488:, and subtropical water fleas. Invasive fishes include common carp and grass carp. The invasive species that poses the largest threat to the entire ecosystem is wild swine. They are detrimental to the entire Alabama ecosystem because they will eat almost any type of plant or animal materials, including agricultural crops, food discarded by humans, carrion, small mammals, birds, turtles, snakes, and amphibians. Humans are considered the only significant threat to the hog population, which is why they are one of the only hunted animals in the state that are not monitored by a season for hunting.
497:
1174:
161:. This large river delta is approximately 45 miles long and averages 8 miles wide, being 16 miles wide at its widest point. It covers approximately 300 square miles. Of its 260,000 acres, 20,000 acres consist of open water, 10,000 acres of marsh, 70,000 acres of swamp; and more than 85,000 acres of bottomland forest. It drains an area of about 44,000 sq miles, which includes 64% of Alabama and small portions of Georgia and Mississippi.
1817:
468:
significant man-made obstructions to the delta. The causeway restricts sediment and water exchange with Mobile Bay resulting in an immensely higher sedimentation rate. The loss of hydrological connectivity between the Delta and Mobile Bay reduced the salinity of the surrounding rivers and bay. Several species of fish, crustaceans, shellfish, and plant communities have been altered as a result of reduced salinity.
302:(approximately 18,000 years ago), when the sea level was much lower and Alabama's coastline was about 60 miles (97 km) south of its present location, the waterways of the delta valley extended much farther than their current-day southern termination at the head of Mobile Bay. As the ice age ended and global temperatures increased, sea levels began to rise again to their present-day level.
40:
471:
It is important to recognize that human activates resulting in upstream pollution within the Mobile River Basin have profound impacts on the Mobile-Tensaw Delta. Such pollution can include sediments, trace elements, metals, and pesticides draining from the basin upstream. Trace elements detected in
463:
According to the
Forever Wild ranking system, the Mobile-Tensaw Delta is one of their top priorities for protection. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (ADCNR) Game & Fish Division has also listed the Mobile-Tensaw Delta as one of their highest priorities for inclusion
479:
Exotic invasive plant and animal species have permanently altered the Mobile–Tensaw River Delta’s ecology. Both invasive plants and animals pose a threat to the native populations of wildlife that call the Mobile Delta home. Some of the most common non-native invasive plant species to conquer the
261:
and submersed grass beds. As one of the most biologically diverse regions in both
Alabama and the United States, it is home to 126 species of fish, 46 mammals, 69 reptiles, 30 amphibians, and at least 300 species of bird, including more than 110 which nest in the region. The delta's considerable
475:
Upstream dams are put into place most commonly for the purposes of power generation, navigation, and flood control. Dams distort the natural hydrological flow by either physically restricting movement of wildlife or by creating large areas of inhospitable habitat. In both cases, populations are
467:
Conservators’ wide range of obstacles include hydrological alterations from man-made developments, stream pollution, the effects of upstream dams on stream flow, and effects of exotic invasive plant and animal species. The construction of the causeway in the 1920s is considered one of the most
464:
into the state
Wildlife Management Area System. The delta is one of 327 watersheds (of the 2,100 in the United States) to be deemed as being of irreplaceable value to conserving populations of all freshwater fish and mussel species at risk.
459:
The Mobile–Tensaw River Delta and the adjacent Mobile estuary make up one of the largest wetland ecosystems in the United States, which is why protecting its wide range of biodiversity is a top priority for conservators.
472:
fish tissue collected from sites throughout the Mobile River Basin suggest that aluminum, boron, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, strontium, and zinc are the trace elements that are most prevalent in the water.
1502:
1476:
476:
isolated, which can have detrimental effects on reproduction and natural migration. The
Claiborne Lock and Dam is the largest dam upstream of the Mobile water basin located in Monroe County, Alabama.
354:
near the confluence of the
Alabama and Tombigbee rivers in August 1813, where they killed most of the mixed-blood Tensaw and Lower Town Creeks, intermarried whites, slaves, and nearly 275 militia.
