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The
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) is the identity that is most commonly sent between the mobile and the network. Depending on the necessary precision, a TMSI may be set by a VLR, SGSN, or MME. In the least-precise case, TMSI is randomly assigned by the VLR to every mobile in the area,
214:
The mobile also stores the current LAC in the SIM card, concatenating it to a list of recently used LACs. This is done to avoid unnecessary IMSI attachment procedures in case the mobile has been forced to switch off (by removing the battery, for example) without having a chance to notify the network
370:
The bursty nature of packet traffic means that more paging messages are expected per mobile, and so it is worth knowing the location of the mobile more accurately than it would be with traditional circuit-switched traffic. A change from routing area to routing area (called a "Routing Area Update")
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and power on mobile devices by requiring them to listen for broadcast messages too often. Similarly if on the other hand, there are too many small location areas, the mobile device must contact the network very often for changes of location, which will also drain the device’s battery. Therefore, it
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If the location areas are large and moderately populated, there will likely be a high number of mobiles operating simultaneously, resulting in very high paging traffic. This is due to the fact that every paging request has to be broadcast to every base station in the location area. Ultimately, this
251:
The VLR, SGSN, and MME must be capable of correlating an allocated TMSI with the IMSI of the MS to which it is allocated. An MS may be allocated three TMSIs; one for services provided through the MSC (the TMSI), one for services provided through the SGSN (the packet-TMSI or P-TMSI), and one for the
234:
update is required. This is also required of a stationary mobile that reselects coverage from a cell in a different location area, because of signal fade. Thus, a subscriber has reliable access to the network and may be reached with a call, while enjoying the freedom of mobility within the whole
238:
When a subscriber is paged in an attempt to deliver a call or SMS and the subscriber does not reply to that page then the subscriber is marked as absent in both the MSC/VLR and the Home
Location Register (HLR) (Mobile not reachable flag MNRF is set). The next time the mobile performs a location
206:
device to inform the cellular network whenever it moves from one location area to the next. Mobiles are responsible for detecting location area codes (LAC). When a mobile finds that the location area code is different from its last update, it performs another update by sending to the network, a
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The network can also change the TMSI of the mobile at any time. And it normally does so, in order to avoid the subscriber from being identified, and tracked by eavesdroppers on the radio interface. This makes it difficult to trace which mobile is which, except briefly, when the mobile is just
334:
Each location area has an assigned unique identifier, made up of numbers, called a "location area code" (LAC). The LAC is broadcast by each base station at regular intervals. Within a location area, each base station is assigned a distinct "cell identifier" (CI) number, see also
290:. Roaming is defined as the ability for a cellular customer to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services, including home data services, when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of the home
263:
A key use of the TMSI is in paging a mobile. "Paging" is the one-to-one communication between the mobile and the base station. The most important use of broadcast information is to set up channels for "paging". Every cellular system has a
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contains a section defining the
Identification of location areas and base stations, using LAI, LAC, RAI, RAC, CI, CGI, BSIC, RSZI, LN, SAI. Also a section on Identification of mobile subscribers, using IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, LMSI,
294:, by means of using a visited network. This can be done by using a communication terminal or else just by using the subscriber identity in the visited network. Roaming is technically supported by a mobility management,
394:
Operators can allocate different TA lists to different UEs. This can avoid signaling peaks in some conditions: for instance, the UEs of passengers of a train may not perform tracking area updates simultaneously.
331:(RNC) in UMTS. The BSC / RNC is the intelligence behind the base stations; it handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, and controls handovers between base stations.
248:
the moment it is switched on, in order to support identity confidentiality. The number is local to a location area, and so it has to be updated each time the mobile moves to a new geographical area.
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The routing area is the packet-switched domain equivalent of the location area. A "routing area" is normally a subdivision of a "location area". Routing areas are used by mobiles which are
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counterpart of the location area and routing area. A tracking area is a set of cells. Tracking areas can be grouped into lists of tracking areas (TA lists), which can be configured on the
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There are several reasons why a mobile may provide updated location information to the network. Whenever a mobile is switched on or off, the network may require it to perform an
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with an IMSI detach and then switched on right after it has been turned off. Considering the fact that the mobile is still associated with the Mobile
Switching Center/
187:. By integrating the coverage of each of these base stations, a cellular network provides a radio coverage over a much wider area. For GSM, a base station is called a
360:-attached. GPRS is optimized for "bursty" data communication services, such as wireless internet/intranet, and multimedia services. It is also known as GSM-IP ("
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switched on, or when the data in the mobile becomes invalid for one reason or another. At that point, the global "international mobile subscriber identity" (
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is done in an almost identical way to a change from location area to location area. The main differences are that the "Serving GPRS Support Node" (
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or IMSI detach location update procedure. Also, each mobile is required to regularly report its location at a set time interval using a
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of individual cells, known as base stations. Each base station covers a small geographical area which is part of a uniquely identified
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391:(UE). Tracking area updates are performed periodically or when the UE moves to a tracking area that is not included in its TA list.
