2628:
56:
86:
116:
769:, located near Molteno, has the lowest recorded temperature in South Africa, of −20.1 °C (−4 °F), on 23 August 2013. The former national record, of −18.6 °C (−1 °F), was also registered in the same locality, on 28 June 1996. Likewise, with an average yearly temperature of 11.3 °C and an average annual minimum temperature of 2.8 °C, Buffelsfontein is the coldest reporting station in South Africa.
42:
607:
549:. In 1887, the newly founded Molteno Chamber of Commerce was influential in urging the Cape Government to extend its railway system northwards into the Boer republics, so as to open up new markets. By 1897, production of coal in the region had risen to over 70,000 tons. However, by the 1920s the expansion of the railways made access to coal fields in
123:
93:
63:
589:
The following years saw other community activists of the town lose their lives in the struggle. After the fall of
Apartheid, the town erected a monument in what was named "Heroes Park" in the town centre. The monument honours the local Molteno "comrades in blood" who "... shall forever be remembered
593:
Since liberation in 1993, the town has begun the task of reuniting its communities and reversing the damage it has sustained from decades of segregation and oppression. Within the greater
District Municipality, it now lies on the North-South Corridor (Corridor 4), which links Molteno to Queenstown -
690:
Molteno and its surrounding region in the heart of the
Eastern Cape played a significant role in the struggle against Apartheid. Because of this, the town boasts several monuments to local activists who fought or gave their lives in the struggle, such as the Molteno Heroes Park monument in the town
519:
in 1859, and this created an economic incentive for development. The local people also stated a need for a settlement, to serve as a central hub for the surrounding rural area. The town was founded in 1874 by George Vice, and laid out the next year. The town was the setting of South Africa's first
633:
of exceptional quality, and there were originally plans to build the whole town from this beautiful rock, as a "Sandstone City". Nonetheless, several of the oldest buildings in the town are still made from local stone, fashioned by
Italian artisans. The Old Mill is one example, built in 1874 and
585:
Resistance came to a head on 12 August 1985, when local residents and students confronted the
Apartheid police in the area around the town's Ethiopian Church. In the resulting battle, three local Molteno activists were shot and killed (R. Mbango, S. Loliwe, N. Smile). The town commemorates the
581:
In the 20th century, growing oppression by the
Apartheid government was met by resistance that manifested in the town as protests and battles between Molteno residents and police. When the Group Areas Act was enforced across South Africa in the 1960s, the mixed neighbourhoods in Molteno were
667:
There is a lot of
Bushman rock art in the surrounding mountain ranges. The area around the town offers ample opportunity to view rock paintings, fossils and Stone Age tools uncovered in caves and diggings close to Molteno. There are also three extinct volcanoes in the vicinity.
528:
and fought against
British imperial expansion in southern Africa. Several of the town's streets are similarly named after the members of the Cape's first locally-elected cabinet. Water was first drawn from the nearby Stormberg river, and later also from the Jubilee Dam.
582:
destroyed and the entire town was divided. Some mixed neighbourhoods such as
Esigingqini had their residents evicted, others such as Nomonde were delimited by enforced segregation. As a result, the overall town suffered a severe economic and social decline.
520:
coal mine. Its name has connections both locally to the people of the
Eastern Cape (Molteno is a name among the Xhosa speaking people of the district), but it also has Italian roots. At its founding, the town was officially named after an immigrant
2854:
2547:
661:, and a display of pioneering historical photography from the region, the "Lomax Collection". Also of historical interest are the blockhouses that are located in the area, dating from the
2070:
Illustrated official handbook of the Cape and South Africa; a résumé of the history, conditions, populations, productions and resources of the several colonies, states, and territories
2627:
545:. It was granted municipal status in 1883, and by 1892 around 6000 tons of coal were being extracted at Molteno. Much of this coal went to supplying the Cape's rapidly growing
792:
2864:
629:, a monument to local Molteno activists in the liberation struggle and a historic library built from local stone. The surrounding mountains are largely composed of
2540:
641:
The Molteno Museum is located in the stone library building and aims to portray the history of the town and its surrounds. It contains a range of artifacts, from
2859:
2509:
638:(Magistrate's office). Molteno is also home to the Stormberg biltong factory. The R47-million factory is the town's largest employer employing 250 residents.
