622:
method may reduce the risk of inadvertent wrong interactions, it does not solve the problem that the modal window blocks use of the application's normal features and so prevents the user from taking any action to fix the difficulty, or even from scrolling the screen to bring into view information which they need to correctly choose from the options the modal window presents, and it does nothing to alleviate the user's frustration at having blundered into a dead end from which they cannot escape without some more or less destructive consequence.
158:
453:. This gives rise to mode errors linked to the current keyboard layout: quite often, the synchronization of "current layout" mode between the human and the interface is lost, and text is typed in a layout which is not the intended one, producing meaningless text and confusion. Keyboard keys in user interface elements like "(y/n)" can have opposite effect if a program is translated.
661:
636:, disliked modes sufficiently to get a personalized license plate for his car that read: "NO MODES". He used this plate on various cars from the early 1980s until his death in 2020. Along with others, he also used the phrase "Don't Mode Me In" for years as a rallying cry to eliminate or reduce modes.
543:
unberthed from a wind platform under construction in the Baltic Sea. The vessel's master decided to put the steering in an alternative mode to perform a test of the system. Insufficient communication with the officer of the watch led to a temporary loss of control, collision with the platform, injury
386:
Problems occur if a change in the system state happens unnoticed (initiated by the system, or by another person, such as the user who was previously using the machine), or if after some time the user forgets about the state change. Another typical problem is a sudden change of state that interrupts a
591:
came out strongly against modes, writing, "Modes are a significant source of errors, confusion, unnecessary restrictions, and complexity in interfaces." Later he notes, " 'It is no accident that swearing is denoted by #&%!#$ &,' writes my colleague, Dr. James Winter; it is 'what a typewriter
432:
also create a short-term mode, at least if they do not provide visual feedback that the next typed character will be modified. While the Lock keys on PC keyboards are designed with the intention that they be used as modal keys, the IBM PC hardware design does not require these nor any other specific
272:
in that the mode always ends as soon as the command is called (when the sequence of key presses that activates it is completed). Emacs also has many "major and minor" modes that change the available commands, and may be automatically invoked based on file type to more easily edit files of that type.
133:
meaning "place" or "location"). Typically a user is aware of a system state if the state change was purposefully initiated by the user, or if the system gives some strong signals to notify the user of the state change in the place where interaction occurs. If the user's locus of attention changes to
799:
The purported benefit of this technique is that the user does not have to remember the current state of the application when invoking a command: the same action will always produce the same perceived result. An interface that uses quasimodes only and has no full modes is still modeless according to
583:
Modal proponents may argue that many common activities are modal and users adapt to them. An example of modal interaction is that of driving motor vehicles. A driver may be surprised when pressing the acceleration pedal does not accelerate the vehicle in the forward direction, most likely because
568:
Modes are intended to grab the user's full attention and to cause them to acknowledge the content present in them, in particular when critical confirmation from the user is required. This latter use is criticised as ineffective for its intended use (protection against errors in destructive actions)
535:
with a commercial tanker in the Strait of
Malacca, resulting in the loss of life of ten crew members. An investigation conducted by the US military concluded that immediately prior to the collision, helm and propulsion controls had been redistributed between bridge stations, and the bridge crew was
702:
near his or her home to assume that similar intersections will also be four way stops. If it happens to be only two way, the driver could proceed through if he or she sees no other cars. Especially if there is an obstructed view, a car could come though and hit the first car broadside. An improved
621:
states as an advantage of modal dialogs that it improves user awareness. "When something does need fixing, it's better to make sure that the user knows about it." For this goal, the
Lightbox design provides strong visual contrast of the dialog over the rest of the visuals. However, while such a
502:
in 2009, and the loss of life of 228 people. The pilots reacted to a loss of altitude by pulling on the stick, which would have been an appropriate reaction with the autopilot fully enabled, which would then have put the aircraft in a climbing configuration. However, the airplane's systems had
314:
and drawing applications are examples of a modal interface. Some advanced image editors have a feature where the same tools can be accessed nonmodally by a keypress, and remain active as long as the key is held down. Releasing the key returns the interface to the modal tool activated by the
487:
In many computer video games, the keyboard is used both for controlling the game and typing messages. A user may forget they are in "typing mode" as they attempt to react to something sudden in the game and find the controls unresponsive (and instead their text bar full of the command keys
467:; the user expects the typed text to be introduced into a text field, but the unexpected dialog may discard all the input, or may interpret some keystrokes (like "Y" for "yes" and "N" for "no") in a way that the user did not intend, often triggering a destructive action that cannot be
382:
when the user forgets what state the interface is in, performs an action that is appropriate to a different mode, and gets an unexpected and undesired response. A mode error can be quite startling and disorienting as the user copes with the sudden violation of their user expectations.
