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490:
325:
1932:
80:
96:
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70:
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57:
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1731:. It's important to note that though pure and distilled water will have a greater specific heat capacity than any mixture of antifreeze and water, commercial antifreezes also typically contain an anti-corrosive additive to prevent pure water from corroding coolant passages in the engine block, cylinder head(s), water pump and radiator.
1320:. This ring is then hydrolyzed with a base catalyst in a second step to produce mono-ethylene glycol in 98% selectivity. The carbon dioxide is released in this step again and can be fed back into the process circuit. The carbon dioxide comes in part from ethylene oxide production, where a part of the ethylene is completely
1771:
940:
1884:
and also in some inks and dyes. Ethylene glycol has seen some use as a rot and fungal treatment for wood, both as a preventative and a treatment after the fact. It has been used in a few cases to treat partially rotted wooden objects to be displayed in museums. It is one of only a few treatments that
1851:
are formed. The purity of glycol used for hydrate suppression (monoethylene glycol) is typically around 80%, whereas the purity of glycol used for dehydration (triethylene glycol) is typically 95 to more than 99%. Moreover, the injection rate for hydrate suppression is much lower than the circulation
1734:
There is a difference in the mixing ratio, depending on whether it is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. For ethylene glycol, the mixing ratios are typically 30/70 and 35/65, whereas the propylene glycol mixing ratios are typically 35/65 and 40/60. It is important that the mixture be frost-proof at
1516:
about one half that of water. So, while providing freeze protection and an increased boiling point, ethylene glycol lowers the specific heat capacity of water mixtures relative to pure water. A 1:1 mix by mass has a specific heat capacity of about 3140 J/(kg·°C) (0.75 BTU/(lb·°F)), three quarters
1757:
The use of ethylene glycol not only depresses the freezing point of aqueous mixtures, but also elevates their boiling point. This results in the operating temperature range for heat-transfer fluids being broadened on both ends of the temperature scale. The increase in boiling temperature is due to
1520:
The mixture of ethylene glycol with water provides additional benefits to coolant and antifreeze solutions, such as preventing corrosion and acid degradation, as well as inhibiting the growth of most microbes and fungi. Mixtures of ethylene glycol and water are sometimes informally referred to in
1463:
manufacturers. In 1937, Carbide started up the first plant based on Lefort's process for vapor-phase oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. Carbide maintained a monopoly on the direct oxidation process until 1953 when the
Scientific Design process was commercialized and offered for licensing.
2456:
2108:
Pure propylene glycol does not taste bitter, and pure propylene glycol is often used as a food additive, for instance in cake icing and shelf-stable whipped cream. Industrial-grade propylene glycol usually has a slightly bitter or acrid taste due to impurities. See the article on
1839:(hydrates) in long multiphase pipelines that convey natural gas from remote gas fields to a gas processing facility. Ethylene glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.
1718:
Pure ethylene glycol freezes at about −12 °C (10.4 °F) but, when mixed with water, the mixture freezes at a lower temperature. For example, a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol and 40% water freezes at −45 °C (−49 °F).
1284:
under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved. The major byproducts are the oligomers
2275:
849:
816:
1065:
2084:. It breaks down in air in about 10 days and in water or soil in a few weeks. It enters the environment through the dispersal of ethylene glycol-containing products, especially at airports, where it is used in
1846:
gases. Dry gas exits from the top of the tower. The glycol and water are separated, and the glycol recycled. Instead of removing water, ethylene glycol can also be used to depress the temperature at which
1885:
are successful in dealing with rot in wooden boats, and is relatively cheap. Ethylene glycol may also be one of the minor ingredients in screen cleaning solutions, along with the main ingredient
3076:
6022:
1369:
with a capacity of 250 000 tons per year was scheduled for 2012. As of 2015, four plants in China with a capacity of 200 000 t/a each were operating with at least 17 more to follow.
3289:
2840:
J. H. Babler; N. C. Malek; M. J. Coghlan (1978). "Selective hydrolysis of α,β- and β,γ-unsaturated ketals: method for deconjugation of β,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated ketones".
2218:
1361:
Because the methanol is recycled, only carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and oxygen are consumed. One plant with a production capacity of 200 000 tons of ethylene glycol per year is in
1010:
5353:
2436:
2025:) to antifreeze. In December 2012, US antifreeze manufacturers agreed voluntarily to add a bitter flavoring to all antifreeze that is sold in the consumer market of the US.
2088:
agents for runways and airplanes. While prolonged low doses of ethylene glycol show no toxicity, at near lethal doses (≥ 1000 mg/kg per day) ethylene glycol acts as a
1154:
2746:
2162:
2393:
Scott D. Barnicki "Synthetic
Organic Chemicals" in Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology edited by James A. Kent, New York : Springer, 2012. 12th ed.
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6882:
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Natural gas is dehydrated by ethylene glycol. In this application, ethylene glycol flows down from the top of a tower and meets a rising mixture of water vapor and
2113:
for more information. The relative sweetness of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol is discussed in the Merck Index, and neither compound is described as bitter.