614:
Although hot and arid in summer, in winter Molteno is the coldest town in South Africa, being located near the highest point in the Cape in the heart of the
2757:
687:
after whom the town is named, but the railway only reached the town in 1884 and the section further north to Aliwal North was opened on 2 September 1885.
498:, Molteno has recorded South Africa's coldest temperatures at the famous Buffelsfontein weather station and it is close to the country's only ski resort.
2167:
148:
55:
2533:
2234:
671:
The town has one of the oldest railway stations in South Africa - now officially reopened after being closed for repairs. The station lies on the
2155:
1801:
216:
397:
85:
2315:
2432:
618:. Because of its extreme temperatures, it offers snow in the colder months and the town is not far from the country's only ski resort,
2786:
2375:
2356:
2470:
2303:
2007:
422:
2525:
2639:
2582:
2557:
747:
221:
209:
691:
centre, and the Nomonde graves, among others. Molteno also forms part of the Calata Heritage Route for the liberation struggle.
502:
has the coldest average temperature throughout the year, whereas Molteno records the lowest temperatures in the winter months.
2027:
2814:
276:
1763:
524:, who had been born in London into a large Anglo-Italian family. Molteno became the first locally-elected leader of the
115:
2207:
1728:
773:
389:
1916:
University of Cape Town, Manuscripts and Archives Department. BC330: Murray Collection, BC44-45: Sinclair Collection.
2728:
2612:
2333:
1727:, the youngest in the Karoo System, is named after the town). These coal fields are being explored for possible
676:
499:
204:
192:
2799:
2718:
2708:
2682:
2572:
762:). The average annual precipitation is 401 mm (16 in), with rainfall occurring mainly during summer.
672:
546:
542:
2171:
2765:
2255:
2406:
2105:
2065:
1955:
622:. There are 4X4 trails in the mountains and the nearby Molteno Dam offers water-skiing and trout-fishing.
2132:
2794:
2741:
619:
595:
362:
1813:
1793:
1257:
2040:
2827:
2713:
2607:
298:
2319:
1781:
766:
1854:
1849:
615:
570:
516:
495:
313:
302:
2822:
2688:
2002:, Munisipaliteit Molteno, South Africa, Chapter 4, Stigting van die Dorp (Founding of the town),
554:
2436:
2483:"Francois Gouws - South African Artist | Arcy Art Original Oil Paintings Artist Directory"
2195:
2466:
2299:
2023:
2003:
1995:
1976:
1859:
1832:
1787:
1724:
755:
657:
relics including a large collection of vintage guns. It also houses local war relics from the
2440:
1738:
preserve a record of gradual desertification over millions of years, starting from the Upper
573:, as it was the closest railway station. The area also saw extensive Boer guerilla activity.
2647:
1775:
626:
439:
2379:
2372:
2360:
2353:
1735:
1716:
739:
723:
704:
566:
410:
777:
708:
662:
550:
479:
471:
340:
331:
41:
28:
2848:
2281:
1769:
2561:
2496:
1844:
1720:
716:
712:
684:
680:
650:
521:
488:
484:
197:
185:
606:
1886:
2693:
2211:
1938:
700:
654:
525:
703:, known for its vast panoramic views. It is also located almost exactly on the
2775:
2736:
2703:
1807:
163:
150:
2833:
2698:
2667:
2652:
2596:
1723:
where some of the only workable coal seams in the Cape are to be found (the
772:
The (now defunct) administrative area to which Molteno belonged for a time,
642:
630:
380:
351:
287:
2391:
2066:"VIII - The Cape Government, Institutions, Roads, Railways and Industries"
1268:
541:
to the region, with a large portion going to supply the diamond fields in
2482:
1747:
1743:
1739:
658:
2804:
2657:
2590:
2465:
South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). Pretoria. 2008.
1827:
1751:
646:
569:, Molteno was used as a mustering point for troops prior to the famous
180:
800:
782:
2746:
2662:
2354:
Details of the temperature, rainfall and wind extremes recorded in SA
385:
2316:"Die Burger 21 Julie 2001 Bladsy 3: Kom ry in Molteno se paadjies …"
2168:"Attractions & activities in Molteno on the Karoo Calata Route"
2770:
2677:
2617:
2601:
2110:
The Economic Development of the British Overseas Empire Volume III
727:
605:
557:
possible, resulting in the decline of coal mining around Molteno.