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is important to strike a balance between the size of the location area and the number of mobile device users in the location area.
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260:) must be sent to the network. The IMSI is sent as rarely as possible, to avoid it being identified and tracked.
219:(MSC/VLR) of the current location area, there is no need for any kind of IMSI attachment procedures to be done.
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because the SIM uses 4 octets with all bits equal to 1 to indicate that no valid TMSI is available.
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This article is about wireless communication. For mobility management in public transport, see
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procedure. Whenever a mobile moves from one location area to the next while not on a call, a
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defines
Location management and describes the procedures for the circuit switched domain.
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3GPP Technical
Specification TS 23.003 Numbering, addressing and identification
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signaling. Typically, tens or even hundreds of base stations share a single
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A "location area" is a set of base stations that are grouped together to
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update, the HLR is updated and the mobile not reachable flag is cleared.
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describes
Location management procedures for the packet switched domain.
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services provided the MME (the MME-TMSI or M-TMSI; a part of the GUTI).
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messages like Attach Accept, TAU Accept or GUTI Reallocation
Command.
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location update request, together with its previous location, and its
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3GPP Technical
Specification TS 23.012 Location management procedures
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mechanism to distribute such information to a plurality of mobiles.
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is one of the fundamental mobility management procedures of all
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Size of TMSI is 4 octet with full hex digits but can't be all
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to work. The aim of mobility management is to track where the
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29:
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195:. A group of base stations is named a location area, or a
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
485:GSM Association Permanent Reference Document AA.39
398:On the network side, the involved element is the
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549:
364:") because it will connect users directly to
8:
2546:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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202:The location update procedure allows a
1426:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
524:Location Update Sequence Diagram (PDF)
402:(MME). MME configures TA lists using
7:
2592:
1384:Spectral efficiency comparison table
209:Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
58:adding citations to reliable sources
191:(BTS), and for UMTS it is called a
135:is one of the major functions of a
529:Mobility management in IP Networks
184:
14:
196:
16:Major functions of mobile network
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2181:Free-space optical communication
1500:
1489:
575:List of mobile phone generations
34:
21:Transportation Demand Management
45:needs additional citations for
1:
2567:Telecommunication portal
2348:Telecommunications equipment
1496:Telecommunication portal
25:Transit-oriented development
2084:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
375:) is the element involved.
2634:
1788:Telecommunications history
993:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0
400:Mobility Management Entity
366:Internet Service Providers
18:
2555:
2396:Public Switched Telephone
2208:telecommunication circuit
2169:Fiber-optic communication
1914:Francis Blake (telephone)
1709:Optical telecommunication
1486:
875:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
800:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
572:
441:Radio resource management
383:The tracking area is the
217:Visitor Location Register
163:Location update procedure
159:to be delivered to them.
