552:. Gerindo aimed to raise public consciousness of nationalist ideas by organizing the people. Gerindo's founding, however, also reflected a growing willingness on the part of many left-wing nationalists to cooperate with the Dutch. This willingness arose both from despair over the prospects for organizing effective nationalist resistance in the face of Dutch military and police power and from a conviction that collaboration against fascism (especially Japanese fascism) had the highest priority in world affairs. Gerindo hoped that through cooperation the Dutch would establish a separate legislature in the colonial territory. Yamin was expelled from the organization in 1939 for breaches of regulations, including campaigning against another Gerindo candidate in the Batavia municipal council elections. He then established the Party of Indonesian Unity (Parpindo). In 1939, Yamin became a member of the
688:. When the BPUPK met for its second session, on 10 July, a committee of 19 members, with Soepomo playing the major role, produced the draft constitution over three days. Yamin was disappointed at not being appointed to this committee and refused to accept his appointment to a different committee that discussed financial matters. When the draft constitution was put to a vote on 16 July, Yamin criticised it and was the only BPUPK member who did not immediately accept it. Yamin subsequently claimed that he had produced a draft constitution that was very similar to Soepomo's version, but there is no evidence for this, and Hatta specifically denied that Yamin had presented such a document to the BPUPK.
35:
506:, possibly the most original work of pre-independence fiction, dealt with the destructive effect of contemporary commercial ethics on Balinese society. Distinctly innovative poetry had appeared in the 1910s. The European sonnet form was especially popular, but the influence of traditional verse forms remained strong. Although Yamin experimented with Malay in his poetry, he upheld the classical norms of the language more than the younger generation of writers. Yamin also published plays, essays, historical novels, and poems, and translated works from such authors as
673:
435:, specifically the part that is called the Alam Minangkabau which lies on the western part of the large island, as his land and water (tanah airku) as well as that to which he will defend with his blood (tumpah darahku), and not Indonesia as it became independent in 1945. This may reflect the early development of his concept of nationhood.
594:, Amir Sjarifuddin received funds from the Dutch authorities to organize underground resistance. This movement was quickly ended by the Japanese. Gerindo, like all other organizations, was banned. Gerindo's policy of cooperation with the Dutch prefigured the postwar strategy of the Socialist Party — including that of
1569:
783:
Yamin died in
Jakarta on 17 October 1962. The originator of significant ideas, Yamin dominated modern Indonesian political and cultural history. His ideas contributed to the political awakening and the surge in national pride in Indonesia. In 1973, he was proclaimed a
1562:
665:. As part of the de-Sukanoization process to discredit the former regime, it was in the interests of the government to claim that Yamin had come up with the Pancasila concept and that Sukarno was simply the first person to use the term 'Pancasila'. To this end,
649:, Prof. A.G. Pringgodigdo, Prof. Sunario, and all of the surviving members of BPUPK who were subsequently interviewed. However, the fact that Yamin was seemingly the only person to possess complete records of the BPUPK sessions, which he used for his 1959 book
601:
During the
Japanese occupation (1942–1945), Yamin was appointed to the advisory board of the Center for People's Power (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat - PUTERA), a Japanese-sponsored confederation of nationalist organizations. Putera was established on 9 March 1943, with
1555:
579:. Yamin subsequently claimed that he and his new colleagues had been unhappy with Parindra members dominating the National Fraction. As a reprisal for its refusal to admit him as a member, Yamin then tried to undermine the united front of the
1308:
453:, appeared on 28 October 1928. The date was historically important because it was on that date that Yamin and his fellow nationalists recited an oath: One Country, One Nation, One Language, popularly known as the Youth's Oath (
2177:
684:) tasked with beginning to draft a constitution. This committee produced the preamble, which incorporated the essence of Sukarno's 1 June speech. Yamin, who did much of the work in producing this draft, called it the
634:. Yamin later claimed that on 29 May 1945, he delivered a speech on certain philosophical and political foundations for the proposed new nation and enumerated five principles for the nation, which came to be known as
754:
Although Yamin was intelligent, he had a reputation for overstating his accomplishments, and for being argumentative. Thamrin referred to him as "the eternal splitter" because of his confrontational attitude in the
372:" ('motherland') in 1922. It was the first collection of modern Malay verse to be published. Quoted below is the first stanza of "Tanah Air", his ode to the natural beauty of the highlands in present West Sumatra:
50:
368:, the literary publication of the Jong Sumatranen Bond, a semi-political organization of Sumatran youth. Yamin's early works were tied to the clichés used in classical Malay. He debuted as a poet with "
1579:
615:
598:, defense minister and later prime minister of the Indonesian Republic — in making far-reaching concessions to the Dutch to obtain international recognition of Indonesia's sovereignty.
3659:
2453:
2163:
154:
361:
Yamin began his literary career as a writer in the 1920s when
Indonesian poetry was marked by an intense and largely reflective romanticism. He was a pioneer in that art form.
