3679:
1448:
3668:
3690:
4592:
3571:
4580:
363:
which were done by Otto
Jastrow, a prominent German semiticist who is credited as the modern "discoverer" of the language and published the first modern research papers on the existence of Mlaḥsô and its linguistic features.
377:, which was about the village Mlaḥsô (and the Tur Abdin village Tamarze). Dr. Isḥaq Ibrahim, the son of Ibrahim Ḥanna, was a guest and spoke in the Mlaḥsô language with his sisters Shamiram in Lebanon and Munira in
388:
The extinction of Mlaḥsô can be attributed to the small amount of original speakers of the language, and them being limited to two isolated villages, resulting in a disproportionate loss of speakers during the
359:, Shamiram in Lebanon, and son Dr. Isḥaq Ibrahim in Germany are the only speakers left with some limited native proficiency of the language. Recordings of Ibrahim Ḥanna speaking the language are available on
1506:
Jastrow, Otto. 1997. "Der
Neuaramaische Dialek von Mlahso." In British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, reviewed by Geoffrey Khan. 299-300. British Society for Middle Eastern Studies.
4500:
2921:
3608:
1541:
Kim, Ronald. 2008. "Stammbaum or
Continuum? The Subgrouping of Modern Aramaic Dialects Reconsidered." In Journal of the American Oriental Society 128, no. 3, 505-531.
3544:
1530:
Ibrahim Ḥanna was the last speaker of the Mlaḥso language, as the village was destroyed in 1915 during the
Armenian genocide. He died in 1999 in Qāmišli in Syria
1671:
4392:
3647:
3520:
4637:
2914:
2234:
3825:
3515:
3455:
2185:
2160:
3242:
2224:
2203:
2219:
3601:
3116:
1460:
801:
4475:
2907:
2254:
2249:
808:
946:
than Turoyo in grammar and vocabulary, using classical Syriac words and constructions while also preserving the original
Aramaic form.
4617:
4152:
3678:
3191:
1558:
279:
but sufficiently different to be considered a separate language, with the syntax of the language having retained more features of
4534:
3445:
3185:
3179:
2175:
737:
665:
360:
4642:
3820:
3594:
3440:
3227:
3086:
2180:
2170:
1664:
890:
884:
696:
430:
4622:
4215:
4200:
4182:
4158:
4140:
4134:
4063:
3888:
3510:
3160:
2509:
769:
4069:
4030:
3944:
3815:
3425:
3020:
2165:
2077:
744:
672:
4632:
4554:
4529:
4465:
4229:
3154:
2244:
2229:
723:
703:
220:
4046:
4627:
4539:
4485:
4348:
3765:
3740:
3734:
3657:
3527:
3344:
3203:
3101:
3095:
3065:
2843:
2239:
1953:
877:
871:
783:
776:
141:
385:/Syriacs viewers and those present at the show could for the first time ever in modern times hear the language live.
1613:
Khan, Geoffrey. 2003. "Some
Remarks on Linguistic and Lexical Change in the North Eastern Neo-Aramaic Dialects." In
4549:
3771:
3171:
3071:
2978:
2098:
2091:
1657:
903:
897:
819:
587:
573:
269:
3146:
3034:
2953:
2757:
2520:
2048:
2026:
2010:
1759:
1739:
1704:
753:
730:
473:
241:
151:
136:
3667:
4470:
4008:
3759:
3384:
3248:
3042:
2143:
929:
923:
630:
348:
1606:
Khan, Geoffrey. 1999. "The Neo-Aramaic
Dialect Spoken by Jews from the Region of Arbel (Iraqi Kurdistan)." In
1516:
4559:
4093:
4081:
3954:
3853:
3329:
3236:
2562:
2499:
2323:
1709:
943:
916:
910:
616:
594:
580:
4314:
3926:
3728:
3722:
3369:
3354:
3212:
2986:
2967:
1885:
1722:
1699:
1694:
1447:
842:
760:
86:
3938:
3914:
2887:
2459:
2132:
1812:
1798:
1784:
793:
547:
534:
126:
2525:
401:
Mlahsô is phonologically less conservative than Turoyo. This is particularly noticeable in the use of
