47:
361:, a gun-making center in Catalonia. The lock was primarily fitted to a long-barreled pistol called a "pedrenyal" and also on long guns for a short period until the patilla became the predominant lock of manufacture in Spain. In Italy, the romanlock seems to have been the mechanical counterpart, and possibly the predecessor of the agujeta. The agujeta used a back catch on the cock in lieu of a half cock sear and the mainspring bore down on the toe of the cock as with the romanlock. A detached combination lock, wheellock and what is certainly an agujeta/romanlock form lock, in the Royal Artillery Museum, Turin, strongly suggests the agujeta/romanlock came to Spain from Italy, probably during a period of Spanish involvement there.
39:
294:
to rework or replace the complete battery. The detachable grooved face went out of fashion around 1660-1675, replaced by grooving made directly into the battery face, almost certainly due to improved heat treatment and tempering of the battery. The grooving was to a great extent eliminated by French-influenced Madrid gunsmiths around 1700. However, the practice of using both the detachable and integral grooved face was continued by many
Spanish provincial gunsmiths as well as by North African and Ottoman lockmakers.
342:
55:
31:
326:
lock is almost indistinguishable from the ordinary French flintlock, with the laterally-operating sears being the only
Spanish connection to the classic patilla lock. The half-cock sear (usually round) engaged the top of a small projection often disguised as a rococo embellishment on the breast of the cock. A similar projection on the opposite side of the cock engaged the underside of the full-cock sear, which could be round, flat, or square.
383:
391:
318:
247:
to "arcabuces de rastrillo" and "escopeta de rastrillo". "Rastrillar", to comb or rake, perfectly describes the action of a flint down a battery (frizzen) face. Some listings used the term "llaves de chispa" (meaning spark locks, applied to all manner of flintlocks, miquelets included). Contemporaries did not use the term "miquelet" to describe any type of lock or firearm.
350:
277:
Two main forms of the miquelet were produced: The
Spanish lock, where the mainspring pushed up on the heel of the cock foot and the two sears engaged the toe of the cock foot, and the Italian or Roman lock, where the mainspring pushed down on the toe of the cock foot and the sears engaged the cock on
246:
As both de Hita and
Cervantes allude to pistols, pedrenales, and escopetas being in use that were not wheellocks, it is reasonable to suggest some form of flint-against-steel gunlock was in use by the late 16th century. Indeed, from about 1580 on, the listings in estate auctions increasingly referred
409:
The gunmakers of the
Ottoman Empire adopted the conventional Spanish patilla in its basic form, albeit with an additional feature in the form of a fastening bridge between the cock screw and the frizzen screw. This bridge or long bridle had the effect of decreasing torsion on the cock axis. It also
293:
Another seemingly ubiquitous feature of the
Spanish miquelets was the striated battery face, or put another way, vertically grooved frizzen. Initially, the striated face was a detachable plate dovetailed and often screwed to the battery. This allowed for the replacement of worn faces without having
281:
The features most associated with the miquelet are the horizontal sears, acting through the lockplate, coupled with the external mainspring and the top jaw screw ring. Experts agree that the use of horizontally acting sears is the true defining feature because some variations of the miquelet do not
337:
Locks using features from Spain, France and Italy, which retained the patilla external mainspring and lateral sear setup, came to be labeled "a las tres modas" (lock of three fashions). Without a doubt, this lock is the final development of the miquelet flintlock before the percussion era. It was
325:
The French influence on the
Spanish lock coincided with the accession of the Bourbon Felipe V in 1701 as king of Spain. This influence produced a type of lock known as the "llave a la moda" or more commonly as the "Madrid" lock as it was produced almost exclusively in and for that city. The Madrid
417:
lock mechanism styled on the patilla and romanlock pattern miquelets was used on pistols and sporting guns right up to the advent of the cartridge firearm. Sculpturing of the hammer in the form of wildlife (lions, dogs, mythical beasts, or fish) was a common practice on these percussion miquelet
301:
Indigenous variations of the patilla had names such as the "a la de invenciÔn", later known as the "alla romana" or "romanlock" or simply, the "Italian." The
Spanish miquelet is termed "alla micheletta" by Italian auctioneers. Serious writers and collectors in Europe eschew this term and use more
297:
The fully developed lock was known by various names, depending on region or variation of design. In Spain, it was known as the "llave española"; or simply the "patilla". The patilla is the classic
Spanish miquelet and the designation of patilla is often used nowadays in lieu of miquelet. The term
333:
for use on military arms such as the
Spanish Model 1752/1757 musket, although the French lock was later superseded by a miquelet patilla lock on the Model 1752/91 as the French style lock was deemed too fragile, a frequent complaint from colonial authorities.
