521:(FA) stores information about mobile nodes visiting its network. Foreign agents also advertise care-of addresses, which are used by Mobile IP. If there is no foreign agent in the host network, the mobile device has to take care of getting an address and advertising that address by its own means. The FA acts as a router on a MH’s visited network which provides routing services to the MH while registered. FA detunnels and delivers datagrams to the MH that were tunneled by the MH’s HA
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Researchers are also working to create support for mobile networking between entire subnets with support from Mobile IPv6. One such example is
Network Mobility (NEMO) Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol by the IETF Network Mobility Working Group which supports mobility for entire Mobile Networks
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The goal of IP Mobility is to maintain the TCP connection between a mobile host and a static host while reducing the effects of location changes while the mobile host is moving around, without having to change the underlying TCP/IP. To solve the problem, the RFC allows for a kind of proxy agent to
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A node wanting to communicate with the mobile node uses the permanent home address of the mobile node as the destination address to send packets to. Because the home address logically belongs to the network associated with the home agent, normal IP routing mechanisms forward these packets to the
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Researchers create support for mobile networking without requiring any pre-deployed infrastructure as it currently is required by MIP. One such example is
Interactive Protocol for Mobile Networking (IPMN) which promises supporting mobility on a regular IP network just from the network edges by
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by tunneling the mobile node's packets to the home agent, which in turn forwards them to the communicating node. This is needed in networks whose gateway routers check that the source IP address of the mobile host belongs to their subnet or discard the packet otherwise. In Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6),
514:(HA) stores information about mobile nodes whose permanent home address is in the home agent's network. The HA acts as a router on a mobile host's (MH) home network which tunnels datagrams for delivery to the MH when it is away from home, maintains a location directory (LD) for the MH.
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for discovery, they only play a part. RFC 2002 specified that MN use agent discovery to locate these entities. When connected to a foreign network, a MN has to determine the foreign agent care-of-address being offered by each foreign agent on the network.
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The Mobile IP allows for location-independent routing of IP datagrams on the
Internet. Each mobile node is identified by its home address disregarding its current location in the Internet. While away from its home network, a mobile node is associated with a
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Enhancements to the Mobile IP technique, such as Mobile IPv6 and
Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) defined in RFC 5380, are being developed to improve mobile communications in certain circumstances by making the processes more secure and more efficient.
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When acting as transmitter, a mobile node sends packets directly to the other communicating node, without sending the packets through the home agent, using its permanent home address as the source address for the IP packets. This is known as
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A Mobile Node (MN) is responsible for discovering whether it is connected to its home network or has moved to a foreign network. HA’s and FA’s broadcast their presence on each network to which they are attached. They are not solely
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on a mobile node’s home network which tunnels datagrams for delivery to the mobile node when it is away from home. It maintains current location (IP address) information for the mobile node. It is used with one or more foreign
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home agent. Instead of forwarding these packets to a destination that is physically in the same network as the home agent, the home agent redirects these packets towards the remote address through an
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that move and to attach to different points in the
Internet. The protocol is an extension of Mobile IPv6 and allows session continuity for every node in the Mobile Network as the network moves.
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Mobile IP is not required within cellular systems such as 3G, to provide transparency when
Internet users migrate between cellular towers, since these systems provide their own data link layer
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A foreign agent is a router that stores information about mobile nodes visiting its network. Foreign agents also advertise care-of-addresses which are used by Mobile IP.
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Mobile IP is most often found in wired and wireless environments where users need to carry their mobile devices across multiple LAN subnets. Examples of use are in
452:), sudden changes in network connectivity and IP address can cause problems. Mobile IP was designed to support seamless and continuous Internet connectivity.
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New
Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6) messages to discover the set of home agents and to obtain the prefix of the home link
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that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address. Mobile IP for
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506:(CoA), which is associated with the network the mobile node is visiting. Two kinds of entities comprise a Mobile IP implementation:
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The home network of a mobile device is the network within which the device receives its identifying IP address (home address).
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which identifies its current location and its home address is associated with the local endpoint of a tunnel to its
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and roaming mechanisms. However, it is often used in 3G systems to allow seamless IP mobility between different
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intelligent signalling between IP at end-points and application layer module with improved quality of service.
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is a termination point of a tunnel toward a MH, for datagrams forwarded to the MH while it is away from home.
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of a mobile device is the network-native IP address of the device when operating in a foreign network.
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A foreign network is the network in which a mobile node is operating when away from its home network.
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The home address of a mobile device is the IP address assigned to the device within its home network.
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Elsevier
Computer Networks Journal, special issue on The New Internet Architecture, September 2002
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by encapsulating the datagram with a new IP header using the care of address of the mobile node.
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In
Proceedings of the International Teletraffic Congress (ITC), Berlin, Germany, August 2003.