4521:
4507:
4455:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4164:
3858:
3689:
3500:
3334:
3309:
2814:
1863:
1639:
927:
914:
901:
888:
875:
623:
493:
1578:
Hoberman, Robert D. 1988. "The
History of the Modern Aramaic Pronouns and Pronominal Suffixes." In
4596:
4480:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4425:
4343:
4105:
4014:
3932:
3920:
3868:
3863:
3703:
3683:
3642:
3575:
3549:
3404:
3389:
3349:
2930:
2828:
2466:
2409:
2337:
2298:
2274:
2119:
1934:
1895:
690:
651:
257:
156:
284:
4495:
4415:
4336:
4309:
4026:
3652:
3460:
3364:
3294:
3008:
468:
381:
live on the phone. Otto
Jastrow was also interviewed regarding his expertise on Mlaḥsô. Turabdin
2652:
2530:
1620:
Mutzafi, Hezy. 2006. "On the
Etymology of Some Enigmatic Words in northeastern Neo-Aramaic." In
3630:
with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans
367:
On 3 May 2009, a historical event in the history of the Mlaḥsô Surayt language took place. The
4490:
4460:
4287:
4238:
4224:
4194:
4075:
3878:
3505:
3269:
2944:
2800:
2594:
2473:
2346:
2107:
2065:
1939:
1732:
1680:
1554:
714:
601:
567:
513:
500:
478:
390:
131:
4373:
4435:
4020:
3873:
3845:
3751:
3714:
3394:
3319:
3125:
3001:
2938:
2880:
2835:
2821:
2631:
2582:
2545:
2450:
2436:
2402:
2372:
2353:
2318:
2084:
2058:
2032:
1992:
1985:
1925:
1908:
1880:
1856:
1748:
488:
463:
458:
296:
288:
146:
106:
4363:
4188:
3978:
3972:
3835:
3810:
3790:
3617:
3487:
3470:
3465:
3289:
3284:
2961:
2848:
2752:
2726:
2675:
2540:
2480:
2388:
2381:
2365:
2359:
2286:
2037:
1913:
1903:
1416:
1411:
1406:
835:
526:
483:
382:
280:
276:
118:
31:
1571:
Goldenberg, Gideon. 2000. "Early Neo-Aramaic and Present-day Dialectical Diversity." In
4584:
4243:
4170:
4146:
4034:
3805:
3800:
3563:
3430:
3420:
3374:
3314:
3046:
3024:
2808:
2762:
2732:
2709:
2703:
2587:
2535:
2416:
2190:
2019:
212:
4611:
4353:
4087:
3694:
3672:
3537:
3223:
3082:
2742:
2737:
2647:
2394:
1919:
312:
4111:
3379:
3339:
3299:
3057:
2668:
641:
308:
82:
4358:
327:
The name of the village and the language is derived from the earlier Aramaic word
3996:
3990:
3627:
3399:
2293:
1978:
225:
1644:
17:
4324:
4319:
4117:
3324:
1840:
1791:
1634:
1440:
1435:
373:
4591:
4544:
4378:
4258:
4099:
4040:
3570:
3279:
1805:
442:
368:
304:
205:
189:
1462:
Jastrow, Otto (1985). "Mlaḥsô: An Unknown Neo-Aramaic Language of Turkey".
1483:
196:
4329:
4302:
4275:
4263:
4248:
4002:
3949:
3532:
3435:
3274:
2577:
2443:
1847:
1833:
1819:
1640:
Semitisches Tonarchiv: Dokumentgruppe "Aramäisch/Mlahsô" (text in German)
378:
356:
352:
94:
3984:
3906:
3786:
3359:
2626:
1999:
1962:
1826:
347:
The language was still spoken by a handful of people in the 1970s. The
2899:
4564:
4368:
4297:
4270:
4253:
3133:
2854:
1768:
335:. The native speakers of Mlaḥsô referred to their language simply as
316:
261:
90:
67:
1649:
4292:
4280:
4176:
3586:
3493:
3304:
3137:
1592:
Jastrow, Otto. 1996. "Passive Formation in Turoyo and Mlahso." In
265:
98:
71:
275:
The Mlaḥsô language (Surayt of Mlaḥsô) is closely related to the
1594:
Israel Oriental Studies XVI: Studies in Modern Semitic Languages
3590:
2903:
1653:
331:, 'salt marsh'. The literary Syriac name for the language is
81:
Originally two villages (Mlaḥsô/Yünlüce/Mela and ˁAnşa) near
1635:
Suroyo TV 2009-05-03 Dore w yawmotho - Mlaḥso & Tamarze
1599:
Jastrow, Otto. 1994. Der neuaramäische Dialekt von Mlaḥsô.