286:
160:, Baltic Lock, and French or "true" flintlock ("true" being the final, widely used form). Strictly speaking, all are flintlocks. However, current usage demands the separation of all other forms of flintlock from the so-called "true flintlock".
1099:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on the "llave ala moda" style of miquelet locks, also known as the Madrid Lock (front cover shows an exquisite example).
261:
The archaic form of Spanish lock was further developed by Madrid and provincial gunmakers, almost certainly including the Marquart family of Royal gunmakers, into the Spanish patilla style now most associated with the miquelet.
184:
cover was opened during priming, and secondly, by rain wetting matches and gunpowder. The earliest known appearance of the miquelet lock was in Spain within three decades of the Algiers military disaster.
112:
was not recorded until the 19th century, long after the appearance of the mechanism in the 16th century, and is of uncertain origin. One commonly held view is that it was coined by British troops in the
298:
patilla derives from the fact that the front foot of the cock resembled a rooster foot. In Catalonia, it was "clau de miquelet." In Portugal, it was known as the "fecho de patilha de invenção."
46:
278:
the heel of the foot. Neither form was confined exclusively to either country, that is, both Roman locks of Spanish manufacture and Spanish locks of Italian manufacture are not uncommon.
1158:
329:
The French flintlock without any miquelet features was termed "llave a la francesa." It was used very little on weapons for private use, but was adopted under
42:
With the Italian or Roman style miquelet lock, the mainspring pushes down on the toe of the hammer and the sears engaged the hammer on both the toe and heel.
1384:
364:
The agujeta lock became firmly established early on in North Africa, most likely being crafted in imitation of Spanish imports. One example would be the
398:
The miquelet may have come to the attention of arms makers in Istanbul via long-established trade routes from Italian city-states through the port of
1124:
122:
34:
With the classic Spanish patilla style miquelet lock, the mainspring pushes up on the heel of the hammer and both sears engaged the toe of the foot.
1531:
1468:
1536:
573:
371:
The miquelet is often termed the "Mediterranean" lock due to its widespread use in areas surrounding the Mediterranean, particularly in the
65:
is a modern term used by collectors and curators for a type of firing mechanism used in muskets and pistols. It is a distinctive form of
782:
250:
Probably the oldest surviving example of what certainly qualifies as a patilla miquelet lock is item No.I.20 in the Real ArmerĂa,
1738:
1096:
1896:
1148:
1117:
1922:
311:
1366:
38:
1483:
169:
189:
1927:
1231:
1086:
563:
302:
precise, chronologically and geographically pertinent terminology, such as "alla borbona" for the Neapolitan (
270:
The miquelet lock, with its combined battery and pan cover was the final innovative link that made the "true"
1932:
1901:
1718:
1110:
341:
321:
Llave a la moda style miquelet lock by Alonzo Martinez, circa 1730, showing location of the sears and punzĂłn
1379:
1266:
1163:
152:. The term flintlock was, and still is, often applied to any form of friction (flint) lock other than the
1566:
1137:
54:
1211:
1153:
402:(Dubrovnik) to provinces on the Balkan Peninsula. Other avenues were probably provided by booty from
1619:
1571:
1371:
271:
224:
922:
Carpegna, Nolfo di. "A Summary of Notes on Central-Italian Firearms of the Eighteenth Century" in
1787:
1434:
1351:
1017:
New York: Portland House, 1988 Translated by Valerie Palmer. Original Publisher: Mondadori, Milan
386:
An exquisite Caucasia pistol clearly showing the fastening bridge of the miquelet lock circa 1800
118:
357:
The "agujeta" lock or "la llave de transiciĂłn", a contemporary of the patilla, was produced in
1776:
1681:
1521:
1473:
1404:
1309:
778:
597:
569:
509:
431:
418:
locks. Miquelets fashioned in this way were particularly well represented by the gunmakers of
74:
30:
1797:
1640:
1635:
1581:
1361:
1341:
1261:
1206:
540:
399:
176:. Problems were caused on both wheellocks and matchlocks, firstly by wind blowing away the
1761:
1713:
1648:
1201:
1091:
140:
There is often confusion, or at least a difference of opinion, as to what constitutes a
1883:
1845:
1424:
1356:
456:
414:
372:
211:
114:
78:
70:
1036:
An Introduction to Islamic Arms. Victoria and Albert Museum Introductions to the Arts.
