Mistral-class amphibious assault ship

2116: 1747: 632:, BIP) began during a time where the defence industries were preparing to undergo restructuring and integration. The BIP was intended to be a modular, scalable design that could be made available to the various European Union nations and constructed cooperatively, but political issues relating to employment and repartition of contracts caused the integration of the European nations with naval engineering expertise to fail, and saw the BIP project revert to a solely French concern. 1135: 1337: 1271: 116: 1234: 604:. While the CNOA made air capabilities a priority, it also recommended an increase in the number of vehicles and personnel that could be transported and deployed; the CNOA fixed the aim to project a force comprising four combat companies (1,400 men, 280 vehicles, and 30 helicopters) for ten days, in a 100-kilometre (62 mi)-deep sector; this force should be able to intervene either anywhere within 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) of 5162: 1219: 5197: 1484: 2029:-class ships (and an option for two more) from France for €1.37 billion (€720 million for the 1st ship; €650 million for the second). The first ship was expected to be delivered in late 2014 or early 2015; Russia made an advance payment in early 2011 pursuant to 25 January 2011 memorandum of understanding between the two parties. On 25 January 2011, the final agreement between Russia and France was signed. 1511: 1499: 2006: 5120: 103: 1994:, the first ship would be entirely built and assembled in France from 2013, the second would also be built in France, delivered in 2015, but with a higher proportion of Russian components. Two more would be built in Russia by a DCNS/Russian United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) joint-venture. On 1 November 2010, Russia's USC and France's DCNS and STX France signed an agreement to form a 1042: 5523: 1566: 2220:, South Africa. Compared to the full-sized ship's 21,500 tons displacement and 199 m (653 ft) length with six helicopter landing spots, the 140 would have a displacement of 14,000 tons, 170 m (560 ft) long with five helicopter landing spots. It would be 30 m (98 ft) wide with a range of 6,000 nmi (6,900 mi; 11,000 km) at 15 knots. 797: 1618:-class ships are comparable in comfort levels to passenger cabins aboard contemporary cruise ships. Each of the fifteen officers have an individual cabin. Senior non-commissioned officers share two-man cabins, while junior crew and embarked troops use four- or six-person cabins. Conditions in these accommodation areas are said to be better than in most barracks of the 678:), another on the starboard side, one in the centre of the flight deck, and one forward of the island superstructure. These were later reduced in number and relocated: a main lift towards the aft of the ship was originally located to starboard but then moved to centre, and an auxiliary lift behind the island superstructure. Concept drawings and descriptions created by 943: 889: 1665: 44: 1250: 661: 2239:, along with a crane positioned amidships behind the superstructure. The hangar deck would have space for ten helicopters, with a 400 m joint operations centre for a command staff. There would be accommodation for about 500 troops as well as over 30 vehicles and a 30-bed hospital. Propulsion would be provided by two 2111:

purchase over domestic producers was that Russia required an unacceptable delay of ten years to develop the technologies needed. In March 2011, the deal stalled on Russian demands for sensitive NATO technologies to be included with the ships. In April 2011, the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev fired

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of each ship is approximately 6,400 square metres (69,000 sq ft). The deck has six helicopter landing spots, one of which is capable of supporting a 33-tonne helicopter. The 1,800-square-metre (19,000 sq ft) hangar deck can hold 16 helicopters, and includes a maintenance area with

2155:

contract was considered to be "phase three"; Fabius noted that cancelling would damage France's economy. In May 2014, Paris had guaranteed the two ships' completion. In November 2014, the Hollande government placed a hold on the first delivery to Russia and set two conditions: a ceasefire in Ukraine

2102:

helicopters. In 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin stated that the ships would not be able to operate in Russia's climate, and required a grade of diesel fuel not produced in Russia. Russian General Staff General Nikolai Makarov announced that the first ship would be deployed to the Russian

2254:

vessels. Roles listed include humanitarian and peacekeeping operations, crisis management, force protection, joint headquarters command, medical and logistics support and transport of military forces. The company is pitching the ship to countries less likely to engage in combat operations which

1899:

represented a total investment of $ 2.6 billion. Canada had also pursued the two former Russian vessels, and Canada's defence minister held a face to face exchange at the NATO Ministerial in June 2015. Canada's attempt to purchase Mistral ship was dropped due to budgetary constraints. As of late

649:

class. The BIP-19 included a 190-metre (620 ft) long flush deck, with a 26.5-metre (87 ft) beam, a draught of 6.5 metres (21 ft), and a displacement of 19,000 tonnes; dimensions which exceeded the requirements of the NTCD concept. Three smaller ship designs were also revealed,

2058:

told French officials that the US was "concerned"; however, accompanying US officials said there is little the US could do to block the deal, and that it "did not pose a major problem." The same day, the deal was granted by France's DGA. It was the first major arms deal between Russia and a

1053:

The flight and hangar decks are connected by two aircraft lifts, each capable of lifting 13 tonnes. The 225-square-metre (2,420 sq ft) main lift is located near the stern of the ship, on the centreline, and is large enough for helicopters to be moved with their rotors in flight

2164:, as saying "Russia won't take them, it's an accomplished fact. Now there's only one discussion—concerning the money sum that should be returned to Russia." On 5 August 2015 it was announced that France shall return Russia's partial payments and keep the two ships intended for Russia. 1581:. The thrusters are powered by electricity from five 16-cylinder Wärtsilä 16V32 diesel alternators, and can be oriented in any angle. This propulsion technology gives the ships significant manoeuvering capabilities, as well as freeing up space normally reserved for propeller shafts. 650:

basically scaled-down BIP-19 versions, with a common beam of 23 metres (75 ft): BIP-13 (13,000 tonnes, 151 metres (495 ft)), BIP-10 (10,000 tonnes, 125 metres (410 ft)), and BIP-8 (8,000 tonnes, 102 metres (335 ft)). BIP-8 incorporated features of the Italian

2054:, introduced a resolution that "France and other member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union should decline to sell major weapons systems or offensive military equipment to the Russian Federation." On 8 February 2010, Defense Secretary 3689: 4124:"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that France and other member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union should decline to sell major weapons systems or offensive military equipment to the Russian Federation" 1803:, which was operating in the East Asia area at the time, loaded humanitarian aid supplies, and sailed to Burma. The ship was refused entry to the nation's ports; the 1,000 tons of humanitarian supplies had to be unloaded in Thailand and handed over to the 808:

The ships were constructed at various locations in two major and several minor components and united on completion. DCN, the head of construction and responsible for 60% of the value of construction and 55% of the work time, assembled the engines in

1533:

equivalent to the field hospital of an Army division or army corps, or to the hospital of a 25,000-inhabitant city, complete with dentistry, diagnostics, specialist surgical and medical capabilities, food hygiene and psychological capabilities. A

1986:, suggested Russia planned to purchase one ship and intended to later construct three further ships in Russia. In February 2010, he said that construction would start sometime after 2015 and would be a joint effort with France. French President 1176:

can accommodate four landing craft. The ships are capable of operating two LCAC hovercraft, and although the French Navy appears to have no intention of purchasing any LCACs, this capability improves the class' ability to interoperate with the

829:

of South Korea, constructed the forward halves of each ship in Saint-Nazaire, and was responsible for transporting them to DCN's Brest shipyard for final assembly. Other companies were involved in the construction: some work was outsourced to

1649:, which allows them to take part in a Combined Joint Task Force. France provided forces to NRF-8 in January 2007, including a Commander Amphibious Task Force and eight ships. The next contribution took place in January 2008 in NRF-10, after 3900: 3368: 876:

s were built in Saint-Nazaire by STX France, which is jointly owned by STX Europe, Alstom and the French government, with STX Europe having a majority stake. DCNS will provide the combat system. The Russian ships' sterns were built in

