806:, and the rear half of the ship, including the island superstructure, in 3786:"Capability of First Resort?: Australia's future amphibious requirement" 3536:(in French). French Ministry of Defence. 26 October 2009. Archived from 3171:"La DGA notifie l'acquisition d'engins de débarquement amphibie rapides" 2696:(in French) (33). Ministère de la Défense: 7. March 2006. Archived from 2083:

Some design changes were needed, such as for compatibility with Russian

1653: 32: 5368: 4501:"Entretien téléphonique avec M. Vladimir Poutine - accords sur les BPC" 3985:"France Russia Mistral Ships Update: Malaysia To Buy Aircraft Carrier?" 3671:"Tropical Cyclone Nargis : French humanitarian aid (May 29, 2008)" 2224:

in the stern for landing craft, and two alcoves on each side to launch

2073: 1778: 1770: 1643: 1428:

was the first of the vessels outfitted with the cannons in March 2016.

1295: 1291: 1287: 1115:, for roughly 40% the cost and crew requirements of the American ship. 1083: 799: 768:

and Chantiers de l'Atlantique. During the design validation process, a

649: 390: 272:

10,800 km (5,800 nmi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)

4864:"Egypt warship: First French-made Mistral ship handed over - BBC News" 3534:"Le Service de Recrutement de la Marine en Seminaire a bord du Mistal" 730:(BPC) to emphasize the amphibious and command aspects of the concept. 5511: 4438:

Stothard, Michael; Thomson, Adam; Hille, Kathrin (26 November 2014).

2069: 1666:

made her maiden voyage from 21 March to 31 May 2006, cruising in the

1440: 1155: 678: 2140:

and the enactment of "phase two" economic sanctions; cancelling the

2006:

On 24 December 2010, after eight months of talks, Russian President

1313:, then sailing from Brazil to South Africa, and VIP visitors at the 4636:"France to sell Egypt two warships previously contracted to Russia" 4523:"Telephone conversation with President of France Francois Hollande" 3201:"French Navy receives two EDA-S Amphibious Standard Landing Crafts" 2922:(111th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. p. 255. 2103: 2096:

if sought. According to Nikolai Makarov, the chief reason for the

2088: 2084: 1993: 1734: 1698: 1652: 1553: 1324: 1258: 1122: 1029: 930: 876: 784: 758:

in September 2001 and, following consultation between DCA and the

648: 631: 528: 4894:"Egypt's Sisi inspects southern naval fleet units at Port Safaga" 4812:"Второй вертолетоносец типа "Мистраль" спущен на воду во Франции" 3960:(Press release) (in French). Government of France. Archived from 3586:"Mistral (L9013) Bâtiment de projection et de commandement (BPC)" 846:-class amphibious ships, which displaced half the tonnage of the 5565: 4482:"Russia no longer wants French-made Mistral helicopter carriers" 2049: 1634:

The BPCs are certified as members of the naval component of the

1451: 686: 582: 450: 136: 5269: 5068: 4782:"Франция закладывает второй корабль типа "Мистраль" для России" 4756:"L'impressionnante montée en puissance de la flotte égyptienne" 4976:"Egypt to receive second Mistral helicopter carrier on Friday" 4572:"Egypt, Saudi Arabia 'desperate' to purchase Mistral warships" 1463: 445:

or BPC) and "porte-hélicoptères amphibie" (PHA) since 2019, a

275:

19,800 kilometres (10,700 nmi) at 15 knots (28 km/h)

2960:. New York: Odile Jacob Publishing Corporation. p. 336. 2687:"BPC Classe Mistral: Fer de Lance de la Projection de Forces" 523:. On 5 August 2015, President Hollande and Russian president 513:

announced the postponement of delivery of the first warship,

441:, and referred to as "projection and command ships" (French: 1788:

struck Burma; the worst natural disaster to hit the region.

754:

in late July. An engineering design team was established at

480:

Three ships of the class are in service in the French Navy:

4634:

Cullinane, Susannah; Martel, Noisette (23 September 2015).

