516:
feature of the Moab Fault zone from the standpoint of seal potential assessment is the nearly constant presence of at least one shaley gouge layer. The shale gouge ratio is one way to describe the amount of clay smear in a fault zone, and is simply defined as the percentage of shale/clay in the slipped interval. Shale gouge ratio, when applied to sand-shale sequences, indicates the proportion of phyllosilicate material expected to be incorporated into the fault rock. Thus it provides a measure of the seal capacity, as a shale layer in a fault zone may provide an effective seal to across-fault flow. Previous studies show that a shale gouge ratio of ~20% defines the boundary between sealing and non-sealing faults, with faults sealing at shale gouge ratios above this ‘cut-off’ value. Shale gouge is present in the Moab Fault at values >c. 20%, but varies depending on the location of the transect.
319:
section, a central section (where the greatest throws are found), and a complex branching northern section that tips out to the northwest. At the north end of the Moab valley, there is a fault transfer zone, where the fault steps east. This zone transfers the displacement along the fault from one segment to another. Within this zone there is very dense faulting. Along the southern segment, footwall bed dips define a structural high symmetrically disposed about the point of maximum throw. A prominent hanging wall feature of the southern segment is the Moab
Anticline, with a crestal collapse graben accommodated by an array of normal faults. The Moab Anticline is an asymmetric fold with a wavelength of approximately 1 km, an amplitude of 350 m and a length of over 10 km.
488:. In one study, Eichhubl et al. use the distribution of calcite cement as an indicator of paleofluid migration. They infer that fault-parallel fluid flow was focused along fault segments overprinted by joints and sheared joints. These conclusions support Chan et al.’s hydrogeologic model, which proposes that hydrocarbon and basin brines from Pennsylvanian source rocks migrated along the Moab fault, moving into the porous sandstone units where they interacted with oxygenated meteoric water. Chan et al. use Ar-Ar dating to define the age of this fluid movement. They determine a mineralization age of c. 25-20 Ma, which coincides with episodic uplift of the Colorado Plateau or with
29:
179:
323:
Bartlett segment of the Moab Fault. The
Bartlett fault consist of a fault core surrounded by damage zones in the footwall and hanging wall. The fault core consists of a variety of fault rocks and entrained bodies of clastic host rocks, which indicate variation in strain intensity and deformation style. Berg and Skar suggest that the most important cause for asymmetric strain distribution is the development of the hanging wall
41:
503:, well-connected sandstones and spatially associated with cemented veins – indicating that the reduction event coincided with vein formation, and thus with the final stages of faulting. Permeability along the fault may have been promoted by the highly anisotropic shaley gouge fabrics or by fault zone fractures.
322:
The internal geometry of the Moab fault zone is complex in terms of the numbers of slip zones, the partitioning of throw between them and the distribution of fault rocks, all of which vary over the fault surface. One study by Berg and Skar analyzes the arrangement of fractures in damage zones of the
515:
Clay smear is among the family of structures that detect fluid flow in sedimentary basins. Clay smear processes are applied to instances of cross-fault flow when porous and permeable rocks, specifically sandstones and shales, are cut by normal faults. According to
Foxford et al., the most important
459:
The presence of clays in fault rock influences both the mechanical and hydrologic properties of clay-bearing faults. Field mapping shows that layers of clay gouge and shale smear are common along the Moab Fault. Solum et al. describe the occurrence of clay-rich fault along four fault zones: R191,
318:
The Moab Fault is a sharply defined brittle shear zone (1–10 m wide). The overall geometry of the southern fault segment is that of a faulted anticline, modified by a minor component of normal drag adjacent to the fault. The fault is composed of three main components: a poorly exposed southern
506:
After analyzing geochemical data of carbonate cements and iron-oxide reduced sandstones from the Moab
Anticline, Garden et al. suggest that following fault movement, the fault zone was the locus of vertical migration of over-pressured hydrocarbon and aqueous, carbonate-saturated fluids. These
498:
The Moab Fault is characterized by patterns of iron oxide reduction that also suggest the fault acted as a conduit for mineralizing fluids. It is suggested that red sandstones adjacent to the Moab Fault were bleached by reducing fluids. Iron oxide reduction is concentrated within high
306:
exposures within the Moab fault zone were described. These exposures provide excellent data on lateral variation and structure features within the fault zone. The most studied transects include the Moab Canyon, R191 Canyon,
507:
observations, combined with the extensive presence of shaley gouge even at low stratigraphic levels suggest that the Moab Fault was a conduit for fluid flow while supporting significant across-fault pressure differences.