950:
2014:
in place of ethylene glycol are available. They are generally considered safer to use, as propylene glycol is not as palatable and is converted in the body to
539:
2480:
Highly-Dispersed Copper-Based
Catalysts from Cu–Zn–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Precursor for Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate to Ethylene Glycol
2412:
2007:, then the heart, and finally the kidneys. Ingestion of sufficient amounts is fatal if untreated. Several deaths are recorded annually in the U.S. alone.
6008:
670:
Soluble in alcohols, ethyl acetate, THF, and dioxane. Miscible with DCM and slightly miscible with diethyl ether. Not miscible with toluene or hexanes.
5346:
1727:
of solutions but, in highly concentrated mixtures such as the example, deviations from ideal solution behavior are expected due to the influence of
2901:
Laine, Richard M.; Blohowiak, Kay
Youngdahl; Robinson, Timothy R.; Hoppe, Martin L.; Nardi, Paola; Kampf, Jeffrey; Uhm, Jackie (17 October 1991).
1819:
Ethylene glycol is used in the natural gas industry to remove water vapor from natural gas before further processing, in much the same manner as
964:
1876:, and inside the lens devices of cathode-ray tube type of rear projection televisions. Ethylene glycol is also used in the manufacture of some
3080:
5921:
3102:
2885:
2824:
2398:
2186:
761:
2651:
2614:, parce qu'il se rapproche à la fois, par ses propriétés, de l'alcool proprement dit et de la glycérin, entre lesquels il se trouve placé."
79:
5339:
2500:
2092:. "Based on a rather extensive database, it induces skeletal variations and malformations in rats and mice by all routes of exposure."
7394:
5860:
3265:
2763:
957:
5268:
7527:
7294:
5068:
2714:
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2525:
504:
2994:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Emergency Response Database. August 22, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
3160:
69:
2541:
Tournier, Vincent; Duquesne, Sophie; Guillamot, Frédérique; Cramail, Henri; Taton, Daniel; Marty, Alain; André, Isabelle (2023).
2081:
7419:
5297:
2966:
1452:
1331:
in countries with large coal reserves and less stringent environmental regulations. The oxidative carbonylation of methanol to
899:
5538:
2620:
because, by its properties, it is simultaneously close to alcohol properly called and glycerin, between which it is placed.)
793:
95:
1297:. The separation of these oligomers and water is energy-intensive. World production of ethylene glycol was ~20 Mt in 2010.
2515:
7344:
5835:
5163:
4257:
4200:
7379:
2343:
Yue, Hairong; Zhao, Yujun; Ma, Xinbin; Gong, Jinlong (2012). "Ethylene glycol: properties, synthesis, and applications".
56:
7532:
7522:
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1981:
881:
437:
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840:
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3435:
1901:. It is also used as part of the water-based hydraulic fluid used to control subsea oil and gas production equipment.
1864:
Minor uses of ethylene glycol include the manufacture of capacitors, as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of
1123:
468:
3215:
Hairong Yue; Yujun Zhao; Xinbin Ma; Jinlong Gong (2012). "Ethylene glycol: properties, synthesis, and applications".
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5292:
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2454:, S. Tahara et al., "Process for continuously preparing ethylene glycol", assigned to Ube Industries
2300:
J. M. Hollis; F. J. Lovas; P. R. Jewell; L. H. Coudert (2002-05-20). "Interstellar
Antifreeze: Ethylene Glycol".
1971:
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Panten, Johannes; Surburg, Horst (2016). "Flavors and
Fragrances, 3. Aromatic and Heterocyclic Compounds".
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1347:-based ethylene glycol. Dimethyl oxalate can be converted into ethylene glycol in high yields (94.7%) by
282:
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7339:
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6595:
6580:
6550:
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1728:
1509:) or dissipates heat to the sink, depending on whether the system is being used for heating or cooling.
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675:
108:
6666:
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6319:
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1199:. It is mainly used for two purposes: as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for
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2705:
Incropera 1 Dewitt 2 Bergman 3 Lavigne 4, Frank P. 1 David P. 2 Theodore L. 3 Adrienne S. 4 (2007).
2065:
2021:
Australia, the UK, and seventeen US states (as of 2012) require the addition of a bitter flavoring (
1931:
1203:
formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, flammable, viscous liquid. It has a sweet taste, but is
485:
7369:
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31:
6356:
4923:
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1754:(anticrystallization) mixtures for low-temperature preservation of biological tissues and organs.
1428:. There appears to have been no commercial manufacture or application of ethylene glycol prior to
7467:
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222:
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1939:
1880:, but it is not itself present in these injections. It is used as a minor (1–2%) ingredient in
1517:
that of pure water, thus requiring increased flow rates in same-system comparisons with water.