997:
836:
Naskah-naskah
Persiapan Undang-undang Dasar, 1959 - a compendium and commentary on the proceedings of the deliberations leading to the promulgation of the 1945 Constitution
767:. A plaque that he ordered installed on the temple claiming he played a key role was removed once Yamin was no longer culture minister. Indonesia's first vice-president,
696:
3649:
3609:
1417:
Inomata, Aiko
Kurasawa (1997). "Indonesia Merdeka Selekas-lekasnya: Preparations for Independence in the Last Days of Japanese Occupation". In Abdullah, Taufik (ed.).
3679:
3639:
618:(BPUPK). He suggested to the body that the new nation should include all the Malay-speaking world: not only the territories of the Netherlands Indies, but also
103:
898:
3674:
3358:
759:. As well as his false claim to have come up with the concept of Pancasila in a speech at the BPUPK on 29 May 1945, when he was minister of culture in the
638:
and were later incorporated in the
Preamble of the 1945 Constitution. This would have been two days before Sukarno's speech outlining Pancasila on 1 June.
606:
as chairman. Concurrent with his role in Putera's advisory board, Yamin was appointed a senior official at the
Sendenbu (the Japanese Propaganda Office).
567:, by enticing non-Javanese members away, damaging the unity of the nationalists. He then formed the National Indonesia Group (Goni), which was chaired by
3634:
2446:
1333:
3629:
1372:
1454:
The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
3684:
692:
471:, the only literary publication that featured the rebuke to the predominantly Dutch-speaking indigenous intellectuals. His compatriots included
2170:
3614:
3664:
2439:
1846:
1538:
1515:
1426:
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2294:
726:
Yamin served in the cabinet of successive, post-colonial administrations, notably as
Minister of Education and Culture (1953–1955) in the
1547:
839:
Proklamasi dan
Konstitusi Republik Indonesia (The Proclamation of Independence and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), 1951
3619:
935:
2015:
1461:
1322:
1290:
908:
1366:. Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series. Ithaca, N.Y.: Modern Indonesia Project, Cornell University.
1005:
964:
500:(1898–1959), whose central theme was the interaction of Indonesian and European value systems. In 1936 Pandji Tisna's (1908–1978)
760:
739:
727:
3669:
1450:
Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan
735:
580:
3644:
2802:
2238:
2233:
1264:
1225:
2912:
2188:
553:
2741:
925:
536:(Indonesian Youth) in 1928. . He then became an active member of the Association of Indonesian Students (PPPI) and the
311:
3654:
3473:
2364:
2213:
1816:
1801:
1962:
583:(Gapi) by separately petitioning the Dutch authorities for an Indonesian parliament on behalf of his Parindo party.
34:
3261:
2462:
1361:
785:
315:
283:
3458:
2812:
2621:
2506:
2344:
1876:
1661:
1601:
646:
287:
2155:
1706:
3493:
3483:
3158:
3004:
2771:
2751:
2581:
2390:
2319:
1861:
549:
480:
2010:
1626:
1616:
3498:
3393:
3307:
3302:
3184:
2947:
2516:
2093:
1731:
1691:
568:
557:
1666:
669:, the official historian, used Yamin's 1959 work as the basis of an official book to reinforce this claim.
3453:
3428:
3060:
3055:
2994:
2887:
2676:
2641:
2556:
2481:
2329:
2309:
2299:
2284:
1851:
1811:
1701:
742:
and Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Information and Director of BAPPENAS (1962 until his death) in the
564:
431:, the site of the prehistoric canyon now verdant with rainforest and paddy fields. Note that he refers to
341:. In mid-1936, together with his colleagues Liem, Pane, and Sjarifuddin, Yamin started another newspaper,
3312:
1821:
1676:
502:
325:
In the early 1930s, Yamin was active in journalist circles, joining the editorial board of the newspaper
3282:
3163:
3117:
3019:
2596:
2476:
2374:
2274:
2087:
1993:
1646:
1636:
1606:
1436:
790:
743:
662:
658:
587:
199:
1969:
1671:
1957:
3604:
3599:
3548:
3478:
3408:
3194:
2807:
2797:
2761:
2711:
2671:
2666:
2626:
2551:
2546:
2486:
2349:
2324:
2120:
2022:
1981:
1896:
1781:
1711:
1631:
716:
635:
512:
496:
form, borrowed from Dutch literature. At that time among the major writers was the national activist
3528:
3292:
1776:
3538:
3398:
3029:
3024:
2999:
2989:
2862:
2837:
2611:
2591:
2561:
2521:
1911:
1906:
1826:
1791:
1736:
1696:
823:
666:
517:
3277:
1952:
1936:
1621:
3443:
3438:
3153:
2857:
2289:
2027:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1716:
1472:
1405:
563:
Within the Vollksraad, Yamin divided the National Fraction grouping of Indonesian members led by
1063:
900:
Minorities, Modernity and the Emerging Nation: Christians in Indonesia, a Biographical Approach
3342:
3327:
3235:
2902:
2566:
2369:
2223:
2193:
1926:
1881:
1831:
1806:
1741:
1681:
1611:
1534:
1511:
1495:
1457:
1456:] (in Indonesian). Depok, Indonesia: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