382:
1916:
1873:
1561:
1551:
1444:
1399:
1301:
1256:
1236:
1102:
1003:
Translated by G. A. Urquhart, Edited by J. F. Hayward. New York: Bramhall House, 1965
938:
Guns, Sails, and Empires: Technological Innovation and European Expansion, 1400-1700.
365:
973:
A Most Pernicious Thing: Gun Trading and Native Warfare in the Early Contact Period.
878:
Winant, Lewis. "Getting the Gunpowder Going-Development of Ignition in Gunlocks" in
274:
possible. It proved to be both the precursor and companion to the "true" flintlock.
1830:
1805:
1755:
1696:
1668:
1614:
1429:
1319:
1191:
761:
Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire.
98:
534:
1081:
258:
and double-barreled gun; its origin unknown, dated almost certainly before 1600.
1868:
1860:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1516:
1478:
1271:
1226:
1221:
1196:
446:
219:
390:
1771:
1733:
1724:
1609:
1596:
1586:
1546:
1526:
1409:
1346:
1296:
1246:
1216:
1042:
910:
Firearms in Colonial America: The Impact on History and Technology, 1492-1792.
317:
236:
145:
1878:
1850:
1835:
1820:
1815:
1781:
1604:
1576:
1541:
1506:
1496:
1455:
1419:
1286:
1251:
1241:
1186:
471:
461:
451:
441:
403:
330:
285:
228:
177:
153:
149:
235:, to the extent that pedrenyal lock means miquelet lock, the long-barreled
203:
69:, originally as a flint-against-steel ignition form, once prevalent in the
349:
1840:
1673:
1511:
1463:
1439:
1281:
1276:
1181:
1173:
466:
307:
240:
232:
207:
181:
173:
141:
66:
602:. E. Aguado, impresor de cĂĄmara de S.M. y de su real casa. pp. 228â
156:
with the various forms sub-categorized as snaphaunce, miquelet, English
17:
1810:
1766:
1743:
1704:
1692:
1556:
1501:
1333:
1314:
1133:
436:
376:
157:
94:
943:
Corry, Noel, Major. "Guns and Pistols of Kurdistan and the Caucasus".
353:
Castilian agujeta on a long gun depicted in a Puga painting circa 1636
306:) variety of external-mainspring lock due to its association with the
1749:
1591:
1491:
1414:
1394:
1389:
1329:
1291:
358:
303:
251:
102:
90:
86:
368:(moukhala or moukalla), sometimes referred to as the Arab toe-lock.
794:
Chapin, Howard M. and Charles D. Cook. Colonial Firearms Part I in
379:
and from there to Russia that the new Spanish lock found its way."
375:
sphere of influence. As one author comments: "It was to Arabia and
50:
Patilla style miquelet lock inlaid with gold and silver, late 1600s
859:
Art, Arms, and Armour: An International Anthology, Vol.I: 1979-80.
419:
389:
381:
348:
345:
North African moukhala musket showing agujeta lock characteristics
340:
316:
284:
282:
have the external mainspring and/or the large top jaw screw ring.
255:
82:
53:
45:
37:
29:
1092:
On ye most excellent work "Espingarda Perfyta" or the Perfect Gun
824:
The Arms of Greece and Her Balkan Neighbors in the Ottoman Period
629:
Lavin 1965:157-8; Spencer 2008:30; and Blackmore 1965:Fig 780-781
406:
raids and/or from the many Ottoman-Euro conflicts of the period.
926:
1979-80. R.Held, Editor. Switzerland: Acquafresca Editrice, 1979
817:
Firearms of the Islamic World in the Tareq Rajab Museum, Kuwait.
1106:
129:("rake lock"), and in Catalonia and Valencia it was called the
957:
Daehnhardt, Rainer, and W. Keith Neal, Translator and Editor.