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35:
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3195:
ATSDR - Case
Studies in Environmental Medicine: Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Toxicity
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2011:
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39:
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4073:
4038:
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3513:
3508:
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3415:
3314:
1976:
Ethylene glycol has relatively high mammalian toxicity when ingested, roughly on par with
1328:
1000:
351:
3004:
2587:
1991:, which can attract children and animals. Upon ingestion, ethylene glycol is oxidized to
1393:(1817–1884) first prepared ethylene glycol in 1856. He first treated "ethylene iodide" (
180:
2925:
2313:
2148:
2134:
1723:
behaves similarly. The freezing point depression of some mixtures can be explained as a
489:
324:
262:
7324:
7289:
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1759:
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1362:
1309:
1225:
1132:
688:
204:
2232:
1831:
Because of its high boiling point and affinity for water, ethylene glycol is a useful
1451:
started in 1917. The first large-scale commercial glycol plant was erected in 1925 at
7506:
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1992:
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1413:
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915:
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6351:
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4506:
4165:
3733:
3558:
3189:
2951:
1959:
1898:
1890:
891:
17:
1408:) with silver acetate and then hydrolyzed the resultant "ethylene diacetate" with
3194:
2167:
Nomenclature of
Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013
7404:
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7279:
7246:
7172:
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2015:
1996:
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1429:
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808:
410:
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7199:
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5792:
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3611:
3345:
3319:
3299:
3209:
3199:
2214:
2057:
2037:
2022:
1925:
1913:, ethylene glycol is useful in more specialized areas of organic chemistry.
1894:
1803:
1743:
1524:
Table of thermal and physical properties of saturated liquid ethylene glycol:
1506:
1441:
1420:(with three hydroxyl groups). In 1859, Wurtz prepared ethylene glycol via the
1412:. Wurtz named his new compound "glycol" because it shared qualities with both
1377:
Ethylene glycol can be produced by recycling its polymeric derivatives such a
1200:
665:
590:
293:
5331:
2877:
2755:
2517:
Industrial Coal
Gasification Technologies Covering Baseline and High-Ash Coal
2372:
2364:
1738:
Because of the depressed freezing temperatures, ethylene glycol is used as a
7251:
7116:
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6756:
6636:
6490:
6465:
5911:
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5647:
5434:
5414:
5015:
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4135:
4130:
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3715:
3687:
3681:
3671:
3661:
3616:
3054:
3009:
2684:(9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. pp. 600–606.
2089:
2060:'s health ministry has said children died as a result of ethylene glycol in
2045:
2033:
1910:
1869:
1832:
1787:
1321:
698:
457:
3236:
3079:. Consumer Specialty Products Association. 13 December 2012. Archived from
2569:
2466:
2380:
1958:
Silicon dioxide dissolves slowly in hot ethylene glycol in the presence of
2178:
7219:
7131:
6932:
6795:
6780:
6751:
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6395:
6219:
6163:
6157:
6126:
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5930:
5802:
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5458:
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5094:
5010:
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4903:
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4761:
4741:
4477:
4473:
4453:
4435:
4402:
4310:
3646:
3427:
3401:
3127:
2942:
2709:(6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp. 941–950.
2085:
2000:
1977:
1947:
1739:
1505:. The ethylene glycol either gains energy from the source (lake, ocean,
1460:
1437:
1417:
1269:
1221:
963:
956:
949:
922:
658:
2854:
2463:
Ruthenium catalyzed hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol
7384:
7214:
7167:
7126:
7082:
7024:
7019:
6982:
6972:
6967:
6922:
6917:
6857:
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4320:
3651:
3598:
3553:
3470:
3376:
3309:
3228:
2356:
1877:
1848:
1486:
1478:
1447:
In the United States, semicommercial production of ethylene glycol via
621:
397:
333:
1354:
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7256:
7238:
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5038:
4831:
4063:
2933:
273:
3123:"Marion Biotech: Uzbekistan links child deaths to India cough syrup"
1521:
industry as glycol concentrates, compounds, mixtures, or solutions.
1131:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
869:
2321:
1308:. In the OMEGA process, the ethylene oxide is first converted with
371:
6470:
6400:
4977:
3103:"Indonesia says child deaths from acute kidney injury rise to 133"
3038:(15th ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry. 2013. pp. M9238.
3024:(15th ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry. 2013. pp. M5122.
2069:
1988:
1987:= 786 mg/kg for humans. The major danger is due to its sweet
1791:
1769:
1758:
pure ethylene glycol having a much higher boiling point and lower
1498:
1477:
The major use of ethylene glycol is as an antifreeze agent in the
1366:
1229:
421:
253:
203:
193:
2251:
1893:
for biological specimens, especially in secondary schools during
1493:
outside or must cool below the freezing temperature of water. In
5926:
1273:
1185:
1084:
1047:
611:
362:
43:
6004:
5335:
3247:
5373:
1770:
1459:
Corp.). By 1929, ethylene glycol was being used by almost all
1835:. Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of
3204:
2779:
2048:-based Maiden Pharmaceuticals contained ethylene glycol and
1930:
1353:
911:
473:
78:
68:
3243:
2819:(Third ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 312–322.
1924:
for manipulation of ketones and aldehydes. In one example,
1778:, which is produced on the multimillion ton scale annually.
1281:
903:
2965:
Safety
Officer in Physical Chemistry (November 23, 2009).