279:
The architecture of the Moab fault zone is highly variable, and has been studied by several authors. The first systematic study was conducted by
Foxford et al. in 1998, which classified architectural elements into
468:
and
Courthouse Canyon show little difference in composition relative to protolith, suggesting that fault rock formation at the latter locations is governed by mechanical as opposed to
803:
Chan, Marjorie A.; Parry, William T.; Bowman, Jennifer R. (2001). "Diagenetic
Hematite and Manganese Oxides and Fault-Related Fluid Flow in Jurassic Sandstones, Southeastern Utah 1".
213:
The Moab Fault has been the focus of a number of studies, covering a range of topics including fault zone architecture, fault cementation, and fault seal prediction.
980:
271:. Following its deposition, the salt was deformed to form a series of salt anticlines that were ultimately buried by 1–2 km of Jurassic to Tertiary sediments.
708:"Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties"
1478:
460:
Corral Canyon, Courthouse Canyon, and the
Bartlett Wash exposure. While fault rocks along the R191 location and Bartlett Wash are enriched in clays relative to
660:
Berg, Silje S.; Skar, Tore (2005-10-01). "Controls on damage zone asymmetry of a normal fault zone: outcrop analyses of a segment of the Moab fault, SE Utah".
1604:
1288:
1412:
1609:
339:
incursions into the margins of major
Jurassic ergs. This area consists of a heterogeneous series of dominantly clastic sedimentary rocks. The basal
202:. It is about 45 km (28 mi) long and has a maximum displacement of about 960 m (3,150 ft). The fault connects with the Tenmile
1046:
973:
1372:
917:
Fristad, T.; Groth, A.; Yielding, G.; Freeman, B. (1997-01-01). "Quantitative fault seal prediction: a case study from
Oseberg Syd".
1471:
1070:
938:
551:
1247:
1423:
707:
371:-dominated, mixed mudstone-sandstone, and sandstone-rich sequences. The mixed mudstone-sandstone sequences include interbedded
28:
1362:
1578:
1532:
1357:
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1156:
1511:
1506:
1098:
1034:
500:
1516:
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1418:
51:
1211:
59:
1487:
1128:
1022:
634:
A. Foxford, K; Garden, I; Guscott, Simon; Burley, Stuart; Lewis, J.J.M.; Walsh, John J.; Watterson, J (1996-02-10),
1521:
1334:
1118:
1501:
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754:
1599:
1028:
1016:
480:
Many studies have documented multiple episodes of fluid flow along the Moab Fault since its formation in the
1324:
1206:
1093:
258:
1573:
1226:
347:
interval is separated into six sedimentologically distinct stratigraphic units: the Navajo Sandstone, the
1352:
572:"Structure and content of the Moab Fault Zone, Utah, USA, and its implications for fault seal prediction"
540:"Structure and content of the Moab fault zone, Utah, USA, and its implications for fault seal prediction"
1526:
1428:
1407:
1382:
1108:
570:
Foxford, K. A.; Walsh, J. J.; Watterson, J.; Garden, I. R.; Guscott, S. C.; Burley, S. D. (1998-01-01).
403:
1366:
881:
766:
719:
669:
583:
281:
199:
1303:
842:"An exhumed fill and spill hydrocarbon fairway in the Entrada Sandstone of the Moab Anticline, Utah"
1329:
1230:
1151:
958:
1445:
1440:
1216:
1201:
1161:
1123:
1052:
820:
755:"Structural and diagenetic control of fluid migration and cementation along the Moab fault, Utah"
607:
161:
816:
1221:
1103:
1064:
944:
934:
899:
782:
735:
685:
599:
547:
376:
372:
356:
344:
312:
195:
154:
926:
889:
812:
774:
727:
677:
591:
489:
413:
exist adjacent to the fault, especially in Jurassic Navajo and Entrada sandstones. Calcite,
360:
340:
295:
268:
246:
178:
1553:
1548:
1191:
1113:
1058:
1010:
993:
267:. The fault was reactivated at ~60 Ma, likely due to reinitiated salt movement during the
261:
149:
134:
885:
770:
723:
673:
587:
327:
and the resulting asymmetric stress pattern expected to exist during fault propagation.