437:
normally implements Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock states, so the modality of these keys may appear intrinsic, but it is neither technically nor practically necessary to use the BIOS for keyboard I/O, and in fact most modern operating systems do not use BIOS keyboard
795:
The application enters into that mode as long as the user is performing a conscious action, like pressing a key and keeping it pressed while invoking a command. If the sustaining action is stopped without executing a command, the application returns to a neutral status.
573:. Actually making the action reversible (providing an "undo" option) is recommended instead. Though modes can be successful in particular usages to restrict dangerous or undesired operations, especially when the mode is actively maintained by a user as a
807:
feature turns a quasimode into a mode by serializing keystrokes of modifier keys with normal keys, so that they do not have to be pressed simultaneously. In this case the increased possibility of a mode error is largely compensated for by the improved
242:" mode for issuing more complex commands (e.g. search and replace). Under normal circumstances, the editor automatically returns to the previous mode after a command has been issued; however, it is possible to permanently move into this mode using
725:
that triggers its activation. Modal controls can be disruptive, so efforts should be made to reduce their capacity to block user work. After completing the task for which the mode was activated, or after a cancel action such as the
1346:
520:
On
January 17, 2015, the offshore supply vessel "Red7 Alliance" collided with a lock gate of the Kiel Canal in Germany, damaging it severely. An investigation concluded that the levers controlling the ship's
503:
entered a mode of lesser automation ("direct law" in Airbus terms) due to a blocked airspeed sensor, allowing the pilots to put the plane in a nose-high stall configuration, from which they did not recover.
140:
defined modes as "a state of the user interface that lasts for a period of time, is not associated with any particular object, and has no role other than to place an interpretation on operator input."
580:
Modes are sometimes used to represent information pertinent to the task that do not fit well into the main visual flow. Modes can also work as well-understood conventions, such as painting tools.
121:
of the interface is not the user's locus of attention and (2) the interface will execute one among several different responses to the gesture, depending on the system's current state." (Page 42).
391:. In such a situation it can easily happen that the user does some operations with the old state in mind, while the brain has not yet fully processed the signals indicating the state change.
125:
In Raskin's sense and according to his definition, an interface is not modal as long as the user is fully aware of its current state. Raskin refers to this as "locus of attention" (from the
613:
more obvious and user friendly by darkening the background behind the window or allowing any mouse click outside of the modal window to force the window to close – a design called a
264:– has the concept of "prefix keys", which trigger a modal state by pressing the control key plus a letter key. Emacs then waits for additional keypresses that complete a
364:
some gestures to correct proofreading marks on the digital text. This test convinced Tesler's manager Bill
English of the problems with their previous modal interface.
1081:
584:
the vehicle has been placed in an operating mode like park, neutral, or reverse. Modal interfaces require training and experience to avoid mode errors like these.
1351:
1184:
484:
can be notoriously difficult for beginners precisely because it uses modes, and because earlier versions configured mode indication to be turned off by default.
1055:
942:
1399:
1222:
532:
84:, both of which typically put the user's typing into a different mode after being pressed, then return it to the regular mode after being re-pressed.