410:
provided ample space for decoration to suit local traditions.
1097:
Firearms from the collections of the Prince of Liechtenstein
924:
Art, Arms, and Armour: An International Anthology, Vol. I:
683:(Lavin 1965:182-184 and Brinckerhoff/Chamberlain 1972:31)
511:
The history of the reign of the emperor Charles the Fifth
789:
Spanish Military Weapons in Colonial America, 1700-1821.
1024:
Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association, 1989
861:
R.Held, Editor. Switzerland: Acquafresca Editrice, 1979
833:
R. Held, Editor. Northfield, Illinois: DBI Books, 1973
596:
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra; Diego ClemencĂn (1839).
121:
that had been assigned to the Peninsular Army of the
952:
Throwing Fire-Projectile Technology Through History.
125:. In most of Spain, it was traditionally called the
1859:
1796:
1690:
1628:
1453:
1328:
1172:
857:Lavin, James D. "Spanish Agujeta-Lock Firearms" in
829:Graells, Eudaldo. "A Primer of Ripoll Gunlocks" in
787:Brinckerhoff, Sidney B. and Pierce A. Chamberlain.
994:Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, & Pyrotechnics.
514:. Phillips, Sampson, & company. pp. 382â
58:Chiselled and pierced patilla style miquelet lock
1410:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
1445:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
1047:War, Technology and Society in the Middle East.
791:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Stockpole Books, 1972
917:Brescian Firearms from matchlock to flintlock.
903:The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons.
882:. William Guthman, Editor. New York City: 1979
798:. William Guthman, Editor. New York City: 1979
1118:
1054:Arms and Armor in Colonial America 1526-1783.
599:El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha
197:
172:, weather conditions prevented the firing of
105:from the late 16th to the mid-19th century.
8:
987:The Art of the Gunmaker, Volume I 1500-1660.
964:Garavaglia, Louis A. and Charles G. Worman.
901:Blair, Claude and Leonid Tarassuk, Editors.
838:The Age of Firearms. Second Revised Edition.
117:to describe the style of musket used by the
1087:The Miquelet Lock with glossary of features
1070:Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1957
1038:Owings Mills, Maryland: Stemmer House, 1985
1125:
1111:
1103:
1001:The Flintlock: its origin and development.
980:Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe.
1013:Masini, Sergio and Gian Rodolfo Rotasso.
966:Firearms of the American West, 1803-1865.
710:(Graells 1973:134 and Lavin 1979:298-313)
1031:New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers, 1999
1022:The Age of Gunpowder Empires, 1450-1800.
959:Espingarda Pferfeyta or The Perfect Gun.
801:Corry, Noel, Major. "The Miquelet Lock"
647:(Lavin 1965:148-186 and Spencer 2008:30)
975:Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1994
808:Daskalov, Nikola, and Vyara Kovacheva.
482:
1532:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
1469:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages
1302:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon
1537:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
1056:Harrisburg, Pa: Stockpole Books, 1956
1049:London: Oxford University Press, 1975
947:Northfield, Illinois: DBI Books, 1988
896:European and American Arms, 1100-1850
847:Northfield, Illinois: DBI Books, 1973
805:Northfield, Illinois: DBI Books, 1985
665:(Lavin 1965:168 and Graells 1973:137)
638:Neal 1955:II-5 and Lavin 1955:266-267
498:(Blackmore 1965:28 and Blair 1983:67)
289:Spanish miquelet grooved battery face
7:
905:New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982
763:UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005
254:. That unique item is a combination
1372:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
912:Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1980
826:New York: Thames & Hudson, 2009
568:. Editorial MAXTOR. pp. 400â.
931:Firearms A Global History to 1700.
692:(Corry 1985:23 and Lavin 1965:184)
25:
989:New York: St Martin's Press, 1962
961:London: Sotheby Park Benet, 1974
954:Cambridge University Press, 2002
940:New York: Barnes and Noble, 1996
933:Cambridge University Press, 2003
875:Oxford: Shire Publications, 2008
746:(Neal 1955:43 and Corry 1985:24)
394:Spanish percussion miquelet lock
840:Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1970
1897:Category:Early modern firearms
1405:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
1376:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
1010:New York: Walker and Co., 1967
852:A History of Spanish Firearms.
775:Pollard's History of Firearms.