1585:
Jastrow, Otto. 1997. "16. The Neo-Aramaic Languages." In
1589:, edited by Robert Hetzron, 334–377. New York: Routledge.
1608:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
421:
has been retained though, while it has collapsed into
393:
compared to Turoyo and other variants of Neo-Aramaic.
437:. Mlaḥsô also renders the combination of vowel plus
4520:
4391:
4223:
4214:
4127:
4056:
3963:
3904:
3887:
3844:
3785:
3750:
3713:
3702:
3635:
3480:
3413:
3262:
3222:
3201:
3170:
3145:
3115:
3081:
3056:
3033:
3000:
2977:
2952:
2937:
2799:
2718:
2695:
2688:
2640:
2619:
2610:
2603:
2570:
2561:
2554:
2507:
2498:
2428:
2336:
2311:
2267:
2212:
2153:
2142:
2131:
2046:
2009:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1894:
1873:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1720:
1687:
219:
203:
187:
182:
115:
105:
77:
63:
39:
1596:, edited by Shlomo Izre’el, 49–57. Leiden: Brill.
307:mountain range, and in the village of ˁAnşa near
1582:108, no. 4, 557-575. American Oriental Society.
303:), a village established by two monks from the
283:than Turoyo. It was spoken in the villages of
3602:
2915:
1665:
361:Heidelberg University's Semitic Sound Archive
8:
3626:Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the
371:television station aired the program series
27:Extinct Aramaic language of Turkey and Syria
4220:
3901:
3710:
3609:
3595:
3587:
3545:Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations
3142:
3030:
2949:
2922:
2908:
2900:
2692:
2616:
2607:
2567:
2558:
2504:
2150:
2139:
1967:
1958:
1773:
1764:
1672:
1658:
1650:
1610:, University of London 62, no. 2, 213-225.
351:of Mlaḥsô, Ibrahim Ḥanna, died in 1999 in
36:
441:as a single, fronted vowel rather than a
260:. It was traditionally spoken in eastern
1580:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1379:
1282:
953:
867:Mlahsô has the following set of vowels:
452:
3516:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
1428:
3243:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
1645:Endangered Languages Project - Mlahso
499:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
457:
7:
1551:Der neuaramäische Dialekt von Mlaḥsô
245:
300:
2886:Languages between parentheses are
25:
3648:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
3521:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
3192:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
818:
807:
800:
782:
775:
768:
759:
752:
743:
736:
729:
722:
713:
702:
695:
671:
664:
640:
629:
622:
615:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
546:
533:
4638:Endangered Afroasiatic languages
4590:
4578:
4535:Assyrian Democratic Organisation
3688:
3677:
3666:
3569:
3186:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
3180:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
1603:Viva 14. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz
1446:
885:Close-mid front unrounded vowel
264:and later also in northeastern
4201:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
4064:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
3511:Assyrian independence movement
3161:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
2890:of the language on their left.
1:
3945:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
4555:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)
4530:Assyrian Democratic Movement
833:
791:
688:
649:
565:
524:
258:Central Neo-Aramaic language
248:), sometimes referred to as
30:Not to be confused with the
4540:Assyrian Universal Alliance
3766:Assyrian Church of the East
3741:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
3735:Assyrian Evangelical Church
3658:Terms for Syriac Christians
3528:Terms for Syriac Christians
3345:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
3204:Assyrian Church of the East
3102:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
3096:Assyrian Evangelical Church
3066:Assyrian Church of the East
1553:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
1517:"The Neo-Aramaic Languages"
872:Close front unrounded vowel
355:. His daughters, Munira in
256:, is an extinct or dormant
4659:
4550:Syriac Union Party (Syria)
3772:Ancient Church of the East
3072:Ancient Church of the East
1573:Journal of Semitic Studies
1464:Journal of Semitic Studies
898:Open front unrounded vowel
425:in Turoyo. Also sometimes
349:last fluent native speaker
270:Syriac Orthodox Christians
29:
4618:Eastern Aramaic languages
4573:
3664:
3624:
3558:
3130:(active 1st century–1601)
2872:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
841:
839:
830:
828:
826:
824:
813:
806:
774:
765:
749:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
661:
659:
657:
655:
637:
612:
610:
608:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
541:
539:
518:
511:
506:
467:
462:
455:
53:
45:
44:
4070:Muslim conquest of Syria
3760:Chaldean Catholic Church
3385:Dionysius of Vattasseril
3249:Believers Eastern Church
3043:Chaldean Catholic Church
2883:or historical languages.