1422:
1318:
1286:
1274:
1260:
931:
904:
235:
1686:
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3503:
3433:
3378:
3363:
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2937:
2872:
2661:
2606:
2531:
2501:
2491:
2304:
2208:
2134:
2061:
1886:
1866:
1641:
1487:
1395:
1387:
830:
712:
672:
631:
595:
545:
485:
467:
438:
The credit for the first important modern prose in Malay belongs to his fellow Minangkabau,
338:
95:
738:, Minister and deputy director of the National Planning Board (BAPPENAS)(1960–1962) in the
3573:
3558:
3543:
3468:
3418:
3403:
3388:
3383:
3204:
3143:
3014:
2766:
2646:
2601:
2526:
2395:
2359:
2056:
1771:
731:
685:
472:
1229:
3624:
3578:
3533:
3488:
3413:
3179:
3112:
3009:
2892:
2832:
2822:
2656:
2636:
2616:
2420:
2354:
2243:
1841:
1796:
1756:
1726:
1721:
1279:
972:
768:
704:
642:
627:
576:
476:
350:
330:
3593:
3508:
3448:
3317:
3256:
3230:
3189:
3096:
2907:
2867:
2827:
2817:
2781:
2746:
2736:
2691:
2405:
2334:
2115:
1761:
136:
1373:"Perceptions of Modernity and the Sense of the Past: Indonesian Poetry in the 1920s"
3553:
3513:
3463:
3297:
3287:
3220:
3199:
3138:
3122:
2842:
2776:
2576:
2541:
2410:
2400:
2269:
2259:
2218:
2005:
1931:
1921:
1786:
1656:
720:
572:
439:
231:
187:
1506:
Post, Peter; Frederick, William H.; Heidebrink, Iris; Sato, Shigeru, eds. (2010).
614:
Yamin was also one of the sixty-two founding members of the Japanese-established
3337:
3332:
3086:
2952:
2847:
2731:
2681:
2536:
2511:
2415:
2228:
1916:
1746:
507:
428:
334:
279:
2431:
3563:
3423:
3081:
3076:
2984:
2932:
2756:
2496:
2279:
2264:
1651:
1491:
497:
299:
227:
1499:
829:
Tatanegara Majapahit (7 volumes), an exposition of the administration of the
446:
which also appeared in 1922. Rusli's work enjoyed years of great popularity.
427:
In the above poem, one imagines Yamin standing on the hills near the town of
3523:
3518:
3373:
3368:
2968:
2922:
2897:
2877:
2852:
2696:
764:
462:
307:
255:
1047:
2917:
2882:
2701:
2686:
2651:
2571:
1891:
813:
537:
457:). The date is celebrated as a national holiday in Indonesia. His play,
432:
1473:"A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia"
1257:
One Hand Clapping : Indonesian Nationalists and the Dutch 1939-1942
1052:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. pp. 71–2.
3251:
3148:
3050:
2942:
2726:
2721:
2706:
2631:
2339:
1901:
1871:
1856:
1836:
1751:
1409:
1226:""Mengenang Yamin" - 23/08/2003, 4:13 WIB - KOMPAS Cyber Media - Kolom"
1064:"Nieuwe fractie wenscht tot een onafhankelijk Indonesia mede te werken"
708:
700:
619:
603:
541:
319:
303:
251:
175:
124:
71:
1400:
3045:
2927:
2716:
540:. Upon the dissolution of Partindo, Yamin was one of the founders of
493:
83:
1391:
763:
from 1953 to 1955, Yamin claimed to have led the restoration of the
3322:
2098:
1281:
Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946
671:
623:
286:
who played a key role in the writing of the draft preamble to the
1029:
1027:
794:, was named after Yamin after being discovered in his hometown.
641:
Yamin's claim of authorship for Pancasila was questioned by Dr.
591:
2435:
2159:
1551:
374:
364:
Yamin started to write in Malay in the Dutch-language journal
1580:
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
842:
Kebudayaan Asia Afrika (The Asian and African Cultures), 1955
734:, Minister for Social Affairs and Culture (1959–1960) in the
616:
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
310:. He was educated at Dutch schools for natives, firstly at a
965:"History of Indonesia Mirror Site Aad 'Arcengel' Engelfriet"
532:(Association of Sumatran Youth) from 1926 to 1928, and also
1092:
819:
Gadjah Mada (history of the Majapahit prime minister), 1948
16:
Indonesian poet, revolutionary, and politician (1903–1962)
1334:"Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945"
924:
Dieleman, Marleen; Koning, Juliette; Post, Peter (2010).
862:
860:
858:
856:
1259:. Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University.
556:, an advisory body created in 1917 by the Dutch in the
655:
Documents for the preparation of the 1945 Constitution
877:
875:
661:
regime, which took power in Indonesia following the
3351:
3270:
3244:
3213:
3172:
3131:
3105:
3069:
3038:
2977:
2961:
2790:
2469:
2383:
2252:
2201:
2049:
2042:
1945:
1594:
1587:
318:in Jogyakarta. In 1932 he obtained a law degree in
261:
241:
214:
209:
193:
181:
171:
152:
142:
130:
120:
101:
89:
77:
67:
48:
23:
1533:] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Timur.
1307:v1(2006), No 1, Article 9. Free copy available at
1278:
892:
890:
812:Sedjarah Perdjoeangan Dipanegara (History of the
697:Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence
1508:The Encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War
730:, Minister without portfolio (1957–1959) in the
723:to produce a final version of the Constitution.