1:
1362:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
1342:Belton M1777 repeating musket
1082:Spanish miquelet lock pistols
945:The Gun Digest, 42nd Edition.
898:New York: Bonanza Books, 2012
854:London: Herbert Jenkins, 1965
845:Arms and Armor Annual, Vol. I
831:Arms and Armor Annual, Vol. I
803:The Gun Digest, 39th Edition.
768:Guns and Rifles of the World.
338:produced in Spain and Italy.
1488:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
1068:Guns on the Early Frontiers.
1063:New York: Golden Press, 1962
968:Albuquerque: UNM Press, 1984
919:Rome: Edizioni De Luca, 1997
562:Ginés Pérez de Hita (1972).
539:. D. Leon Amarita. pp.
533:Ginés Pérez de Hita (1833).
1629:Medieval large calibre guns
1277:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
1247:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
996:New York: Basic Books, 2004
312:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1949:
1367:M1696 French common musket
1029:Ottoman Warfare 1500-1700.
1015:Complete Book of Firearms.
982:Baltimore: JHU Press, 1997
777:New York: Macmillan, 1983,
770:London: Viking Press, 1965
565:Guerras civiles de Granada
536:Guerras civiles de Granada
508:William Robertson (1857).
192:, in his historical novel
1892:
1710:Byzantine rocket launcher
1484:Breech-loading swivel gun
1297:Puckle Î1717 revolver gun
1144:
873:Early Firearms 1300-1800.
866:Spanish Guns and Pistols.
202:" being in common use in
133:("flint-lock") or simply
27:Type of firearm mechanism
1320:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
1267:Meriam kecil hand cannon
1232:Heilongjiang hand cannon
1192:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
1061:The Treasury of the Gun.
819:London: I B Tauris, 1995
812:Sofia: Sofia Press, 1989
239:pistols were not called
210:prior to and during the
170:1541 campaign of Algiers
1902:Category:Early firearms
1719:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
1008:One Hundred Great Guns.
773:Blair, Claude. Editor.
1306:Shou Chong hand cannon
1164:History of the firearm
843:Held, Robert, Editor.
395:
387:
354:
346:
322:
290:
198:
59:
51:
43:
35:
1752:rocket arrow launcher
1746:rocket arrow launcher
1730:Fire crow rocket bomb
1357:Che Dian Chong musket
1242:Huo Chong hand cannon
880:Guns & Other Arms
810:Weaponry of the Past.
796:Guns & Other Arms
766:Blackmore, Howard L.
393:
385:
352:
344:
320:
288:
199:escopeta de rastrillo
194:Civil Wars of Granada
57:
49:
41:
33:
1739:Hale rocket launcher
1430:Spanish M1752 musket
1310:Tanegashima arquebus
1212:English horse pistol
1154:History of gunpowder
1059:Peterson, Harold L.
1052:Peterson, Harold L.
1020:McNeill, William H.
915:Carpegna, Nolfo di.
701:(Lavin 1979:312-313)
674:(Lavin 1965:182-184)
266:Main characteristics
212:Alpujarras Rebellion
1758:(Chinese petroleum)
1649:Dardanelles bombard
1620:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
1572:Obusier de vaisseau
272:flintlock mechanism
225:Miguel de Cervantes
190:Ginés Pérez de Hita
1923:Spanish inventions
1788:Thunder crash bomb
1435:Springfield musket
1352:Charleville musket
1252:Istinggar arquebus
1006:Lindsay, Merrill.
950:Crosby, Alfred W.
871:Spencer, Michael.
868:London: Bell, 1955
728:(Ăgostan 2005:17)
620:Lavin 1965:158-159
396:
388:
355:
347:
323:
291:
196:, alludes to his "
188:The poet/novelist
168:In the disastrous
127:llave de rastrillo
123:Duke of Wellington
119:Miquelet (militia)
60:
52:
44:
36:
1910:
1909:
1798:Firing mechanisms
1777:Petroleum naphtha
1682:Pumhart von Steyr
1645:Byzantine bombard
1547:Hu Dun Pao cannon
1347:Brown Bess musket
1066:Russell, Carl P.
1041:Parry, V.J., and
1027:Murphey, Rhoads.