1563:
1319:
1283:
539:
538:
Foxford K.A.; Walsh J.J.; Watterson J.; Garden I.R.; Guscott S.C.; Burley S.D. (1998).
426:
396:
348:
210:
has a well-defined fault zone bordered by a damage zone of minor faults and fractures.
930:
1593:
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1434:
1402:
1262:
1196:
1165:
1076:
841:
635:
611:
465:
308:
242:
94:
824:
546:. Special Publications. Vol. 147. London: Geological Society. pp. 87–103.
1377:
1298:
1169:
1040:
469:
444:
352:
595:
571:
206:
in the north and extends through the Moab-Spanish Valley to the south. The fault
1293:
1257:
1175:
288:
254:
990:
894:
869:
731:
681:
407:
380:
234:
191:
114:
948:
903:
786:
739:
689:
603:
74:
61:
492:
461:
438:
384:
364:
292:
264:
250:
238:
182:
Geology of the Moab Fault descriptive poster located at Arches National Park
363:. The stratigraphy of the outcropping fault zone can be divided into three
40:
706:
Solum, John G.; Davatzes, Nicholas C.; Lockner, David A. (December 2010).
429:
are found in immediate proximity of the fault. The presence and amount of
485:
418:
368:
335:
The sedimentation of the Moab area was primarily influenced by marine or
324:
303:
230:
226:
222:
170:
778:
753:
Eichhubl, Peter; Davatzes, Nicholas C.; Becker, Stephen P. (May 2009).
481:
400:
299:
207:
166:
1456:
868:
Vrolijk, Peter J.; Urai, Janos L.; Kettermann, Michael (2016-05-01).
422:
414:
203:
410:
285:
45:
Map depicting the regional geological setting of the Paradox basin
544:
Faulting, fault sealing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs
430:
336:
104:
1460:
962:
387:. Sandstone-rich intervals are primarily aeolian in origin.
198:
that runs approximately NW-SE, passing to the west of the
245:
in east-central Utah. The Paradox Basin is part of the
221:
The Moab Fault was active during a period between the
433:
in fault rocks is a useful indicator in determining:
533:
531:
529:
1541:
1494:
1395:
1343:
1312:
1271:
1240:
1184:
1144:
1137:
1086:
1001:
870:"Clay smear: Review of mechanisms and applications"
359:of the Entrada Sandstone, the Moab Tongue, and the
160:
148:
143:
133:
125:
120:
110:
100:
90:
50:
21:
33:Faults in the Honaker Trail Formation, Moab Canyon
919:Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications
576:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
542:. In Jones G.; Fisher Q.J.; Knipe R.J. (eds.).