3660:Ministers of law and human rights of Indonesia
1421:. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 97–113.
461:, which took its subjects from Java's history
419:Sumatra, the land where my blood was spilled.
2447:
2171:
1563:
1443:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
998:"Indonesia - Pararaton Manuscript: UNESCO-CI"
699:(PPKI) met and tasked a commission of seven:
680:Yamin was a member of the Committee of Nine (
8:
1480:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
298:Yamin was born on 24 August 1903 in Talawi,
1176:
1140:
1116:
1080:
1070:(in Dutch). Medan. 13 July 1939. p. 3.
1033:
2454:
2440:
2432:
2178:
2164:
2156:
2046:
1591:
1570:
1556:
1548:
1285:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
1018:
542:the Indonesian People's Movement (Gerindo)
492:In his poetry, Yamin made much use of the
278:(24 August 1903 – 17 October 1962) was an
33:
20:
1399:
1363:Republic of Indonesia Cabinets, 1945-1965
651:Naskah persiapan Undang-undang Dasar 1945
407:Forests, jungles, and valleys are visible
1200:
950:
866:
610:Involvement in drafting the constitution
465:, appeared in one of the 1934 issues of
409:As well as rice fields, beautiful lakes:
386:lagi pun sawah, telaga nan permai :
3650:Members of the Central Advisory Council
3610:20th-century dramatists and playwrights
1441:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
1104:
852:
63:6 March 1962 – 17 October 1962
1419:The Heartbeat of Indonesian Revolution
1212:
116:30 July 1953 – 12 August 1955
3680:Social affairs ministers of Indonesia
3640:Indonesian dramatists and playwrights
1847:Siti Sukaptinah Sunaryo Mangunpuspito
1360:Finch, Susan; Lev, Daniel S. (1965).
1188:
1164:
1152:
1128:
927:Chinese Indonesians and Regime Change
881:
788:. In 2015, a species of fossil fish,
167:27 April 1951 – 3 April 1952
7:
2587:Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
2295:Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
992:
990:
3675:Rechtshogeschool te Batavia alumni
1471:Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011),
1315:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
1313:Cribb, R.B; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
693:proclaimed Indonesian independence
657:) was particularly useful for the
14:
3635:Government ministers of Indonesia
1531:Profiles of 143 Indonesian Heroes
1301:Legal Education in Southeast Asia
897:van Klinken, Geert Arend (2003).
403:Above the limits of Bukit Barisan
396:Sumatera namanya tumpah darahku.
382:Memandang beta ke bawah memandang
3630:Education ministers of Indonesia
1802:Poerbonegoro Soemitro Kolopaking
1317:. Scarecrow Press. p. 157.
1305:Asian Journal of Comparative Law
761:First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet
728:First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet
390:Langit yang hijau bertukar warna
384:Tampaklah hutan rimba dan ngarai
282:poet, politician, historian and
3323:Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
2384:Ethnic Arab and Chinese members
806:Indonesia, Tumpah Darahku, 1928
581:Indonesian Political Federation
3685:University of Indonesia alumni
2239:Cornelia Razoux Schultz-Metzer
2234:Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger
2135:Saibun Abdul Jalil Rahmat Sjah
663:coup attempt of September 1965
415:By the tips of coconut leaves:
104:Minister of National Education
1:
3615:20th-century Indonesian poets
1527:Profil 143 Pahlawan Indonesia
1332:Elson, R. E. (October 2009).
413:The green sky changing colors
392:Oleh pucuk daun kelapa :
380:Di atas batasan Bukit Barisan
3665:National Heroes of Indonesia
2742:Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution
2463:National Heroes of Indonesia
1203:, pp. 30, 38–43, 46–49.
809:Ken Arok dan Ken Dedes, 1934
528:Yamin was the leader of the
388:Serta gerangan lihatlah pula
353:'s Siang Po Printing Press.
312:Hollandsch-Inlandsche School
3474:Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan
2365:Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati
2214:Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha
1817:Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo
1255:Abeyasekere, Susan (1976).
691:On 17 August 1945, Sukarno
449:Yamin's second collection,
345:(1936–1941), which—as with
3701:
3554:Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati
3262:Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes
2139:Sjech Mohd. Djamil Djambek
1707:Jenal Asikin Wijaya Kusuma
786:National Hero of Indonesia
538:Indonesia Party (Partindo)
316:Algemene Middelbare School
3620:20th-century male writers
3459:I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung
2813:Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe
2622:Lambertus Nicodemus Palar
2507:Alexander Andries Maramis
2345:Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
1877:Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
1662:Alexander Andries Maramis
1525:Winda, D.A., ed. (2009).
1492:10.1163/22134379-90003589
833:(5th to 14th century AD).
269:
205:
160:
109:
56:
44:
32:
3494:Martha Christina Tiahahu
3484:Mahmud Shah III of Johor
3159:Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
3005:Donald Izacus Pandjaitan
2913:Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
2772:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
2752:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
2582:Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung
2391:Abdullah bin Alwi Alatas
2320:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
1862:Surachman Tjokroadisurjo
1371:Foulcher, Keith (1977).