575:978-84-9761-679-9
432:Caplock mechanism
217:In his 1605 work
148:, miquelet and a
131:pany de pedrenyal
16:(Redirected from
1940:
1582:Pierrier a boite
1315:Toradar arquebus
1262:Jiaozhi arquebus
1187:Bajozutsu pistol
1127:
1120:
1113:
1104:
1034:North, Anthony.
971:Given, Brian J.
936:Cipolla, Carlo.
929:Chase, Kenneth.
864:Neal, W. Keith.
850:Lavin, James D.
822:Elgood, Robert.
815:Elgood, Robert.
759:Ăgoston, GĂĄbor.
747:
744:
738:
735:
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711:
708:
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656:(Lavin 1965:148)
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201:
21:
1948:
1947:
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1939:
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1937:
1928:Firearm actions
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1888:
1855:
1792:
1762:Mysorean rocket
1714:Congreve rocket
1686:
1624:
1449:
1324:
1202:Combination gun
1168:
1140:
1138:thermal weapons
1131:
1078:
1073:
999:Lenk, Torsten.
985:Hayward, J. F.
894:Blair, Claude.
890:
888:Further reading
885:
755:
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268:
231:their name was
166:
28:
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15:
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5:
1946:
1944:
1936:
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1933:Early firearms
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1831:Muzzleloader
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1806:Breechloader
1784:rocket arrow
1756:Meng Huo You
1707:rocket arrow
1697:incendiaries
1669:Grose Bochse
1615:Wankou Chong
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1869:Huolongjing
1861:Literatures
1664:Faule Mette
1659:Faule Grete
1654:Dulle Griet
1517:Ekor lotong
1479:Baton a feu
1380:JĂ€ger rifle
1272:Muff pistol
1227:Hand mortar
1222:Hand cannon
1197:Blunderbuss
1045:, Editors.
447:Hand cannon
220:Don Quixote
137:("flint").
1917:Categories
1772:Pen Huo Qi
1734:Greek fire
1725:Fire arrow
1610:Xanadu Gun
1597:Swivel gun
1587:Pot de fer
1527:Fauconneau
1217:Fire lance
1043:M. E. Yapp
478:References
241:pedrenyals
237:wheel lock
174:arquebuses
146:snaphaunce
101:, and the
75:Portuguese
1879:Wubei Zhi
1851:Wheellock
1836:Snaphance
1821:Matchlock
1816:Flintlock
1782:Singijeon
1605:Veuglaire
1601:Tarasnice
1577:Organ gun
1542:Hongyipao
1507:Chongtong
1497:Carronade
1456:artillery
1420:Musketoon
1287:Pepperbox
472:Wheellock
462:Snaphance
452:Matchlock
442:Flintlock
331:Carlos IV
233:pedrenyal
229:Catalonia
180:when the
178:gunpowder
154:wheellock
150:flintlock
135:pedrenyal
108:The term
81:empires,
1841:Snaplock
1674:Mons Meg
1522:Falconet
1512:Culverin
1474:Basilisk
1440:Wall gun
1282:Petronel
1182:Arquebus
1174:Firearms
1149:Timeline
581:12 March
467:Snaplock
426:See also
310:and the
308:Bourbons
208:Valencia
142:snaplock
67:snaplock
18:Miquelet
1811:Doglock
1767:Naphtha
1744:Huo Che
1705:Bo-hiya
1693:rockets
1641:Basilic
1636:Bombard
1557:Lantaka
1502:Cetbang
1334:muskets
547:26 June
518:26 June
437:Firearm
404:corsair
377:Tartary
373:Ottoman
164:History
158:Doglock
103:Balkans
95:Ukraine
79:Ottoman
71:Spanish
1750:Hwacha
1691:Early
1592:Prangi
1567:Mortar
1492:Cannon
1454:Early
1415:Musket
1395:Jingal
1330:Rifles
1292:Pistol
1207:Dragon
781:
606:1 July
572:
400:Ragusa
359:Ripoll
304:Naples
252:Madrid
204:XĂ tiva
91:Russia
87:Greece
77:, and
420:Eibar
256:lance
83:Italy
1695:and
1562:Lela
1464:Abus
1332:and
1136:and
779:ISBN
608:2011
583:2011
570:ISBN
549:2011
520:2011
206:and
541:469
182:pan
1919::
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413:A
314:.
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223:,
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1112:v
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543:â
522:.
20:)
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