1616:
233:(1848–1905), though some changes as a reaction to events including poetic evaluation of foreign places, cultures, and ideas can be seen in Huang's works. Gong Zizhen was quite disturbed by the condition of the empire, and Huang Zunxian traveled widely in the course of his diplomatic duties, including to Japan, the United States, London, and Singapore. Such experiences and the associated poetry would prove to be harbingers of the development of modern Chinese poetry in the twentieth century, and into the first part of the twenty-first century.
451:, the Guomindang had retreated to bases in Taiwan and some other islands, where they began to establish regional control, and the Communist party controlled most of the Chinese mainland. Many (with notable exceptions) of the poets of the first half of the twentieth century were already dead, imprisoned, in exile, or subject to strong political pressures to make their work conform to the expectations of their ruling governmental bodies. This was part of a trend which would continue throughout the next few years, through the so-called
535:
bowl" poems, because of the old-fashioned method of limiting the time to compose a poem by the time being regulated by burning an inch of incense stick to which a thread suspending a coin over a bowl was attached: when the incense stick burned up, the thread burned through, and the coin sounded an alarm when it hit the bowl below. Watches may have replaced incense sticks, but the "hitting the bowl" name remains.
217:(1898–1901), and although the latter of which was largely directed against foreign powers and influence, both showed the weakness of the Qing court. These nineteenth century events in China resulted in an aftermath in which tens of millions of the population had died during the various conflicts, a significant part of the cultural legacy of China having been looted or destroyed (for example the
1604:
270:(1949). In the early years of the century, the Qing government clearly was not sustainable as an ongoing institution, at least without major reform. Opinion and intrigue were heavy, with the formation or existence of various parties, opinions, and secret societies. The poets did not fail to weigh in. The
534:
Amateur poetry societies have a long history on the mainland and on Taiwan. Towards the end of the twentieth century Ming and Qing style poetry contests were held in towns and cities around Taiwan, in which people sometimes wrote poems in contests. One type of these poems were known as "hitting the
176:
Modern
Chinese poetry developed within a context of major socio-political changes, and some of the poets were directly involved with these as members or leaders of some of the parties involved in consciously influencing the course of historical developments. The nineteenth century had been one of
107:
tradition, written or chanted in specialized, literary forms versus modern changes both in vernacular varieties of
Chinese as well as the development of and exposure to various other poetic traditions from modern Europe and the United States, both directly and indirectly through Japanese literary
221:
and its contents, including the burning of the library), and that the Qing government increasingly having been viewed as less and less viable as a political institution, together with the Qing experiencing a demonstrable and ongoing erosion of territorial control.
91:. Some modern Chinese poetry represents major new and modern developments in the poetry of one of the world's larger areas, as well as other important areas sharing this linguistic affinity. One of the first poets and theorist in the modern Chinese poetry mode was
286:
In the beginning of the twentieth century, the scene was set in China for both socio-political and poetic change, both political and literary revolution; indeed, the "twentieth century has drawn a heavy line across the time-chart of
Chinese culture." The
177:
upset to traditional
Chinese ideas and institutions, as China went through a period of successive loss of sovereign control and self-determination as a nation and internal struggles for political power of an often violent military nature. The
241:
The early poetry of the twentieth century in China was written "in an atmosphere of great uncertainty...but of some excitement." Twentieth century events in China which had a major importance from the perspective of poetry include the
363:
also provided sources of international influence. Attendance at university in Europe, Japan, or the United States provided another source of international influence on
Chinese poets, or future Chinese poets, such as Xu Zhimo or
201:(1894–1895), and other conflicts China had lost control of important parts of its territory to Britain, France, the United States, Japan, Russia, Portugal, Germany, and other colonial powers, which are documented in a series of
1048:
624:
Some critical views have involved evaluation of socio-political utility or loyalty of various poems or poets. Another critical theme involves aesthetic issues regarding the poetry deliberately written according to ideas about
299:. Nominally originating in the socio-politically oriented student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919, the New Culture Movement May Fourth Movement was associated with a more general "intellectual ferment". The
463:(often dated 1947–1991) was one of the factors which contributed to the pressure on poets to produce patriotic poetry, and since then there has been some influence wrought by various political campaigns and plans.