3205:
Antifreeze ratio for Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol
3077:"Antifreeze and Engine Coolant Being Bittered Nationwide"
2052:, ingredients that have been linked to child deaths from
934:
2903:"Synthesis of pentacoordinate silicon complexes from SiO
1149:
981:
111 °C (232 °F; 384 K) closed cup
3161:"Statement of the Science Report for Ethylene Glycol"
2633:(Synthesis of glycol from ethylene oxide and water),
2631:"Synthèse du glycol avec l'oxyde d'éthylène et l'eau"
2276:"3.8: 3.8 Alcohols - Classification and Nomenclature"
2219:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2744:
Siegfried Rebsdat; Dieter Mayer. "Ethylene Glycol".
7270:
7190:
7115:
7006:
6941:
6881:
6809:
6715:
6609:
6479:
6265:
6047:
6038:
5944:
5904:
5859:
5816:
5765:
5732:
5714:
5661:
5615:
5577:
5497:
5382:
5234:
5181:
5139:
5103:
5087:
5051:
5029:
4996:
4943:
4936:
4891:
4873:
4855:
4707:
4698:
4641:
4586:
4558:
4505:
4411:
4395:
4374:
4303:
4296:
4208:
4097:
3927:
3852:
3775:
3697:
3628:
3597:
3469:
3426:
3414:
3387:
3354:
3288:
3281:
1335:provides a promising approach to the production of
2010:Antifreeze products for automotive use containing
1207:. This molecule has been observed in outer space.
2163:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
221:
2465:, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1997, 667–668),
2435:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2028:In 2022, several hundred children died of acute
1365:, and a second plant in the Chinese province of
409:
2018:, a normal product of metabolism and exercise.
2003:. It and its toxic byproducts first affect the
1786:, ethylene glycol is an important precursor to
1300:A higher selectivity is achieved by the use of
938:
179:
3167:. Health Canada www.hc-sc.gc.ca. June 24, 2013
2870:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2747:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2501:"China's coal-based chemicals are a trade-off"
1909:Although dwarfed by its use as a precursor to
626:1.1132 g/cm (0.04022 lb/cu in)
6016:
5347:
3259:
2815:Theodora W. Greene; Peter G. M. Wuts (1999).
2418:. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011
2413:"Coal to MEG, Changing the Rules of the Game"
1750:in automobile engines, and as a component of
8:
3200:CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
2782:[Glycol for industry and business].
1232:to produce ethylene glycol according to the
646:197.3 °C (387.1 °F; 470.4 K)
2729:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1455:, by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. (now
6044:
6023:
6009:
6001:
5354:
5340:
5332:
4940:
4704:
4300:
3423:
3285:
3266:
3252:
3244:
1526:
1501:that transports heat through the use of a
1389:According to most sources, French chemist
636:−12.9 °C (8.8 °F; 260.2 K)
488:
486:DTXSID4027862 DTXSID8020597, DTXSID4027862
323:
301:
48:
2941:
2543:"Enzymes' Power for Plastics Degradation"
1497:/cooling systems, ethylene glycol is the
445:
5420:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
2967:"Safety (MSDS) data for ethylene glycol"
2652:"Hydratech - Specialist Fluid Solutions"
2590:[On glycol or dibasic alcohol].
2461:and H. T. Teunissen and C. J. Elsevier,
2213:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1889:. Ethylene glycol is commonly used as a
1436:in Germany and used as a substitute for
1404:
1400:
1396:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1195:
1191:
2126:
2101:
544:
509:
484:
387:
83:Ball and stick model of ethylene glycol
2817:Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis
2722:
2707:Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
2428:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
995:410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
314:
1928:was protected using ethylene glycol:
516:Key: LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
281:
261:
7:
4413:Polyhydric alcohols (sugar alcohols)
3053:. The Rested Dog Inn. Archived from
3049:Pieter Klapwijk (January 27, 2010).
2588:"Sur le glycol ou alcool diatomique"
2441:(PDF; 5,4 MB), 2011 Prospectus.
1806:, is prepared from ethylene glycol.
1774:Ethylene glycol is one precursor to
513:InChI=1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2
2969:. Oxford University. Archived from
526:Key: LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYAD
523:InChI=1/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2
400:
370:
7395:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
2786:(in Danish) – via lcglad.dk.
1735:the lowest operating temperature.
73:Spacefill model of ethylene glycol
25:
7295:Atomic and molecular astrophysics
6032:Molecules detected in outer space
5069:2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol
2482:, Catalysis Letters, Sept. 2012,
2056:in The Gambia. In December 2022,
1995:, which is, in turn, oxidized to
1327:Ethylene glycol is produced from
1220:Ethylene glycol is produced from
7485:
7473:
7461:
7450:
7449:
6256:
6247:
6238:
5316:
5315:
2780:"Glycol til industri og erhverv"
1954:Miscellaneous chemical reactions
1481:in for example, automobiles and
1139:
839:
834:
574:
94:
55:
27:Organic compound ethane-1,2-diol
7420:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
5522:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
5298:Nucleophilic conjugate addition
2149:"Ethylene glycol (CHEBI:30742)"
2135:"Ethylene glycol (CHEBI:30742)"
2082:high-production-volume chemical
1473:Coolant and heat-transfer agent
1453:South Charleston, West Virginia
1432:, when it was synthesized from
1224:(ethene), via the intermediate
1135:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3165:3.3.2.2 Non-neoplastic effects
2514:Gräbner, Martin (2014-11-24).
