33:
415:
2205:
179:
520:
644:
490:
635:
mixture of other substances or if it may be misleading or meaningless. For example, some sources have assigned a Mohs hardness of 6 or 7 to granite but it is a rock made of several minerals, each with its own Mohs hardness (e.g. topaz-rich granite contains: topaz — Mohs 8, quartz — Mohs 7, orthoclase — Mohs 6, plagioclase — Mohs 6–6.5, mica — Mohs 2–4).
592:
385:
454:
355:
619:
558:
320:
223:
dislocations visible to the naked eye. Frequently, materials that are lower on the Mohs scale can create microscopic, non-elastic dislocations on materials that have a higher Mohs number. While these microscopic dislocations are permanent and sometimes detrimental to the harder material's structural
634:
Below is a table of more materials by Mohs scale. Some of them have a hardness between two of the Mohs scale reference minerals. Some solid substances that are not minerals have been assigned a hardness on the Mohs scale. However, hardness can make it difficult to determine if the substance is a
207:
was the hardest known naturally occurring mineral when the scale was designed, and defines the top of the scale, arbitrarily set at 10. The hardness of a material is measured against the scale by finding the hardest material that the given material can scratch, or the softest material that can
1082:
Despite its lack of precision, the Mohs scale is relevant for field geologists, who use it to roughly identify minerals using scratch kits. The Mohs scale hardness of minerals can be commonly found in reference sheets.
1912:
1707:
2135:
1491:
1848:
1815:
1744:
1750:. Application notes and guides (Report). The Struers metallographic library. Copenhagen, DK: Struers A/S. pp. 5–13. Archived from
1996:
1729:
1564:
727:
64:
1790:
1604:
161:
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is based on the ability of one natural sample of mineral to visibly scratch another mineral.
117:
The method of comparing hardness by observing which minerals can scratch others is of great antiquity, having been mentioned by
2121:
1090:. It allows the assessment of which type of mill and grinding medium will best reduce a given product whose hardness is known.
1711:
2180:
2036:
2027:
665:
1768:
1093:
Electronic manufacturers use the scale for testing the resilience of flat panel display components (such as cover glass for
1629:
1445:
In demselben Jahre (1812) wurde MOHS als
Professor am Joanneum angestellt und veröffentliche den ersten Teil seines Werkes
2128:
708:
680:
661:
2229:
1585:
1461:
In the same year (1812) MOHS was employed as a professor at the
Joanneum and published the first part of his work
687:
654:
1486:
2249:
2244:
2239:
694:
138:
2144:
1094:
2170:
2020:
1550:
1110:
676:
246:(8), but diamond (10) is four times as hard as corundum. The table below shows the comparison with the
1684:
1656:
1974:
220:
72:
2234:
2190:
2175:
1501:
1496:
1463:
Attempt at an elementary method for the natural-historical determination and recognition of fossils
107:
1580:
2155:
1689:
1600:
1526:
1751:
1992:
1844:
1811:
1805:
1560:
247:
191:
111:
224:
integrity, they are not considered "scratches" for the determination of a Mohs scale number.
2185:
1836:
1521:
103:
Versuch einer
Elementar-Methode zur naturhistorischen Bestimmung und Erkennung der Fossilien
79:
47:
1447:
Versuch einer
Elementarmethode zur naturhistorischen Bestimmung und Erkennung der Fossilien
414:
219:
Technically, "scratching" a material for the purposes of the Mohs scale means creating non-
2209:
1680:
1652:
1506:
1087:
153:, but is not an accurate predictor of how well materials endure in an industrial setting.
133:
36:
Mohs hardness kit, containing one specimen of each mineral on the ten-point hardness scale
1864:
1710:. Materials Mechanical Hardness. Non-Destructive Testing Resource Center. Archived from
701:
32:
2165:
1786:
1511:
166:
150:
97:
1913:"Hardness is not toughness: Why your phone's screen may not scratch, but will shatter"
2223:
2160:
2013:
1988:
1889:
1516:
1481:
1272:
1221:
826:
235:
75:
1625:
178:
118:
519:
2005:
1772:
1101:), as well as to evaluate the hardness of touch screens in consumer electronics.