543:
Many of the traditional uses of
Chinese poetry remain intact in the modern era. These include relationships between politics and poetry, and also completely traditional practices in folk culture such as posting
327:
and some of poets followed this path towards a more modern literature, through the use of a more colloquial writing style. This, together with a western influence can be seen in other authors, such as
395:
A number of magazines or other publications also played an important role in the developing movement of modern
Chinese poetry. One of the important early publications for modern Chinese poetry was
423:
Some authors of poetry in the first half of the twentieth century "continued to write pleasantly in the traditional metres and with more or less of the traditional manner". A major example is
1557:
1052:
355:, with its resultant Japanese-oriented educational system; and, so, wrote all of his early poetry in Japanese. The presence of European colonies on the mainland and the islands of
1564:
1074:
339:
The early twentieth century was also a period in which the world's other linguistic and cultural traditions of poetry greatly influenced
Chinese poets, partly as a result of
116:. Another is the more global phenomenon of modernism in poetry, involving rejecting traditional poetic forms and styles in favor of experimental developments and novelties.
205:: these areas included all of Taiwan and many of the most important eastern cities. In the meantime, various rebellions (or civil war) arose, included among other
376:
The formation of various literary or poetic societies played an important role in the developing movement of modern
Chinese poetry. Among these societies are the
1540:
1310:
428:
206:
311:
are prime examples of those associated with the university around this time who urged a transformation in literary style deprecating the use of
1244:
1197:
1172:
855:
1049:"Third Time's a Charm — Lunar Library Successfully Lands on the Moon — Backup of Human Civilization Will Last for Up To Billions of Years"
569:
945:
247:
1279:
1219:
1148:
519:
439:
can be seen to chronicle moments during his rise to power, from his early "Changsha" (1925) through "Reply to Mr. Liu Yazi" (1950).
1078:
996:
1425:
1656:
638:
435:
for nearly 30 years, who continued the tradition of
Chinese governmental officials writing Classical Chinese poetry. Many of
88:
24:
1100:
904:
1661:
432:
267:
34:
1594:
1349:
1303:
1022:
389:
730:
352:
316:
60:
586:
447:
By the midpoint of the twentieth century, imperial Japan had been decisively defeated as part of the process of
1446:
1333:
545:
396:
263:
113:
104:
80:
138:. Some modern poetry is still so written. Also used in Chinese poetry are other varieties of Chinese, such as
483:, led by Qin Zihao (1902–1963) and Ji Xian (b. 1903). Most influential poetic journal and societies were the
1296:
609:
259:
198:
108:
sources. Thus, one important change in the history of Chinese poetry involves the revaluation of the use of
1535:
715:
660:
630:
613:
490:
In the contemporary poetic scene, the most important and influential poets are in the movement known as
452:
385:
574:
1484:
1367:
705:
697:
634:
626:
436:
288:
68:
274:, formed in 1909, opposed the Qing government but advocated writing traditional poetry. Its leader,
1439:
687:
456:
292:
72:
1432:
1230:
1183:
472:
87:
language); but, also including twentieth and twenty-first century continuations or revivals of
1411:
1362:
1275:
1240:
1215:
1193:
1168:
1158:
1144:
970:
312:
300:
251:
243:
218:
210:
182:
135:
109:
84:
1581:
677:
582:
515:
377:
296:
194:
190:
143:
139:
131:
125:
616:
for permanent preservation, making it the earliest known Chinese poem to land on the Moon.
710:
561:
266:
and the occupation by Japan of large parts of China (1937–1945), and the establishment of
214:
178:
605:
590:
1319:
655:
598:
594:
549:
202:
155:
56:
1000:
487:(1952), the "Modernist School", the "Blue Star", and the "Epoch", all formed in 1954.