2171:The Royal Society of Chemistry
1872:in liquid cooling systems for
1485:systems that either place the
1416:(with one hydroxyl group) and
1228:. Ethylene oxide reacts with
794:Occupational safety and health
580:
568:
1:
7345:Extraterrestrial liquid water
5269:Fischer–Speier esterification
4201:Propylene glycol methyl ether
2802:The Organic Synthesis Archive
2488:DOI:10.1007/s10562-012-0871-8
1015:(US health exposure limits):
1962:base to produce silicates.
1868:, as an additive to prevent
1860:Precursor to other chemicals
1545:Thermal diffusivity (m^2/s)
1539:Kinematic viscosity (m^2/s)
1205:toxic in high concentrations
807:Harmful, produces poisonous
6576:Protonated hydrogen cyanide
3436:4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol
3051:"Ethylene Glycol Poisoning"
2610:"… je propose de le nommer
2562:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00644
1551:Thermal expansivity (K^-1)
1512:Pure ethylene glycol has a
1124:Ethylene glycol (data page)
64:
7559:
5363:Internal combustion engine
5274:Williamson ether synthesis
4573:2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol
3504:2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol
3499:2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol
1969:
1946:is a commercial fragrance
1897:as a safer alternative to
1796:Polyethylene terephthalate
1379:polyethylene terephthalate
1280:, or can occur at neutral
29:
7444:
7335:Earliest known life forms
7330:Diffuse interstellar band
6801:Protonated cyanoacetylene
6571:Protonated carbon dioxide
6531:Hydromagnesium isocyanide
6236:
5980:
5831:Diesel particulate filter
5783:Idle air control actuator
5724:Engine control unit (ECU)
5369:
5311:
5293:Friedel-Crafts alkylation
5284:Nucleophilic substitution
5264:Nucleophilic substitution
3494:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol
2616:( … I propose to call it
2520:. John Wiley & Sons.
2302:The Astrophysical Journal
2256:The Physics Hypertextbook
1972:Ethylene glycol poisoning
1776:polyethyleneterephthalate
1180:: ethane-1,2-diol) is an
1129:
1122:
1117:
1076:
1009:
815:
811:when ingested, flammable
791:
786:
711:
555:
535:
500:
163:
131:
119:
107:
102:
93:
63:
54:
7528:Hazardous air pollutants
7380:Iron–sulfur world theory
7375:Photodissociation region
7078:Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
5896:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
5808:Throttle position sensor
5517:Overhead camshaft layout
4515:2,2-Dimethylpropan-1-ol
3571:-Diisopropylaminoethanol
3217:Chemical Society Reviews
3005:Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
2878:10.1002/14356007.t11_t02
2798:"Ethylene glycol acetal"
2756:10.1002/14356007.a10_101
2680:Holman, Jack P. (2002).
2608:Wurtz (1856), page 200:
2345:Chemical Society Reviews
1536:Specific heat (kJ/kg·K)
1351:with a copper catalyst:
1118:Supplementary data page
882:Precautionary statements
30:Not to be confused with
7455:Category:Astrochemistry
7045:, fullerene, buckyball)
6732:Cyanobutadiynyl radical
6707:Silicon-carbide cluster
6697:Protonated formaldehyde
5435:Core plug (freeze plug)
5149:1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol
3190:WebBook page for C2H6O2
2750:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
2656:www.hydratechglobal.net
7468:Outer space portal
7310:Circumstellar envelope
6275:Aluminium(I) hydroxide
6185:Phosphorus mononitride
6062:Aluminium monofluoride
6057:Aluminium monochloride
5154:2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
3539:Aminoethylethanolamine
3489:2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
3484:2,2,2-Trichloroethanol
2005:central nervous system
1935:
1905:Organic building block
1837:natural gas clathrates
1779:
1514:specific heat capacity
1358:
945:
84:
74:
7365:Interplanetary medium
7340:Extraterrestrial life
6978:Octatetraynyl radical
6596:Tricarbon monosulfide
6143:Magnesium monohydride
4578:3-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
3149:. CDC. 12 March 2015.