1575:XLV/1, 69-86. Jerusalem.
924:Close back rounded vowel
343:History and distribution
4597:Christianity portal
4560:Syriac Military Council
4159:Massacres of Diyarbekir
4094:Principality of Antioch
4047:Byzantine–Sasanian wars
3854:Assyrian folk/pop music
3576:Christianity portal
3330:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
3237:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
3117:Saint Thomas Christians
911:Open back rounded vowel
4643:Languages of Kurdistan
4315:Al-Hasakah Governorate
4153:Massacres of Badr Khan
3927:Middle Assyrian Empire
3729:Syriac Catholic Church
3723:Syriac Orthodox Church
3370:Ignatius Andrew Akijan
3355:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
3213:Chaldean Syrian Church
2987:Syriac Orthodox Church
2968:Syriac Catholic Church
1549:Jastrow, Otto (1994).
292:
34:, also called Suryoyo.
4623:Neo-Aramaic languages
4183:Independence movement
3939:Post-imperial Assyria
3915:Early Assyrian period
2078:Christian Palestinian
1799:Ancient North Arabian
1587:The Semitic Languages
3859:Music of Mesopotamia
3806:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
3801:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
3501:Assyrian nationalism
3446:Koy Sanjaq Christian
3431:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
3421:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
3335:Dionysius bar Salibi
3310:Philoxenus of Mabbug
3163:(West Syriac) (1932)
3157:(East Syriac) (1665)
2176:Koy Sanjaq Christian
1864:Pre-classical Arabic
4633:Languages of Turkey
4165:Rise of nationalism
4106:Jalayirid Sultanate
3933:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3921:Old Assyrian period
3864:Syriac sacral music
3684:Aramean-Syriac flag
3643:Assyrian continuity
3550:Syriac sacral music
3405:Baselios Paulose II
3390:Geevarghese Ivanios
3350:Abraham of Angamaly
3155:Syro-Malabar Church
2931:Syriac Christianity
2020:Ashurian and Hatran
1394:eyko-yo talġuntézi
157:Central Neo-Aramaic
87:Diyarbakır Province
4628:Languages of Syria
4585:History portal
4027:Church of the East
3816:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
3653:Chaldean Catholics
3426:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
3365:Abraham Koorilos I
3295:Severus of Antioch
3228:Eastern Protestant
3087:Eastern Protestant
3015:"Nestorian Church"
3009:Church of the East
2641:Harari–East Gurage
2092:Jewish Palestinian
1617:1, no. 2, 179-190.
1407:Surayt of Turabdin
277:Surayt of Turabdin
4605:
4604:
4516:
4515:
4232:
4210:
4209:
4177:Assyrian genocide
4076:Abbasid Caliphate
3898:
3781:
3780:
3584:
3583:
3506:Assyrian homeland
3494:Assyrian genocide
3270:Ephrem the Syrian
3258:
3257:
3172:Oriental Orthodox
3111:
3110:
2996:
2995:
2979:Oriental Orthodox
2945:Church of Antioch
2897:
2896:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2684:
2683:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2332:
2331:
2307:
2306:
2263:
2262:
2235:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
2027:Jewish Babylonian
1948:
1947:
1681:Semitic languages
1444:(17th ed., 2013)
1398:
1397:
1376:Example sentences
1373:
1372:
1276:
1275:
860:
859:
521:
516:
509:
391:Assyrian genocide
231:
230:
142:Northwest Semitic
16:(Redirected from
4650:
4595:
4594:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4228:
4221:
4195:Post-Saddam Iraq
4021:Nestorian schism
4015:Christianization
3987:(132 BCE–244 CE)
3981:(247 BCE–224 CE)
3941:(609 BCE–240 CE)
3902:
3892:
3752:East Syriac Rite
3715:West Syriac Rite
3711:
3692:
3681:
3670:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3574:
3573:
3461:Syriac Malayalam
3395:Coorilos Paulose
3320:Isaac the Syrian
3147:Eastern Catholic
3143:
3126:Malankara Church
3035:Eastern Catholic
3031:
2954:Eastern Catholic
2950:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2901:
2693:
2617:
2608:
2568:
2559:
2505:
2373:northern dialect
2151:
2140:
1993:Biblical Aramaic
1986:Imperial Aramaic
1968:
1959:
1857:Nabataean Arabic
1774:
1765:
1740:Canaano-Akkadian
1674:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1624:4, no. 1, 83-99.