4383:"France May Scrap Russian Warship Deal over Ukraine Crisis" 4230:"French Warship for Russia 'Won't Work in Cold' - Minister" 3936:"Premiers détails sur la vente de quatre FREMM à l'Algérie" 3268:

Brève du ministère de la Défense français du 3 juillet 2007

2193:

DCNS unveiled a model of a smaller version of the standard

1842:

Since 1997, and particularly since the Euronaval 2007, the

889:

DCN laid the keels for the aft part of both ships in 2002;

617:

The studies for a multi-purpose intervention ship (French:

325:

450 troops (or 250 troops plus a military staff of 200 men)

3140:"Essais d'enradiage de LCAC réussis pour le BPC Tonnerre" 2607:"Ukraine crisis: France halts warship delivery to Russia" 2165:

during his visit to Egypt during the inauguration of the

1333:, not presently installed. Another turret is planned aft. 4257:"No Fuel in Russia For French-Built Warship - Deputy PM" 4038:"Russia $ 12 Billion Arms Spree May Benefit DCNS, Iveco" 2649:

Credat, Arnault (April 2005). Veyrat, Jean-Marie (ed.).

1362:

Incidents such as the near-loss of the Israeli corvette

1272:

Système d'Exploitation Navale des Informations Tactiques

1154:-class ships can carry up to 100 vehicles, including 22 986:

2013 French White Paper on Defence and National Security

958:

2008 French White Paper on Defence and National Security

449:-class ship is capable of transporting and deploying 16 5002:

All the Aircraft Carriers of France: From 1912 to Today

3829:"DCNS propose la frégate Fremm et le Mistral au Canada" 3618:"BPC : Bâtiments de Projection et de Commandement" 3591:(in French). French Ministry of Defence. Archived from 3562:(in French). French Ministry of Defence. Archived from 2954:

The French White Paper on Defence and National Security

2835:

Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales

2591:

de la Baume, Maïa; Gladstone, Rick (3 September 2014).

1263:

The island superstructure, as seen from the flight deck

548:

started a study for a multi-purpose intervention ship (

4998:

Tous les porte-aéronefs en France: de 1912 à nos jours

3701:"Myanmar: the Mistral unloads its freight in Thailand" 3560:"Le Bâtiment de Projection et de Commandement Mistral" 1341:-class ships were armed with two Simbad launchers for 1086:

landed on her reinforced helicopter spot off the U.S.

5255:

List of amphibious warfare vessels of the French Navy

3724:"Apache helicopters to be sent into Libya by Britain" 909:

was put in a dry dock on 26 August 2003, and that of

646:

amphibious transports, but with a helicopter hangar.

4463:"Russia to France: Give Us the Mistrals or a Refund" 4440:"France Suspends Mistral Warship Delivery to Russia" 4161:"France, U.S. Discuss Russian Mistral Carrier Query" 3306:"Améliorer l'autoprotection des BPC du type Mistral" 1650:. The forces can be set up on 5 to 30 days' notice. 1566:

class are the first ships of the French Navy to use

1189:

class. The EDA-S Amphibious Standard Landing Craft (

968:. It had been suggested to use the historic name of 624:

In 1997, several common ship designs referred to as

5668: 5652: 5634: 5616: 5598: 5589: 5564: 5535: 5520: 5484: 5466: 5438: 5417: 5388: 5367: 5333: 5313: 5304: 5182: 5147: 5105: 4335:"Russia signs $ 1.7 bln deal for 2 French warships" 4136:"Gates Voices Concern About Warship Sale to Russia" 3005:"France Orders Third Projection and Command Vessel" 1685:embarked 650 soldiers and 85 vehicles, including 5 1646:and the SECSAT system which operationally controls 1377:have shown the vulnerability of modern warships to 842:, and approximately the same cost as the preceding 4666: 4602: 4480: 3645:"French Navy validates the BPC concept in Lebanon" 2778:"Avis du Sénat français no 90 du 22 novembre 2001" 1981:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies 1880:ships. The two Canadian ships were to be built by 1518:Each ship carries a NATO Role 3 medical facility, 945:was launched on schedule on 6 October 2004, while 333:20 officers, 80 petty officers, 60 quarter-masters 4920:"France Floats Out First Russian Mistral Warship" 4668:"AAD2014: DCNS markets the Mistral 140 in Africa" 4308:"Mistral talks stumble over sensitive technology" 3282:(September–October 2007). "L'opération Baliste". 2092:Pacific Fleet, and could transport troops to the 2076:protested the deal; Lithuania's Defence Minister 1901:has also expressed interest in the design of the 1431:In late 2013, the French Navy equipped all three 1401:and the commissioning of their replacements, the 345:DRBN-38A Decca Bridgemaster E250 navigation radar 3110:"The Mistral Amphib is a Goldmine of Good Ideas" 3023:"Le 3ème BPC de la Marine nationale s'appellera 2593:"France Postpones Delivery of Warship to Russia" 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2041:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs 750:, UGAP) on 13 July 2001, was awarded to DCN and 540:French doctrine of amphibious operations in 1997 4180:"As Its Arms Makers Falter, Russia Buys Abroad" 2990:"French Detail New Orders, Procurement Changes" 2651:"The national concept of amphibious operations" 2475:(in French). Senate of France. 22 November 2012 4604:"France to Sell Two Mistral Warships to Egypt" 1932:is also considering the purchase of two BPCs. 242:auxiliary diesel-alternator 18V200 (3 MW) 5281: 5080: 3439: 3437: 3056:Après le Mistral et le Tonnerre, le «Dixmude» 1673:Following the start of the 2006 Lebanon War, 1558:Two of the Wärtsilä 16 V32 diesel alternators 1180:EDA-R (Engin de débarquement amphibie rapide) 1161:The 885-square-metre (9,530 sq ft) 789:Comparison between the BPC and the preceding 627:nouveau transport de chalands de débarquement 8: 3865:(in French). 7 December 2010. Archived from 3508:"Démonstration des moyens satellites du BPC 3446:"Mistral: a new concept of medical platform" 3401: 3399: 3397: 1862:. The design finally chosen was the Spanish 1757:was involved in the Corymbe 92 mission (see 1724:, the French co-deploying complement to the 1108:aviation capabilities approach those of the 984:-class ship was officially abandoned in the 625: 238:diesel-alternators 16 V32 (6.2 MW) + 1 4525:. kremlin.ru. 5 August 2015. Archived from 3859:"Le Canada s'intéresse aux Mistral de DCNS" 2621:"France Says Egypt To Buy Mistral Warships" 1611:, and when United States Navy vice-admiral 1412:In late 2011, the French Navy selected the 1191:Engins de Débarquement Amphibie – Standards 1010:, for roughly the same height above water. 5595: 5532: 5310: 5288: 5274: 5266: 5087: 5073: 5065: 3091: 3089: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2002:sale to Russia at Saint-Nazaire, June 2014 1948:also reportedly expressed interest in the 443:bâtiments de projection et de commandement 4056:"Russia to purchase four French warships" 3796:. Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 3518:(in French). 12 June 2007. Archived from 3068:Merchet, Jean-Dominique (17 April 2009). 2627:. Agence France-Presse. 23 September 2015 2120:sale was put on hold by French President 1726:United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire 850:class and took 46.5 months to complete). 778:th scale model was built and tested in a 728:Bâtiment de projection et de commandement 554:Concept national des opérations amphibies 254:(2 × 7 MW), 2 five-bladed propellers 4413:"Russia; France guarantees Mistral deal" 3779: 3777: 3775: 2357: 2278: 2255: 2216:that have not yet come to fruition, the 1347:12.7 mm M2-HB Browning machine guns 4982:from the original on 16 September 2016. 2804:"Histoire du BPC Mistral (2000 - 2006)" 2464: 2064:turbojet engines in 1947. NATO members 1876:showed "strong interest" in buying two 1542:, and that can be fitted with a mobile 1468: 1203: 1193:) were subsequently ordered to replace 1178:ordered eight French-designed 59-tonne 317:) or a 40-strong Leclerc tank battalion 5718:Mistral-class amphibious assault ships 4730:"Histoire du BPC Dixmude (2008 - ...)" 4646:from the original on 26 September 2015 4552:from the original on 25 September 2015 4469:from the original on 20 December 2014. 4450:from the original on 28 November 2014. 4341:from the original on 21 September 2014 4295:from the original on 28 December 2010. 4263:from the original on 24 September 2015 4097:from the original on 27 December 2016. 3722:Norton-Taylor, Richard (23 May 2011). 3316:from the original on 14 February 2012. 