2350:
2079:
1883:
294:
The delta lies in a river valley which began forming several million years ago. Many separate inland streams joined as they flowed southward across land which was once covered by the
395:
2420:
1853:
674:
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71:
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157:. It encompasses approximately 260,000 acres (110,000 ha) in a 40-by-10-mile (64 km × 16 km) area and is the second largest delta in the
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2178:
704:
1749:
543:
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2022:
2012:
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338:. In the 16th century, the area was visited by Spanish forces. French explorers arrived in the last years of the 17th century, eventually settling
1846:
1487:
931:
Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and streambed sediment in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Mississippi, and
Georgia, 1998
279:
2065:
2037:
1874:
1026:
1640:
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delta include
Eurasian watermilfoil, hydrilla, water hyacinth, and common salvinia. The most common invasive invertebrates include the Amazonian
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2017:
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2002:
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2007:
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Most of the Delta is very shallow water. To access these areas, airboats, canoes, kayaks or other small craft are typically used.
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1997:
1992:
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789:. Nature Conservancy, in cooperation with Natural Heritage Programs and the Association for Biodiversity Information.
2148:
1424:
834:"An Evaluation of Temporal Changes in Sediment Accumulation and Impacts on Carbon Burial in Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA"
881:"Effects of reduced hydrological connectivity on the nursery use of shallow estuarine habitats within a river delta"
2050:
1601:
1444:
1116:
323:
258:
221:
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2138:
1954:
1383:
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185:
116:
609:
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1974:
1959:
1820:
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was built across the lowest part of the delta, connecting the western and eastern shores of Mobile Bay. Later,
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2213:
2143:
1949:
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and the Tensaw River. During the late prehistoric period, other peoples moved into the area, including the
205:
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2301:
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provides a system of waterways by which boaters may explore the delta. The area is known for its excellent
2203:
1729:
1611:
1517:
1482:
1459:
1419:
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are popular in the Mobile Delta. Boat ramps and water access points are abundant throughout the area. The
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in 1974, and four sites within the Delta are also listed on the
National Register of Historic Places.
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1734:
1676:
1454:
1363:
1327:
1144:
892:
387:
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The Mobile–Tensaw delta is ecologically important and includes a wide variety of habitats, including
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1129:
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407:
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165:
17:
896:
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Humans inhabited the delta region at least as far back as 5,000 years ago. During the
295:
271:
251:
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747:
643:"Descendants' Stories of the Clotilda Slave Ship Drew Doubts. Now Some See Validation"
565:
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1332:
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833:
516:
481:
244:
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169:
880:
1777:
1378:
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1228:
705:"'Still fighting': Africatown, site of last US slave shipment, sues over pollution"
283:
267:
181:
177:
595:"E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation » Celebrating Mobile Delta Biodiversity"
1558:
786:
Rivers of life : critical watersheds for protecting freshwater biodiversity
236:
172:
rivers and follows a southerly direction that ultimately opens into the head of
146:
610:"Opinion | On an Endangered River, Another Toxic Disaster Is Waiting to Happen"
1724:
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1312:
1223:
1213:
1188:
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403:
383:
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998:
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86:
73:
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375:
343:
582:
39:
358:
275:
2121:
1866:
1802:
1797:
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1066:
U.S. Geological Survey Map Mobile-Tensaw Delta
Wildlife Management Area
520:
508:
504:
371:
335:
327:
299:
154:
150:
57:
1074:
at the U.S. Geological Survey Map
Website. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
1068:
at the U.S. Geological Survey Map Website. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
905:
784:
978:
929:
342:
in 1702 at Twenty-seven Mile Bluff on the Mobile River. During the
495:
319:
254:
247:
2354:
1077:
1072:
U.S. Geological Survey Map W. L. Holland Wildlife Management Area
783:
R., Stein, Bruce A. Master, Lawrence L. Flack, Stephanie (1998).
441:
437:
1835:
1081:
432:
system, opened across the delta in 1872. In the mid-1920s, the
675:"The Last Ship to Bring Slaves to the U.S. Has Not Been Found"
429:
832:
Smith, Christopher G.; Osterman, Lisa E. (September 2014).
262:
biodiversity has led to it being described as an "American
447:
An area of 190,000 acres of the Delta was designated as a
2351:
Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
164:
The delta's northernmost point is the confluence of the
934:. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
444:
were constructed to span different parts of the area.
954:"Alabama River at Claiborne L&D Near Monroeville"
274:
has written about the delta and its vulnerability to
2310:
2267:
2129:
2120:
2078:
2064:
2036:
1973:
1940:
1912:
1882:
1873:
1763:
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1659:
1584:
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1536:
1468:
1407:
1346:
1285:
1267:
1181:
1115:
879:Rozas, Lp; Martin, Cw; Valentine, Jf (2013-10-31).