1650:
1608:
1154:
720:
271:
230:
229:(1792–1841) continued work in the traditional Classical Chinese poetry modes, as did
1620:
1504:
1453:
448:
186:
159:
52:
1167:(4th rev. ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 232–235.
303:(also known as the Peking University) had an important role in this process. Both
103:
The historical and linguistic background to modern Chinese poetry involves a long
1265:
1234:
1209:
1187:
1162:
1104:
912:
1511:
1497:
1490:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1239:. Harvard, Ma: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 669–673.
1192:. Harvard, Ma: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 718–724.
725:
692:
672:
666:
578:
491:
476:
408:
340:
308:
226:
171:
130:
Modern Chinese poetry has been written and spoken in different varieties of the
1467:
1357:
1261:
650:
480:
424:
255:
76:
1206:
Lee, Leo Oufan. "Literary Trends: The Road to Revolution 1927–1949," Ch 9 in
1026:
682:
557:
381:
356:
328:
324:
147:
1603:
1229:
Lupke, Christopher (2017). "Modernism versus Nativism in 1960s Taiwan". In
1208:
Fairbank, John King; Feuerwerker, Albert; Twitchett, Denis Crispin (1986).
1460:
581:
poets (born between 1980 and 1999, active from 2000 to 2022) who created
507:
499:
495:
460:
344:
320:
275:
1075:"The Odysseus lunar lander's payload included a 30-million page library"
612:
for the Arch Lunar Art Archive. The poem was carried to the Moon by the
553:
511:
503:
404:
304:
295:, was a defining time period in the direction of poetic literature in
151:
92:
1635:
1418:
523:
365:
348:
44:
403:, which published from 1915 poetry written in vernacular Chinese by
1518:
360:
1636:
Experimental Chinese Literature: Translation, Technology, Poetics
1288:
498:
and hermetic references. The most important Misty Poets include
278:, continued to write in Classical Chinese until the early 1920s.
246:(1911–1912) and the end of Qing (1912), the establishment of the
181:(1839–42) fought between Great Britain and China resulted in the
75:
movements, with the development of experimental styles such as "
1292:
1558:
Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
225:
During the final years of the Qing dynasty poets, such as
931:
929:
838:
836:
834:
815:
813:
747:
745:
1592:
1103:(in Chinese). Hong Kong: 虛詞p-articles. Archived from
585:
in Taiwan. It includes 52 poets such as Liao Chi-Yu,
997:"GALACTIC LEGACY ARCHIVE (INTUITIVE MACHINES, 2024)"
1574:
1565:
The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature
1549:
1528:
1477:
1401:
1347:
1326:
974:
1267:A Selective Guide to Chinese Literature, 1900–1949
1214:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1182:Klein, Lucas (2017). "Poems from Underground". In
1023:"Arch Lunar Art Archive - Arch Mission Foundation"
1164:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics
637:poetry versus poetry which continues the use of
368:(better known for his short stories and prose).
1139:Davison, Gary Marvin; Reed, Barbara E. (1998).
67:) style of poetry increasingly common with the
762:
760:
1304:
946:"oxfordbibliographies: Modern Chinese Poetry"
38:
28:
8:
794:
792:
790:
526:, who became very famous after his suicide.
185:(1842), which ceded Chinese control of five
134:. Traditionally, much poetry was written in
570:New Century New Generation Poetry Selection
411:, as early as 1918. Another example is the
1311:
1297:
1289:
1101:"首有詩作登陸月球 可保存逾五千萬年 台灣詩人煮雪的人：「有部分的我已經在月球上」"
608:'s poem "Moon Museum" was selected by the
564:, many new-generation poets have emerged.
471:From the 1950s, in Taiwan has flourished
112:literary language and the traditions of
1599:
1132:Davis, A. R., ed. and introduc.(1970).
741:
429:Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
343:. For example, Lin Heng-tai grew up in
1236:A New Literary History of Modern China
1189:A New Literary History of Modern China
1021:Arch Mission Foundation (2024-02-25).
995:Arch Mission Foundation (2024-02-25).
969:Arch Mission Foundation (2024-03-03).
879:
842:
751:
392:, and the Silver Bell Poetry Society.