1542:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1433:
1391:Where is my hen?
1380:
1283:
1243:much, many, very
954:
933:
920:
907:
894:
881:
844:
822:
811:
804:
786:
779:
772:
763:
756:
747:
740:
733:
726:
717:
706:
699:
675:
668:
644:
633:
626:
619:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
550:
537:
519:
512:
507:
453:
417:. The classical
302:
281:Classical Syriac
247:
242:Classical Syriac
215:
199:
192:
121:
97:in northeastern
89:of southeastern
55:
47:
37:
21:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4512:
4387:
4364:Mardin Province
4227:
4206:
4189:Simele massacre
4123:
4052:
4017:(1st to 3rd c.)
3999:(64 BCE–637 CE)
3993:(66 BCE–217 CE)
3979:Parthian Empire
3973:Seleucid Empire
3965:
3959:
3955:Assyrian tribes
3923:(2025–1364 BCE)
3917:(2600–2025 BCE)
3896:
3894:
3891:
3883:
3840:
3793:
3777:
3746:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3662:
3631:
3620:
3618:Assyrian people
3615:
3585:
3580:
3568:
3562:* Defunct with
3554:
3488:Assyrian people
3476:
3409:
3290:Jacob of Serugh
3285:Jacob Baradaeus
3254:
3218:
3197:
3166:
3131:
3129:
3122:
3120:
3107:
3077:
3052:
3018:
3012:
3005:
2992:
2973:
2962:Maronite Church
2942:
2933:
2928:
2898:
2893:
2860:
2783:
2714:
2680:
2636:
2620:Amharic–Argobba
2612:
2599:
2550:
2511:
2486:
2424:
2328:
2303:
2259:
2208:
2204:Urmia Christian
2145:
2134:
2127:
2042:
2005:
1944:
1904:Egyptian Arabic
1890:
1886:Modern Standard
1869:
1754:
1716:
1683:
1678:
1631:
1622:Aramaic Studies
1615:Aramaic Studies
1568:
1566:Further reading
1546:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1417:Assyrian people
1412:Syriac language
1403:
1378:
1281:
1279:Example phrases
952:
942:Mlaḥsô is more
940:
865:
495:
474:Palato-alveolar
451:
399:
374:Dore w yawmotho
345:
325:
211:
195:
188:
178:
152:Eastern Aramaic
137:Central Semitic
122:
119:Language family
117:
35:
32:Turoyo language
28:
23:
22:
18:Mlahsô language
15:
12:
11:
5:
4656:
4654:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4587:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4493:
4491:United Kingdom
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4244:Nineveh Plains
4235:
4233:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4171:Adana massacre
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4147:Schism of 1552
4144:
4141:Ottoman Empire
4138:
4135:Safavid Empire
4131:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4082:Emirs of Mosul
4079:
4073:
4067:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3929:(1363–912 BCE)
3924:
3918:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3719:
3717:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3566:
3564:schism of 1552
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Cyril VI Tanas
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:Thomas of Cana
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3233:
3231:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3039:
3037:
3028:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2614:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2574:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2148:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2000:Middle Aramaic
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1896:Dialect groups
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1629:External links
1627:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1544:
1543:
1534:
1508:
1499:
1475:
1453:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1006:
998:
997:
994:
991:paternal uncle
986:
985:
982:
974:
973:
970:
962:
961:
958:
951:
948:
939:
936:
935:
934:
921:
908:
895:
882:
864:
861:
858:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
840:
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
816:
814:
812:
805:
798:
796:
790:
789:
787:
780:
773:
766:
764:
757:
750:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
718:
711:
709:
707:
700:
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
669:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
648:
647:
645:
638:
636:
634:
627:
620:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
544:
542:
540:
538:
531:
529:
523:
522:
517:
510:
504:
503:
498:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
447:
433:/j/) replaces
409:for classical
398:
395:
344:
341:
324:
321:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
209:
201:
200:
193:
185:
184:
183:Language codes
180:
179:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
125:
123:
116:
113:
112:
109:
103:
102:
79:
75:
74:
65:
64:Native to
61:
60:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4655:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4496:United States
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4088:Buyid amirate