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Changes to router discovery messages and options and additional
Neighbor Discovery options
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A Simulation Study on the Performance of Mobile IPv6 in a WLAN-Based Cellular Network
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Foreign agent care-of address: the address of a foreign agent that MH registers with
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567:"reverse tunneling" is the default behaviour, with RO being an optional behaviour.
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Using IPsec to Protect Mobile IPv6 Signaling Between Mobile Nodes and Home Agents
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co-located care-of address: an externally obtained local address that a MH gets.
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or "route optimization" (RO) mode. If needed, the foreign agent could employ
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is described in IETF RFC 5944, and extensions are defined in IETF RFC 4721.
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A binding is the association of the home address with a care-of address.
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A Simulation Study on the Performance of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6
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A mobile node has two addresses – a permanent home address and a
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Internet Engineering Task Force standard communications protocol
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Mobility Extensions for IPv6 (mext) IETF Working Group Web site
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Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 is described in IETF RFC 5568.
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A new Home Address option for the Destination Options header
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A set of mobility options to include in mobility messages
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Protocols for Adaptive Mobile and Wireless Networking
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RFC 4721 – Mobile IPv4 Challenge/Response Extensions
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between overlapping wireless systems, e.g., IP over
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766:X.Pérez-Costa, M.Torrent-Moreno and H.Hartenstein.
983:Comparison of IPv6 support in common applications
801:RFC 5944 – IP Mobility Support for IPv4, Revised
499:between a mobile host and a correspondent host.
978:Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems
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811:RFC 3024 – Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP
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973:World IPv6 Day and World IPv6 Launch Day
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827:Web Archives (archived 2001-11-16)
862:J. Arkko, V. Devarapalli, F. Dupont.
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796:RFC 6275 – Mobility support for IPv6
841:Mobile IPv6 -- A short introduction
709:Identifier-Locator Network Protocol
611:Foreign Agents are no longer needed
855:D. Johnson, C. Perkins, J. Arkko.
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753:X.Pérez-Costa and H.Hartenstein.
831:Mobile IP explained (a tutorial)
870:The CDG wiki page for Mobile IP
591:Changes in IPv6 for Mobile IPv6
30:(IETF) standard communications
28:Internet Engineering Task Force
791:RFC 2002 – IP Mobility Support
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1035:Multicast Listener Discovery
444:In many applications (e.g.,
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1030:Neighbor Discovery Protocol
851:Linux Documentation Project
602:A new Type 2 Routing header
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1045:Multicast router discovery
1040:Secure Neighbor Discovery
1004:IPv6 transition mechanism
857:Mobility Support in IPv6
698:GPRS Tunnelling Protocol
484:packet data serving node
1073:Network layer protocols
999:IPv4 address exhaustion
847:Linux Mobile IPv6 HOWTO
57:Internet protocol suite
703:Host Identity Protocol
490:Operational principles
866:. RFC 3776. June 2004
859:. RFC 6275. June 2011
992:IPv4 to IPv6 topics
825:Library of Congress
715:Mobility management
616:Definition of terms
875:2016-03-04 at the
773:2012-03-06 at the
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560:triangular routing
1078:Internet Protocol
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843:by Holger Zuleger
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726:Vertical handover
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945:Mobile IPv6
940:IPv6 packet
571:Development
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40:Mobile IPv6
1067:Categories
954:Deployment
732:References
659:Home agent
512:home agent
497:middle-man
430:home agent
346:Link layer
916:version 6
552:IP tunnel
495:act as a
20:Mobile IP
873:Archived
771:Archived
722:(PMIPv6)
692:See also
480:handover
32:protocol
26:) is an
923:General
849:on the
823:at the
684:Binding
669:agents.
457:roaming
426:address
424:care-of
376:more...
360:Tunnels
336:more...
269:more...
219:more...
208:TLS/SSL
163:ONC/RPC
100: (
1025:ICMPv6
1020:DHCPv6
711:(ILNP)
666:router
434:tunnel
203:Telnet
102:HTTP/3
705:(HIP)
469:WiMAX
330:IPsec
108:HTTPS
930:IPv6
648:The
471:and
465:WLAN
450:VoIP
325:IGMP
305:ICMP
263:QUIC
258:RSVP
253:SCTP
248:DCCP
213:XMPP
193:SNMP
188:SMTP
173:RTSP
148:OSPF
138:NNTP
133:MQTT
128:MGCP
123:LDAP
113:IMAP
98:HTTP
78:DHCP
48:IPv6
36:IPv4
22:(or
966:6rd
473:BWA
461:DVB
446:VPN
370:MAC
365:PPP
355:ARP
320:ECN
315:NDP
243:UDP
238:TCP
198:SSH
183:SIP
178:RIP
168:RTP
158:PTP
153:POP
143:NTP
118:IRC
93:FTP
88:DNS
73:BGP
24:MIP
1069::
517:A
510:A
475:.
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436:.
309:v6
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293:v4
288:IP
82:v6
46:,
905:e
898:t
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404:e
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80:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.