3099:(ISSN 1772-788X), no 19 (October 2006) 2852:Marines : Mistral Shows Up LPD 17 2644: 2642: 2136:evaluated the deal in response to the 1232:, with the well deck door and elevator 1213:Two landing craft in the well deck of 1150:and 46 other vehicles. By comparison, 905:later. The first block of the rear of 748:Union des groupements d'achats publics 262:18.8 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) 27: 5040:Le BPC, un navire nouvelle génération 4874:from the original on 1 September 2018 4709:from the original on 26 December 2010 4601:Dalton, Matthew (23 September 2015). 4314:from the original on 7 September 2014 4123:from the original on 10 January 2016. 4081:"Critics say proposed sale of French 3913:Défense & Sécurité Internationale 3892:from the original on 11 February 2018 3880:Pugliese, David (20 September 2015). 3753:Vavasseur, Xavier (13 October 2021). 3444:Sicard, B.; Perrichot, C.; Tymen, R. 3422:from the original on 10 November 2014 3284:Défense & Sécurité Internationale 3150:from the original on 25 February 2012 3097:Défense & Sécurité Internationale 3037:from the original on 25 February 2012 2449:Project 23900 amphibious assault ship 1884:, with an option to buy a third. The 972:following the decommissioning of the 630:(NTCD), loosely based on the aborted 560:, which at the time consisted of two 7: 5723:Amphibious warfare vessels of France 4956:from the original on 19 October 2013 4930:from the original on 30 October 2014 4844:from the original on 8 November 2014 4792:from the original on 6 November 2014 4679:from the original on 10 January 2016 4615:from the original on 9 February 2017 4371:from the original on 29 August 2017. 4236:from the original on 9 November 2014 3734:from the original on 2 December 2016 3675:Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) 3011:from the original on 3 January 2010. 2740:from the original on 8 November 2014 2488:cost France €451.6m at FY2012 prices 1452:Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) 1373:-fired anti-ship missile during the 4705:. Mer et Marine. 20 December 2010. 4287:[French will come by sea]. 4064:. 21 September 2010. Archived from 3995:from the original on 3 October 2015 3839:from the original on 9 October 2015 3681:from the original on 3 October 2012 3338:from the original on 19 March 2016. 1478:One of the two SIMBAD launchers of 761:Délégation Générale pour l'Armement 670:Direction des Constructions Navales 210:199 m (652 ft 11 in) 16:French warship class (2005–present) 4818:from the original on 7 August 2015 4762:from the original on 19 April 2016 4582:from the original on 7 August 2015 4393:from the original on 2 August 2014 4021:. 17 February 2010. Archived from 2512:from the original on 14 March 2011 1458:s. This is to increase the ships' 619:bâtiment d'intervention polyvalent 550:bâtiment d'intervention polyvalent 296:EDA-R/S Amphibious Landing Craft ( 14: 5728:Amphibious warfare vessel classes 4209:from the original on 6 April 2012 4190:from the original on 16 May 2018. 4163:. defensenews.com. Archived from 3386:. 21 January 2016. Archived from 3360:from the original on 31 July 2017 2988:Pierre, Tran (18 December 2008). 2660:(36). Metz: Ministry of Defence. 1761:), a humanitarian mission in the 724:Porte-hélicoptères d'intervention 461:, up to 70 vehicles including 13 348:MRR3D-NG air/surface sentry radar 300:models being delivered from 2021) 226:6.3 m (20 ft 8 in) 218:32 m (105 ft 0 in) 5510: 5184: 5149: 5107: 5027:Mistral class (Navy recognition) 4900:from the original on 11 May 2017 4540:Sallon, Hélène (7 August 2015). 4461:LaGrone, Sam (8 December 2014). 4291:(in Russian). 27 December 2010. 4178:Kramer, Andrew (12 March 2010). 4159:Tran, Pierre (8 February 2010). 4148:from the original on 4 May 2017. 4134:Shanker, Tom (8 February 2010). 4085:ship to Russia will harm region" 4079:Cody, Edward (2 February 2010). 2876:"Découpe de la première tôle du 2212:Like the original plans for the 1759:Standing French Navy Deployments 1498: 1486: 1471: 1237: 1221: 1206: 408:16 heavy or 35 light helicopters 291:chaland de transport de matériel 103: 90: 31: 5738:Ship classes of the French Navy 5099:-class amphibious assault ships 4036:Arkhipov, Ilya (11 June 2010). 3983:McHugh, Jess (26 August 2015). 3827:Cabirol, Michel (31 May 2012). 2920:Jane's Fighting Ships 2008-2009 2918:Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2008). 2829:Michaut, Cécile (1 June 2007). 1865:Buque de Proyección Estratégica 1856:-class amphibious warfare ships 1113:-class amphibious assault ships 996:Based on displacement tonnage, 974:helicopter cruiser of that name 881:Arrival of the forward part of 498:. A deal for two ships for the 437:built by France. Also known as 351:2 optronic fire control systems 5653:Transport & communications 5430:-class amphibious assault ship 3647:. Sea And Navy. Archived from 2694:Bulletin d'études de la Marine 2506:"Mistral Construction Program" 2444:-class amphibious assault ship 2436:-class landing helicopter dock 2151:Military Industrial Commission 1803:announced on 23 May 2011 that 1146:, or a 13-strong Leclerc tank 591:European Amphibious Initiative 200:21,500 tonnes (full load) 1: 4699:"Saint-Nazaire : Le BPC 3707:. 27 May 2008. Archived from 3478:"Chapter 16: Medical Support" 3169:Bruno Daffix (15 June 2009). 2595:. The New York Times Company. 2226:rigid-hulled inflatable boats 962:recession which began in 2008 43:in Jounieh Bay, Lebanon 2012. 