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4009:Roman Assyria
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3935:(911–609 BCE)
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3836:Syriac script
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3696:
3695:Chaldean flag
3691:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3673:Assyrian flag
3669:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3538:Phoenicianism
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3127:
3118:
3114:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:Ethio-Semitic
2560:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2324:Judeo-Aramaic
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:Siculo-Arabic
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1559:3-447-03498-X
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1470:(2): 265–270.
1469:
1465:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
992:
988:
987:
983:
981:
980:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
963:
959:
956:
955:
949:
947:
945:
937:
931:
925:
922:
918:
912:
909:
905:
899:
896:
892:
886:
883:
879:
873:
870:
869:
868:
862:
837:
834:
821:
817:
815:
810:
803:
799:
797:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
778:
771:
767:
762:
758:
755:
751:
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
719:
716:
712:
710:
708:
705:
701:
698:
694:
692:
689:
674:
670:
667:
663:
653:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
625:
621:
618:
614:
606:
603:
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
569:
566:
549:
545:
543:
536:
532:
530:
528:
525:
515:
505:
502:
497:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
454:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
396:
394:
392:
386:
384:
380:
376:
375:
370:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
342:
340:
339:, or Syriac.
338:
334:
330:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
239:
235:
227:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
208:
207:
202:
198:
194:
191:
186:
181:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
124:
120:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:, later also
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
51:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4112:Qara Qoyunlu
3975:(312–63 BCE)
3830:
3706:Christianity
3473:(Liturgical)
3450:
3380:Elias Mellus
3340:Bar Hebraeus
3300:Paul the Jew
3124:
3014:
3007:
2941:, legacy of
2876:
2853:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2725:
2702:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2364:
2352:
2345:
2280:
2279:
2250:Urmia Jewish
2118:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2047:
2025:
2018:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1935:Mesopotamian
1918:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1785:Proto-Arabic
1783:
1747:
1738:
1731:
1721:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1550:
1537:
1529:
1523:. Retrieved
1511:
1502:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1439:
1431:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1230:
1229:
1218:
1217:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1170:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1109:
1098:
1097:
1086:
1085:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1013:
1002:
1001:
990:
989:
978:
977:
966:
965:
944:conservative
941:
866:
445:or a glide.
438:
434:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
400:
387:
372:
366:
346:
336:
332:
328:
326:
274:
253:
249:
237:
233:
232:
204:
161:
127:Afro-Asiatic
57:
49:
4471:New Zealand
4466:Netherlands
4230:Settlements
4143:(1555–1917)
4120:(1453–1501)
4114:(1375–1468)
4108:(1335–1432)
4102:(1258–1335)
4096:(1098–1268)
4057:Middle ages
3997:Roman Syria
3991:Syrian Wars
3628:Middle East
3400:Thoma Darmo
3263:Key figures
3202:Nestorian (
3004:, legacy of
3002:East Syriac
2939:West Syriac
2815:Hadramautic
2801:Old Arabian
2738:West Gurage
2648:East Gurage
2294:Neo-Mandaic
2072:Palestinian
1979:Old Aramaic
1334:He demanded
794:Approximant
4612:Categories
4354:Diyarbakır
4325:Tell Tamer
4320:Al-Hasakah
4216:By country
4128:Modern era
4118:Aq Qoyunlu
4090:(945–1055)
4084:(905–1383)
4078:(750–1258)
3893:(including
3869:Folk dance
3325:John Maron
3224:Protestant
3083:Protestant
2844:Rijal Alma
2829:Qatabanian
2467:Himyaritic
2410:Phoenician
1971:Historical
1940:Peninsular
1841:Taymanitic
1792:Old Arabic
1777:Historical
1525:2024-06-01
1493:2017-05-14
1488:Ethnologue
1441:Ethnologue
1423:References
1294:They sleep
1063:great, big
950:Vocabulary
938:Morphology
449:Consonants
313:Diyarbakır
4545:Dawronoye
4476:Palestine
4406:Australia
4379:Tur Abdin
4259:Tel Keppe
4179:(1914–20)
4167:(19th c.)