3847: 1857:

type has been promoted for export. The "BPC family" comprises the BPC 140 (13,500 tonnes), the BPC 160 (16,700 tonnes) and the BPC 250 (24,542 tonnes, 214.5 metres (704 ft) long). The BPC 250 was the design from which the final

793:, revealing that in strong crosswinds, the ship's height and elongated superstructures created turbulence along the flight deck. The design was altered to minimise the effects and provide better conditions for helicopter operations. 2542: 2156:

and a political agreement between Moscow and Kyiv. In December 2014, Russia gave the French government a choice to deliver the two ships or refund the $ 1.53 billion purchase price. On 26 May 2015, Russian news agencies quoted

1281:-class ships can be used as command and control ships, with a 850-square-metre (9,100 sq ft) command centre which can host up to 150 personnel. Information from the ship's sensors is centralised in the SENIT system ( 1289:(NTDS). Problems in the development of the SENIT 9 revision contributed to the one-year delay in the delivery of the two ships. SENIT 9 is based around Thales' tri-dimensional MRR3D-NG Multi Role Radar, which operates on the 3570: 4423: 591:

The CNOA was to assert the French Navy's capability to perform amphibious assaults, withdrawals, demonstrations, and raids. This would allow the French Navy to further integrate into the doctrinal frameworks described by

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supplied radars and communications systems. Each ship was predicted to take 34 months to complete, with design and construction for both costing 685 million Euros (approximately the same cost for a single ship based on

3628: 1404:

cannot be deployed into hostile waters without sufficient escorting ships. This problem is compounded by the small number of escort ships in the French Navy; there is a five-year gap between the decommissioning of the

3681: 1613:

The space gained by the use of the azimuth thrusters allowed for the construction of accommodation areas where no pipes or machinery are visible. Located in the forward section of the ship, crew cabins aboard

1434:

ships for close-in self-defense. Nexter Systems will deliver two NARWHAL20B guns for each ship, chambered in 20×139mm ammunition, with one gun covering the port bow and the other covering the starboard stern.

4560: 3080: 1153:-class ships can accommodate up to 450 soldiers, although this can be doubled for short-term deployments. The 2,650-square-metre (28,500 sq ft) vehicle hangar can carry a 40-strong Leclerc tank 2845: 5097: 4990: 4908: 960:

was launched on 26 July 2005. Delivery was scheduled for late 2005 and early 2006 respectively, but was postponed for over a year due to issues with the SENIT 9 sensor system and deterioration to the

3892: 3544: 4511: 3360: 3211: 2115: 1983: 1874: 3120: 3839: 1370:-class ships were supported by one of France's chiefs of staff. One suggestion is to upgrade the dual-launching, manual Simbad launchers to quadruple-launching, automatic Tetral launchers. 3946: 975:. Construction began on 18 April 2009 in Saint-Nazaire; the entire ship was built there due to cost constraints. On 17 December 2009, it was announced that this third ship would be named 2550: 1584:

The long-term reliability of azimuth thrusters in military use is yet to be rigorously studied, but the technology has been employed aboard ships in several navies, including the Dutch

996: 968: 4401: 2196:, French Defence Minister, said that Egypt had already paid the whole price for the helicopter carriers. Egypt also purchased the Russian helicopters that were planned for the ships. 4066: 5265: 3574: 4938: 4427: 2091:

stated that "t's a mistake. This is a precedent, when a NATO and EU member sells offensive weaponry to a country whose democracy is not at a level that would make us feel calm."

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The 900 m (9,700 sq ft) hospital provides 20 rooms and 69 hospitalisation beds, of which 7 are fit for intensive care. The two surgery blocks come complete with a

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forecast that two more BPCs would be in French Navy service by 2020. In 2009, a third ship was ordered earlier than expected as part of the French government's response to the

5463: 3632: 1833:

deployed together for a major military exercise incorporating two helicopter groups (with 25 helicopters), an amphibious engagement group and two escort vessels (the frigates

5090: 4003: 1991: 1073:

took place on 9 March 2006. Half of the air group of the BPCs is to be constituted of NH-90s, the other half being composed of Tigre attack helicopters. On 19 April 2007,

1186: 771: 2963: 4349: 4322: 4271: 4244: 2051: 4590: 4552: 1862:-class design was derived: the reduction in length and other modifications were a price-saving exercise. The BPC 250 concept was one of two designs selected for the 5728: 4217: 2661: 1917: 1736: 1360:. Two Breda-Mauser 30 mm/70 guns are also included in the design, though not installed as of 2009. Following the experiences of French naval commanders during 4964: 4687: 3390: 3346: 5083: 5040: 4105: 3019: 5733: 5298: 4458: 3239: 3090: 4986: 4904: 4623: 928:

left Saint-Nazaire under tow on 16 July 2004 and arrived in Brest on 19 July 2004. On 30 July, the combination of the two halves through a process similar to

3711: 987:

in 2010, but it was opposed by some French naval circles because France no longer operated a dedicated training ship (the traditional role of warships named

3742: 1473:

capabilities, as 76 mm and 100 mm guns have been determined to have insufficient range and lethality. The MLRS is in French Army service, using a

3225: 1049:

as seen from the island superstructure. Both lifts can be seen: the main lift at the rear of the ship, and the auxiliary lift on the extreme left of frame.

651: 5050: 3765: 3548: 3128: 5738: 4519: 3456: 3796: 1780:

acted on tip-offs from the European Maritime Analysis Operation Centre – Narcotics, and intercepted 5.7 t (5.6 long tons; 6.3 short tons) of

5333: 1585: 1016: 2841: 2520: 757:, was received on 8 December 2000. A construction contract was published on 22 December and, after getting the public purchase authority's approval ( 5748: 5458: 4303: 2161: 1255: 1190: 4477: 4379: 1557:. 50 medicalised beds are kept in reserve and can be installed in a helicopter hangar to extend the capacity of the hospital in case of emergency. 476:, or a 40-strong Leclerc tank battalion, and 450 soldiers. The ships are equipped with a 69-bed hospital, and are capable of serving as part of a 4198: 4076: 3954: 2112:

the senior Navy official overseeing the talks with France. On 17 June 2011, the two nations signed an agreement for two ships for $ 1.7 billion.

4048: 3430: 2443: 1863: 1366:, the French deployment to aid European citizens in Lebanon during the 2006 war, proposals to improve the self-defence capabilities of the two 5020: 4654: 2976: 2938: 2459: 1599: 1233: 4393: 3869: 2886: 2865: 2631: 3685: 672: 5408: 4171: 984: 4930: 4156: 3596: 3045: 612:

or allies. As well as joint operations with NATO and EU forces, any proposed ship had to be capable of inter-service operations with the

5743: 5468: 2451: 2231:

would have naval guns at the left stern and at the right side of the bow, with heavy machine gun posts on both sides. There would be a

1979: 1592: 1205: 964:

deck covering of the forward sections. They were commissioned into the French Navy on 15 December 2006 and 1 August 2007, respectively.

776: 680: 579: 301: 5060: 3968: 1701: 5646: 5563: 5243: 1120: 801: 572: 133: 4766: 2814: 5291: 1630:-class ships in May 2007, it was claimed that he would have used the same accommodation area to host a crew three times the size of 1218: 1212:

class and they have a payload capacity of 65 to 80 tonnes and a maximum speed of 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) at full load.