1384:
1068:
1022:
703:
design alleviates the problem by including a small diagram showing which of the directions have a stop sign and which do not, thus improving the
1121:
647:
art exhibition argues that interfaces for several simultaneous users must be modeless, in order to avoid bringing any single user into focus.
1325:
525:
were not used in a way appropriate to the mode they were set to, resulting in the ship accelerating instead of coming to a stop in the lock.
471:. Programmers can mitigate this by implementing a short delay between the modal dialog displaying and it beginning to accept keyboard input.
46:
722:
618:
507:
95:, in which the user performs an action appropriate to one mode while in another mode, by making it impossible for the user to commit them.
1033:
1093:
680:
argues that the best way to avoid mode errors, in addition to clear indications of state, is helping the users to construct an accurate
1389:
1341:
888:
748:, which are modes that are kept in place only through some constant action on the part of the user; such modes are also called
516:"the complexities of the autothrottle and autopilot flight director systems … which increased the likelihood of mode error".
72:
will produce perceived results different from those that it would in other settings. Modal interface components include the
721:
Modal controls are best placed where the focus is in the task flow. For example, a modal window can be placed next to the
529:
1195:
841:
511:
134:
a different area, the state of the interface may then represent a mode since the user is no longer aware of it.
1394:
861:
118:
1230:
673:
598:
to describe the principles of a modeless interface for computers. Those principles were implemented in the
42:
1172:
955:
704:
614:
499:
65:
35:
1129:
740:
692:
594:
552:
290:
105:
826:
821:
307:
1267:
1044:
959:
932:
846:
311:
238:– has one mode for inserting text, and a separate mode for entering commands. There is also an "
1321:
915:
Tesler, Larry (2012-07-01). "A personal history of modeless text editing and cut/copy-paste".
644:
592:
used to do when you typed numbers when the Caps Lock was engaged'." Raskin dedicated his book
250:
81:
1284:
1257:
924:
730:, returning to the previous state when a mode is dismissed will reduce the negative impact.
603:
522:
481:
460:
239:
235:
61:
1316:. In Baecker, Ronald M.; Grudin, Jonathan; Buxton, William A. S.; Greenberg, Saul (eds.).
892:
446:
230:
117:"An human-machine interface is modal with respect to a given gesture when (1) the current
30:
This article is about a transient state in user interfaces. For modes in videogames, see
1159:
856:
633:
464:
442:
388:
353:
349:
226:
210:
53:
1146:
885:
555:. Investigations concluded that the aircraft was misconfigured with the wrong mode of
157:
1378:
997:
903:
831:
809:
696:
677:
1363:
Using Model
Checking to Help Discover Mode Confusions and Other Automation Surprises
1271:
936:
378:
Modes are often frowned upon in interface design because they are likely to produce
1206:
851:
777:
716:
681:
625:
610:
556:
457:
345:
329:
278:
274:
137:
1313:
1356:
1369:
1295:
789:
640:
570:
478:
417:
405:
196:
1011:
1142:
1105:
804:
758:
727:
629:
588:
429:
421:
373:
294:
265:
222:
218:
204:
168: with: the detailed description of typical uses of modes. You can help by
110:
77:
69:
1084:, Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation (Germany), April 10, 2019
973:
928:
866:
781:
688:
599:
401:
357:
319:
300:
73:
31:
199:– typically are in insert mode by default but can be toggled in and out of
771:
17:
433:
keys to be modal but allows software to treat any key as modal. (The PC
425:
413:
409:
333:
323:
200:
1362:
1320:(2 ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: Morgan Kaufmann. pp. 494–499.
1262:
1245:
785:
214:
273:
Emacs modes are not restricted to editing text files; modes exist for
450:
361:
254:
684:
of the system which will allow them to predict the mode accurately.
559:, resulting in the aircraft becoming uncontrollable upon touchdown.
1365:. A paper discussing an automatic method for locating mode errors.