253:. Movement on the basement faults began in the
1472:
974:
241:formed within the Fold and Fault Belt of the
8:
817:10.1306/A9673E82-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D
1479:
1465:
1457:
1141:
981:
967:
959:
437:Fault rock composition and mechanical and
39:
893:
1363:Middleton Place–Summerville Seismic Zone
177:
525:
16:Extensional fault near Moab, Utah (USA)
1289:Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system
1047:Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
311:, Courthouse Mine, Bartlett Wash, and
18:
1413:Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone
7:
863:
861:
836:
834:
798:
796:
701:
699:
655:
653:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
565:
563:
455:Mechanical and hydrologic properties
1605:Seismic faults of the United States
1373:Northern Appalachians Seismic Zone
14:
1071:Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone
391:Distribution of clays and cements
237:. It is associated with two salt
1248:Independence Valley fault system
27:
1610:Geography of Grand County, Utah
1424:Lesser Antilles subduction zone
637:Field geology of the Moab Fault
1579:Utah Seismic Safety Commission
1358:Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone
331:Sedimentation and stratigraphy
1:
1099:Laurentian Slope Seismic Zone
1035:Clarendon-Linden fault system
931:10.1016/S0928-8937(97)80010-0
874:Journal of Structural Geology
712:Journal of Structural Geology
662:Journal of Structural Geology
596:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.147.01.06
1419:Gulf of California Rift Zone
257:and was greatest during mid-
249:that formed during the Late
1279:Central Oklahoma Fault Zone
1129:Western Quebec Seismic Zone
1023:Canadian Arctic Rift System
447:migration in the Moab Fault
56:38°37'59.9"N, 109°40'1.2"W
1626:
1335:Wabash Valley Seismic Zone
1119:Saint Lawrence rift system
1004:(crosses national borders)
383:/lacustrine mudstones and
139:960 m (3,150 ft)
1157:Olympic–Wallowa Lineament
895:10.1016/j.jsg.2015.09.006
732:10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009
682:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.04.012
38:
26:
1029:Cascadia subduction zone
1017:Basin and Range Province
229:, with a break from mid-
75:38.633306°N 109.667000°W
1325:New Madrid Seismic Zone
1212:Newport–Inglewood Fault
1207:Mendocino Fracture Zone
1094:Charlevoix Seismic Zone
194:, United States, is an
129:45 km (28 mi)
1574:Utah Geological Survey
1227:San Jacinto Fault Zone
183:
80:38.633306; -109.667000
1429:Middle America Trench
1408:Chixoy-Polochic Fault
1383:Virginia Seismic Zone
1344:Appalachian Mountains
1145:Washington and Oregon
1109:Queen Charlotte Fault
511:Fault seal prediction
450:Fault seal prediction
441:fault zone properties
395:Distinctive types of
181:
1396:Caribbean and Mexico
200:Arches National Park
1488:Earthquakes in Utah
1353:Aiken–Augusta Fault
1330:Sandwich Fault Zone
1231:Elsinore Fault Zone
1152:Brothers Fault Zone
886:2016JSG....86...95V
779:10.1306/02180908080
771:2009BAAPG..93..653E
724:2010JSG....32.1899S
674:2005JSG....27.1803B
588:1998GSLSP.147...87F
476:Paleoflow migration
233:until at least mid-
71: /
1512:1934 Hansel Valley
1507:1921 Sevier Valley
1446:Puerto Rico Trench
1441:Pedro Miguel Fault
1346:and Atlantic Coast
1217:Puente Hills Fault
1202:Hayward Fault Zone
1124:Timiskaming Graben
1053:Puget Sound faults
991:seismically active
640:, pp. 265–283
357:Slick Rock members
217:Geological setting
184:
1587:
1586:
1517:1962 Cache Valley
1454:
1453:
1437:(Central America)
1431:(Central America)
1391:
1390:
1299:Nemaha Fault Zone
1222:Rose Canyon Fault
1104:Leech River Fault
1065:San Andreas Fault
718:(12): 1899–1911.
668:(10): 1803–1822.
345:Entrada Sandstone
196:extensional fault
176:
175:
155:extensional fault
1617:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1142:
996:of North America
983:
976:
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914:
908:
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703:
694:
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657:
648:
647:
646:
645:
631:
616:
615:
567:
558:
557:
535:
490:La Sal Mountains
361:Curtis Formation
341:Navajo Sandstone
313:Waterfall Canyon
269:Laramide orogeny
247:Colorado Plateau
86:
85:
83:
82:
81:
76:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
43:
31:
19:
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1620:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1600:Geology of Utah
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1554:Hurricane Fault
1549:Geology of Utah
1537:
1522:1992 St. George
1490:
1485:
1455:
1450:
1387:
1367:Woodstock Fault
1345:
1339:
1308:
1267:
1236:
1192:Calaveras Fault
1180:
1133:
1114:Saguenay Graben
1082:
1059:Rio Grande rift
1011:Aleutian Trench
1003:
997:
987:
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941:
916:
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379:sandstones and
333:
302:. Thirty-seven
277:
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121:Characteristics
79:
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12:
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5:
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1607:
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1582:
1581:
1576:
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1564:Toroweap Fault
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1556:
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1545:
1543:
1542:Related topics
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1535:
1533:2020 Salt Lake
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1509:
1504:
1502:1901 Richfield
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1405:
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1375:
1370:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
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1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Marianna Fault
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1304:Wilzetta Fault
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1284:Humboldt Fault
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1268:
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988:
986:
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978:
971:
963:
955:
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939:
909:
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792:
765:(5): 653–681.