3989:International Business Times 3934:Guisnel, Jean (7 May 2008). 3784:Borgu, Aldo (23 July 2004). 3705:Minister of Defence (France) 3175:Ministry of Defence (France) 3003:DCNS, Tran (17 April 2009). 2951:Mallet, Jean-Claude (2008). 2734:"Navy painter André Lambert" 2203:Africa Aerospace and Defence 2130:Russian annexation of Crimea 2039:, the top Republican on the 1858:, to be constructed for the 1493:An uncovered SIMBAD launcher 1100:s first commanding officer, 821:Gdańska Stocznia "Remontowa" 5476:Tripartite-class minehunter 4507:(in French). Archived from 3312:(in French). 29 June 2007. 2128:of Russia over the illegal 1814:In September/October 2021, 901:on 28 January 2003, and of 701:capable of accommodating a 587:Allied Tactical Publication 5754: 5733:Helicopter carrier classes 5419:Amphibious assault vessels 5038:French Marine Nationale - 4728:Jean-Michel Roche (2012). 2831:"Air streams on the water" 2714:Terre information magazine 2132:. French foreign minister 2021:In the United States, six 1765:. During this deployment, 1705:evacuated 1,375 refugees. 1276:Naval Tactical Data System 1255:Command and communications 1168:United States Marine Corps 766:Chief of the Defence Staff 599:French oversea territories 416:6 helicopter landing spots 397:M2HB Browning machine guns 313:70 vehicles (including 13 197:16,500 tonnes (empty) 18: 5507: 5250: 5227: 2201:in September 2014 at the 2010:approved the purchase by 1907:Multi-Role Support Vessel 1701:. During her deployment, 1642:Noble Midas which tested 1058:. The first landing of a 992:Features and capabilities 857:, the rest of the French 752:Chantiers de l'Atlantique 176: 140:451.6 million (2012) 48: 30: 21:Mistral-class cruise ship 4283: 2609:. BBC. 3 September 2014. 2235:DCNS is advertising the 1938:the United Arab Emirates 1799:French Foreign Minister 1301:For communications, the 885:in Brest on 19 July 2004 613:Evolution of the concept 435:amphibious assault ships 5527:Strategic Oceanic Force 4609:The Wall Street Journal 4061:Deutsche Presse-Agentur 3482:NATO Logistics Handbook 3243:"Présentation du SENIT" 2116:In September 2014, the 1749:off West Africa in 2013 1534:room providing digital 1329:Emplacement of the bow 1185:for operation from the 938:shortly after launching 734:Design and construction 186:Amphibious assault ship 177:General characteristics 148:December 2005 – present 5636:Airborne early warning 4703:transféré au bassin C" 3451:. NATO. Archived from 3406:Mackenzie, Christina. 2764:15 August 2004 at the 2508:. Globalsecurity.org. 2113: 2003: 1998:A protest against the 1867:-class amphibious ship 1753:At the start of 2008, 1750: 1670:and the Indian Ocean. 1660: 1559: 1334: 1264: 1136: 1074:helicopters landed on 1039: 1025:optical landing system 939: 886: 861:s and the two Russian 794: 657: 626: 618: 575:landing platform docks 553: 502:was announced by then 477:peace-keeping forces. 442: 250:2 Rolls-Royce Mermaid 5343:Horizon-class frigate 5032:19 April 2016 at the 4996:Moulin, Jean (2020). 4284:Французы придут морем 3643:Groizeleau, Vincent. 3368:– via Scoop.it. 3058:, Ministry of Defence 2149:, deputy head of the 2107: 1997: 1973:Russian General Staff 1860:Royal Australian Navy 1738: 1656: 1615:inspected one of the 1609:French Foreign Legion 1557: 1417:remote weapon station 1328: 1262: 1126: 1102:Capitaine de vaisseau 1088:Naval Station Norfolk 1033: 934: 921:began in dock no. 9. 880: 788: 722:The NTCD was renamed 695:CH-53E Super Stallion 652: 521:Russia–Ukraine crisis 519:, in response to the 5600:Fighter & attack 5409:-class patrol vessel 5369:Frigates (2nd class) 5335:Frigates (1st class) 4814:. 20 November 2014. 4167:on 8 September 2012. 4111:(16 December 2009). 4109:Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana 4025:on 21 February 2010. 3522:on 13 February 2008. 3512:au salon du Bourget" 3249:on 14 September 2014 2723:, no. 184 (May 2007) 2703:on 23 November 2006. 2460:Notes and references 2163:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 1443:operations, such as 1307:Super High Frequency 1131:tank embarks aboard 1127:A U.S. Marine Corps 1119:Amphibious transport 1078:. On 10 May 2007, a 802:, combat systems in 697:helicopters), and a 282:Boats & landing 4952:. 16 October 2013. 4926:. 15 October 2013. 4444:The Financial Times 4419:on 29 November 2014 4361:"Europe and Russia" 4205:. Defencetalk.com. 4117:Library of Congress 4090:The Washington Post 3946:on 8 February 2012. 3711:on 21 October 2020. 3458:on 11 November 2013 3390:on 23 January 2016. 3384:Navyrecognition.com 3332:Navyrecognition.com 3217:. 25 November 2021. 2977:on 6 February 2009. 2892:on 10 November 2014 2857:30 May 2008 at the 2675:on 2 December 2008. 2205:2014 exhibition in 2062:Rolls-Royce Derwent 2037:Ileana Ros-Lehtinen 1874:Royal Canadian Navy 1636:NATO Response Force 1630:Operational history 1587:, and the Canadian 1447:and suicide boats. 1034:The flight deck of 681:aircraft (like the 597:, or in support of 595:Metropolitan France 467:NATO Response Force 439:helicopter carriers 413:Aviation facilities 372:20 mm modèle F2 gun 5468:Minehunter vessels 5399:D'Estienne d'Orves 5306:Naval Action Force 5201:Gamal Abdel Nasser 5045:globalsecurity.org 4896:. 5 January 2017. 4736:on 18 October 2012 4184:The New York Times 4141:The New York Times 4068:on 3 January 2013. 3915:(in French) (17). 