4149:(16th c.)
4137:(1508–55)
4100:Ilkhanate
4049:(502–628)
4043:(226–651)
4041:Asoristan
4011:(116–118)
3966:antiquity
3964:Classical
3897:contexts)
3794:languages
3414:Languages
3280:Nestorius
3121:legacy of
3058:Nestorian
2888:varieties
2879:indicate
2758:Sebat Bet
2508:Eastern (
2460:Deir Alla
2338:Canaanite
2245:Trans-Zab
2230:Inter-Zab
2154:Christian
2108:Palmyrene
2099:Samaritan
2066:Nabataean
1954:Northwest
1909:Levantine
1881:Classical
1806:Dadanitic
1358:His place
1350:His house
1305:māsī́ġno
691:Fricative
652:Affricate
443:diphthong
397:Phonology
383:Assyrians
369:Suroyo TV
333:Mlaḥthoyo
323:Etymology
305:Tur Abdin
206:Glottolog
190:ISO 639-3
4522:Politics
4393:Diaspora
4374:Mazıdağı
4330:Qamishli
4303:Sanandaj
4276:Shaqlawa
4264:Bartella
4249:Qaraqosh
4225:Homeland
4023:(5th c.)
4005:(15–116)
4003:Adiabene
3950:Arameans
3905:Ancient
3879:Clothing
3821:Hertevin
3636:Identity
3533:Arameans
3490:/Syriac
3481:See also
3441:Hertevin
3436:Garshuni
3275:Aphrahat
2836:Awsanian
2719:Tt-group
2595:Tigrinya
2474:Samalian
2451:Galilean
2444:Ugaritic
2389:Medieval
2382:Mishnaic
2366:Biblical
2347:Ammonite
2240:Sanandaj
2225:Betanure
2198:Chaldean
2195:Assyrian
2181:Qaraqosh
2171:Hértevin
2085:Galilean
2059:Lebanese
1914:Maghrebi
1874:Literary
1848:Thamudic
1834:Safaitic
1820:Hasaitic
1813:Dumaitic
1733:Akkadian
1688:Branches
1601:Semitica
1484:"Mlahsö"
1401:See also
1366:From him
1361:duksā́v
1353:baytā́v
1345:gnī́vle
1342:He stole
1337:tlī́ble
1329:zābḗnli
1318:She gave
1313:rhī́mle
1310:He loved
1195:in, into
514:emphatic
469:Alveolar
379:Qamishli
357:Qamishli
353:Qamishli
213:mlah1239
95:Qamishli
4508:Uruguay
4501:Detroit
4456:Lebanon
4436:Germany
4431:Georgia
4421:Finland
4411:Belgium
4401:Armenia
4349:Hakkari
4203:(2014–)
4197:(2003–)
4185:(1919–)
4155:(1840s)
3985:Osroene
3907:Assyria
3895:related
3889:History
3874:Cuisine
3846:Culture
3787:Aramaic
3774:(1968–)
3768:(1692–)
3762:(1552–)
3743:(1940–)
3737:(1870–)
3731:(1662–)
3360:Thoma I
2881:extinct
2877:Italics
2822:Minaean
2747:Endegen
2696:N-group
2657:Inneqor
2632:Argobba
2627:Amharic
2583:Dahalik
2555:Western
2546:Soqotri
2526:Ḥarsusi
2521:Baṭḥari
2512:Arabian
2437:Amorite
2403:Moabite
2354:Edomite
2319:Armazic
2299:Western
2275:Central
2220:Barzani
2146:eastern
2135:Aramaic
2049:Western
2033:Mandaic
2011:Eastern
1963:Aramaic
1926:Maltese
1827:Hismaic
1760:Central
1749:Eblaite
1705:Central
1386:Mlaḥsô
1383:English
1369:mēnā́v
1321:hī́vla
1297:dōmxī́
1289:Mlaḥsô
1286:English
1207:brother
1188:yōmā́n
1123:morning
1003:trouble
960:Mlaḥsô
957:English
568:Plosive
501:Glottal
494:Pharyn-
479:Palatal
329:mālaḥtā
297:Kurdish
293:Yünlüce
289:Turkish
250:Suryoyo
147:Aramaic