1170:
643:
251:
489:
2078:
1840:
1255:
1204:
1047:
887:
856:
591:
466:
384:
94:
1969:
977:
756:
453:
90:
618:
354:
557:
208:
scratch the given material. For example, if some material is scratched by
17:
2113:
2096:
2066:
1408:
1374:
1306:
1289:
1037:
1027:
997:
907:
796:
570:
397:
239:
213:
2102:
2072:
2060:
1391:
1323:
1153:
1067:
1007:
967:
957:
937:
897:
846:
806:
766:
668: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
604:
427:
367:
319:
209:
204:
162:
83:
227:
Each of the ten hardness values in the Mohs scale is represented by a
177:
2084:
2054:
1831:
Samsonov, G.V., ed. (1968). "Mechanical properties of the elements".
1357:
1340:
1238:
1187:
987:
947:
502:
332:
1793:
from the original on 17 October 2008 – via inlandlapidary.com.
1743:
Geels, Kay (26 April 2000). "The true microstructure of materials".
1725:
86:
through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
2090:
1057:
1017:
917:
877:
836:
532:
243:
31:
254:, with images of the reference minerals in the rightmost column.
149:. The Mohs scale is useful for identification of minerals in the
2048:
1865:"Mohs Hardness Scale: Testing the Resistance to Being Scratched"
1098:
927:
866:
816:
786:
776:
290:
2117:
2009:
1136:
637:
1807:
Applied
Mineralogy: Applications in industry and environment
216:, its hardness on the Mohs scale would be between 4 and 5.
53:
1939:
1833:
1552:
1557:
History of the development of the mineralogical sciences
1449:, in welcher die bekannte Härteskala aufgestellt wurde.
1810:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 373.
1745:
196:
vertical. Diamond (Mohs 10) is 1500 (off scale).
1771:. Amethyst galleries. Mineral gallery. Archived from
65:
56:
1465:, in which the well-known hardness scale was set up.
50:
27:
Qualitative scale characterizing scratch resistance
1559:] (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 250.
188:Mohs scale along the horizontal axis matched with
89:The scale was introduced in 1812 by the German
1775:on 30 December 2006 – via galleries.com.
1730:American Federation of Mineralogical Societies
1544:
1542:
2129:
2021:
8:
1443:
165:are chemically pure solids found in nature.
101:
2136:
2122:
2114:
2028:
2014:
2006:
258:
1892:. Grinding and milling. PowderProcess.net
1835:. New York, NY: IFI-Plenum. p. 432.
1453:
728:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:, most of which are widespread in rocks.
1117:
741:
581:
577:
547:
543:
539:
509:
479:
475:
442:
438:
434:
404:
374:
343:
339:
309:
305:
301:
297:
1695:The methods of testing precious stones.
1538:
1434:
279:
169:are mixtures of one or more minerals.
114:, some of which are more quantitative.
1787:"Mineral hardness and hardness scales"
1492:Hardnesses of the elements (data page)
106:; it is one of several definitions of
1109:Comparison between Mohs hardness and
7:
1970:"The hardness of minerals and rocks"
1668:: Six varieties of it. Two remedies.
666:adding citations to reliable sources
1769:"What is important about hardness?"
25:
1549:von Groth, Paul Heinrich (1926).
2203:
1985:Gem: The definitive visual guide
1946:. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy
1726:"Mohs scale of mineral hardness"
1605:Mineralogical Society of America
642:
617:
590:
556:
518:
488:
452:
413:
383:
353:
318:
46:
653:needs additional citations for
78:, from 1 to 10, characterizing
2037:Mohs scale of mineral hardness
1968:Cordua, William S. (c. 1990).
1:
1890:"Size reduction, comminution"
1685:"Book 37, Chap. 76"
1657:"Book 37, Chap. 15"
1105:Comparison with Vickers scale
143:
126:
1911:Purdy, Kevin (16 May 2014).
1978:– via gemcutters.org.
1086:Mohs hardness is useful in
71:) of mineral hardness is a
2266:
1804:Mukherjee, Swapna (2012).
2199:
2151:
2043:
1841:10.1007/978-1-4684-6066-7
1820:– via Google books.
1487:Geological Strength Index
1919:. IDG Communications Inc
1641:– via Farlang.com.