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649:
617:
559:
552:
524:
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521:
518:
512:
509:
477:
474:
456:
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349:Page Sandstone
332:
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276:
275:Fault geometry
273:
262:Rocky Mountain
218:
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1577:
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1569:Wasatch Fault
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1495:Chronological
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1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:Motagua Fault
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Cayman Trough
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1285:
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1277:
1276:
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1270:
1264:
1263:Wasatch Fault
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
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1239:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1197:Garlock Fault
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:Seattle Fault
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
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1150:
1149:
1147:
1143:
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1138:United States
1136:
1130:
1127:
1125:
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1120:
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1115:
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1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1077:Tintina Fault
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
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1000:
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984:
979:
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940:9780444828255
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582:(1): 87–103.
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84:
55:
53:
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42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1558:
1378:Ramapo Fault
1272:Great Plains
1252:
1170:Tacoma Fault
1041:Denali Fault
922:
918:
912:
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873:
849:. Retrieved
846:ResearchGate
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808:
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762:
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715:
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665:
661:
642:, retrieved
636:
579:
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501:permeability
497:
479:
458:
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365:lithological
353:Dewey Bridge
334:
321:
317:
296:cataclastics
278:
220:
212:
187:
185:
135:Displacement
66:109°40′1.2″W
63:38°37′59.9″N
1294:Meers Fault
1258:Teton Fault
1241:Great Basin
1176:Walker Lane
1162:Puget Sound
925:: 107–124.
472:processes.
464:, those at
404:cementation
289:gouge zones
255:Proterozoic
78: /
52:Coordinates
1594:Categories
1559:Moab Fault
1527:2008 Wells
1253:Moab Fault
1185:California
880:: 95–152.
851:2018-11-26
644:2018-11-26
520:References
470:authigenic
439:hydrologic
408:iron oxide
385:siltstones
381:floodplain
337:lacustrine
239:anticlines
235:Cretaceous
225:and early
192:Moab, Utah
188:Moab Fault
115:Moab, Utah
22:Moab Fault
949:0928-8937
904:0191-8141
787:0149-1423
740:0191-8141
690:0191-8141
612:128401814
604:0305-8719
493:volcanism
462:protolith
445:Paleoflow
425:cemented
411:reduction
293:sandstone
282:slip band
265:tectonism
251:Paleozoic
144:Tectonics
1529:(Nevada)
825:43496281
486:Triassic
419:ankerite
369:mudstone
367:groups:
325:syncline
304:transect
300:breccias
231:Jurassic
227:Tertiary
223:Triassic
171:Triassic
1313:Midwest
1079:(US–CA)
1073:(US–CA)
1067:(US–MX)
1061:(US–MX)
1055:(US–CA)
1049:(CA–US)
1043:(US–CA)
1037:(US–CA)
1031:(US–CA)
1025:(CA–GL)
1019:(US–MX)
1013:(US–RU)
882:Bibcode
767:Bibcode
720:Bibcode
670:Bibcode
584:Bibcode
401:calcite
397:veining
377:aeolian
373:fluvial
343:to top
284:zones,
208:outcrop
190:, near
167:Permian
91:Country
1415:(Cuba)
1087:Canada
994:faults
989:Major
947:
937:
902:
823:
785:
738:
688:
610:
602:
550:
423:pyrite
421:, and
415:barite
351:, the
286:shaley
204:graben
126:Length
111:Cities
821:S2CID
608:S2CID
482:Permo
431:clays
427:veins
101:State
945:ISSN
935:ISBN
900:ISSN
783:ISSN
736:ISSN
686:ISSN
600:ISSN
548:ISBN
406:and
375:and
355:and
298:and
291:and
186:The
150:Type
105:Utah
927:doi
890:doi
813:doi
775:doi
728:doi
678:doi
592:doi
580:147
162:Age
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