1318:
Readings in human-computer interaction : toward the year 2000
1314:"Chunking and phrasing and the design of human-computer dialogues"
659:
548:
286:
261:
126:
699:
669:
660:
475:
468:
434:
463:
in an application while the user is typing, which is a form of
836:
498:
Mode confusion was part of the events that led to the loss of
282:
152:
664:
Small signs make explicit the mappings from signal to roads.
1196:
Technology for
Experience's Sake: Guest Post by Bruce Wyman
609:
Some interface designers have recently taken steps to make
336:
in the top-level program until the modal window is closed.
1069:"USS McCain collision ultimately caused by UI confusion"
978:
IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and
Science News
169:
1185:
Origins of the Apple Human
Interface - full transcript
360:
with newly-hired Sylvia Adams, where she was asked to
297:, and all modes may not be included with all versions.
303:– certain commands are executed in a "command mode".
188:
Several examples of software have been described as
293:within the Emacs environment. Modes are written in
1217:
1215:
551:fighter jet was destroyed in a landing mishap at
456:A frequent example is the sudden appearance of a
400:The most common source of mode errors may be the
289:and their interaction patterns are equivalent to
1246:"Design rules based on analyses of human error"
1023:BEA final report on the loss of Air France 447
792:, are all examples of a quasimodal interface.
676:are recommended when possible. HCI researcher
544:to three crew members, and significant damage.
539:On April 10, 2018, the 5000 ton supply vessel
510:, one of the factors contributing to the 2013
445:commonly have to interact using two different
87:An interface that uses no modes is known as a
617:– thus alleviating the risk of modal errors.
8:
441:PC users whose language is not based on the
27:Distinct setting within a computer interface
1352:Definition of mode error at Usability First
687:This is demonstrated, for example, by some
1116:
1114:
1007:
1005:
528:On August 21, 2017, the US Navy destroyer
1261:
717:Design recommendations for modal windows
1342:Modelessness in UsabilityFirst glossary
878:
744:, Jef Raskin championed what he termed
691:at road intersections. A driver may be
536:not fully aware of that redistribution.
1347:Modelessness in Apple's HIG guidelines
1285:Usability Glossary: spring-loaded mode
1147:Never Use a Warning When you Mean Undo
1056:M/V Red7 Alliance investigation report
812:for users with physical disabilities.
404:key. Other common modes available in
91:interface. Modeless interfaces avoid
47:Modality (human-computer interaction)
7:
1173:Origins of the Apple Human Interface
1034:National Transportation Safety Board
1357:An Example of a mode error in Excel
756:is a composite of the Latin prefix
668:Alternatives to modes such as the
356:from the feedback gathered from a
25:
1400:Graphical user interface elements
956:"How to Use Modality in Dialogs"
352:devised insights for a modeless
156:
1175:by Larry Tesler, Chris Espinosa
639:Bruce Wyman, the designer of a
60:is a distinct setting within a
1312:Buxton, William A. S. (1995).
1223:"Modal Panel - Implementation"
904:Usability Glossary: mode error
1:
780:on the keyboard, such as the
113:defines modality as follows:
1209:at the ixda.org mailing list
1094:US Air Force accident report
886:Usability Glossary: modeless
1082:Investigation Report 118/18
493:In transportation accidents
1416:
1385:Human–computer interaction
1244:Norman, Donald A. (1983).
842:Human computer interaction
714:
512:Asiana Airlines Flight 214
371:
192:or using interface modes:
40:
29:
1390:User interface techniques
1250:Communications of the ACM
1160:"10 Best Application UIs"
1158:Jakob Nielsen, Alertbox.
1012:Usability Glossary: modal
723:graphical control element
387:user's activity, such as
322:as a mechanic to enhance
1106:F-35A Crash at Eglin AFB
862:State (computer science)
770:) and the English word "
64:or any physical machine
41:Not to be confused with
1122:"Modal Panel - Context"
1108:, C.W. Lemoine, Youtube
1045:Poor UI design can kill
929:10.1145/2212877.2212896
395:Examples of mode errors
665:
651:Design recommendations
547:On April 19, 2020, an
217:modal editor made for
123:
43:Multimodal interaction
34:. For other uses, see
800:Raskin's definition.