1601:"Mohs scale of hardness"
242:(9) is twice as hard as
1940:"Welcome to mindat.org"
1586:Encyclopædia Britannica
2145:Mineral identification
1732:– via amfed.org.
1631:Theophrastus on Stones
1444:
272:Chemical formula
182:
102:
37:
1097:or encapsulation for
234:The Mohs scale is an
181:
35:
1714:on 14 February 2014.
662:improve this article
2210:Minerals portal
1983:Raden, Aja (2016).
1789:. Inland Lapidary.
1502:Meyer hardness test
1497:Knoop hardness test
1690:Naturalis Historia
1661:Naturalis Historia
1589:(online ed.).
1527:Superhard material
1129:Hardness (Vickers)
183:
157:Reference minerals
139:Naturalis Historia
80:scratch resistance
38:
2230:Materials science
2217:
2216:
2111:
2110:
1850:978-1-4684-6068-1
1817:978-94-007-1162-4
1424:
1423:
1073:
1072:
1054:9.5–near 10
738:
737:
730:
712:
625:
624:
248:absolute hardness
229:reference mineral
200:
199:
194:scales along the
192:absolute hardness
112:materials science
16:(Redirected from
2257:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2186:Specific gravity
2138:
2131:
2124:
2115:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2007:
2002:
1987:. New York, NY:
1979:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1757:on 7 March 2016.
1756:
1749:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1546:
1522:Scratch hardness
1468:
1454:von Groth (1926)
1451:
1448:
1439:
1126:Hardness (Mohs)
1118:
1111:Vickers hardness
742:
733:
726:
722:
719:
713:
711:
670:
646:
638:
621:
611:
594:
584:
560:
550:
522:
512:
492:
482:
456:
446:
417:
407:
387:
377:
357:
347:
322:
312:
259:
174:
173:
148:
145:
131:
128:
121:in his treatise
105:
68:
63:
62:
59:
58:
55:
52:
21:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2250:1812 in Germany
2245:1812 in science
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2195:
2147:
2142:
2112:
2107:
2039:
2034:
1999:
1982:
1975:Lapidary Digest
1967:
1964:
1962:Further reading
1959:
1949:
1947:
1938:Ralph, Jolyon.
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1681:Pliny the Elder
1679:
1678:
1674:
1653:Pliny the Elder
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1581:"Mohs hardness"
1579:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1507:Pencil hardness
1477:
1472:
1471:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1419:
1402:
1385:
1368:
1351:
1334:
1317:
1300:
1283:
1266:
1249:
1232:
1215:
1198:
1181:
1164:
1147:
1130:
1122:
1107:
1080:
734:
723:
717:
714:
671:
669:
659:
647:
632:
609:
583:
579:
575:
549:
545:
541:
537:
511:
507:
481:
477:
473:
468:
444:
440:
436:
432:
406:
402:
376:
372:
345:
341:
337:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
276:
268:
263:
238:. For example,
195:
189:
159:
146:
134:Pliny the Elder
129:
66:
49:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Hardness tests
2237:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Crystal system
2163:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1980:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1930:
1903:
1881:
1856:
1849:
1823:
1816:
1796:
1778:
1760:
1735:
1717:
1699:
1672:
1644:
1617:
1592:
1572:
1565:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Rockwell scale
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:= 1,875–2,000
1417:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1369:= 1,505–1,520
1366:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1318:= 1,278–1,456
1315:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1106:
1103:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
990:
985:
981:
980:
975:
971:
970:
965:
961:
960:
955:
951:
950:
945:
941:
940:
935:
931:
930:
925:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:
905:
901:
900:
895:
891:
890:
885:
881:
880:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
859:
854:
850:
849:
844:
840:
839:
834:
830:
829:
824:
820:
819:
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
799:
794:
790:
789:
784:
780:
779:
774:
770:
769:
764:
760:
759:
754:
750:
749:
746:
736:
735:
650:
648:
641:
631:
628:
627:
626:
623:
622:
615:
612:
607:
602:
596:
595:
588:
585:
573:
568:
562:
561:
554:
551:
535:
530:
524:
523:
516:
513:
505:
500:
494:
493:
486:
483:
471:
464:
458:
457:
450:
447:
430:
425:
419:
418:
411:
408:
400:
395:
389:
388:
381:
378:
370:
365:
359:
358:
351:
348:
335:
330:
324:
323:
316:
313:
293:
288:
282:
281:
280:Example image
278:
273:
270:
265:
250:measured by a
202:
201:
198:
197:
185:
184:
158:
155:
132:, followed by
100:, in his book
98:Friedrich Mohs
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2262:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Crystal habit
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2000:
1998:9781465453563
1994:
1990:
1989:DK Publishing
1986:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1918:
1917:Computerworld
1914:
1907:
1904:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1566:9783662409107
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Rosiwal scale
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:Brinell scale
1480:
1479:
1474:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1428:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Heazlewoodite
1271:
1270:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
939:
936:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
879:
875:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
858:
855:
852:
851:
848:
845:
842:
841:
838:
835:
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
811:
808:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
781:
778:
775:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
732:
729:
721:
718:November 2022
710:
707:
703:
700:
696:
693:
689:
686:
682:
679: –
678:
674:
673:Find sources:
667:
663:
657:
656:
651:This section
649:
645:
640:
639:
636:
629:
620:
616:
613:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
593:
589:
586:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
555:
552:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
521:
517:
514:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
491:
487:
484:
472:
470:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
451:
448:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
416:
412:
409:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
386:
382:
379:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
356:
352:
349:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
321:
317:
314:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
274:
271:
266:
261:
260:
257:
256:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:ordinal scale
232:
230:
225:
222:
217:
215:
211:
206:
193:
187:
186:
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:
170:
168:
164:
156:
154:
152:
141:
140:
135:
130: 300 BC
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
104:
99:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
76:ordinal scale
74:
70:
69:
61:
43:
34:
30:
19:
2201:
1984:
1973:
1948:. Retrieved
1943:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1916:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1859:
1832:
1826:
1806:
1799:
1781:
1773:the original
1763:
1752:the original
1738:
1720:
1712:the original
1702:
1694:
1688:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1630:
1626:Theophrastus
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1595:
1584:
1575:
1556:
1551:
1462:
1437:
1386:= 858–1,288
1108:
1092:
1085:
1081:
724:
715:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:"Mohs scale"
672:
660:Please help
655:verification
652:
633:
599:
565:
527:
497:
461:
422:
392:
362:
327:
285:
233:
228:
226:
218:
203:
160:
147: AD 77
137:
122:
119:Theophrastus