3790:Strategic Insights 3624:on 10 January 2016 3540:on 31 October 2009 3181:on 21 October 2020 3082:on 9 October 2009. 2784:on 9 November 2013 2370:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2246:South African Navy 2183:Jean-Yves Le Drian 2138:Crimean referendum 2114: 2056:'s acquisition of 2004: 1809:UN resolution 1973 1794:World Food Program 1751: 1661: 1560: 1460:naval fire support 1379:asymmetric threats 1337:As built, the two 1335: 1331:30 mm Breda-Mauser 1265: 1137: 1050:of the Navy and a 1040: 940: 887: 814:, a subsidiary of 795: 658: 589:8B (ATP8) and the 531:within one month. 457:helicopters, four 385:30 mm Breda-Mauser 340:processing systems 5705: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5585: 5584: 5505: 5504: 5324:Charles de Gaulle 5315:Aircraft carriers 5296:Equipment of the 5263: 5262: 5011:978-2-37468-035-4 4758:. 18 April 2016. 4578:. 7 August 2015. 4529:on 8 August 2015. 4511:on 9 August 2015. 4389:. 18 March 2014. 3334:. 17 March 2016. 3286:(in French) (2). 2967:978-0-9768908-2-9 2929:978-0-7106-2845-9 2658:Objectif Doctrine 2572:on 2 January 2012 2424: 2423: 2417:16 September 2016 2347:17 September 2010 2157:Egyptian purchase 2122:Francois Hollande 2078:Rasa Jukneviciene 1730:Ivorian Civil War 1721:Opération Licorne 1679:Opération Baliste 1568:azimuth thrusters 1352:Opération Baliste 1282:and incorporates 1195:CTM landing craft 1080:MH-53E Sea Dragon 1007:Charles de Gaulle 603:Troupes de Marine 511:François Hollande 420: 419: 395:4 × 12.7 mm 252:azimuth thrusters 5745: 5626:Bréguet Atlantic 5596: 5533: 5522:Submarine Forces 5515: 5514: 5311: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5267: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5089: 5082: 5075: 5066: 5015: 4984: 4983: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4788:. 18 June 2013. 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4732:. Archived from 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4670: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4606: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4484: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4415:. Archived from 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4367:. 3 March 2014. 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4201:France, Agence. 4198: 4192: 4191: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3942:. Archived from 3931: 3925: 3924: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3869:on 30 June 2015. 3855: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3804:. Archived from 3781: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3620:. Archived from 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3566:on 21 March 2008 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3484:. Archived from 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3403: 3392: 3391: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3276: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3245:. Archived from 3239: 3233: 3232: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3177:. Archived from 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3116:. Archived from 3106: 3100: 3093: 3084: 3083: 3078:. Archived from 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2970:. Archived from 2959: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2915: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2891: 2885:. Archived from 2884: 2872: 2866: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2841:on 16 July 2011. 2837:. Archived from 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2810:on 23 March 2014 2806:. Archived from 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2780:. Archived from 2774: 2768: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2730: 2724: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2691: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2668:. Archived from 2655: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2568:. Archived from 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2538:. Archived from 2528: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2502: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2469: 2384:20 November 2014 2350:27 December 2012 2256: 2197:ship called the 2058:Rolls-Royce Nene 1960:In August 2009, 1956:Russian purchase 1771:smuggled cocaine 1718:was involved in 1713: 1625: 1502: 1490: 1475: 1375:2006 Lebanon War 1343:Mistral missiles 1241: 1225: 1210: 1170:and the British 1099: 927: 868:Saint Petersburg 816:STX Shipbuilding 777: 776: 772: 683:AV-8B Harrier II 629: 605:brigades of the 504:French President 405:Aircraft carried 383: 379: 139: 109: 107: 106: 98:Marine Nationale 96: 94: 93: 35: 28: 5753: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5697: 5664: 5648: 5630: 5612: 5581: 5560: 5524: 5516: 5509: 5501: 5480: 5462: 5434: 5413: 5384: 5363: 5329: 5300: 5294: 5264: 5259: 5246: 5223: 5185: 5183: 5178: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5108: 5106: 5101: 5093: 5055:Meretmarine.com 5034:Wayback Machine 5023: 5012: 4995: 4992: 4990:Further reading 4987: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4877: 4875: 4870:. 2 June 2016. 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4487:Financial Times 4479: 4478: 4474: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4396: 4394: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4035: 4034: 4030: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3964:on 12 June 2008 3956: 3955: 3951: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3808:on 17 June 2009 3783: 3782: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3677:. 