2697: 1746: 4800: 3995: 1316:-class ships use the SYRACUSE satellite system, based on French satellites SYRACUSE 3-A and SYRACUSE 3-B which provide 45% of the 4852: 4740: 2033: 1769: 1483: 4131: 2572: 775:(General Delegation for Ordnance, DGA), began to adapt the BIP-19 design. In parallel, the concept was refined by DGA, DCN, the 749:

At Euronaval 1998, France confirmed plans to build vessels based on the BIP-19 concept. Approval for construction of two ships,

4025: 3488: 2788: 2543:"Nexter presenting NARWHAL®, its remotely operated 20mm gun turret, at the Euronaval 2016 trade show between 17 and 21 October" 1896: 1845:). The exercise was designed to permit units of the navy and army to train "in a high intensity setting" for joint operations. 4717: 4533: 3518: 3324: 3158: 3655: 2982: 2772: 601: 4882: 4345: 4318: 4267: 4240: 3253: 2172:

On 7 August 2015, a French diplomatic source confirmed that President Hollande discussed the matter with Egyptian President

1705: 563:

or BIP). At the same time, the French doctrine of amphibious operations was evolving and being defined as the CNOA (French:

4582: 3066: 5416: 4826: 4492: 2748: 4213: 2680: 1054:

configuration. The 120 square metres (1,300 sq ft) auxiliary lift is located aft of the island superstructure.

5654: 5284: 5140: 4960: 4091: 3715: 3398: 3338: 3185: 2324: 2236: 2213: 1294: 762: 498: 5070: 5037: 4678: 5486: 5478: 5147: 5133: 3015: 2348: 2300: 1477:-guided rocket with a range of 70 km (43 mi) and a unitary 90 kg (200 lb) high-explosive warhead. 504: 492: 49: 4450: 567:, "National design for amphibious operations"). The BIP was to renew and increase the amphibious capabilities of the 1990:

favoured the building of the first two ships in France and only the second two in Russia. According to Moscow-based

5584: 5358: 4614: 3278: 1975: 1417: 1286: 1178: 924:

on 23 October 2003. The two aft sections were assembled side by side in the same dry dock. The forward section of

3719: 1788:

on 29 January, and 3.2 t (3.1 long tons; 3.5 short tons) from a cargo ship 300 kilometres (160 nmi) off

5532: 3734: 1498: 723: 31: 3893:"Canada was actively pursuing possible purchase of Mistral-class ships – initiative on hold because of election" 1320:

secured communications of NATO. From 18 to 24 June 2007, a secure video conference was held twice a day between

5693: 5688: 5628: 5366: 1948: 713: 5636: 5387: 5316: 2603: 1115:

Gilles Humeau, the size of the flight and hangar decks would allow the operation of up to thirty helicopters.

1057:

Every helicopter operated by the French military is capable of flying from these ships. On 8 February 2005, a

3463: 3361:"Marine Nationale : 12 canons multitubes M134 Dillon ont été livrés. Les tourelles téléopérées arrivent" 1510: 5537: 5429: 4071: 3816: 2148: 1840: 1740: 1357: 1158: 445: 407: 196: 5210: 5175: 5015:]. Collection Navires et Histoire des Marines du Mond; 35 (in French). Le Vigen, France: Lela Presse. 3922:

Henrotin, Joseph (July 2006). "Les outsiders de la puissance aéronavale : une prospective à 10 ans".

2849: 2516: 2379: 2044: 1035: 525: 382: 4293: 5601: 5555: 5353: 4473: 4371: 1972: 1870: 1834: 1619: 1427: 1413: 1406: 1098: 684:(DCN), one of the two shipbuilders involved, showed several aircraft carrier-like features, including a 585: 1034:

an overhead crane. To aid launch and recovery, a DRBN-38A Decca Bridgemaster E250 landing radar and an

4190: 1784:: 2.5 t (2.5 long tons; 2.8 short tons) from a fishing vessel 520 kilometres (280 nmi) from 5504: 4175: 3000: 2250:

as "a political tool for civilian and military action" for countries that cannot afford the standard

2173: 2157: 2036: 1731: 1535: 1362: 1317: 1074: 991:) and now rotated the training role between multiple ships in the fleet. The possibility of a fourth 972: 521: 3418: 1928:

could in time consider purchasing BPCs, but in the end Turkey also chose a derivative of Navantia's

5680: 5496: 4553:"Mistral : l'Arabie saoudite et l'Egypte " sont prêtes à tout pour acheter les deux navires "" 4127: 4119: 4100: 2140: 2072: 2047: 1884: 1646: 1134: 1090: 1078: 645:

nuclear helicopter carrier, were revealed. The largest design, BIP-19, was the future basis of the

605: 531: 477: 17: 5055: 4646: 250: 5670: 5222: 5182: 4151: 3969:"Escale du "Tonnerre" Bâtiment de projection et de commandement en Algérie, le 9 et 10 juin 2008" 3877: 2897: 2862: 2409: 2256: 2193: 1819: 1804: 1692:. These ships were to protect, and if necessary evacuate, French citizens in Lebanon and Israel. 1623: 1470: 1389: 1341: 1082: 705: 449: 395: 2731: 1270: 671:

At the design stage, the NTCD concept featured an aircraft lift on the port side (like the U.S.

4146: 1743:. Gazelle and Cougar helicopters of the French Air Force operated from the ship during 9 July. 1461:

In December 2014, the French Navy awarded a contract to Airbus to study the integration of the

1336: 730:

review concluded that STOBAR aircraft were outside the CNOA's scope, requiring design changes.

538:

announced that France would refund payments and keep the two ships; the two ships were sold to

5703: 5547: 5016: 3927: 3808: 3603: 3298: 3033: 2972: 2944: 2934: 2727: 2672: 2189: 2132: 2088: 1754: 1678: 1650: 1062: 700:

B fighters), four or five helicopter landing spots (including one strengthened to accommodate

613: 2188:

s for roughly 950 million euros, including the costs of training Egyptian crews. Speaking on

737:(PHI, for "intervention helicopter carrier") in December 2001, before being eventually named 5325: 3972: 2483: 2240: 2068: 1578: 1385: 878: 826: 693: 685: 514: 465: 262: 4849:"Второй вертолетоносец типа "Мистраль" для России будет спущен на воду в октябре 2014 года" 4026:"La construction en Russie de navires de type Mistral possible d'ici 5-10 ans (Etat-major)" 1396:-class ships considered under-equipped for self-defence in such a situation. Consequently, 1146:

off the coast of North Carolina, US for Composite Training Unit Exercise (7 February 2009).

5618: 5044: 4744: 2869: 2818: 2776: 2022: 2018: 1987: 1550: 1353: 882: 847: 840: 609: 520:

on 24 December 2010, and signed on 25 January 2011. On 3 September 2014, French President

517: 375: 5075: 1208:. These landing craft began delivery in 2021. Eight are envisaged for operation from the 2708: 1249: 5610: 4792: 4214:"Baltic states fault France's warship deal with Russia | Navy News at DefenseTalk" 4052: 2177: 2144: 1921: 1811: 1796: 1773: 1325: 814: 556: 535: 485: 481: 246: 81: 4848: 2184:. Subsequently, Egypt and France concluded the deal to acquire the two former Russian 1450:

each; intended for close-in self-defence against asymmetric threats faced during anti-

1169:

tanks, in the significantly smaller 1,000-square-metre (11,000 sq ft) deck.

5722: 5698: 5450: 5400: 5202: 4123: 3391:"French Navy Looking to Deploy Army MLRS from LHDs for Coastal Fire Support Missions" 3085: 2104: 1998:, including technology transfer, the USC president stated that it was linked to the 1940: 1290: 1058: 818: 766: 727: 719: 469: 121: 4033: 3496: 2792: 1015:

are the largest ships in the French Navy after the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier

5167: 5065: 4961:"DCNS launch Vladivostok, Russian Navy's first Mistral class LHD(Navy recognition)" 4709: 4537: 3530: 3316: 3290: 3150: 2136: 2064: 2055: 2005: 1944: 1925: 1708:. Four helicopters were also loaded aboard, with another two joining the ship near 1447: 1285:, "System for Naval Usage of Tactical Information"), a derivative of the US Navy's 939:

s forward section arrived in Brest on 2 May 2005 and underwent the same procedure.