2307:Orbital angular-momentum
1744:Satellite communications
1583:Communications satellite
329:Radio Network Controller
228:periodic location update
189:base transceiver station
2186:Molecular communication
2009:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1838:Undersea telegraph line
1573:Cable protection system
1331:Comparison of standards
970:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA
325:Base Station Controller
2328:Communication protocol
2114:Charles Sumner Tainter
1929:Walter Houser Brattain
1874:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1682:Information revolution
1336:Channel access methods
975:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
2302:Polarization-division
2034:Narinder Singh Kapany
1999:Erna Schneider Hoover
1919:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1899:Alexander Graham Bell
1630:online video platform
1507:Telephones portal
615:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
157:mobile phone services
151:are, allowing calls,
69:"Mobility management"
2144:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2104:Almon Brown Strowger
2074:Charles Grafton Page
1729:Prepaid mobile phone
1657:Electrical telegraph
1124:iBurst (IEEE 802.20)
897:CDMA2000 1X Advanced
471:"23003-920 ZIP file"
337:Cell Global Identity
143:network that allows
54:improve this article
2094:Johann Philipp Reis
1853:Wireless revolution
1815:The Telephone Cases
1672:Hydraulic telegraph
1010:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
852:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)
620:Mobile TeleSeratout
327:(BSC) in GSM, or a
133:Mobility management
2292:Frequency-division
2269:Telephone exchange
2139:Charles Wheatstone
2069:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2044:Innocenzo Manzetti
1979:Reginald Fessenden
1714:Optical telegraphy
1547:Telecommunications
1498:
1084:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)
1078:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
1076:1xEV-DO Revision A
175:network, like all
2605:
2604:
2343:Store and forward
2338:Data transmission
2252:Network switching
2203:Transmission line
2049:Guglielmo Marconi
2014:Internet pioneers
1879:Mohamed M. Atalla
1848:Whistled language
1513:
1512:
1316:Cellular networks
1304:
1303:
1233:
1232:
1156:
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1002:
1001:
958:UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA
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893:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000)
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728:
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362:Internet Protocol
288:cellular networks
179:, is basically a
177:cellular networks
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2436:Notable networks
2426:Wireless network
2366:Cellular network
2358:Types of network
2333:Computer network
2220:Network topology
2134:Thomas A. Watson
1989:Oliver Heaviside
1974:Philo Farnsworth
1949:Daniel Davis Jr.
1924:Charles Bourseul
1884:John Logie Baird
1593:Data compression
1588:Computer network
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1421:Mobile broadband
1321:Mobile telephony
1309:Related articles
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1193:LTE Advanced Pro
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1088:EV-DO Revision C
1082:EV-DO Revision B
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586:radio telephones
565:Cellular network
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452:Vertical handoff
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2054:Robert Metcalfe
1909:Tim Berners-Lee
1857:
1677:Information Age
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1389:Frequency bands
1300:
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1008:3G transitional
998:
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850:2G transitional
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781:cdmaOne (IS-95)
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232:random location
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2124:Camille Tissot
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2011:
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2004:Harold Hopkins
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495:External links
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436:Mobility model
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389:User Equipment
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353:
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316:
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296:authentication
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2312:Code-division
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2297:Time-division
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2223:and switching
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2174:optical fiber
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2164:Coaxial cable
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2079:Radia Perlman
2077:
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
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1969:Lee de Forest
1967:
1965:
1964:Thomas Edison
1962:
1960:
1957:
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1954:Donald Davies
1952:
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1939:Claude Chappe
1937:
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1783:Smoke signals
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1761:Semiconductor
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1471:Wi-Fi Calling
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1431:NGMN Alliance
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674:AMPS - N-AMPS
672:
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396:
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379:Tracking area
378:
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368:
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359:
351:
349:
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338:
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315:Location area
314:
310:Types of area
309:
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300:authorization
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186:
185:location area
182:
181:radio network
178:
174:
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162:
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154:
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146:
145:mobile phones
142:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2008
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2618:GSM standard
2279:Multiplexing
2154:Transmission
2119:Nikola Tesla
2109:Henry Sutton
2064:Samuel Morse
1994:Robert Hooke
1959:Amos Dolbear
1894:John Bardeen
1813:
1793:Telautograph
1697:Mobile phone
1652:Edholm's law
1635:social media
1568:Broadcasting
1436:Push-to-talk
1214:IEEE 802.16m
1183:LTE Advanced
1167:IMT Advanced
1112:IEEE 802.16e
1107:Mobile WiMAX
1068:3GPP2 family
995:(TIA/IS-856)
986:3GPP2 family
884:3GPP2 family
863:/3GPP family
679:TACS - ETACS
484:
479:
465:
397:
393:
382:
369:
355:
352:Routing area
341:
333:
318:
306:procedures.