1742:
when the area was a warm swampland, and continuing into the late
765:
Molteno is one of the coldest towns in South Africa; the farm of
751:
538:
2529:
2407:"XV. Coal fields of Africa, India, Australia and South America"
537:
Soon after its founding, the town became the major supplier of
1797:
750:), with warm summers and chilly, dry winters, with occasional
457:
2463:
Molteno Ferns: late Triassic biodiversity in southern Africa.
586:
activists and the 12 August date annually, as "Molteno Day".
2626:
2235:"Foodcorp invests R47mn in E Cape upgrade, retains 250 jobs"
2196:
https://www.localgovernment.co.za/featured/chris_hani_dm.pdf
2256:"Ouma keeps historic town alive | the Heritage Portal"
463:
1956:"History of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of South Africa"
445:
2112:. London: George Routledge And Sons, Limited. p. 214
2855:
Populated places in the Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality
2191:
2189:
2363:
South African weather service. Retrieved on 2010-06-22]
683:. This line was actually planned and begun by the same
590:
by the people of Molteno and South Africa as a whole".
1981:
Portret van 'n Suid-Afrikaanse Dorp. Molteno 1894-1909
460:
2156:
CH District Municipality - Liberation Heritage Route
1907:. University of Western Cape. Cape Town. 1978. p.30.
454:
448:
2813:
2785:
2756:
2727:
2638:
2581:
451:
442:
421:
409:
396:
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349:
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311:
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274:
269:
261:
253:
248:
240:
232:
227:
215:
203:
191:
179:
23:
2497:"Ben Baartman | South African History Online"
2334:"New minimum temperature record for South Africa"
1905:The Origin of Towns in the Eastern Cape Midlands
515:Coal fields were discovered in this part of the
2433:"Background Information and Project Motivation"
2022:. Lowry Publishers. Johannesburg. 1987. p.314.
1746:when the region had become a desert. Extensive
2541:
634:restored in 1991, as is the local Church and
8:
2392:"South African Languages | Place names"
1991:
1989:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
699:Molteno is surrounded by mountains and high
2548:
2534:
2526:
2020:Dictionary of Southern African Place Names
20:
2271:. 1970. Pretoria: Nasou Ltd. Vol 7, p 497
2104:Knowles, L. C. A; Knowles, C. M (1936).
2094:The Cape Town Chamber of Commerce. 1955.
1692:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
1243:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
2631:Chris Hani District within South Africa
1983:, Bamboesberg Publishers, South Africa.
1871:
408:
395:
378:
329:
268:
247:
239:
226:
178:
143:
47:
38:
2865:1874 establishments in the Cape Colony
2413:. London: E. Arnold. pp. 282, 283
2269:Standard Encyclopaedia of South Africa
2000:Die Geskiedenis van Molteno; 1874-1974
2045:. London: Methuen & co. p. 6
478:
420:
370:
359:
348:
337:
321:
310:
295:
284:
273:
260:
252:
231:
214:
202:
190:
7:
2860:Populated places established in 1874
2208:"Routes Travel Info Portal: Molteno"
1778:, South African athlete and surgeon.
236:11.50 km (4.44 sq mi)
2411:The geology of coal and coal-mining
707:between the catchment areas of the
665:, and the Stormberg Battlefields.
18:Place in Eastern Cape, South Africa
2556:Municipalities and communities of
1764:Sibusiso Mtyiwazo Aka Kumkani Sibu
14:
2298:Cape Town: Human & Rousseau,
2072:. J.C. Juta & Co. p. 224
1790:, prominent South African artist.
1784:, prominent South African artist.
2558:Chris Hani District Municipality
2042:The Boer states; land and people
438:
121:
114:
91:
84:
61:
54:
40:
1835:are both named after the town.
122:
92:
62:
1700:Precipitation totals in inches
1:
2373:South African Weather Service
1958:. E. Stock. 1906. p. 145
1754:can be found in these rocks.
748:Köppen climate classification
2092:Men of Good Hope. 1804-1954.
1945:, retrieved 23 November 2009
1927:Molteno, memorie di famiglia
776:, literally means "cold" in
740:subtropical highland climate
594:the proposed location for a
244:1,590 m (5,220 ft)
2296:Early Railways at the Cape.