929: 835: 510: 473: 325: 3659: 2769: 2255:

need something more like a multi-role support or logistics ship, particularly the

1297:

capabilities. SENIT 9 can also be connected to NATO data exchange formats through

30:

This article is about the amphibious assault ship. For the cruise ship class, see

4874: 3257: 2617: 2580: 2484:"Projet de loi de finances pour 2013 : Défense : équipement des forces" 2462:– Russia's future landing helicopter dock, a replacement for the two undelivered 2243:

and a bow thruster, probably an all-electric propulsion system like the BPC 210.

5308: 5125: 4029: 2040: 1933: 1909: 1901: 1892: 1725:

s maiden voyage occurred between 10 April and 24 July 2007. During this voyage,

1546: 1424: 1139: 1030: 790: 701: 617: 568: 108: 5276: 4822: 3106:

Véronique Sartini, "Entretien avec le capitaine de vaisseau Gilles Humeau", in

2744: 1538:-based telemedicine system allows complex specialised surgery to be performed. 1041: 908:

on 13 December. Chantiers de l'Atlantique laid the keel of the forward part of

1995: 1565: 1554: 1182: 822: 441: 314:

Landing Craft Air Cushion (2 could be carried but not acquired by French Navy)

86: 3931: 3812: 3302: 2948: 2676: 2043:, complained to the French ambassador in Washington about the proposed sale; 1904:

has been working closely with the Polish Ministry of Defense to purchase one

5345: 3240:"French Navy EDA-S landing craft successfully conclude end-user evaluations" 2232: 2076: 1956: 1697: 1658: 1542: 1455: 1381: 1374: 1258: 1193: 1173: 1154: 831: 709: 3766:"Two French LHDs And 25 Helicopters Take Part In Large Amphibious Exercise" 3226:"First Two EDA-S Next Gen Amphibious Landing Craft Delivered to French DGA" 3081:"Le troisième BPC de la Marine sera-t-il la nouvelle "Jeanne d'Arc" ?" 1688:

was one of four French ships deployed to the waters off Lebanon as part of

942: 888: 796: 3339:"Nexter NARWAHL 20mm RWS Fitted on French Navy Mistral Class LHD Dixmude" 2217: 2181: 1952: 1818:

would be deployed with attack helicopters to the Libyan coast to enforce

1785: 1070: 961: 817:, and the rear half of the ship, including the island superstructure, in 3797:"Capability of First Resort?: Australia's future amphibious requirement" 3547:(in French). French Ministry of Defence. 26 October 2009. Archived from 3182:"La DGA notifie l'acquisition d'engins de débarquement amphibie rapides" 2707:(in French) (33). Ministère de la Défense: 7. March 2006. Archived from 2094:

Some design changes were needed, such as for compatibility with Russian

1664: 43: 5379: 4512:"Entretien téléphonique avec M. Vladimir Poutine - accords sur les BPC" 3996:"France Russia Mistral Ships Update: Malaysia To Buy Aircraft Carrier?" 3682:"Tropical Cyclone Nargis : French humanitarian aid (May 29, 2008)" 2235:

in the stern for landing craft, and two alcoves on each side to launch

2084: 1789: 1781: 1654: 1439:

was the first of the vessels outfitted with the cannons in March 2016.

1306: 1302: 1298: 1126:, for roughly 40% the cost and crew requirements of the American ship. 1094: 810: 779:

and Chantiers de l'Atlantique. During the design validation process, a

660: 401: 283:

10,800 km (5,800 nmi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)

4875:"Egypt warship: First French-made Mistral ship handed over - BBC News" 3545:"Le Service de Recrutement de la Marine en Seminaire a bord du Mistal" 741:(BPC) to emphasize the amphibious and command aspects of the concept. 5522: 4449:

Stothard, Michael; Thomson, Adam; Hille, Kathrin (26 November 2014).

2080: 1677:

made her maiden voyage from 21 March to 31 May 2006, cruising in the

1451: 1166: 689: 2151:

and the enactment of "phase two" economic sanctions; cancelling the

2017:

On 24 December 2010, after eight months of talks, Russian President

1324:, then sailing from Brazil to South Africa, and VIP visitors at the 4647:"France to sell Egypt two warships previously contracted to Russia" 4534:"Telephone conversation with President of France Francois Hollande" 3212:"French Navy receives two EDA-S Amphibious Standard Landing Crafts" 2933:(111th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. p. 255. 2114: 2107:

if sought. According to Nikolai Makarov, the chief reason for the

2099: 2095: 2004: 1745: 1709: 1663: 1564: 1335: 1269: 1133: 1040: 941: 887: 795: 769:

in September 2001 and, following consultation between DCA and the

659: 642: 539: 4905:"Egypt's Sisi inspects southern naval fleet units at Port Safaga" 4823:"Второй вертолетоносец типа "Мистраль" спущен на воду во Франции" 3971:(Press release) (in French). Government of France. Archived from 3597:"Mistral (L9013) Bâtiment de projection et de commandement (BPC)" 857:-class amphibious ships, which displaced half the tonnage of the 5576: 4493:"Russia no longer wants French-made Mistral helicopter carriers" 2060: 1645:

The BPCs are certified as members of the naval component of the

1462: 697: 593: 461: 147: 5280: 5079: 4793:"Франция закладывает второй корабль типа "Мистраль" для России" 4767:"L'impressionnante montée en puissance de la flotte égyptienne" 4987:"Egypt to receive second Mistral helicopter carrier on Friday" 4583:"Egypt, Saudi Arabia 'desperate' to purchase Mistral warships" 1474: 456:

or BPC) and "porte-hélicoptères amphibie" (PHA) since 2019, a

286:

19,800 kilometres (10,700 nmi) at 15 knots (28 km/h)

2971:. New York: Odile Jacob Publishing Corporation. p. 336. 2698:"BPC Classe Mistral: Fer de Lance de la Projection de Forces" 534:. On 5 August 2015, President Hollande and Russian president 524:

announced the postponement of delivery of the first warship,

452:, and referred to as "projection and command ships" (French: 1799:

struck Burma; the worst natural disaster to hit the region.

765:

in late July. An engineering design team was established at

491:

Three ships of the class are in service in the French Navy:

4645:

Cullinane, Susannah; Martel, Noisette (23 September 2015).

4394:"France May Scrap Russian Warship Deal over Ukraine Crisis" 4241:"French Warship for Russia 'Won't Work in Cold' - Minister" 3947:"Premiers détails sur la vente de quatre FREMM à l'Algérie" 3279:

Brève du ministère de la Défense français du 3 juillet 2007

2204:

DCNS unveiled a model of a smaller version of the standard

1853:

Since 1997, and particularly since the Euronaval 2007, the

900:

DCN laid the keels for the aft part of both ships in 2002;

628:

The studies for a multi-purpose intervention ship (French:

336:

450 troops (or 250 troops plus a military staff of 200 men)

3151:"Essais d'enradiage de LCAC réussis pour le BPC Tonnerre" 2618:"Ukraine crisis: France halts warship delivery to Russia" 2176:

during his visit to Egypt during the inauguration of the

1344:, not presently installed. Another turret is planned aft. 4268:"No Fuel in Russia For French-Built Warship - Deputy PM" 4049:"Russia $ 12 Billion Arms Spree May Benefit DCNS, Iveco" 2660:

Credat, Arnault (April 2005). Veyrat, Jean-Marie (ed.).