366:arrived in the Delta on July 7, 1860, carrying 103
123:
114:
102:
63:
53:
32:
736:The Louisville and Nashville Railroad 1850-1963,
27:Large river delta system located in Alabama, USA
1503:Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception
641:Garcia, Sandra E.; Haag, Matthew (2018-01-25).
1847:
1745:National African American Archives and Museum
1093:
760:"Forever Wild Meeting Minutes | Forever Wild"
44:Bottle Creek in the Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
8:
2421:Alabama placenames of Native American origin
1011:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
817:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2103:Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail
738:Kincaid A. Herr, 2009 paperback ed., p. 58.
578:
576:
574:
2376:Protected areas of Baldwin County, Alabama
2126:
1879:
1854:
1840:
1832:
1581:
1100:
1086:
1078:
583:South Alabama Regional Planning Commission
29:
2381:Protected areas of Mobile County, Alabama
1631:Alabama School of Mathematics and Science
904:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
1488:Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company
280:James M. Barry Electric Generating Plant
535:
1004:
810:
378:to prevent being prosecuted under the
2386:National Natural Landmarks in Alabama
2088:Little River Canyon National Preserve
424:A railroad line to connect Mobile to
380:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
204:. It is contained within sections of
122:
113:
7:
2401:Landforms of Baldwin County, Alabama
421:, located on the edge of the delta.
417:took place at the fortified town of
402:would establish the neighborhood of
2406:Landforms of Mobile County, Alabama
386:to enter the United States via the
25:
2391:River deltas of the United States
2098:Pinhoti National Recreation Trail
1430:Renaissance Riverview Plaza Hotel
413:The last important battle of the
398:, many of the descendants of the
1816:
1815:
1172:
977:L., Best, Troy (15 April 2014).
52:
38:
2330:Mobile-Tensaw Delta-W L Holland
2066:National Wild and Scenic Rivers
1338:VT Mobile Aerospace Engineering
1318:BAE Systems Southeast Shipyards
983:. University of Alabama Press.
298:. By the end of the last major
106:260,000 acres (110,000 ha)
101:
1667:Bishop State Community College
885:Marine Ecology Progress Series
703:Zanolli, Lauren (2018-01-26).
608:Renkl, Margaret (2022-05-09).
117:U.S. National Natural Landmark
1:
1651:UMS-Wright Preparatory School
1051:Alabama Coastal Bird Watching
500:5 River Delta Resource Center
1544:Bellingrath Gardens and Home
681:. 2018-03-06. Archived from
1682:University of South Alabama
1646:St. Paul's Episcopal School
1641:McGill–Toolen Catholic High
1415:Tallest buildings in Mobile
1293:Mobile Aeroplex at Brookley
2437:
2051:Dugger Mountain Wilderness
1528:Sha'arai Shomayim Cemetery
1170:
764:www.alabamaforeverwild.com
523:is also a common pastime.
2347:
2312:Wildlife Management Areas
2179:Confederate Memorial Park
1975:National Wildlife Refuges
1811:
1750:Oakleigh Historic Complex
1384:Mobile Symphony Orchestra
1234:Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
850:10.1007/s12237-013-9731-z
568:, Encyclopedia of Alabama
449:National Natural Landmark
392:Emancipation Proclamation
143:Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
135:
131:
110:
49:
37:
33:Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
18:Mobile-Tensaw River Delta
1702:Battleship Memorial Park
1564:Mobile Botanical Gardens
1323:Continental Motors, Inc.
1135:Battle of Fort Charlotte
928:Zappia, Humbert (2002).