2134:The History of the Boer War
1772:, chemist and photographer.
1729:coal bed methane extraction
265:1,000/km (2,600/sq mi)
2881:
1715:Molteno is located on the
1696:
1688:
1271:
1255:
1251:Precipitation totals in mm
1247:
1239:
730:predominates in the area.
2624:
2568:
1929:. Italy: N.p.Lecco. 1978.
144:
48:
39:
1816:, founder of Ouma Rusks.
726:-rich vegetation of the
105:Show map of South Africa
75:Show map of Eastern Cape
2405:Gibson, Walcot (1908).
2131:Foster, H.E.C. (1901).
2632:
2137:. Methuen. p. 257
715:to the north) and the
611:
475:
32:
2630:
2378:7 August 2011 at the
2359:7 August 2011 at the
728:Great Karoo ecoregion
625:The town has several
609:
596:Special Economic Zone
164:31.39611°S 26.36306°E
2294:Jose Burman (1984).
2233:Esterhuizen, Idéle.
2064:Noble, John (1893).
2039:Keane, A.H. (1900).
1887:"Main Place Molteno"
1825:The butterfly genus
1810:, Springbok Athlete.
1766:, Stand Up Comedian.
577:The Molteno struggle
480:[emolˈtɛːno]
270:Racial makeup (2011)
262: • Density
2443:on 4 September 2011
2214:on 8 September 2013
1855:Stormberg Mountains
1850:Battle of Stormberg
1800:regional chair and
1272:Imperial conversion
746:, according to the
616:Stormberg Mountains
571:Battle of Stormberg
517:Stormberg Mountains
496:Stormberg Mountains
483:) is a town in the
169:-31.39611; 26.36306
160: /
2633:
2461:Anderson Heidi M:
754:. It borders on a
612:
602:Places of interest
372: • Other
323: • Other
254: • Total
233: • Total
135:Show map of Africa
2842:
2841:
2593: (Bholothwa)
1996:Johannes Meintjes
1977:Johannes Meintjes
1860:Molteno Formation
1833:Molteno Formation
1814:Ouma Greyvwnsteyn
1794:Kopi Ben Baartman
1788:Johannes Meintjes
1725:Molteno Formation
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1263:
1262:
756:semi-arid climate
627:botanical gardens
610:Molteno NG Church
431:
430:
2872:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2527:
2515:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2439:. Archived from
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2382:
2370:
2364:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2318:. Archived from
2312:
2306:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2245:
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2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2210:. Archived from
2204:
2198:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2174:on 29 March 2017
2170:. Archived from
2164:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2036:
2030:
2016:
2010:
1993:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1776:Ferdie le Grange
1758:Famous residents
1717:Stormberg Series
1699:
1691:
1682:
1677:
1666:
1651:
1646:
1635:
1620:
1615:
1604:
1589:
1584:
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1511:
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1228:
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1202:
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1093:
1078:
1073:
1062:
1047:
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985:
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938:
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783:
482:
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175:
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136:
125:
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118:
106:
95:
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64:
58:
44:
21:
2880:
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2845:
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2843:
2838:
2809:
2787:Inxuba Yethemba
2781:
2752:
2723:
2634:
2622:
2577:
2570:District seat:
2564:
2554:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2508:
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2380:Wayback Machine
2371:
2367:
2361:Wayback Machine
2352:
2348:
2338:
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2332:
2331:
2327:
2322:on 1 July 2012.