1143:, pp. 196, 199–206.
1119:, pp. 196, 199–205.
1046:Gonggong, Anhar (1985).
481:Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana
294:Early life and education
3499:Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin
3308:Albertus Soegijapranata
3185:Johannes Abraham Dimara
2948:Robert Wolter Mongisidi
2517:Andi Sultan Daeng Radja
2125:Mohd. Sjafei (chairman)
2094:Ferdinand Lumban Tobing
2011:Tanaka Minoru (soldier)
1732:Margono Djojohadikusumo
1627:Abdulrahim Pratalykrama
1177:Kusuma & Elson 2011
1141:Kusuma & Elson 2011
1117:Kusuma & Elson 2011
1034:Kusuma & Elson 2011
903:. Leiden: KITLV Press.
771:called Yamin 'crafty' (
676:Tomb of Yamin in Talawi
569:Mangaradja Soeangkoepon
558:Netherlands East Indies
544:in May 1937 along with
51:Minister of Information
3670:People from Sawahlunto
3454:I Gusti Ketut Jelantik
3429:Raja Haji Fisabilillah
3061:Wahidin Soedirohoesodo
3056:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
2995:Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono
2888:Muhammad Mangundiprojo
2677:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
2642:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
2557:Ferdinand Lumbantobing
2482:Abdul Halim Majalengka
2330:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
2310:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
2300:Mangaradja Soangkoepon
2285:Bernard Wilhelm Lapian
1852:Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
1812:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
1702:Hoesein Djajadiningrat
1692:Boentaran Martoatmodjo
1437:Kahin, George McTurnan
1299:Cheng Han Tan et al.,
1049:Muhammad Husni Thamrin
1019:Cribb & Kahin 2004
740:Second Working Cabinet
695:and the next day, the
677:
565:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
459:Ken Arok dan Ken Dedes
442:, author of the novel
401:
378:
39:Mohammad Yamin in 1954
3645:Indonesian male poets
3283:Abdul Wahab Hasbullah
3164:Maria Walanda Maramis
3118:Wage Rudolf Supratman
3020:Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto
2597:Iwa Koesoemasoemantri
2547:Djoeanda Kartawidjaja
2477:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
2375:Wiwoho Purbohadidjojo
2275:Achmad Djajadiningrat
2088:Djamaluddin Adinegoro
1667:Ashar Sutejo Munandar
1637:Abikusno Tjokrosujoso
1607:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
791:Ombilinichthys yamini
744:Third Working Cabinet
736:First Working Cabinet
675:
405:I gaze below, looking
3549:Sisingamangaraja XII
3479:Mahmud Badaruddin II
3409:Teungku Chik di Tiro
3303:As'ad Syamsul Arifin
3195:Pajonga Daeng Ngalie
2798:Abdul Haris Nasution
2762:Teuku Muhammad Hasan
2712:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
2667:Oto Iskandar di Nata
2627:Maskoen Soemadiredja
2552:Ernest Douwes Dekker
2487:Abdurrahman Baswedan
2350:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
2325:Oto Iskandar di Nata
2121:Teuku Mohammad Hasan
1897:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
1782:Oto Iskandar di Nata
1712:Johannes Latuharhary
1632:Abdurrahman Baswedan
1448:Kusuma, A.B (2004).
1201:Finch & Lev 1965
930:. Amsterdam: BRILL.
571:, and also included
530:Jong Sumatranen Bond
3539:Ranggong Daeng Romo
3313:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
3030:Sutoyo Siswomiharjo
3000:Katamso Darmokusumo
2990:Karel Satsuit Tubun
2838:Halim Perdanakusuma
2612:Kasman Singodimedjo
2592:I Gusti Ketut Pudja
2562:Gatot Mangkoepradja
2522:Arie Frederik Lasut
1912:Susanto Tirtoprodjo
1827:Samsi Sastrawidagda
1822:Ruslan Wongsokusumo
1737:Maria Ulfah Santoso
1677:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
1191:, pp. 136–138.
1179:, pp. 205–206.
1167:, pp. 114–115.
1155:, pp. 112–113.
1036:, pp. 204–205.
824:American Revolution
717:Otto Iskandardinata
667:Nugroho Notosusanto
586:Shortly before the
518:Rabindranath Tagore
503:Sukreni: Gadis Bali
417:That is my homeland
3655:Minangkabau people
3444:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
3154:Ki Hajar Dewantara
2928:Sutomo (Bung Tomo)
2858:I Gusti Ngurah Rai
2803:Abdul Rahman Saleh
2290:Cipto Mangunkusumo
2253:Indonesian members
2066:A. R. Sutan Mansur
2050:Indonesian members
1994:Matsuura Mitsukiyo
1717:Ki Hajar Dewantara
1647:Agus Muhsin Dasaad
1595:Indonesian members
1275:Anderson, Benedict
822:Revolusi Amerika (
678:
394:Itulah tanah airku
349:—was published by
200:Lukman Wiriadinata
3587:
3586:
3343:Nyai Ahmad Dahlan
3236:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
2903:Oerip Soemohardjo
2873:R. E. Martadinata
2567:Hamengkubuwono IX
2429:
2428:
2370:Wiranatakusumah V
2224:Hubertus van Mook
2194:Dutch East Indies
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2128:Perpatih Baringek
2038:
2037:
1970:Itagaki Masamitsu
1927:Wiranatakusumah V
1682:Besar Mertokusumo
1672:Asikin Natanegara
1612:Abdul Fatah Hasan
1540:978-979-3837-31-4
1517:978-90-04-16866 4
1510:. Leiden: Brill.