29 May 2008. 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3651:on 16 July 2011 3642: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3598:on 24 July 2011 3595: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3532: 3531: 3527: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3405: 3404: 3395: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3120:on 31 July 2012 3108: 3107: 3103: 3094: 3087: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3007:. DefenseNews. 3002: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2974: 2968: 2957: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2930: 2917: 2916: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859:Wayback Machine 2850: 2846: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2766:Wayback Machine 2759:TCD classe NTCD 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2672: 2653: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2542:on 31 July 2017 2536:nexter-group.fr 2530: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2504: 2503: 2492: 2478: 2476: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2429: 2414:15 October 2013 2411:1 February 2012 2403: 2373: 2254: 2214:Mistral BPC 210 2195:Mistral BPC 210 2191: 2159: 2147:Oleg Bochkaryov 2012:Rosoboronexport 2008:Dmitry Medvedev 1977:Nicolas Sarkozy 1965:Nikolai Makarov 1958: 1840: 1711: 1632: 1623: 1613:Mark Fitzgerald 1600: 1552: 1540:ultrasonography 1516: 1509: 1505:Machine gun on 1503: 1494: 1491: 1482: 1476: 1419:(RWS) to equip 1399:-class frigates 1323: 1257: 1250: 1242: 1233: 1226: 1217: 1211: 1121: 1097: 1016: 994: 925: 893:on 9 July, and 872:Baltic Shipyard 774: 770: 769: 736: 615: 542: 537: 507:Nicolas Sarkozy 381: 377: 367:missile systems 339: 283: 231:Installed power 135: 104: 102: 91: 89: 44: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5751: 5749: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5710: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5640: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5622: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5604: 5602: 5593: 5591:Naval aviation 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5570: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5550: 5541: 5539: 5530: 5518: 5517: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5490: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5472: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5444: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5403: 5394: 5392: 5390:Patrol vessels 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5380:-class frigate 5373: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5359:-class frigate 5353: 5351:-class frigate 5345: 5339: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5319: 5317: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5295: 5293: 5292: 5285: 5278: 5270: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5238: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5213:Anwar El Sadat 5209: 5196: 5194: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5169: 5161: 5159: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5117: 5103: 5102: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5022: 5021:External links 5019: 5018: 5017: 5010: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4967: 4941: 4911: 4885: 4855: 4829: 4803: 4773: 4747: 4720: 4690: 4673:Shepherd Media 4657: 4626: 4593: 4563: 4532: 4514: 4492: 4489:. 26 May 2015. 4472: 4453: 4430: 4404: 4374: 4352: 4325: 4298: 4274: 4247: 4220: 4193: 4170: 4151: 4126: 4100: 4071: 4047: 4028: 4006: 3975: 3949: 3926: 3903: 3886:Ottawa Citizen 3872: 3850: 3819: 3771: 3745: 3714: 3692: 3662: 3635: 3609: 3577: 3551: 3525: 3499: 3488:on 20 May 2008 3469: 3433: 3393: 3371: 3341: 3319: 3297: 3271: 3260: 3234: 3220: 3206: 3192: 3161: 3131: 3101: 3085: 3060: 3048: 3014: 2995: 2992:. DefenseNews. 2980: 2966: 2943: 2928: 2903: 2867: 2844: 2821: 2795: 2769: 2751: 2725: 2706: 2678: 2638: 2612: 2598: 2583: 2553: 2523: 2490: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2455:-class vessels 2446: 2438: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2400:Anwar El Sadat 2396: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2320:26 August 2003 2318: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2299:6 October 2004 2297: 2294: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2253: 2250: 2190: 2187: 2167:New Suez Canal 2158: 2155: 2134:Laurent Fabius 1957: 1954: 1839: 1836: 1786:Cyclone Nargis 1763:Gulf of Guinea 1728:following the 1631: 1628: 1626:s complement. 