679:National Geographic News
159:contiguous United States
1922:Birmingham Civil Rights
1513:Church Street Graveyard
1435:Mobile Government Plaza
1308:Mobile Regional Airport
1303:Mobile Downtown Airport
1204:Brookley Air Force Base
228:Environment and ecology
87:30.754228°N 87.942123°W
1730:Mobile Carnival Museum
1483:Ahavas Chesed Cemetery
1460:The Battle House Hotel
1425:RSA–BankTrust Building
1420:RSA Battle House Tower
1150:Battle of Spanish Fort
501:
368:enslaved West Africans
2080:Other protected areas
1440:Regions Bank Building
566:"Mobile–Tensaw Delta"
499:
92:30.754228; -87.942123
2411:Estuaries of Alabama
1735:Mobile Museum of Art
1677:University of Mobile
1455:Van Antwerp Building
1364:Mardi Gras in Mobile
1328:Signal International
1145:Battle of Mobile Bay
838:Estuaries and Coasts
396:Thirteenth Amendment
388:Atlantic slave trade
312:Mississippian period
2416:Wetlands of Alabama
2254:Tannehill Ironworks
2093:Natchez Trace Trail
1965:William B. Bankhead
1672:Spring Hill College
1602:LeFlore Magnet High
1450:Providence Hospital
1374:Mobile Civic Center
1369:Mobile Arts Council
897:2013MEPS..492....9R
685:on January 24, 2018
513:Bartram Canoe Trail
455:Conservation issues
282:upstream along the
278:pollution from the
83: /
1914:National Monuments
1904:Tuskegee Institute
1886:and Historic Sites
1755:Richards DAR House
1394:People from Mobile
1354:Azalea Trail Maids
1164:Magazine explosion
980:Mammals of Alabama
958:waterdata.usgs.gov
647:The New York Times
614:The New York Times
502:
428:, now part of the
415:American Civil War
382:. It was the last
259:bottomland forests
202:Battleship Parkway
2363:
2362:
2343:
2342:
2209:Lake Guntersville
2154:Cathedral Caverns
2116:
2115:
2108:Weeks Bay Reserve
2056:Sipsey Wilderness
2046:Cheaha Wilderness
2023:Watercress Darter
2013:Mountain Longleaf
1829:
1828:
1690:
1689:
1592:Mobile County PSS
1523:Magnolia Cemetery
1508:Catholic Cemetery
1445:Wachovia Building
1219:Government Street
1194:Airport Boulevard
1027:"Outdoor Alabama"
990:978-0-8173-5749-8
906:10.3354/meps10486
796:978-0-9624590-0-9
316:Pensacola culture
139:
138:
16:(Redirected from
2428:
2244:Rickwood Caverns
2127:
2038:Wilderness areas
1942:National Forests
1880:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1833:
1819:
1818:
1740:Museum of Mobile
1582:
1554:Cathedral Square
1549:Bienville Square
1176:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1029:. Archived from
1023:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1002:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
950:
944:
943:
925:
919:
918:
908:
876:
870:
869:
844:(5): 1092–1106.
829:
823:
822:
816:
808:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
756:
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745:
739:
733:
727:
726:
724:
723:
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631:
629:
628:
605:
599:
598:
591:
585:
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569:
563:
548:
547:
544:"Dauphin island"
540:
314:, people of the
266:" by naturalist
200:rivers near the
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
42:
30:
21:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2339:
2335:Gaillard Island
2306:
2263:
2112:
2074:
2060:
2032:
1969:
1936:
1908:
1899:Tuskegee Airmen
1885:
1869:
1863:Protected areas
1860:
1830:
1825:
1807:
1759:
1686:
1655:
1617:Williamson High
1612:B. C. Rain High
1573:
1569:Mardi Gras Park
1532:
1464:
1403:
1399:Saenger Theatre
1342:
1281:
1263:
1199:Blakeley Island
1177:
1168:
1111:
1106:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1003:
991:
976:
975:
971:
962:
960:
952:
951:
947:
927:
926:
922:
878:
877:
873:
831:
830:
826:
809:
797:
782:
781:
777:
768:
766:
758:
757:
753:
748:NPS NNL Summary
746:
742:
734:
730:
721:
719:
702:
701:
697:
688:
686:
673:
672:
668:
659:
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607:
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602:
593:
592:
588:
581:
572:
564:
551:
542:
541:
537:
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494:
457:
340:colonial Mobile
308:
292:
290:Natural history
230:
145:is the largest
119:
91:
89:
85:
82:
77:
74:
72:
70:
69:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2413:
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2216:
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2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
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2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Bladon Springs
2135:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
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2031:
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2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1927:Freedom Riders
1924:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1894:Horseshoe Bend
1890:
1888:
1884:National Parks
1877:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1783:Press-Register
1780:
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1757:
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2320:Cahaba River
2292:Little River
2234:Oak Mountain
2214:Lake Lurleen
2144:Blue Springs
1988:Cahaba River
1932:Russell Cave
1778:Mod Mobilian
1716:
1708:
1621:
1537:Green spaces
1408:Architecture
1379:Mobile Opera
1259:Toulminville
1244:Pinto Island
1233:
1229:Mobile River
1156:
1046:
1035:. Retrieved
1031:the original
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961:. Retrieved
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709:The Guardian
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683:the original
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482:apple snails
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390:. After the
370:captured in
361:
356:
346:, Red Stick
324:Bottle Creek
309:
293:
284:Mobile River
268:E. O. Wilson
237:flood plains
231:
176:through the
163:
142:
140:
2277:Choccolocco
2204:Joe Wheeler
2131:State Parks
2072:Sipsey Fork
1607:Murphy High
1559:Langan Park
1254:Spring Hill
147:river delta
90: /
65:Coordinates
2396:Mobile Bay
2370:Categories
2325:Lauderdale
2259:Wind Creek
2229:Monte Sano
2018:Sauta Cave
1983:Bon Secour
1725:Fort Conde
1623:Baker High
1498:Duffie Oak
1313:Austal USA
1224:Mobile Bay
1214:Fowl River
1189:Africatown
1037:2010-05-24
963:2023-03-19
805:1240796685
769:2023-03-19
722:2019-04-03
689:2019-04-03
660:2019-04-03
627:2022-05-09
530:References
492:Recreation
426:Montgomery
404:Africatown
384:slave ship
374:, and was
334:, and the
224:counties.
222:Washington
174:Mobile Bay
124:Designated
78:87°56′32″W
75:30°45′15″N
2219:Lakepoint
2174:Chickasaw
2003:Fern Cave
1955:Talladega
1773:Lagniappe
1715:USS
1707:USS
1578:Education
1209:Dog River
1182:Geography
1130:Formation
1007:cite book
999:844073964
915:0171-8630
866:129582828
858:1559-2723
813:cite book
717:0261-3077
655:0362-4331
622:0362-4331
352:Fort Mims
350:attacked
344:Creek War
186:Apalachee
166:Tombigbee
2302:Weogufka
2169:Chewacla
2008:Key Cave
1960:Tuskegee
1821:Category
1660:Tertiary
1268:Politics
1158:Clotilda
1125:Timeline
940:50767596
891:: 9–20.
434:Causeway
419:Blakeley
400:Clotilda
394:and the
376:scuttled
363:Clotilda
359:schooner
276:coal ash
250:, tidal
194:Blakeley
127:May 1974
54:Location
2189:Florala
2028:Wheeler
1998:Eufaula
1993:Choctaw
1950:Conecuh
1875:Federal
1867:Alabama
1803:WPMI 15
1793:WFNA 55
1788:WALA 10
1709:Alabama
1695:Museums
1359:Bayfest
1347:Culture
1286:Economy
1274:Mayor (
1117:History
893:Bibcode
521:Hunting
509:fishing
505:Boating
372:Dahomey
336:Choctaw
328:Taensas
306:History
300:ice age
255:marshes
241:cypress
206:Baldwin
198:Spanish
170:Alabama
155:Alabama
151:wetland
58:Alabama
2287:Geneva
2224:Meaher
2184:DeSoto
2164:Cheaha
1798:WKRG 5
1475:NRHP (
997:
987:
938:
913:
864:
856:
803:
793:
715:
653:
620:
408:Mobile
348:Creeks
322:along
320:mounds
264:Amazon
248:swamps
220:, and
218:Monroe
214:Mobile
210:Clarke
196:, and
190:Middle
182:Tensaw
178:Mobile
2297:Macon
2282:Hauss
2122:State
1765:Media
862:S2CID
332:Creek
234:mesic
2199:Gulf
1717:Drum
1585:K–12
1477:list
1276:list
1013:link
995:OCLC
985:ISBN
936:OCLC
911:ISSN
854:ISSN
819:link
801:OCLC
791:ISBN
713:ISSN
651:ISSN
618:ISSN
507:and
442:I-10
440:and
438:I-65
357:The
168:and
149:and
141:The
103:Area
2355:web
1865:of
901:doi
889:492
846:doi
519:.
430:CSX
406:in
245:gum
153:in
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1005:{{
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903::
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848::
821:)
807:.
772:.
725:.
692:.
663:.
630:.
597:.
546:.
243:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