891:
867:
518:, most of whom were exiled after the
7:
522:. A special case is the mystic poet
1143:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
419:Continuing the classical tradition
14:
1134:The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse
548:. Following Taiwanese poets like
520:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
459:on the mainland (1966–1976). The
1614:
1602:
1426:New Songs from the Jade Terrace
254:(1927–1950) fought between the
1641:Chinese Language and Discourse
1211:The Cambridge history of China
905:"A Brief Guide to Misty Poets"
639:Classical Chinese poetry forms
455:(1949–1987) in Taiwan and the
415:journal, published from 1932.
207:rebellions in the Qing dynasty
89:Classical Chinese poetry forms
39:
29:
1:
1536:Chinese poems (category list)
1141:Culture and Customs of Taiwan
248:Republic of China (1912–1949)
136:Classical or Literary Chinese
1157:; et al., eds. (2012).
950:www.oxfordbibliographies.com
702:Poetic encyclopaedist school
573:, edited by Taiwanese poets
1136:. Baltimore: Penguin Books.
1073:Erika Morphy (2024-02-26).
1047:Nova Spivack (2024-02-23).
390:League of Left-Wing Writers
262:as major belligerents, the
1678:
1633:Review of Tong King Lee's
1077:. TechSpot. Archived from
731:Written vernacular Chinese
539:Early twenty-first century
485:Modernist Poetry Quarterly
433:People's Republic of China
372:Societies and publications
317:written vernacular Chinese
268:People's Republic of China
193:to the British. After the
169:
123:
81:traditional Chinese poetry
828:Davison and Reed, 101–102
353:imperial Japanese control
272:Southern Society (Nanshe)
1447:Three Hundred Tang Poems
1334:Classical Chinese poetry
1159:"Modern poetry of China"
971:"Arch Lunar Art Archive"
530:Amateur poetry societies
397:New Youth (Xin Qingnian)
315:, in favor of embracing
264:Second Sino-Japanese War
114:Classical Chinese poetry
105:Classical Chinese poetry
1541:List of poems (article)
1274:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
610:Arch Mission Foundation
467:Movements and societies
443:Later twentieth century
427:(1893–1976), the first
351:, which was then under
335:International influence
260:Chinese Communist Party
237:Early twentieth century
213:(1850 to 1864) and the
199:First Sino-Japanese War
59:, including the modern
716:Singaporean literature
166:Socio-political change
1657:Modern Chinese poetry
1529:Individual poems list
1339:Modern Chinese poetry
935:Davison and Reed, 107
819:Davison and Reed, 101
661:Crescent Moon Society
614:Odysseus lunar lander
386:Crescent Moon Society
170:Further information:
124:Further information:
79:" (as opposed to the
17:Modern Chinese poetry
1662:Chinese poetry forms
1485:Antithetical couplet
1368:Six Dynasties poetry
1099:虛詞編輯部 (2024-03-07).
706:Poetry of Mao Zedong
698:New Culture Movement
289:New Culture Movement
282:New Culture Movement
197:(1856 to 1860), the
120:Varieties of Chinese
1643:(2015): 6, 205–217.
1550:Modern compilations
1440:Complete Tang Poems
1231:Wang, David Der-wei
1184:Wang, David Der-wei
894:, pp. 718–724.
882:, pp. 718–724.
870:, pp. 669–673.