2179:10.1039/9781849733069
2080:Ethylene glycol is a
2076:Environmental effects
1934:
1773:
1766:Precursor to polymers
1729:intermolecular forces
1542:Conductivity (W/m K)
1449:ethylene chlorohydrin
1391:Charles-Adolphe Wurtz
1357:
944:
82:
72:
7492:Chemistry portal
7480:Astronomy portal
7426:RNA world hypothesis
7410:PAH world hypothesis
7103:Heptatrienyl radical
7035:Buckminsterfullerene
6923:Methylcyanoacetylene
6431:Silicon carbonitride
6406:Methylidynephosphane
6372:Magnesium isocyanide
6280:Aluminium isocyanide
6082:Carbon monophosphide
5676:Compression ignition
5279:Elimination reaction
3981:1-Heptatetracontanol
3971:1-Pentatetracontanol
3966:1-Tetratetracontanol
3873:(melissyl / myricyl)
3840:(cluytyl / montanyl)
3549:Dimethylethanolamine
2973:on December 14, 2011
2467:DOI:10.1039/A700862G
2410:Nexant/Chemsystems,
2280:Chemistry LibreTexts
2068:, which is based at
1746:and aircraft, as an
1725:colligative property
1503:geothermal heat pump
1295:tetraethylene glycol
927:(fire diamond)
146:Hypodicarbonous acid
121:Preferred IUPAC name
7533:Household chemicals
7523:Commodity chemicals
7370:Interstellar medium
7350:Forbidden mechanism
7163:Hydrogen isocyanide
6853:Hexatriynyl radical
6436:c-Silicon dicarbide
6341:Hydrogen isocyanide
6205:Silicon monosulfide
6180:Phosphorus monoxide
6148:Methylidyne radical
6107:Fluoromethylidynium
6067:Aluminium(II) oxide
5826:Catalytic converter
5303:Transesterification
4680:Palmitoleyl alcohol
4655:3-Methyl-3-pentanol
4598:Cetostearyl alcohol
4535:3-Methylbutan-2-ol
4530:3-Methylbutan-1-ol
4525:2-Methylbutan-2-ol
4520:2-Methylbutan-1-ol
4304:Monohydric alcohols
4233:3-Methyl-3-pentanol
4223:2-Methylheptan-2-ol
4218:2-Methyl-2-pentanol
3991:1-Nonatetracontanol
3986:1-Octatetracontanol
3976:1-Hexatetracontanol
3909:1-Heptatriacontanol
3899:1-Pentatriacontanol
3893:1-Tetratriacontanol
3579:-Methylethanolamine
3544:Diethylethanolamine
3456:Methylazoxymethanol
3373:Methanol poisoning
3210:Medical information
3131:. 29 December 2022.
3083:on 28 December 2012
3057:on January 26, 2013
2926:1991Natur.353..642L
2855:10.1021/jo00403a047
2314:2002ApJ...571L..59H
2054:acute kidney injury
2023:denatonium benzoate
1938:The glycol-derived
1434:ethylene dichloride
1410:potassium hydroxide
1188:) with the formula
1109:Polyethylene glycol
653:Solubility in water
598: g·mol
243:Beilstein Reference
152:1,2-Dihydroxyethane
149:Monoethylene glycol
51:
32:Polyethylene glycol
18:Monoethylene glycol
7390:Molecules in stars
7360:Intergalactic dust
7305:Circumstellar dust
7247:Naphthalene cation
7182:Trihydrogen cation
7158:Hydrogen deuteride
7083:Methyltriacetylene
6918:Hexapentaenylidene
6737:E-Cyanomethanimine
6657:Cyclopropenylidene
6591:Tricarbon monoxide
6581:Silicon tricarbide
6551:Methylene amidogen
6541:Isothiocyanic acid
6456:Thioxoethenylidene
6416:Trihydrogen cation
6230:Titanium(II) oxide
6190:Potassium chloride
6169:Sulfur mononitride
6112:Helium hydride ion
6087:Carbon monosulfide
5952:Knocking / pinging
5544:Combustion chamber
5198:Carbonyl reduction
5074:Diethylpropanediol
4690:tert-Butyl alcohol
4396:Trihydric alcohols
4238:3-Methyloctan-3-ol
4228:2-Methylhexan-2-ol
4141:3-Methyl-2-butanol
3961:1-Tritetracontanol
3951:1-Hentetracontanol
3919:1-Nonatriacontanol
3914:1-Octatriacontanol
3904:1-Hexatriacontanol
3752:(cetyl / palmityl)
3607:2-Methyl-1-butanol
3446:Cyclohexylmethanol
3305:2-Methyl-1-butanol
3229:10.1039/C2CS15359A
3111:. 22 October 2022.
2357:10.1039/c2cs15359a
2072:, near New Delhi.
1944:ethyl acetoacetate
1936:
1874:personal computers
1854:glycol dehydration
1827:Hydrate inhibition
1821:triethylene glycol
1780:
1495:geothermal heating
1359:
1318:ethylene carbonate
1291:triethylene glycol
1162:Infobox references
1104:Triethylene glycol
1077:Related compounds
1050:(Immediate danger)
946:
85:
75:
49:
7500:
7499:
7415:Pseudo-panspermia
7111:
7110:
7058:Cyanodecapentayne
6998:N-Methylformamide
6973:Methyldiacetylene
6898:Aminoacetonitrile
6868:Methyl isocyanate
6786:Methyl isocyanide
6667:Isocyanoacetylene
6647:Cyanoformaldehyde
6526:Hydrogen peroxide
6411:Potassium cyanide
6367:Magnesium cyanide
6320:Disilicon carbide
6315:Dicarbon monoxide
6122:Hydrogen fluoride
6117:Hydrogen chloride
5998:
5997:
5967:Stratified charge
5734:Electrical system
5716:Engine management
5549:Compression ratio
5489:Starter ring gear
5388:rotating assembly
5329:
5328:
5252:Alcohol oxidation
5173:Trifluoromethanol
5047:
5046:
4932:
4931:
4685:tert-Amyl alcohol
4665:Linolenyl alcohol
4560:Aromatic alcohols
4501:
4500:
4375:Dihydric alcohols
4288:Triphenylmethanol
4243:Diacetone alcohol
4191:Pinacolyl alcohol
4116:2-Deoxyerythritol
4089:Veratrole alcohol
4069:Propargyl alcohol
4059:Phenethyl alcohol
4049:Nicotinyl alcohol
4044:Neopentyl alcohol
3999:
3998:
3956:1-Dotetracontanol
3888:1-Tritriacontanol
3877:1-Hentriacontanol
3529:2-Mercaptoethanol
3461:Trifluoromethanol
3410:
3409:
3397:Isopropyl alcohol
3325:Phenethyl alcohol
3290:Alcohols found in
3223:(11): 4218–4244.