282:
272:
270:
262:
254:
250:
246:
237:
231:
227:
221:
213:
201:
197:routing area
166:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2479:NPL network
2191:Radio waves
2129:Alfred Vail
2039:Hedy Lamarr
2024:Dawon Kahng
1984:Elisha Gray
1944:Yogen Dalal
1869:Nasir Ahmed
1803:Teleprinter
1667:Heliographs
1265:5G-Advanced
1253:3GPP family
1203:IEEE family
1195:(4.5G/4.9G)
1176:3GPP family
1018:3GPP family
946:3GPP family
891:CDMA2000 1X
762:CSD - HSCSD
421:IEEE 802.21
224:IMSI attach
149:subscribers
2525:Antarctica
2484:Toasternet
2406:Television
1889:Paul Baran
1821:Television
1805:(teletype)
1798:Telegraphy
1776:transistor
1754:Phryctoria
1724:Photophone
1702:Smartphone
1692:Mass media
1119:Flash-OFDM
458:References
431:Mobile QoS
155:and other
80:newspapers
2509:Americas
2498:Locations
2469:Internet2
2230:Bandwidth
1934:Vint Cerf
1831:streaming
1809:Telephone
1749:Semaphore
1640:streaming
1219:WiMax 2.1
1074:CDMA2000
567:standards
426:Mobile IP
345:bandwidth
266:broadcast
2612:Category
2577:Category
2464:Internet
2454:CYCLADES
2371:Ethernet
2321:Concepts
2245:terminal
2196:wireless
2019:Bob Kahn
1862:Pioneers
1687:Internet
1578:Cable TV
1244:IMT-2020
1148:HiperMAN
1047:DC-HSDPA
937:IMT-2000
410:See also
321:optimize
211:(TMSI).
2597:Commons
2587:Outline
2540:Oceania
2459:FidoNet
2444:ARPANET
2257:circuit
1826:digital
1555:History
1478:Osmocom
1326:History
1296:DECT-5G
1270:NR-IIoT
715:DataTAC
710:Mobitex
447:Roaming
416:Handoff
343:wastes
304:billing
292:network
284:Roaming
279:Roaming
94:scholar
2535:Europe
2505:Africa
2489:Usenet
2449:BITNET
2386:Mobile
2262:packet
1771:MOSFET
1766:device
1563:Beacon
1280:NB-IoT
1246:(2021)
1241:(2018)
1187:E-UTRA
1169:(2013)
1164:(2009)
1141:family
1100:family
1058:E-UTRA
939:(2001)
934:(1998)
793:family
774:family
750:family
736:(1991)
667:family
657:(1979)
640:B-Netz
588:(1946)
204:mobile
193:Node B
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2518:South
2513:North
2474:JANET
2411:Telex
2401:Radio
2240:Nodes
2235:Links
2156:media
1734:Radio
1719:Pager
1647:Drums
1613:video
1608:image
1598:audio
1456:ViLTE
1451:VoLTE
1409:5G NR
1358:STDMA
1346:OFDMA
1289:Other
1275:LTE-M
1260:5G NR
1223:WiBro
1210:WiMAX
1129:WiBro
1042:HSPA+
1035:HSUPA
1030:HSDPA
913:WiDEN
906:Other
809:Other
772:3GPP2
705:Hicap
700:C-450
688:Other
605:Altai
443:(RRM)
139:or a
101:JSTOR
87:books
2530:Asia
2416:UUCP
2376:ISDN
1466:ViNR
1461:VoNR
1441:MIMO
1414:CDMA
1399:UMTS
1377:SDMA
1370:CDMA
1365:SSMA
1353:TDMA
1341:FDMA
1139:ETSI
1098:IEEE
1025:HSPA
963:FOMA
953:UMTS
918:DECT
870:GPRS
821:iDEN
816:CDPD
791:AMPS
748:3GPP
665:AMPS
625:AMTS
600:IMTS
506:TLLI
373:SGSN
358:GPRS
302:and
258:IMSI
243:TMSI
173:UMTS
141:UMTS
73:news
23:and
2421:WAN
2391:NGN
2381:LAN
1662:Fax
1603:DCT
1446:IMS
1404:LTE
1394:GSM
1054:LTE
861:GSM
836:CT2
831:PHS
826:PDC
757:GSM
744:GSM
720:CT1
695:NMT
645:AMR
635:ARP
610:OLT
595:MTS
404:NAS
385:LTE
171:or
169:GSM
153:SMS
137:GSM
56:by
2614::
1239:5G
1216:)
1162:4G
932:3G
734:2G
655:1G
583:0G
339:.
298:,
273:FF
199:.
167:A
2548:)
2544:(
1539:e
1532:t
1525:v
1212:(
1189:)
1185:(
1060:)
1056:(
746:/
557:e
550:t
543:v
508:.
487:.
473:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