1373:

Incidents such as the near-loss of the Israeli corvette

1283:

Système d'Exploitation Navale des Informations Tactiques

1165:-class ships can carry up to 100 vehicles, including 22 997:

2013 French White Paper on Defence and National Security

969:

2008 French White Paper on Defence and National Security

460:-class ship is capable of transporting and deploying 16 5013:

All the Aircraft Carriers of France: From 1912 to Today

3840:"DCNS propose la frégate Fremm et le Mistral au Canada" 3629:"BPC : Bâtiments de Projection et de Commandement" 3602:(in French). French Ministry of Defence. Archived from 3573:(in French). French Ministry of Defence. Archived from 2965:

The French White Paper on Defence and National Security

2846:

Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales

2602:

de la Baume, Maïa; Gladstone, Rick (3 September 2014).

1274:

The island superstructure, as seen from the flight deck

559:

started a study for a multi-purpose intervention ship (

5009:

Tous les porte-aéronefs en France: de 1912 à nos jours

3712:"Myanmar: the Mistral unloads its freight in Thailand" 3571:"Le Bâtiment de Projection et de Commandement Mistral" 1352:-class ships were armed with two Simbad launchers for 1097:

landed on her reinforced helicopter spot off the U.S.

5266:

List of amphibious warfare vessels of the French Navy

3735:"Apache helicopters to be sent into Libya by Britain" 920:

was put in a dry dock on 26 August 2003, and that of

657:

amphibious transports, but with a helicopter hangar.

4474:"Russia to France: Give Us the Mistrals or a Refund" 4451:"France Suspends Mistral Warship Delivery to Russia" 4172:"France, U.S. Discuss Russian Mistral Carrier Query" 3317:"Améliorer l'autoprotection des BPC du type Mistral" 1661:. The forces can be set up on 5 to 30 days' notice. 1577:

class are the first ships of the French Navy to use

1200:

class. The EDA-S Amphibious Standard Landing Craft (

979:. It had been suggested to use the historic name of 635:

In 1997, several common ship designs referred to as

5679: 5663: 5645: 5627: 5609: 5600: 5575: 5546: 5531: 5495: 5477: 5449: 5428: 5399: 5378: 5344: 5324: 5315: 5193: 5158: 5116: 4346:"Russia signs $ 1.7 bln deal for 2 French warships" 4147:"Gates Voices Concern About Warship Sale to Russia" 3016:"France Orders Third Projection and Command Vessel" 1696:embarked 650 soldiers and 85 vehicles, including 5 1657:and the SECSAT system which operationally controls 1388:have shown the vulnerability of modern warships to 853:, and approximately the same cost as the preceding 4677: 4613: 4491: 3656:"French Navy validates the BPC concept in Lebanon" 2789:"Avis du Sénat français no 90 du 22 novembre 2001" 1992:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies 1891:ships. The two Canadian ships were to be built by 1529:Each ship carries a NATO Role 3 medical facility, 956:was launched on schedule on 6 October 2004, while 344:20 officers, 80 petty officers, 60 quarter-masters 4931:"France Floats Out First Russian Mistral Warship" 4679:"AAD2014: DCNS markets the Mistral 140 in Africa" 4319:"Mistral talks stumble over sensitive technology" 3293:(September–October 2007). "L'opération Baliste". 2103:Pacific Fleet, and could transport troops to the 2087:protested the deal; Lithuania's Defence Minister 1912:has also expressed interest in the design of the 1442:In late 2013, the French Navy equipped all three 1412:and the commissioning of their replacements, the 356:DRBN-38A Decca Bridgemaster E250 navigation radar 3121:"The Mistral Amphib is a Goldmine of Good Ideas" 3034:"Le 3ème BPC de la Marine nationale s'appellera 2604:"France Postpones Delivery of Warship to Russia" 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2052:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs 761:, UGAP) on 13 July 2001, was awarded to DCN and 551:French doctrine of amphibious operations in 1997 4191:"As Its Arms Makers Falter, Russia Buys Abroad" 3001:"French Detail New Orders, Procurement Changes" 2662:"The national concept of amphibious operations" 2486:(in French). Senate of France. 22 November 2012 4615:"France to Sell Two Mistral Warships to Egypt" 1943:is also considering the purchase of two BPCs. 253:auxiliary diesel-alternator 18V200 (3 MW) 5292: 5091: 3450: 3448: 3067:Après le Mistral et le Tonnerre, le «Dixmude» 1684:Following the start of the 2006 Lebanon War, 1569:Two of the Wärtsilä 16 V32 diesel alternators 1191:EDA-R (Engin de débarquement amphibie rapide) 1172:The 885-square-metre (9,530 sq ft) 800:Comparison between the BPC and the preceding 638:nouveau transport de chalands de débarquement 8: 3876:(in French). 7 December 2010. Archived from 3519:"Démonstration des moyens satellites du BPC 3457:"Mistral: a new concept of medical platform" 3412: 3410: 3408: 1873:. The design finally chosen was the Spanish 1768:was involved in the Corymbe 92 mission (see 1735:, the French co-deploying complement to the 1119:aviation capabilities approach those of the 995:-class ship was officially abandoned in the 636: 249:diesel-alternators 16 V32 (6.2 MW) + 1 4536:. kremlin.ru. 5 August 2015. Archived from 3870:"Le Canada s'intéresse aux Mistral de DCNS" 2632:"France Says Egypt To Buy Mistral Warships" 1622:, and when United States Navy vice-admiral 1423:In late 2011, the French Navy selected the 1202:Engins de Débarquement Amphibie – Standards 1021:, for roughly the same height above water. 5606: 5543: 5321: 5299: 5285: 5277: 5098: 5084: 5076: 3102: 3100: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2013:sale to Russia at Saint-Nazaire, June 2014 1959:also reportedly expressed interest in the 454:bâtiments de projection et de commandement 4067:"Russia to purchase four French warships" 3807:. Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 3529:(in French). 12 June 2007. Archived from 3079:Merchet, Jean-Dominique (17 April 2009). 2638:. Agence France-Presse. 23 September 2015 2131:sale was put on hold by French President 1737:United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire 861:class and took 46.5 months to complete). 789:th scale model was built and tested in a 739:Bâtiment de projection et de commandement 565:Concept national des opérations amphibies 265:(2 × 7 MW), 2 five-bladed propellers 4424:"Russia; France guarantees Mistral deal" 3790: 3788: 3786: 2368: 2289: 2266: 2227:that have not yet come to fruition, the 1358:12.7 mm M2-HB Browning machine guns 4993:from the original on 16 September 2016. 2815:"Histoire du BPC Mistral (2000 - 2006)" 2475: 2075:turbojet engines in 1947. NATO members 1887:showed "strong interest" in buying two 1553:, and that can be fitted with a mobile 1479: 1214: 1204:) were subsequently ordered to replace 1189:ordered eight French-designed 59-tonne 328:) or a 40-strong Leclerc tank battalion 5729:Mistral-class amphibious assault ships 4741:"Histoire du BPC Dixmude (2008 - ...)" 4657:from the original on 26 September 2015 4563:from the original on 25 September 2015 4480:from the original on 20 December 2014. 4461:from the original on 28 November 2014. 4352:from the original on 21 September 2014 4306:from the original on 28 December 2010. 4274:from the original on 24 September 2015 4108:from the original on 27 December 2016. 3733:Norton-Taylor, Richard (23 May 2011). 3327:from the original on 14 February 2012. 3110:(ISSN 1772-788X), no 19 (October 2006) 2863:Marines : Mistral Shows Up LPD 17 2655: 2653: 2147:evaluated the deal in response to the 1243:, with the well deck door and elevator 1224:Two landing craft in the well deck of 1161:and 46 other vehicles. By comparison, 916:later. The first block of the rear of 759:Union des groupements d'achats publics 273:18.8 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) 38: 5051:Le BPC, un navire nouvelle génération 4885:from the original on 1 September 2018 4720:from the original on 26 December 2010 4612:Dalton, Matthew (23 September 2015). 4325:from the original on 7 September 2014 4134:from the original on 10 January 2016. 4092:"Critics say proposed sale of French 3924:Défense & Sécurité Internationale 3903:from the original on 11 February 2018 3891:Pugliese, David (20 September 2015). 3764:Vavasseur, Xavier (13 October 2021). 3455:Sicard, B.; Perrichot, C.; Tymen, R. 3433:from the original on 10 November 2014 3295:Défense & Sécurité Internationale 3161:from the original on 25 February 2012 3108:Défense & Sécurité Internationale 3048:from the original on 25 February 2012 2460:Project 23900 amphibious assault ship 1895:, with an option to buy a third. The 983:following the decommissioning of the 641:(NTCD), loosely based on the aborted 571:, which at the time consisted of two 7: 5734:Amphibious warfare vessels of France 4967:from the original on 19 October 2013 4941:from the original on 30 October 2014 4855:from the original on 8 November 2014 4803:from the original on 6 November 2014 4690:from the original on 10 January 2016 4626:from the original on 9 February 2017 4382:from the original on 29 August 2017. 4247:from the original on 9 November 2014 3745:from the original on 2 December 2016 3686:Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) 3022:from the original on 3 January 2010. 2751:from the original on 8 November 2014 2499:cost France €451.6m at FY2012 prices 1463:Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) 1384:-fired anti-ship missile during the 4716:. Mer et Marine. 20 December 2010. 4298:[French will come by sea]. 4075:. 21 September 2010. Archived from 4006:from the original on 3 October 2015 3850:from the original on 9 October 2015 3692:from the original on 3 October 2012 3349:from the original on 19 March 2016. 1489:One of the two SIMBAD launchers of 772:Délégation Générale pour l'Armement 681:Direction des Constructions Navales 221:199 m (652 ft 11 in) 27:French warship class (2005–present) 18:Mistral class landing platform dock 4829:from the original on 7 August 2015 4773:from the original on 19 April 2016 4593:from the original on 7 August 2015 4404:from the original on 2 August 2014 4032:. 17 February 2010. Archived from 2523:from the original on 14 March 2011 1469:s. This is to increase the ships' 630:bâtiment d'intervention polyvalent 561:bâtiment d'intervention polyvalent 307:EDA-R/S Amphibious Landing Craft ( 25: 5739:Amphibious warfare vessel classes 4220:from the original on 6 April 2012 4201:from the original on 16 May 2018. 4174:. defensenews.com. Archived from 3397:. 21 January 2016. Archived from 3371:from the original on 31 July 2017 2999:Pierre, Tran (18 December 2008). 2671:(36). Metz: Ministry of Defence. 1772:), a humanitarian mission in the 735:Porte-hélicoptères d'intervention 472:, up to 70 vehicles including 13 359:MRR3D-NG air/surface sentry radar 311:models being delivered from 2021) 237:6.3 m (20 ft 8 in) 229:32 m (105 ft 0 in) 5521: 5195: 5160: 5118: 5038:Mistral class (Navy recognition) 4911:from the original on 11 May 2017 4551:Sallon, Hélène (7 August 2015). 4472:LaGrone, Sam (8 December 2014). 4302:(in Russian). 27 December 2010. 4189:Kramer, Andrew (12 March 2010). 4170:Tran, Pierre (8 February 2010). 4159:from the original on 4 May 2017. 4145:Shanker, Tom (8 February 2010). 4096:ship to Russia will harm region" 4090:Cody, Edward (2 February 2010). 2887:"Découpe de la première tôle du 2223:Like the original plans for the 1770:Standing French Navy Deployments 1509: 1497: 1482: 1248: 1232: 1217: 419:16 heavy or 35 light helicopters 302:chaland de transport de matériel 114: 101: 42: 5749:Ship classes of the French Navy 5110:-class amphibious assault ships 4047:Arkhipov, Ilya (11 June 2010). 3994:McHugh, Jess (26 August 2015). 3838:Cabirol, Michel (31 May 2012). 2931:Jane's Fighting Ships 2008-2009 2929:Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2008). 2840:Michaut, Cécile (1 June 2007). 1876:Buque de Proyección Estratégica 1867:-class amphibious warfare ships 1124:-class amphibious assault ships 1007:Based on displacement tonnage, 985:helicopter cruiser of that name 892:Arrival of the forward part of 509:. A deal for two ships for the 448:built by France. Also known as 362:2 optronic fire control systems 5664:Transport & communications 5441:-class amphibious assault ship 3658:. Sea And Navy. Archived from 2705:Bulletin d'études de la Marine 2517:"Mistral Construction Program" 2455:-class amphibious assault ship 2447:-class landing helicopter dock 2162:Military Industrial Commission 1814:announced on 23 May 2011 that 1157:, or a 13-strong Leclerc tank 602:European Amphibious Initiative 211:21,500 tonnes (full load) 1: 4710:"Saint-Nazaire : Le BPC 3718:. 27 May 2008. Archived from 3489:"Chapter 16: Medical Support" 3180:Bruno Daffix (15 June 2009). 2606:. The New York Times Company. 2237:rigid-hulled inflatable boats 973:recession which began in 2008 54:in Jounieh Bay, Lebanon 2012. 4000:International Business Times 3945:Guisnel, Jean (7 May 2008). 3795:Borgu, Aldo (23 July 2004). 