705:situational awareness
663:
500:Air France Flight 447
249:Derivatives, such as
203:mode by pressing the
115:
80:keys on the standard
36:Mode (disambiguation)
998:Glossary: mode error
857:Modalities and modes
741:The Humane Interface
595:The Humane Interface
553:Eglin Air Force Base
318:Video games can use
306:Tools chosen from a
291:application software
268:. This differs from
106:The Humane Interface
68:, in which the same
1370:Spring-loaded modes
1296:Spring-Loaded Modes
1263:10.1145/2163.358092
827:Automation surprise
822:Application posture
750:spring-loaded modes
656:Avoid when possible
1207:Bruce Wyman's post
974:"Of Modes and Men"
960:Oracle Corporation
891:2007-10-22 at the
847:Interaction design
666:
530:USS John S. McCain
449:: a local one and
1368:Jakob Nielsen on
1327:978-1-55860-246-5
1227:Infragistics.com]
645:Denver Art Museum
587:Interface expert
523:Azimuth thrusters
506:According to the
186:
185:
82:computer keyboard
16:(Redirected from
1407:
1331:
1299:
1298:, Jakob Nielsen.
1293:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1229:. Archived from
1219:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1145:, A List Apart:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:. Archived from
1126:Infragistics.com
1118:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1009:
1000:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
970:
964:
963:
952:
946:
940:
912:
906:
901:
895:
883:
711:Proper placement
672:command and the
447:keyboard layouts
420:, and often the
181:
178:
160:
153:
62:computer program
21:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1395:User interfaces
1375:
1374:
1338:
1330:. acmid 212970.
1328:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1141:
1137:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
992:
983:
981:
972:
971:
967:
954:
953:
949:
914:
913:
909:
902:
898:
893:Wayback Machine
884:
880:
875:
818:
736:
719:
713:
658:
653:
566:
495:
397:
376:
370:
343:
231:Charles Simonyi
182:
176:
173:
166:needs expansion
151:
146:
101:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1336:External links
1334:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1288:
1277:
1256:(4): 254–258.
1236:
1233:on 2013-05-06.
1211:
1199:
1188:
1177:
1165:
1150:
1135:
1132:on 2013-05-06.
1110:
1097:
1086:
1074:
1060:
1048:
1037:
1026:
1015:
1001:
990:
965:
947:
907:
896:
877:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
817:
814:
768:to some degree
735:
732:
712:
709:
657:
654:
652:
649:
634:Apple Computer
565:
562:
561:
560:
545:
537:
526:
518:
504:
494:
491:
490:
489:
485:
472:
465:focus stealing
454:
443:Latin alphabet
439:
408:are the other
396:
393:
389:focus stealing
369:
366:
354:word processor
342:
339:
338:
337:
327:
316:
304:
298:
259:
258:
257:
233:
227:Butler Lampson
211:Bravo (editor)
208:
184:
183:
163:
161:
150:
147:
145:
142:
100:
97:
54:user interface
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1412:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:John Rushby.
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
994:
991:
980:. August 2005
979:
975:
969:
966:
961:
957:
951:
948:
944:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
911:
908:
905:
900:
897:
894:
890:
887:
882:
879:
872:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Error message
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
813:
811:
810:accessibility
806:
801:
797:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:Modifier keys
775:
773:
769:
765:
762:(which means
761:
760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:
733:
731:
729:
724:
718:
710:
708:
706:
701:
698:
697:four-way stop
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
678:Donald Norman
675:
671:
662:
655:
650:
648:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
620:
619:Jakob Nielsen
616:
612:
611:modal windows
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:
590:
585:
581:
578:
576:
572:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
492:
486:
483:
480:
477:
473:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:
394:
392:
390:
384:
381:
375:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
340:
335:
331:
330:Modal windows
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:photo-editing
309:
305:
302:
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:file browsing
271:
267:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:
245:
241:
237:
234:
232:
228:
224:
221:computers at
220:
216:
212:
209:
206:
202:
198:
195:
194:
193:
191:
180:
177:December 2010
171:
167:
164:This section
162:
159:
155:
154:
148:
143:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
122:
120:
114:
112:
108:
107:
98:
96:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
1317:
1291:
1280:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1231:the original
1226:
1202:
1191:
1180:
1168:
1153:
1138:
1130:the original
1125:
1100:
1089:
1077:
1063:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
993:
982:. Retrieved
977:
968:
950:
923:(4): 70–75.