775:Davis, xxxv – xxxvi
688:May Fourth Movement
546:New Year's couplets
457:Cultural Revolution
437:Mao's popular poems
347:, on the island of
293:May Fourth Movement
142:and other types of
25:traditional Chinese
1433:Nineteen Old Poems
604:In February 2024,
494:, who use oblique
431:and leader of the
301:Beijing University
291:also known as the
51:), refers to post
35:simplified Chinese
1590:
1589:
1412:Classic of Poetry
1246:978-0-674-97887-4
1199:978-0-674-97887-4
1174:978-0-691-15491-6
567:In May 2022, the
413:Les Contemporains
380:(1921) headed by
313:Classical Chinese
252:Chinese Civil War
244:Xinhai Revolution
219:Old Summer Palace
211:Taiping Rebellion
183:Treaty of Nanking
110:Classical Chinese
85:Classical Chinese
1669:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1582:Cantonese poetry
1313:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1285:
1250:
1225:
1203:
1178:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1051:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1025:. Archived from
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
999:. Archived from
992:
986:
985:
983:
982:
973:. Archived from
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
942:
936:
933:
924:
923:
921:
920:
911:. Archived from
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
852:
846:
840:
829:
826:
820:
817:
808:
805:
799:
796:
785:
782:
776:
773:
767:
764:
755:
749:
678:Lower Body Poets
473:modernist poetry
378:Creation Society
297:Chinese language
203:unequal treaties
195:Second Opium War
191:Hong Kong Island
144:Mandarin Chinese
140:Standard Chinese
132:Chinese language
126:Chinese language
42:
41:
32:
31:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1647:
1646:
1630:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1575:Regional styles
1570:
1545:
1524:
1473:
1404:and collections
1403:
1397:
1343:
1322:
1317:
1282:
1270:. Vol. 3:
1260:
1257:
1255:Further reading
1247:
1228:
1222:
1207:
1200:
1181:
1175:
1153:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1004:
994:
993:
989:
980:
978:
968:
967:
963:
954:
952:
944:
943:
939:
934:
927:
918:
916:
903:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
853:
849:
841:
832:
827:
823:
818:
811:
806:
802:
797:
788:
783:
779:
774:
770:
765:
758:
750:
743:
739:
711:Sent-down youth
647:
622:
589:, Hsu Pei-Fen,
587:Yang Chih-Chieh
562:Yang Chia-hsien
541:
532:
469:
445:
421:
374:
337:
284:
239:
215:Boxer Rebellion
179:First Opium War
174:
168:
128:
122:
101:
55:(1644 to 1912)
12:
11:
5:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1629:
1628:External links
1626:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Jian'an poetry
1360:
1354:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:Chinese poetry
1318:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1264:, ed. (1989).
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1226:
1220:
1204:
1198:
1179:
1173:
1155:Greene, Roland
1151:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1091:
1065:
1039:
1013:
987:
961:
937:
925:
896:
884:
872:
860:
847:
845:, p. 233.
830:
821:
809:
800:
786:
777:
768:
756:
754:, p. 232.
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
663:
658:
656:Chinese poetry
653:
646:
643:
635:hypermodernist
621:
618:
577:, targets the
550:Yu Kwang-chung
540:
537:
531:
528:
468:
465:
444:
441:
420:
417:
373:
370:
336:
333:
283:
280:
238:
235:
167:
164:
121:
118:
100:
97:
57:Chinese poetry
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1674:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1283:
1281:90-04-08960-8
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1221:9780521243384
1217:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:0-313-30298-7
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1107:on 2024-03-07
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1081:on 2024-02-28
1080:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1055:on 2024-03-06
1054:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1029:on 2024-02-25
1028:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1003:on 2024-03-28
1002:
998:
991:
988:
977:on 2024-03-03
976:
972:
965:
962:
951:
947:
941:
938:
932:
930:
926:
915:on 2010-04-12
914:
910:
906:
900:
897:
893:
888:
885:
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
854:Lee 1986, p.
851:
848:
844:
839:
837:
835:
831:
825:
822:
816:
814:
810:
804:
801:
795:
793:
791:
787:
781:
778:
772:
769:
766:Davis, xxxvi.
763:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
736:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:Tan Swie Hian
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
668:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
644:
642:
640:
636:
632:
631:postmodernist
628:
619:
617:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:modern poetry
580:
576:
572:
571:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
538:
536:
529:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
442:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
369:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
236:
234:
232:
231:Huang Zunxian
228:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
173:
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
127:
119:
117:
115:
111:
106:
98:
96:
95:(1891–1962).