116:
95:mineralogist
88:
41:
39:
29:
1869:geology.com
1637:10 December
1610:10 February
252:sclerometer
212:but not by
190:one of the
73:qualitative
2235:Mineralogy
2224:Categories
2181:Mohs scale
2079:Orthoclase
1944:mindat.org
1896:27 October
1708:"Hardness"
1534:References
1352:= 894–974
1335:= 616–698
1284:= 230–254
1267:= 208–224
1256:Sphalerite
1205:Chalcocite
1048:Moissanite
888:Colemanite
857:Sphalerite
748:Substance
688:newspapers
467:Orthoclase
42:Mohs scale
18:Mohs Scale
1429:Footnotes
1250:= 79–104
978:Porcelain
876:Ordinary
757:Potassium
745:Hardness
445:(OH,Cl,F)
342:· 2H
277:hardness
267:Reference
264:hardness
123:On Stones
91:geologist
2171:Fracture
2156:Cleavage
2097:Corundum
2067:Fluorite
1950:16 April
1923:16 April
1874:9 August
1791:Archived
1475:See also
1409:Chromium
1403:= 1,310
1375:Bowieite
1307:Chromite
1290:Goethite
1233:= 77–99
1216:= 84–87
1199:= 61–65
1182:= 30–34
1165:= 16–18
1131:(kg/mm)
1038:Sapphire
1028:Chromium
998:Tungsten
908:Goethite
797:Hardwood
763:0.5–0.6
753:0.2–0.4
630:Examples
571:Corundum
469:feldspar
398:Fluorite
275:Absolute
269:mineral
240:corundum
214:fluorite
163:Minerals
108:hardness
84:minerals
2103:Diamond
2073:Apatite
2061:Calcite
1392:Euclase
1324:Anatase
1154:Bismuth
1121:Mineral
1088:milling
1068:Diamond
1008:Emerald
968:Jadeite
958:Silicon
938:Rhodium
898:Apatite
847:Adamite
807:Plastic
767:Lithium
702:scholar
605:Diamond
474:K Al Si
428:Apatite
368:Calcite
221:elastic
210:apatite
205:Diamond
136:in his
2191:Streak
2176:Lustre
2085:Quartz
2055:Gypsum
1995:
1847:
1814:
1666:Adamas
1563:
1458:
1358:Pyrite
1341:Rutile
1301:= 667
1239:Galena
1222:Copper
1188:Silver
1148:= 7–9
1044:9–9.5
1004:7.5–8
988:Garnet
984:7-7.5
964:6.5–7
948:Rutile
944:6-6.5
924:5.5–6
904:5-5.5
873:4–4.5
853:3.5-4
827:Copper
823:2.5–3
803:2–2.5
704:
697:
690:
683:
675:
546:(OH,F)
503:Quartz
333:Gypsum
2091:Topaz
1755:(PDF)
1748:(PDF)
1555:[
1362:6–6.5
1345:6–6.5
1328:5.5–6
1294:5–5.5
1260:3.5–4
1226:2.5–3
1209:2.5–3
1158:2–2.5
1123:name
1099:OLEDs
1058:Boron
1018:Topaz
918:Glass
878:steel
837:Brass
709:JSTOR
695:books
614:1500
533:Topaz
373:Ca CO
338:Ca SO
244:topaz
167:Rocks
151:field
2049:Talc
1993:ISBN
1952:2017
1925:2021
1898:2017
1876:2021
1845:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1639:2011
1612:2021
1561:ISBN
1171:Gold
1095:LCDs
1024:8.5
994:7.5
954:6.5
928:Opal
914:5.5
884:4.5
867:Iron
843:3.5
817:Zinc
813:2.5
787:Lead
783:1.5
777:Talc
681:news
587:400
553:200
515:100
403:Ca F
308:(OH)
291:Talc
262:Mohs
93:and
67:MOHZ
40:The
2101:10
1837:doi
1418:100
1416:VHN
1413:8.5
1401:100
1399:VHN
1396:7.5
1384:100
1382:VHN
1367:100
1365:VHN
1350:100
1348:VHN
1333:100
1331:VHN
1316:100
1314:VHN
1311:5.5
1299:100
1297:VHN
1282:100
1280:VHN
1265:100
1263:VHN
1248:100
1246:VHN
1243:2.5
1231:100
1229:VHN
1214:100
1212:VHN
1197:100
1195:VHN
1192:2.5
1178:VHN
1175:2.5
1163:100
1161:VHN
1144:VHN
1141:1.5
1137:Tin
1078:Use
1064:10
664:by
542:SiO
508:SiO
485:72
449:48
437:(PO
410:21
380:14
110:in
82:of
2226::
2095:9
2089:8
2083:7
2077:6
2071:5
2065:4
2059:3
2053:2
2047:1
1991:.
1972:.
1942:.
1915:.
1867:.
1843:.
1728:.
1693:.
1687:.
1683:.
1663:.
1659:.
1655:.
1628:.
1603:.
1583:.
1541:^
1452:—
1180:10
1146:10
1113::
1034:9
1014:8
974:7
934:6
894:5
863:4
833:3
793:2
773:1
600:10
576:Al
538:Al
433:Ca
350:2
315:1
306:10
300:Si
296:Mg
144:c.
142:,
127:c.
125:,
54:oʊ
2137:e
2130:t
2123:v
2029:e
2022:t
2015:v
2001:.
1954:.
1927:.
1900:.
1878:.
1853:.
1839::
1614:.
1569:.
1379:7
1277:4
731:)
725:(
720:)
716:(
706:·
699:·
692:·
685:·
658:.
610:C
582:3
580:O
578:2
566:9
548:2
544:4
540:2
528:8
510:2
498:7
480:8
478:O
476:3
462:6
443:3
441:)
439:4
435:5
423:5
405:2
393:4
375:3
363:3
346:O
344:2
340:4
328:2
310:2
304:O
302:4
298:3
286:1
60:/
57:z
51:m
48:/
44:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