3716:Minister of Defence (France) 3186:Ministry of Defence (France) 3014:DCNS, Tran (17 April 2009). 2962:Mallet, Jean-Claude (2008). 2745:"Navy painter André Lambert" 2214:Africa Aerospace and Defence 2141:Russian annexation of Crimea 2050:, the top Republican on the 1869:, to be constructed for the 1504:An uncovered SIMBAD launcher 1111:s first commanding officer, 832:Gdańska Stocznia "Remontowa" 5487:Tripartite-class minehunter 4518:(in French). Archived from 3323:(in French). 29 June 2007. 2139:of Russia over the illegal 1825:In September/October 2021, 912:on 28 January 2003, and of 712:capable of accommodating a 598:Allied Tactical Publication 5765: 5744:Helicopter carrier classes 5430:Amphibious assault vessels 5049:French Marine Nationale - 4739:Jean-Michel Roche (2012). 2842:"Air streams on the water" 2725:Terre information magazine 2143:. French foreign minister 2032:In the United States, six 1776:. During this deployment, 1716:evacuated 1,375 refugees. 1287:Naval Tactical Data System 1266:Command and communications 1179:United States Marine Corps 777:Chief of the Defence Staff 610:French oversea territories 427:6 helicopter landing spots 408:M2HB Browning machine guns 324:70 vehicles (including 13 208:16,500 tonnes (empty) 29: 5518: 5261: 5238: 2212:in September 2014 at the 2021:approved the purchase by 1918:Multi-Role Support Vessel 1712:. During her deployment, 1653:Noble Midas which tested 1069:. The first landing of a 1003:Features and capabilities 868:, the rest of the French 763:Chantiers de l'Atlantique 187: 151:451.6 million (2012) 59: 41: 32:Mistral-class cruise ship 4294: 2620:. BBC. 3 September 2014. 2246:DCNS is advertising the 1949:the United Arab Emirates 1810:French Foreign Minister 1312:For communications, the 896:in Brest on 19 July 2004 624:Evolution of the concept 446:amphibious assault ships 5538:Strategic Oceanic Force 4620:The Wall Street Journal 4072:Deutsche Presse-Agentur 3493:NATO Logistics Handbook 3254:"Présentation du SENIT" 2127:In September 2014, the 1760:off West Africa in 2013 1545:room providing digital 1340:Emplacement of the bow 1196:for operation from the 949:shortly after launching 745:Design and construction 197:Amphibious assault ship 188:General characteristics 159:December 2005 – present 5647:Airborne early warning 4714:transféré au bassin C" 3462:. NATO. Archived from 3417:Mackenzie, Christina. 2775:15 August 2004 at the 2519:. Globalsecurity.org. 2124: 2014: 2009:A protest against the 1878:-class amphibious ship 1764:At the start of 2008, 1761: 1681:and the Indian Ocean. 1671: 1570: 1345: 1275: 1147: 1085:helicopters landed on 1050: 1036:optical landing system 950: 897: 872:s and the two Russian 805: 668: 637: 629: 586:landing platform docks 564: 513:was announced by then 488:peace-keeping forces. 453: 261:2 Rolls-Royce Mermaid 5354:Horizon-class frigate 5043:19 April 2016 at the 5007:Moulin, Jean (2020). 4295:Французы придут морем 3654:Groizeleau, Vincent. 3379:– via Scoop.it. 3069:, Ministry of Defence 2160:, deputy head of the 2118: 2008: 1984:Russian General Staff 1871:Royal Australian Navy 1749: 1667: 1626:inspected one of the 1620:French Foreign Legion 1568: 1428:remote weapon station 1339: 1273: 1137: 1113:Capitaine de vaisseau 1099:Naval Station Norfolk 1044: 945: 932:began in dock no. 9. 891: 799: 733:The NTCD was renamed 706:CH-53E Super Stallion 663: 532:Russia–Ukraine crisis 530:, in response to the 5611:Fighter & attack 5420:-class patrol vessel 5380:Frigates (2nd class) 5346:Frigates (1st class) 4825:. 20 November 2014. 4178:on 8 September 2012. 4122:(16 December 2009). 4120:Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana 4036:on 21 February 2010. 3533:on 13 February 2008. 3523:au salon du Bourget" 3260:on 14 September 2014 2734:, no. 184 (May 2007) 2714:on 23 November 2006. 2471:Notes and references 2174:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 1454:operations, such as 1318:Super High Frequency 1142:tank embarks aboard 1138:A U.S. Marine Corps 1130:Amphibious transport 1089:. On 10 May 2007, a 813:, combat systems in 708:helicopters), and a 293:Boats & landing 4963:. 16 October 2013. 4937:. 15 October 2013. 4455:The Financial Times 4430:on 29 November 2014 4372:"Europe and Russia" 4216:. Defencetalk.com. 4128:Library of Congress 4101:The Washington Post 3957:on 8 February 2012. 3722:on 21 October 2020. 3469:on 11 November 2013 3401:on 23 January 2016. 3395:Navyrecognition.com 3343:Navyrecognition.com 3228:. 25 November 2021. 2988:on 6 February 2009. 2903:on 10 November 2014 2868:30 May 2008 at the 2686:on 2 December 2008. 2216:2014 exhibition in 2073:Rolls-Royce Derwent 2048:Ileana Ros-Lehtinen 1885:Royal Canadian Navy 1647:NATO Response Force 1641:Operational history 1598:, and the Canadian 1458:and suicide boats. 1045:The flight deck of 692:aircraft (like the 608:, or in support of 606:Metropolitan France 478:NATO Response Force 450:helicopter carriers 424:Aviation facilities 383:20 mm modèle F2 gun 5479:Minehunter vessels 5410:D'Estienne d'Orves 5317:Naval Action Force 5212:Gamal Abdel Nasser 5056:globalsecurity.org 4907:. 5 January 2017. 4747:on 18 October 2012 4195:The New York Times 4152:The New York Times 4079:on 3 January 2013. 3926:(in French) (17). 3801:Strategic Insights 3635:on 10 January 2016 3551:on 31 October 2009 3192:on 21 October 2020 3093:on 9 October 2009. 2795:on 9 November 2013 2381:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2257:South African Navy 2194:Jean-Yves Le Drian 2149:Crimean referendum 2125: 2067:'s acquisition of 2015: 1820:UN resolution 1973 1805:World Food Program 1762: 1672: 1571: 1471:naval fire support 1390:asymmetric threats 1348:As built, the two 1346: 1342:30 mm Breda-Mauser 1276: 1148: 1061:of the Navy and a 1051: 951: 898: 825:, a subsidiary of 806: 669: 600:8B (ATP8) and the 542:within one month. 468:helicopters, four 396:30 mm Breda-Mauser 351:processing systems 5716: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5596: 5595: 5516: 5515: 5335:Charles de Gaulle 5326:Aircraft carriers 5307:Equipment of the 5274: 5273: 5022:978-2-37468-035-4 4769:. 18 April 2016. 4589:. 7 August 2015. 4540:on 8 August 2015. 4522:on 9 August 2015. 4400:. 18 March 2014. 3345:. 17 March 2016. 3297:(in French) (2). 2978:978-0-9768908-2-9 2940:978-0-7106-2845-9 2669:Objectif Doctrine 2583:on 2 January 2012 2435: 2434: 2428:16 September 2016 2358:17 September 2010 2168:Egyptian purchase 2133:Francois Hollande 2089:Rasa Jukneviciene 1741:Ivorian Civil War 1732:Opération Licorne 1690:Opération Baliste 1579:azimuth thrusters 1363:Opération Baliste 1293:and incorporates 1206:CTM landing craft 1091:MH-53E Sea Dragon 1018:Charles de Gaulle 614:Troupes de Marine 522:François Hollande 431: 430: 406:4 × 12.7 mm 263:azimuth thrusters 16:(Redirected from 5756: 5637:Bréguet Atlantic 5607: 5544: 5533:Submarine Forces 5526: 5525: 5322: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5278: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5077: 5026: 4995: 4994: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4799:. 18 June 2013. 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4743:. Archived from 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4681: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4617: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4579: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4426:. Archived from 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4378:. 3 March 2014. 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4212:France, Agence. 4209: 4203: 4202: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3953:. Archived from 3942: 3936: 3935: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3880:on 30 June 2015. 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3815:. Archived from 3792: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3631:. Archived from 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3608: 3601: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3577:on 21 March 2008 3567: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3495:. Archived from 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3468: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3414: 3403: 3402: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3287: 3281: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3256:. Archived from 3250: 3244: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3188:. Archived from 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3127:. Archived from 3117: 3111: 3104: 3095: 3094: 3089:. Archived from 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3011: 3005: 3004: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2981:. Archived from 2970: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2926: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2902: 2896:. Archived from 2895: 2883: 2877: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2852:on 16 July 2011. 2848:. Archived from 2837: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2821:on 23 March 2014 2817:. Archived from 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2791:. Archived from 2785: 2779: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2741: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2702: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2679:. Archived from 2666: 2657: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2579:. Archived from 2569: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2549:. Archived from 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2513: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2480: 2395:20 November 2014 2361:27 December 2012 2267: 2208:ship called the 2069:Rolls-Royce Nene 1971:In August 2009, 1967:Russian purchase 1782:smuggled cocaine 1729:was involved in 1724: 1636: 1513: 1501: 1486: 1386:2006 Lebanon War 1354:Mistral missiles 1252: 1236: 1221: 1181:and the British 1110: 938: 879:Saint Petersburg 827:STX Shipbuilding 788: 787: 783: 694:AV-8B Harrier II 640: 616:brigades of the 515:French President 416:Aircraft carried 394: 390: 150: 120: 118: 117: 109:Marine Nationale 107: 105: 104: 46: 39: 21: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5754: 5753: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5708: 5675: 5659: 5641: 5623: 5592: 5571: 5535: 5527: 5520: 5512: 5491: 5473: 5445: 5424: 5395: 5374: 5340: 5311: 5305: 5275: 5270: 5257: 5234: 5196: 5194: 5189: 5161: 5159: 5154: 5119: 5117: 5112: 5104: 5066:Meretmarine.com 5045:Wayback Machine 5034: 5023: 5006: 5003: 5001:Further reading 4998: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4886: 4881:. 2 June 2016. 4873: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4723: 4721: 4708: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4566: 4564: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4498:Financial Times 4490: 4489: 4485: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4277: 4275: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3975:on 12 June 2008 3967: 3966: 3962: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3819:on 17 June 2009 3794: 3793: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3688:. 