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
36:
26:
22:
18:
1640:
1634:
1563:
1556:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1466:
1459:
1454:Wangchuan ji
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1402:Poetry works
1338:
1271:
1266:
1235:
1210:
1188:
1163:
1140:
1133:
1122:Bibliography
1109:. Retrieved
1105:the original
1094:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1068:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1042:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:the original
1016:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
990:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
964:
953:. Retrieved
949:
940:
917:. Retrieved
913:the original
908:
899:
887:
875:
863:
850:
824:
803:
780:
771:
665:
623:
606:Zhuxue Deren
603:
599:Lin Yu-Hsuan
591:Zhuxue Deren
568:
566:
542:
533:
489:
484:
475:, including
470:
453:White Terror
449:World War II
446:
422:
412:
400:
394:
388:(1923), the
375:
338:
285:
240:
224:
187:treaty ports
175:
160:Shanghainese
129:
102:
64:
53:Qing dynasty
48:
43:;
33:;
20:
19:, including
16:
15:
1478:Major forms
1393:Qing poetry
1388:Ming poetry
1383:Yuan poetry
1378:Song poetry
1373:Tang poetry
1262:Haft, Lloyd
880:Greene 2012
843:Greene 2012
807:Davis, lxix
784:Davis, xxxv
752:Greene 2012
726:Wai-lim Yip
693:Misty poets
673:La Jeunesse
667:Jade Ladder
579:millennials
492:Misty Poets
477:avant-garde
409:Liu Bannong
401:La Jeunesse
341:colonialism
319:. Hu Shih,
309:Cai Yuanpei
227:Gong Zizhen
189:and all of
172:Qing poetry
83:written in
69:New Culture
1651:Categories
1468:Zhuying ji
1358:Han poetry
1348:Poetry by
1327:Major eras
1111:2024-03-07
1085:2024-03-11
1059:2024-03-06
1033:2024-03-07
1007:2024-03-28
981:2024-03-07
955:2024-03-15
919:2010-10-19
892:Klein 2017
868:Lupke 2017
798:Davis, lxx
651:Chen Duxiu
620:Evaluation
595:Tsao Yu-Po
575:Xiang Yang
481:surrealism
425:Mao Zedong
256:Guomindang
99:Background
77:free verse
73:4 May 1919
61:vernacular
21:New poetry
909:Poets.org
737:Footnotes
683:Lu Zhiwei
627:modernist
558:Xi Murong
516:Yang Lian
496:allusions
399:新青年, or
382:Guo Moruo
357:Hong Kong
329:Wen Yiduo
325:Guo Moruo
209:were the
148:Cantonese
1461:Wen Xuan
1272:The Poem
645:See also
508:Gu Cheng
500:Shu Ting
461:Cold War
345:Taichung
321:Xu Zhimo
276:Liu Yazi
258:and the
1595:Portals
1350:dynasty
1233:(ed.).
1186:(ed.).
1127:Sources
554:Yang Mu
512:Duo Duo
504:Bei Dao
405:Hu Shih
305:Hu Shih
152:Min Nan
93:Hu Shih
1609:Poetry
1419:Chu Ci
1278:
1243:
1218:
1196:
1171:
1147:
524:Hai Zi
514:, and
384:, the
366:Lu Xun
349:Taiwan
250:, the
158:, and
65:baihua
49:xīnshī
45:pinyin
1639:, in
1621:China
1519:yuefu
361:Macau
156:Hakka
1276:ISBN
1241:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1145:ISBN
597:and
560:and
479:and
407:and
359:and
307:and
71:and
1505:shi
856:428
1653::
1512:qu
1498:fu
1491:ci
1161:.
948:.
928:^
907:.
833:^
812:^
789:^
759:^
744:^
641:.
601:.
593:,
556:,
552:,
510:,
506:,
502:,
331:.
323:,
162:.
154:,
150:,
146:,
47::
40:新诗
37::
30:新詩
27::
1597::
1312:e
1305:t
1298:v
1284:.
1249:.
1224:.
1202:.
1177:.
1114:.
1088:.
1062:.
1036:.
1010:.
984:.
958:.
922:.
858:.
633:/
629:/
63:(
23:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.