1428:978-979-605-723-8
1083:, pp. 30–31.
1002:portal.unesco.org
963:Engelfriet, Aad.
953:, pp. 41–42.
682:Panintia Sembilan
425:
424:
302:on the island of
288:1945 constitution
273:
272:
236:Dutch East Indies
96:Roeslan Abdulgani
3692:
3569:Thaha Syaifuddin
3504:Nyi Ageng Serang
3434:Hamengkubuwono I
3379:Andi Mappanyukki
3226:Mohammad Tabrani
2938:T. B. Simatupang
2662:Opu Daeng Risaju
2607:Johannes Leimena
2532:Bagindo Azizchan
2502:Adnan Kapau Gani
2492:Achmad Soebardjo
2456:
2449:
2442:
2433:
2305:Mangkunegara VII
2209:Paul Alex Blaauw
2202:European members
2180:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2084:Chatib Soeleiman
2062:Adnan Kapau Gani
2047:
2031:
2019:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1958:Itibangase Yosio
1946:Japanese members
1887:Sosrodiningrat V
1642:Achmad Soebardjo
1592:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1549:
1544:
1521:
1502:
1486:(2–3): 196–209,
1477:
1467:
1444:
1432:
1413:
1403:
1377:
1367:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1338:
1328:
1296:
1284:
1270:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1228:. Archived from
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1093:Post et al. 2010
1090:
1084:
1081:Abeyasekere 1976
1078:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1008:on 7 April 2005.
1004:. Archived from
994:
985:
984:
982:
980:
971:. Archived from
960:
954:
948:
942:
941:
921:
915:
914:
894:
885:
879:
870:
864:
831:Majapahit Empire
779:Death and legacy
765:Borobudur temple
632:Portuguese Timor
596:Amir Sjarifuddin
550:Amir Sjarifuddin
486:Poedjangga Baroe
468:Poedjangga Baroe
411:And then, behold
375:
339:Amir Sjarifuddin
329:, together with
248:
224:
222:
210:Personal details
196:
184:
165:
145:
133:
114:
92:
80:
61:
37:
21:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3574:Untung Surapati
3559:Tuanku Tambusai
3544:Ratu Kalinyamat
3469:La Maddukelleng
3419:Cut Nyak Meutia
3404:Bataha Santiago
3399:Sultan Babullah
3389:Prince Antasari
3384:Aria Wangsakara
3369:Ageng Tirtayasa
3347:
3266:
3240:
3209:
3205:Syarif Kasim II
3168:
3144:Herman Johannes
3127:
3101:
3065:
3034:
3015:Siswondo Parman
2978:Revolutionaries
2973:
2957:
2786:
2767:Teuku Nyak Arif
2647:Mohammad Natsir
2602:Izaak Huru Doko
2527:Arnold Mononutu
2465:
2460:
2430:
2425:
2396:Han Tiauw Tjong
2379:
2360:Teuku Nyak Arif
2248:
2197:
2186:Members of the
2184:
2154:
2145:
2057:Teuku Nyak Arif
2034:
2025:
2023:Tokonami Tokuji
2013:
1996:
1984:
1982:Masuda Toyohiko
1972:
1960:
1941:
1772:Oey Tiang Tjoei
1583:
1578:Members of the
1576:
1541:
1524:
1518:
1505:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1447:
1435:
1429:
1416:
1392:10.2307/3350884
1375:
1370:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1312:
1293:
1273:
1267:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1068:De Sumatra post
1062:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1013:
996:
995:
988:
978:
976:
975:on 9 March 2022
962:
961:
957:
949:
945:
938:
923:
922:
918:
911:
896:
895:
888:
880:
873:
865:
854:
849:
814:Dipanegara Wars
803:Tanah Air, 1922
800:
781:
752:
732:Djuanda Cabinet
686:Jakarta Charter
645:, Mr. Subarjo,
612:
588:Japanese attack
526:
473:Roestam Effendi
421:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
398:
395:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
359:
296:
250:
246:
245:17 October 1962
226:
220:
218:
194:
182:
166:
161:
155:Minister of Law
143:
131:
115:
110:
90:
78:
62:
57:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3698:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3579:Zainal Mustafa
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3534:Radin Inten II
3531:
3529:Raden Mattaher
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3489:Mangkunegara I
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Cut Nyak Dhien
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Hasyim Asy'ari
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Ahmad Hanafiah
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Frans Kaisiepo
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Ismail Marzuki
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3092:Mohammad Yamin
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:Pierre Tendean
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Muhammad Yasin
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2833:Gatot Soebroto
2830:
2825:
2823:Djamin Ginting
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:Nani Wartabone
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Mohammad Hatta
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Kusumah Atmaja
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2421:Phoa Liong Gie
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Tadjuddin Noor
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Mohammad Yamin
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2244:Karel Zaalberg
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2020:
2008:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Sastromoeljono
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1797:Parada Harahap
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Oey Tjong Hauw
1774:
1769:
1767:Mohammad Yamin
1764:
1759:
1757:Mohammad Hatta
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1727:Liem Koen Hian
1724:
1722:Kusumah Atmaja
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1522:
1516:
1503:
1468:
1462:
1445:
1433:
1427:
1414:
1368:
1357:
1329:
1323:
1310:
1297:
1291:
1271:
1265:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1131:, p. 111.