920:
917:Interactions
916:
910:
899:
881:
852:Modal window
802:
798:
794:
776:
767:
763:
757:
753:
749:
745:
739:
738:In the book
737:
720:
707:of drivers.
686:
682:mental model
667:
643:table for a
638:
626:Larry Tesler
624:
608:
593:
586:
582:
579:
574:
567:
557:autothrottle
540:
515:
461:error dialog
406:PC keyboards
385:
379:
377:
346:Larry Tesler
344:
279:web browsing
269:
243:
213:– the first
197:Text editors
189:
187:
174:
170:adding to it
165:
138:Larry Tesler
136:
130:
124:
116:
104:
103:In his book
102:
92:
88:
86:
57:
51:
1058:(in German)
790:Control key
752:. The term
693:conditioned
674:recycle bin
641:multi-touch
571:habituation
479:text editor
418:Scroll lock
380:mode errors
368:Mode errors
93:mode errors
1379:Categories
1306:References
1143:Aza Raskin
984:2020-02-21
805:StickyKeys
746:quasimodes
734:Quasimodes
728:Escape key
715:See also:
689:stop signs
630:Xerox PARC
589:Jef Raskin
564:Assessment
514:crash was
430:diacritics
422:Insert key
374:User error
372:See also:
332:block all
320:game modes
295:Emacs Lisp
266:keybinding
223:Xerox PARC
219:Xerox Alto
205:Insert key
111:Jef Raskin
99:Definition
70:user input
56:design, a
18:Mode error
867:Text mode
782:Shift key
754:quasimode
606:systems.
600:Canon Cat
575:quasimode
541:VOS Stone
488:pressed).
426:Dead keys
410:lock keys
402:Caps Lock
358:user test
301:Cisco IOS
74:Caps lock
66:interface
32:Game mode
1272:47103252
937:21399421
889:Archived
816:See also
788:and the
615:Lightbox
533:collided
469:reverted
414:Num lock
341:Modeless
334:workflow
324:gameplay
315:palette.
201:overtype
144:Examples
89:modeless
1071:. 2017.
786:Alt key
569:due to
308:palette
244:Shift-Q
215:WYSIWYG
1324:
1270:
935:
784:, the
764:almost
759:quasi-
451:QWERTY
362:ad lib
255:Neovim
78:Insert
1268:S2CID
933:S2CID
873:Notes
695:by a
628:, of
604:Archy
549:F-35A
458:modal
438:I/O.)
287:email
262:Emacs
190:modal
149:Modal
131:locus
129:word
127:Latin
119:state
1322:ISBN
803:The
772:mode
700:sign
670:undo
632:and
602:and
508:NTSB
476:Unix
474:The
435:BIOS
428:for
416:and
350:PARC
285:and
253:and
229:and
76:and
58:mode
1258:doi
943:pdf
925:doi
837:GUI
774:".
348:at
310:in
283:IRC
251:Vim
225:by
172:.
52:In
45:or
1381::
1266:.
1254:26
1252:.
1248:.
1225:.
1214:^
1124:.
1113:^
1004:^
976:.
958:.
931:.
921:19
919:.
766:,
577:.
482:vi
424:.
412:,
281:,
277:,
270:vi
246:.
240:ex
236:vi
109:,
1274:.
1260::
1162:.
1104:]
987:.
962:.
945:)
941:(
939:.
927::
326:.
207:.
179:)
175:(
49:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
