Knowledge (XXG)

Modern Maximum

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is recording, at best, very muted solar activity. Another proposed end date for the maximum is 2007, with the decline phase of Cycle 23. In any case the low solar activity of solar cycle 24 in the 2010s marked a new period of reduced solar activity.
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Rigozo, N. R.; Echer, E.; Vieira, L. E. A.; Nordemann, D. J. R. (2001). "Reconstruction of Wolf Sunspot Numbers on the Basis of Spectral Characteristics and Estimates of Associated Radio Flux and Solar Wind Parameters for the Last Millennium".
130:, and one of many that are known from proxy records of past solar variability. The Modern Maximum reached a double peak once in the 1950s and again during the 1990s. 382: 397: 439: 468: 65: 375: 483: 473: 368: 348: 478: 458: 432: 463: 279: 301: 254: 166: 488: 317: 270: 244: 190: 425: 182: 409: 352: 35: 309: 262: 174: 232: 127: 99: 152:"Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years" 305: 258: 170: 151: 119: 115: 111: 107: 83: 39: 452: 321: 274: 194: 147: 95: 313: 266: 78: 186: 150:; Usoskin, Ilya G.; Kromer, Bernd; Schüssler, Manfred; Beer, Jürg (2004). 178: 249: 77: 340: 405: 103: 18: 114:
during the late 1950s and may have ended with the peak of
413: 356: 47: 235:(2017). "A History of Solar Activity over Millennia". 86:observations showing the recent elevated activity. 102:and colleagues as the period of unusually high 16:Period of high solar activity beginning in 1914 433: 376: 8: 126:This maximum period is a natural example of 209:"11,000 Year Sunspot Number Reconstruction" 440: 426: 383: 369: 248: 66:Learn how and when to remove this message 139: 7: 394: 392: 337: 335: 412:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by 355:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by 14: 110:in 1914. It reached a maximum in 396: 339: 23: 237:Living Reviews in Solar Physics 48:check for citation inaccuracies 213:Global Change Master Directory 1: 404:This article related to the 505: 391: 334: 106:activity which began with 267:10.1007/s41116-017-0006-9 469:20th-century meteorology 314:10.1023/A:1012745612022 351:-related article is a 87: 81: 306:2001SoPh..203..179R 259:2017LRSP...14....3U 179:10.1038/nature02995 171:2004Natur.431.1084S 88: 484:Environment stubs 474:2000s meteorology 421: 420: 364: 363: 76: 75: 68: 496: 442: 435: 428: 400: 393: 385: 378: 371: 343: 336: 326: 325: 288: 282: 278: 252: 229: 223: 222: 220: 219: 205: 203: 201: 165:(7012): 1084–7. 156: 148:Solanki, Sami K. 144: 71: 64: 60: 57: 51: 27: 26: 19: 504: 503: 499: 498: 497: 495: 494: 493: 479:Solar phenomena 459:1914 beginnings 449: 448: 447: 446: 390: 389: 332: 330: 329: 290: 289: 285: 231: 230: 226: 217: 215: 207: 199: 197: 154: 146: 145: 141: 136: 128:solar variation 100:Ilya G. Usoskin 72: 61: 55: 52: 45: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 502: 500: 492: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 451: 450: 445: 444: 437: 430: 422: 419: 418: 401: 388: 387: 380: 373: 365: 362: 361: 344: 328: 327: 300:(1): 179–191. 283: 224: 138: 137: 135: 132: 120:solar cycle 24 116:solar cycle 23 112:solar cycle 19 108:solar cycle 15 92:Modern Maximum 84:sunspot number 74: 73: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 501: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 456: 454: 443: 438: 436: 431: 429: 424: 423: 417: 415: 411: 407: 402: 399: 395: 386: 381: 379: 374: 372: 367: 366: 360: 358: 354: 350: 345: 342: 338: 333: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 294:Solar Physics 287: 284: 281: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 251: 246: 242: 238: 234: 228: 225: 214: 210: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 153: 149: 143: 140: 133: 131: 129: 124: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 94:was found by 93: 85: 80: 70: 67: 59: 49: 43: 41: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 464:2000 endings 414:expanding it 403: 357:expanding it 346: 331: 297: 293: 286: 240: 236: 233:Usoskin I.G. 227: 216:. Retrieved 212: 198:. Retrieved 162: 158: 142: 125: 118:in 2000, as 96:Sami Solanki 91: 89: 62: 56:October 2021 53: 38:that do not 34:may contain 33: 349:environment 82:History of 453:Categories 218:2005-03-11 134:References 489:Sun stubs 322:117574927 275:195340740 250:0810.3972 36:citations 280:PDF Copy 243:(3): 3. 200:17 April 187:15510145 42:the text 302:Bibcode 255:Bibcode 195:4373732 167:Bibcode 46:Please 320:  273:  193:  185:  159:Nature 40:verify 408:is a 347:This 318:S2CID 271:S2CID 245:arXiv 191:S2CID 155:(PDF) 104:solar 410:stub 353:stub 202:2007 183:PMID 90:The 406:Sun 310:doi 298:203 263:doi 175:doi 163:431 455:: 316:. 308:. 296:. 269:. 261:. 253:. 241:14 239:. 211:. 206:, 189:. 181:. 173:. 161:. 157:. 98:, 441:e 434:t 427:v 416:. 384:e 377:t 370:v 359:. 324:. 312:: 304:: 277:. 265:: 257:: 247:: 221:. 204:. 177:: 169:: 69:) 63:( 58:) 54:( 50:. 44:.

Index

citations
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check for citation inaccuracies
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sunspot number
Sami Solanki
Ilya G. Usoskin
solar
solar cycle 15
solar cycle 19
solar cycle 23
solar cycle 24
solar variation
Solanki, Sami K.
"Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years"
Bibcode
2004Natur.431.1084S
doi
10.1038/nature02995
PMID
15510145
S2CID
4373732
"11,000 Year Sunspot Number Reconstruction"
Usoskin I.G.
arXiv
0810.3972
Bibcode
2017LRSP...14....3U

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