3143:"Ethylene Glycol"
2920:(6345): 642–644.
2887:978-3-527-30673-2
2872:. pp. 1–45.
2826:978-0-471-16019-9
2804:. synarchive.com.
2641: : 813–815.
2629:Ad. Wurtz (1859)
2478:S. Zhang et al.,
2399:978-1-4614-4259-2
2233:"Ethylene glycol"
2188:978-0-85404-182-4
2050:diethylene glycol
1922:organic synthesis
1887:isopropyl alcohol
1815:Dehydrating agent
1762:than pure water.
1721:Diethylene glycol
1711:
1710:
1533:Density (kg/m^3)
1530:Temperature (°C)
1385:Historical routes
1373:Biological routes
1287:diethylene glycol
1234:chemical equation
1216:Industrial routes
1170:Chemical compound
1168:
1167:
1099:Diethylene glycol
1060:Safety data sheet
1041:None established
864:Hazard statements
606:colorless liquid
469:CompTox Dashboard
205:Interactive image
89:
88:
36:Diethylene glycol
16:(Redirected from
7550:
7513:Alcohol solvents
7490:
7489:
7488:
7478:
7477:
7476:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7453:
7452:
7400:Organic compound
7300:Chemical formula
7205:Dihydroxyacetone
7153:Hydrogen cyanide
6838:Cyanodiacetylene
6692:Propadienylidene
6586:Thioformaldehyde
6461:Titanium dioxide
6426:Sodium hydroxide
6347:Hydrogen sulfide
6335:Hydrogen cyanide
6295:Carbonyl sulfide
6260:
6251:
6242:
6200:Silicon monoxide
6133:Hydroxyl radical
6045:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6002:
5841:Exhaust manifold
5706:Spark plug wires
5592:Boost controller
5579:Forced induction
5356:
5349:
5342:
5333:
5319:
5318:
4941:
4937:Terpene alcohols
4722:Methylene glycol
4705:
4670:Linoleyl alcohol
4613:Myristyl alcohol
4440:Propylene glycol
4387:Propylene glycol
4301:
4283:Triphenylethanol
4196:Pirkle's alcohol
4181:Diphenylmethanol
4084:Vanillyl alcohol
4054:Perillyl alcohol
4034:Furfuryl alcohol
4024:Cinnamyl alcohol
3882:1-Dotriacontanol
3534:2-Methoxyethanol
3424:
3292:alcoholic drinks
3286:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3240:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3012:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2945:
2934:10.1038/353642a0
2911:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2849:(9): 1821–1823.
2837:
2831:
2830:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2658:. Archived from
2648:
2642:
2627:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2556:(9): 5612–5701.