29 May 2008. 3680: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3662:on 16 July 2011 3653: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3609:on 24 July 2011 3606: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3554: 3552: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3454: 3453: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3416: 3415: 3406: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3131:on 31 July 2012 3119: 3118: 3114: 3105: 3098: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3018:. DefenseNews. 3013: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2968: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2941: 2928: 2927: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2870:Wayback Machine 2861: 2857: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2777:Wayback Machine 2770:TCD classe NTCD 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2553:on 31 July 2017 2547:nexter-group.fr 2541: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2503: 2489: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2440: 2425:15 October 2013 2422:1 February 2012 2414: 2384: 2265: 2225:Mistral BPC 210 2206:Mistral BPC 210 2202: 2170: 2158:Oleg Bochkaryov 2023:Rosoboronexport 2019:Dmitry Medvedev 1988:Nicolas Sarkozy 1976:Nikolai Makarov 1969: 1851: 1722: 1643: 1634: 1624:Mark Fitzgerald 1611: 1563: 1551:ultrasonography 1527: 1520: 1516:Machine gun on 1514: 1505: 1502: 1493: 1487: 1430:(RWS) to equip 1410:-class frigates 1334: 1268: 1261: 1253: 1244: 1237: 1228: 1222: 1132: 1108: 1027: 1005: 936: 904:on 9 July, and 883:Baltic Shipyard 785: 781: 780: 747: 626: 553: 548: 518:Nicolas Sarkozy 392: 388: 378:missile systems 350: 294: 242:Installed power 146: 115: 113: 102: 100: 55: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5762: 5760: 5752: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5721: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5633: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5604: 5602:Naval aviation 5598: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5581: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5561: 5552: 5550: 5541: 5529: 5528: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5501: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5434: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5422: 5414: 5405: 5403: 5401:Patrol vessels 5397: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5391:-class frigate 5384: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5370:-class frigate 5364: 5362:-class frigate 5356: 5350: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5330: 5328: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5224:Anwar El Sadat 5220: 5207: 5205: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5172: 5170: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5145: 5138: 5130: 5128: 5114: 5113: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5047: 5033: 5032:External links 5030: 5029: 5028: 5021: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4978: 4952: 4922: 4896: 4866: 4840: 4814: 4784: 4758: 4731: 4701: 4684:Shepherd Media 4668: 4637: 4604: 4574: 4543: 4525: 4503: 4500:. 26 May 2015. 4483: 4464: 4441: 4415: 4385: 4363: 4336: 4309: 4285: 4258: 4231: 4204: 4181: 4162: 4137: 4111: 4082: 4058: 4039: 4017: 3986: 3960: 3937: 3914: 3897:Ottawa Citizen 3883: 3861: 3830: 3782: 3756: 3725: 3703: 3673: 3646: 3620: 3588: 3562: 3536: 3510: 3499:on 20 May 2008 3480: 3444: 3404: 3382: 3352: 3330: 3308: 3282: 3271: 3245: 3231: 3217: 3203: 3172: 3142: 3112: 3096: 3071: 3059: 3025: 3006: 3003:. DefenseNews. 2991: 2977: 2954: 2939: 2914: 2878: 2855: 2832: 2806: 2780: 2762: 2736: 2717: 2689: 2649: 2623: 2609: 2594: 2564: 2534: 2501: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2466:-class vessels 2457: 2449: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2411:Anwar El Sadat 2407: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2331:26 August 2003 2329: 2322: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2310:6 October 2004 2308: 2305: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2264: 2261: 2201: 2198: 2178:New Suez Canal 2169: 2166: 2145:Laurent Fabius 1968: 1965: 1850: 1847: 1797:Cyclone Nargis 1774:Gulf of Guinea 1739:following the 1642: 1639: 1637:s complement. 1610: 1607: 1591:, the Spanish 1562: 1559: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1515: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1494: 1488: 1481: 1333: 1330: 1326:Paris Air Show 1267: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1254: 1247: 1245: 1238: 1231: 1229: 1223: 1216: 1185:. Instead the 1131: 1128: 1026: 1023: 1004: 1001: 864:Starting from 746: 743: 726:hovercraft. A 664:Landing craft 625: 622: 552: 549: 547: 544: 536:Vladimir Putin 486:European Union 482:United Nations 429: 428: 425: 421: 420: 417: 413: 412: 411: 410: 404: 398: 385: 379: 370: 366: 365: 364: 363: 360: 357: 352: 346: 345: 342: 338: 337: 334: 330: 329: 322: 318: 317: 316: 315: 312: 305: 296: 290: 289: 288: 287: 284: 279: 275: 274: 271: 267: 266: 259: 255: 254: 243: 239: 238: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 213: 212: 209: 204: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 165: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 144: 140: 139: 131: 127: 126: 125: 124: 111: 96: 92: 91: 90: 89: 84: 77: 73: 72: 66: 62: 61: 60:Class overview 57: 56: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5761: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5509: 5508:-class tanker 5507: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5451:Landing craft 5448: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5302: 5297: 5295: 5290: 5288: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5254: 5251:Followed by: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5242:Preceded by: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5230: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5203:Egyptian Navy 5192: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5101: 5096: 5094: 5089: 5087: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4867: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4841: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4815: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4785: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4759: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4732: 4719: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4702: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4672: 4669: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4641: 4638: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4608: 4605: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4562: 4559:(in French). 4558: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4487: 4484: 4479: 4476:. USNI News. 4475: 4468: 4465: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4442: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4376:The Economist 4373: 4367: 4364: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4337: 4324: 4320: 4313: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4286: 4273: 4269: 4262: 4259: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4232: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4141: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4095: 4086: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4062: 4059: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3987: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3941: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3918: 3915: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3887: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3862: 3849: 3846:(in French). 3845: 3841: 3834: 3831: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3771: 3770:navalnews.com 3767: 3760: 3757: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3647: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3527:Mer et Marine 3524: 3522: 3514: 3511: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3465: 3458: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3432: 3428: 3427:Aviation Week 3424: 3422: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3370: 3367:(in French). 3366: 3362: 3356: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3321:Mer et Marine 3318: 3312: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3291:Magne, Xavier 3286: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3176: 3173: 3160: 3156: 3155:Mer et Marine 3152: 3146: 3143: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3060: 3047: 3043: 3042:Mer et Marine 3039: 3037: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3010: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2992: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2967: 2966: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2899: 2892: 2890: 2882: 2879: 2876:(29 May 2007) 2875: 2874:Strategy Page 2871: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2833: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2794: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2766: 2763: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2721: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2663: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2605: 2598: 2595: 2582: 2578: 2577:netmarine.net 2574: 2573:"BPC Mistral" 2568: 2565: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2370:Egyptian Navy 2367: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2355:18 April 2009 2354: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2337:December 2006 2336: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2313:February 2006 2312: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2295: 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1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700:and about 20 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1679:Mediterranean 1676: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1609:Accommodation 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1567: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1512: 1507: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1448:M134 Miniguns 1445: 1440: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1414:Horizon-class 1411: 1409: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1343: 1338: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1265: 1260: 1257: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1235: 1230: 1227: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1114: 1107: 1104:According to 1102: 1100: 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Knowledge (XXG)

Mistral-class amphibious assault ship

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