1121:
1109:
1107:, p. 107.
1097:
1095:, p. 620.
1085:
1073:
1055:
1038:
1023:
1021:, p. 157.
1011:
986:
955:
943:
937:978-9004191211
936:
916:
909:
886:
871:
869:, p. 457.
851:
850:
848:
845:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
827:
820:
817:
810:
807:
804:
799:
798:Selected works
796:
780:
777:
769:Mohammad Hatta
751:
748:
705:Mohammad Hatta
647:Mr. A. Maramis
643:Mohammad Hatta
611:
608:
577:Tadjuddin Noor
534:Indonesia Muda
525:
524:Political life
522:
483:, founders of
451:Tumpah Darahku
423:
422:
399:
358:
355:
351:Phoa Liong Gie
331:Liem Koen Hian
295:
292:
276:Muhammad Yamin
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
249:(aged 59)
243:
239:
238:
225:24 August 1903
216:
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
158:
157:
150:
149:
146:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
107:
106:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
54:
53:
46:
45:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
26:Muhammad Yamin
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3697:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Pakubuwono VI
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:Iskandar Muda
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Achmad Rifa'i
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Siti Hartinah
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3249:
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2908:Slamet Rijadi
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2828:Djatikoesoemo
2826:
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2818:Basuki Rahmat
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2117:
2116:Daud Beureueh
2114:
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2109:Indra Tjahaja
2108:
2105:
2103:Hsu Hua Chang
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2100:
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2045:
2043:Sumatra BPUPK
2041:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1983:
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1971:
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1907:Suryohamijoyo
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1792:Panji Singgih
1790:
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1762:Mohammad Noor
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1697:Hindromartono
1695:
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1463:979-8972-28-7
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1386:(23): 39–58.
1385:
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1347:(88): 105–130
1346:
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1324:9780810849358
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1292:0-8014-0687-0
1288:
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1253:
1252:
1248:
1232:on 5 May 2007
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1215:, p. 11.
1214:
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974:
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966:
959:
956:
952:
951:Foulcher 1977
947:
944:
939:
933:
929:
928:
920:
917:
912:
910:9789067181518
906:
902:
901:
893:
891:
887:
884:, p. 83.
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
867:Anderson 1972
863:
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513:Julius Caesar
509:
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482:
478:
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455:Sumpah Pemuda
452:
447:
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444:Sitti Nurbaya
441:
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323:
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317:
314:, then at an
313:
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293:
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284:national hero
281:
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147:
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138:
137:Bahder Djohan
135:
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119:
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108:
105:
100:
97:
94:
88:
85:
82:
76:
73:
70:
66:
60:
55:
52:
47:
43:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3514:Pakubuwono X
3464:Kiras Bangun
3394:Sultan Agung
3298:Ahmad Sanusi
3288:Ahmad Dahlan
3278:Abdul Chalim
3221:Ilyas Yakoub
3200:Silas Papare
3139:Dewi Sartika
3123:Usmar Ismail
3091:
3077:Abdoel Moeis
2962:Independence
2843:Harun Thohir
2777:Wahid Hasyim
2577:Idham Chalid
2542:Tjilik Riwut
2411:Khouw Kim An
2401:Hok Hoei Kan
2314:
2270:Abdul Rasjid
2260:Abdoel Rivai
2219:Dick de Hoog
2187:
2112:M. A. Sjarif
2006:Miyano Shozo
1953:Ide Teitiroo