132:Semitic
107:Extinct
4565:Sutoro
4486:Sweden
4481:Russia
4461:Mexico
4451:Jordan
4446:Israel
4441:Greece
4426:France
4416:Canada
4369:Mardin
4359:Elazığ
4344:Turkey
4337:Khabur
4298:Salmas
4271:Ankawa
4254:Alqosh
4191:(1933)
4173:(1909)
4161:(1895)
4072:(630s)
4066:(630s)
3831:Mlaḥsô
3826:Senaya
3811:Turoyo
3791:Syriac
3725:(518–)
3704:Syriac
3471:Syriac
3466:Turoyo
3456:Senaya
3451:Mlaḥsô
3251:(2017)
3245:(1961)
3239:(1852)
3215:(1701)
3194:(1772)
3188:(1912)
3182:(1665)
3134:Kerala
3104:(1940)
3098:(1870)
3074:(1968)
3068:(1552)
2970:(1662)
2855:Sabaic
2849:Razihi
2753:Mesqan
2727:Mesmes
2676:Harari
2663:Wolane
2660:Ulbare
2653:Siltʼe
2613:versal
2611:Trans-
2541:Shehri
2531:Hobyot
2510:Modern
2481:Sutean
2429:Others
2395:Modern
2360:Hebrew
2312:Others
2287:Turoyo
2281:Mlaḥsô
2268:Others
2213:Jewish
2186:Senaya
2166:Bohtan
2161:Barwar
2144:North-
2120:Siryon
2114:Syrian
2038:Syriac
1769:Arabic
1557:
1436:Mlaḥsô
1326:I sold
1302:I wash
1260:mzītṓ
1176:šav'ṓ
1152:šensṓ
1140:tlōsō
1128:safrṓ
1104:'envḗ
1099:grapes
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1044:tár'ṓ
1020:ḥmṓrō
1015:donkey
1008:renyó
979:father
967:person
863:Vowels
489:Uvular
464:Dental
459:Labial
317:Turkey
285:Mlaḥsô
262:Turkey
254:Surayt
246:ܡܠܚܬܝܐ
238:Mlahsö
234:Mlaḥsô
226:Mlaḥsô
162:Mlaḥsô
91:Turkey
78:Region
68:Turkey
56:
54:ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
50:Mlaḥsô
48:
46:ܡܠܚܬܝܐ
40:Mlaḥsô
4310:Syria
4293:Urmia
4281:Zakho
3305:Maron
3138:India
3013:(the
2989:(512)
2964:(685)
2809:Faifi
2776:Gyeto
2770:Gumer
2763:Chaha
2733:Muher
2710:Soddo
2704:Gafat
2689:Outer
2604:South
2588:Tigre
2578:Geʽez
2571:North
2536:Mehri
2500:South
2417:Punic
2255:Zakho
2191:Suret
1710:South
1520:(PDF)
1272:toġó
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1135:three
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484:Velar
337:Suryô
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4288:Iran
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4035:1552
3123:the
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3025:1552
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2133:Neo-
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1700:West
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1236:mūn
1231:what
1212:āḥṓ
1164:īzṓ
1159:hand
1056:ḗzō
1051:goat
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984:avó
496:geal
413:and
405:and
309:Lice
301:Mela
111:1999
83:Lice
4031:410
3132:in
3021:410
2669:Zay
1438:at
1219:why
1087:ten
1032:ḥā
1027:one
431:IPA
268:by
252:or
236:or
221:ELP
197:lhs
85:in
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642:ʔ
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