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2154:
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2138:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2090:R.F. Immelman:
2089:
2085:
2075:
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2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2017:
2013:
1994:
1987:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1937:
1933:
1925:Carlo Marvora:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1873:
1868:
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1823:
1760:
1750:footprints and
1713:
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1187:
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1128:
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1120:
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1111:
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1100:
1097:
1094:
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1080:
1079:
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1074:
1071:
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277:Black African
275: •
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222:Enoch Mgijima
220:
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145:Coordinates:
117:
87:
57:
43:
34:
30:
22:
16:
2672:
2571:
2562:Eastern Cape
2510:
2505:
2491:
2477:
2462:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:the original
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2410:
2400:
2386:
2368:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2328:
2320:the original
2310:
2295:
2290:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2212:the original
2202:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:the original
2162:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2133:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2109:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2069:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2041:
2034:
2019:
2018:P.E. Raper:
2014:
1999:
1980:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1950:
1943:routes.co.za
1942:
1934:
1926:
1921:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1845:Eastern Cape
1826:
1824:
1733:
1721:Karoo System
1714:
771:
764:
759:
743:
737:
721:
717:Indian Ocean
713:Orange River
701:Karoo plains
698:
689:
685:John Molteno
681:Johannesburg
679:, inland to
670:
640:
635:
624:
613:
592:
588:
584:
580:
564:
536:
522:John Molteno
514:
494:High in the
493:
489:South Africa
487:province of
485:Eastern Cape
433:
432:
217:Municipality
198:Eastern Cape
186:South Africa
15:
2694:Sterkstroom
2447:23 November
2417:24 December
2218:23 November
2141:24 November
2116:24 November
2076:24 November
2049:24 November
1962:23 November
1891:Census 2011
1258:SA Explorer
793:explanation
677:East London
655:Voortrekker
565:During the
533:Coal mining
398:Postal code
167: /
2849:Categories
2815:Sakhisizwe
2800:Middelburg
2776:Lady Frere
2758:Emalahleni
2737:Clarkebury
2719:Whittlesea
2704:Tentergate
2683:Queenstown
2573:Queenstown
2437:Badimo Gas
2028:0947042067
1866:References
1808:LJ van Zyl
711:(e.g. the
620:Tiffindell
500:Sutherland
249:Population
210:Chris Hani
155:26°21′47″E
152:31°23′46″S
2834:Mbewuleni
2766:Dordrecht
2709:Thornhill
2699:Tarkastad
2668:Lesseyton
2653:Ezibeleni
2613:St Mark’s
2597:Cofimvaba
2282:"Molteno"
1804:activist.
752:snowfalls
724:succulent
705:watershed
695:Geography
673:main line
645:tools to
643:Stone-Age
636:"Drostdy"
631:sandstone
555:Transvaal
543:Kimberley
423:Area code
381:Time zone
352:Afrikaans
241:Elevation
2576:(Komani)
2513:at funet
2376:Archived
2357:Archived
2178:28 March
1998:(1974).
1839:See also
1831:and the
1748:Dinosaur
1744:Jurassic
1740:Triassic
1256:Source:
786:Molteno
774:Inkwanca
663:Boer War
659:Boer War
561:Boer War
553:and the
511:Founding
476:eMolteno
400:(street)
288:Coloured
205:District
193:Province
33:eMolteno
2805:Rosmead
2795:Cradock
2747:Engcobo
2742:Coghlan
2729:Engcobo
2673:Molteno
2658:Hofmeyr
2591:Bolotwa
2511:Moltena
2339:12 June
2240:30 July
1979:(1964)
1939:Molteno
1828:Moltena
1752:fossils
1719:of the
1711:Geology
734:Climate
647:Khoisan
598:(SEZ).
506:History
434:Molteno
363:English
181:Country
129:Molteno
99:Molteno
69:Molteno
25:Molteno
2828:Elliot
2714:Tylden
2663:Imvani
2608:Qamata
2469:
2302:
2026:
2006:
1821:Trivia
1672:
1669:
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1641:
1638:
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1596:
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975:
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944:
941:
933:
930:
913:
910:
902:
899:
882:
879:
871:
868:
411:PO box
334:(2011)
299:Indian
257:11,553
2771:Indwe
2678:Mpofu
2618:Tsomo
2602:Ncora
1802:SACTU
1736:rocks
778:Xhosa
675:from
651:Xhosa
551:Natal
472:Xhosa
386:UTC+2
345:89.3%
341:Xhosa
314:White
303:Asian
281:92.1%
29:Xhosa
2823:Cala
2689:Sada
2467:ISBN
2449:2009
2419:2009
2341:2014
2300:ISBN
2242:2016
2220:2009
2180:2017
2143:2009
2118:2009
2078:2009
2051:2009
2024:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1964:2009
1734:The
653:and
539:coal
526:Cape
416:5500
404:5500
390:SAST
375:2.0%
367:2.3%
356:6.5%
326:0.5%
318:2.7%
307:0.1%
292:4.7%
228:Area
1798:ANC
1665:1.9
1634:1.7
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