1599: 1596: 1580:, the Spanish 1551: 1548: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1504: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1483: 1477: 1470: 1322: 1319: 1315:Paris Air Show 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1227: 1220: 1218: 1212: 1205: 1174:. Instead the 1120: 1117: 1015: 1012: 993: 990: 853:Starting from 735: 732: 715:hovercraft. A 653:Landing craft 614: 611: 541: 538: 536: 533: 525:Vladimir Putin 475:European Union 471:United Nations 418: 417: 414: 410: 409: 406: 402: 401: 400: 399: 393: 387: 374: 368: 359: 355: 354: 353: 352: 349: 346: 341: 335: 334: 331: 327: 326: 323: 319: 318: 311: 307: 306: 305: 304: 301: 294: 285: 279: 278: 277: 276: 273: 268: 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 248: 244: 243: 232: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 216: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 202: 201: 198: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 162: 158: 157: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 133: 129: 128: 120: 116: 115: 114: 113: 100: 85: 81: 80: 79: 78: 73: 66: 62: 61: 55: 51: 50: 49:Class overview 46: 45: 36: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5750: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5498: 5497:-class tanker 5496: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5440:Landing craft 5437: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5291: 5286: 5284: 5279: 5277: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5243: 5240:Followed by: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5231:Preceded by: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5192:Egyptian Navy 5181: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5104: 5100: 5098: 5090: 5085: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5013: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4942: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4721: 4708: 4704: 4702: 4694: 4691: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4661: 4658: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4630: 4627: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4597: 4594: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4551: 4548:(in French). 4547: 4543: 4536: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4476: 4473: 4468: 4465:. USNI News. 4464: 4457: 4454: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4434: 4431: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4370: 4366: 4365:The Economist 4362: 4356: 4353: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4326: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4278: 4275: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4248: 4235: 4231: 4224: 4221: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4130: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4084: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4007: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3979: 3976: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3904: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3838: 3835:(in French). 3834: 3830: 3823: 3820: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3760: 3759:navalnews.com 3756: 3749: 3746: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3636: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3594: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3565: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3539: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3516:Mer et Marine 3513: 3511: 3503: 3500: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3454: 3447: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3421: 3417: 3416:Aviation Week 3413: 3411: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3359: 3356:(in French). 3355: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3310:Mer et Marine 3307: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3280:Magne, Xavier 3275: 3272: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3162: 3149: 3145: 3144:Mer et Marine 3141: 3135: 3132: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3071: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3036: 3032: 3031:Mer et Marine 3028: 3026: 3018: 3015: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2984: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2956: 2955: 2947: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2888: 2881: 2879: 2871: 2868: 2865:(29 May 2007) 2864: 2863:Strategy Page 2860: 2856: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2822: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2752: 2739: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2594: 2587: 2584: 2571: 2567: 2566:netmarine.net 2563: 2562:"BPC Mistral" 2557: 2554: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2359:Egyptian Navy 2356: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2344:18 April 2009 2343: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2326:December 2006 2325: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2302:February 2006 2301: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2284: 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1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1689:and about 20 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1668:Mediterranean 1665: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1598:Accommodation 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1556: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1521: 1513: 1508: 1501: 1496: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:M134 Miniguns 1434: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1403:Horizon-class 1400: 1398: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1327: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1261: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1093:According to 1091: 1089: 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Knowledge (XXG)

Mistral-class amphibious assault ship

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