1937:Wuryaningrat
1932:Wongsonegoro
1922:Wahid Hasyim
1787:P. F. Dahler
1766:
1657:Ahmad Sanusi
1622:Abdul Kaffar
1530:
1526:
1507:
1483:
1479:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1418:
1383:
1379:
1362:
1349:. Retrieved
1344:
1340:
1314:
1304:
1300:
1280:
1256:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:the original
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1105:Inomata 1997
1100:
1088:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1048:
1041:
1014:
1006:the original
1001:
977:. Retrieved
973:the original
968:
958:
946:
926:
919:
899:
789:
782:
772:
756:
753:
725:
721:Wongsonegoro
719:, Yamin and
690:
681:
679:
654:
650:
640:
613:
600:
585:
573:Abdul Rasjid
562:
533:
529:
527:
511:
501:
491:
484:
466:
458:
454:
450:
448:
443:
440:Marah Roesli
437:
426:
402:
379:
369:
366:Jong Sumatra
365:
363:
360:
346:
342:
326:
324:
297:
275:
274:
247:(1962-10-17)
232:West Sumatra
195:Succeeded by
188:Wongsonegoro
162:
148:R.M. Suwandi
144:Succeeded by
111:
91:Succeeded by
58:
25:
18:
3605:1962 deaths
3600:1903 births
3359:Abdul Kadir
3338:Mas Mansoer
3333:Lafran Pane
3245:Development
3173:Integration
3087:Amir Hamzah
3051:Dr. Soetomo
2953:Yos Sudarso
2848:Hasan Basry
2732:Ario Soerjo
2682:Rasuna Said
2537:B.W. Lapian
2512:Andi Djemma
2416:Loa Sek Hie
2229:Jan Jonkman
2196:(1918–1942)
2090:(secretary)
2072:Abdul Abbas
2026: [
2014: [
1997: [
1985: [
1973: [
1961: [
1917:Tan Eng Hoa
1747:Mas Mansoer
1617:Abdul Kadir
1602:Abdul Halim
1351:21 December
1213:Kusuma 2004
969:home.iae.nl
750:Personality
508:Shakespeare
477:Sanusi Pané
429:Bukittinggi
343:Kebangoenan
335:Sanusi Pane
262:Nationality
183:Preceded by
132:Preceded by
79:Preceded by
3594:Categories
3564:Teuku Umar
3439:Hasanuddin
3424:Diponegoro
3318:Fakhruddin
3082:Agus Salim
3039:Resistance
2985:Ahmad Yani
2808:Adisucipto
2757:Tan Malaka
2672:P. M. Noor
2497:Adam Malik
2280:Agus Salim
2265:Abdul Muis
2075:Aminoeddin
2069:A. Sjagoff
1652:Agus Salim
1588:Java BPUPK
1401:1813/53638
1266:0909835381
1249:References
1236:7 December
1189:Kahin 1952
1165:Elson 2009
1153:Elson 2009
1129:Elson 2009
882:Winda 2009
546:A. K. Gani
498:Abdul Muis
357:Literature
300:Sawahlunto
280:Indonesian
265:Indonesian
228:Sawahlunto
221:1903-08-24
3524:Pong Tiku
3519:Pattimura
3374:Andi Depu
3132:Education
2969:Fatmawati
2923:Supriyadi
2898:Noer Alie
2878:Mas Isman
2853:Iswahyudi
2697:Samanhudi
2470:Political
2189:Volksraad
1500:0006-2294
1380:Indonesia
1341:Indonesia
757:Volksraad
659:New Order
636:Pancasila
554:Volksraad
463:Pararaton
370:Tanah Air
308:Indonesia
256:Indonesia
172:President
163:In office
121:President
112:In office
68:President
59:In office
49:14th
3352:Struggle
3271:Religion
3070:Literary
3025:Suprapto
2918:Sudirman
2883:Moestopo
2863:John Lie
2791:Military
2702:Soekarni
2687:Sahardjo
2652:Moewardi
2572:Hazairin
2142:Tjik Wan
2131:Pirngadi
1892:Sudirman
1882:Soewandi
1832:Samsudin
1807:Purubojo
1742:Mas Aris
1439:(1952).
1277:(1972).
979:22 April
713:Subardjo
433:Sumatera
347:Panorama
327:Panorama
153:6th
102:8th
3252:Suharso
3149:Kartini
2933:Syam'un
2727:Soeroso
2722:Soepomo
2707:Sukarno
2632:Masjkur
2340:Soeroso
2192:of the
2106:Ibrahim
2081:Azairin
1902:Sukarno
1872:Soeroso
1857:Soepomo
1837:Sartono
1752:Masjkur
1687:Bintoro
1582:(BPUPK)
1410:3350884
826:), 1951
816:), 1945
709:Soepomo
701:Sukarno
620:Sarawak
604:Sukarno
320:Jakarta
304:Sumatra
252:Jakarta
176:Sukarno
125:Sukarno
72:Sukarno
3046:Alimin
2717:Supeno
1867:Soerjo
1537:
1514:
1498:
1460:
1425:
1408:
1321:
1289:
1263:
934:
907:
630:, and
628:Malaya
516:) and
494:sonnet
479:, and
337:, and
84:Maladi
3625:BPUPK
3214:Press
2099:Hamka
2030:]
2018:]
2001:]
1989:]
1977:]
1965:]
1529:[
1476:(PDF)
1452:[
1406:JSTOR
1376:(PDF)
1337:(PDF)
847:Notes
773:licik
624:Sabah
2078:Amir
1535:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1496:ISSN
1458:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1353:2018
1319:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1238:2006
981:2018
932:ISBN
905:ISBN
592:Java
575:and
548:and
242:Died
215:Born
3106:Art
1488:doi
1484:167
1396:hdl
1388:doi
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590:on
3596::
2028:ja
2016:ja
1999:ja
1987:ja
1975:ja
1963:ja
1494:,
1482:,
1478:,
1404:.
1394:.
1384:23
1382:.
1378:.
1345:88
1343:.
1339:.
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1026:^
1000:.
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1543:.
1520:.
1490::
1466:.
1431:.
1412:.
1398::
1390::
1355:.
1327:.
1295:.
1269:.
1240:.
983:.
940:.
913:.
653:(
510:(
223:)
219:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