2550:Chemical Reviews
2547:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2486:(9), 1121–1127,
2476:
2470:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2408:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2210:
2193:
2192:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2114:
2111:propylene glycol
2106:
2012:propylene glycol
1918:protecting group
1784:plastic industry
1527:
1483:air-conditioning
1407:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1333:dimethyl oxalate
1261:
1198:
1182:organic compound
1152:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1094:Propylene glycol
1001:Explosive limits
966:
959:
952:
937:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
875:
871:
843:
838:
778:
755:166.9 J/(mol·K)
751:
731:149.5 J/(mol·K)
727:
712:Thermochemistry
706:
693:7.99 Pa (20 °C)
597:
582:
576:
570:
563:Chemical formula
493:
492:
477:
475:
449:
413:
402:
391:
374:
352:Gmelin Reference
335:
327:
316:
305:
285:
265:
225:
207:
183:
143:Ethylene alcohol
98:
65:
59:
52:
50:Ethylene glycol
40:Propylene glycol
21:
7558:
7557:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7547:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7486:
7484:
7474:
7472:
7462:
7460:
7440:
7266:
7242:
7233:
7186:
7176:
7119:
7107:
7088:Propionaldehyde
7063:Ethylene glycol
7052:
7044:
7040:
7011:
7009:
7002:
6958:Cyanohexatriyne
6944:
6937:
6884:
6877:
6812:
6805:
6765:
6718:
6711:
6682:Methoxy radical
6612:
6605:
6601:Thiocyanic acid
6482:
6475:
6385:
6325:Ethynyl radical
6261:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6234:
6225:Sulfur monoxide
6210:Sodium chloride
6195:Silicon carbide
6102:Diatomic carbon
6092:Carbon monoxide
6034:
6029:
5999:
5994:
5976:
5972:Top dead centre
5940:
5900:
5855:
5812:
5761:
5735:
5728:
5717:
5710:
5657:
5611:
5573:
5529:Tappet / lifter
5512:Flathead layout
5502:
5493:
5387:
5378:
5365:
5360:
5330:
5325:
5307:
5257:Glycol cleavage
5230:
5226:Ziegler process
5177:
5159:2-Fluoroethanol
5135:
5099:
5083:
5079:Ethylene glycol
5064:1,5-Pentanediol
5043:
5031:
5025:
4998:
4992:
4945:
4928:
4892:Glycylglycitols
4887:
4875:
4869:
4857:
4851:
4847:
4837:
4827:
4817:
4807:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4767:
4757:
4747:
4737:
4732:Ethylene glycol
4727:
4715:
4711:
4694:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4588:
4582:
4554:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4469:
4459:
4445:
4431:
4426:Ethylene glycol
4421:Pentaerythritol
4407:
4391:
4382:Ethylene glycol
4370:
4366:
4356:
4346:
4336:
4326:
4316:
4297:Hydric alcohols
4292:
4210:
4204:
4106:1-Phenylethanol
4099:
4093:
4074:Salicyl alcohol
4039:Isoamyl alcohol
3995:
3946:1-Tetracontanol
3939:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3593:
3589:Tribromoethanol
3524:2-Fluoroethanol
3519:2-Ethoxyethanol
3514:2-Chloroethanol
3509:2-Butoxyethanol
3465:
3451:Methoxymethanol
3417:
3406:
3383:
3356:Medical alcohol
3350:
3315:Isoamyl alcohol
3291:
3277:
3272:
3214:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3036:The Merck Index
3034:
3033:
3029:
3022:The Merck Index
3020:
3019:
3015:
3002:
2998:
2992:Ethylene glycol
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2721:
2717:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2628:
2624:
2607:
2603:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2477:
2473:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2392:
2388:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2237:www.chemsrc.com
2231:
2230:
2226:
2212:
2211:
2196:
2189:
2173:. p. 690.
2161:
2160:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2078:
1985:
1980:, with an oral
1974:
1968:
1956:
1916:It serves as a
1907:
1862:
1829:
1817:
1812:
1800:plastic bottles
1798:, used to make
1768:
1716:
1548:Prandtl Number
1475:
1470:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1375:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1329:carbon monoxide
1315:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1218:
1213:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1174:Ethylene glycol
1171:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157: ?)
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1113:
1087:
1051:
1038:
1025:
992:
989:
971:
970:
969:
968:
961:
954:
947:
943:
935:
884:
866:
852:
831:
804:
779:
776:
770:
766:
763:
762:Std enthalpy of
752:
749:
742:
739:
728:
721:
704:
655:
595:
585:
579:
573:
565:
551:
548:
543:
542:
531:
528:
527:
524:
518:
517:
514:
508:
507:
496:
478:
471:
452:
432:
416:
403:
389:Ethylene+glycol
377:
354:
345:
308:
288:
268:
245:
228:
210:
197:
186:
173:
159:
158:
137:Ethylene glycol
127:
126:
125:Ethane-1,2-diol
115:
114:Ethane-1,2-diol
113:
112:Ethylene glycol
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7556:
7554:
7546:
7545:
7540:
7538:Sugar alcohols
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7505:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7482:
7470:
7458:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7325:Cosmochemistry
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7290:Astrochemistry
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7231:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7143:Formyl radical
7140:
7135:
7129:
7123:
7121:
7113:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7073:Methyl acetate
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6963:Dimethyl ether
6960:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6930:
6928:Methyl formate
6925:
6920:
6915:
6913:Glycolaldehyde
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6848:Glycolonitrile
6845:
6843:Ethylene oxide
6840:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6742:Cyclopropenone
6739:
6734:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6642:Cyanoacetylene
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6617:
6615:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6561:Methyl radical
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6536:Isocyanic acid
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6501:Isocyanic acid
6498:
6493:
6487:
6485:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6446:Sulfur dioxide
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6421:Sodium cyanide
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6338:
6332:
6330:Formyl radical
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6290:Carbon dioxide
6287:
6282:
6277:
6271:
6269:
6263:
6262:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6138:Iron(II) oxide
6135:
6130:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6005:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5861:Cooling system
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5818:Exhaust system
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5788:Inlet manifold
5785:
5780:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5667:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5643:Fuel injection
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5410:Connecting rod
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5380:
5379:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5336:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5288:carbonyl group
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5203:Ether cleavage
5200:
5195:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5168:-butyl alcohol
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5141:Fluoroalcohols
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5059:1,4-Butanediol
5055:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5035:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5002:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4919:Maltotetraitol
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4700:Sugar alcohols
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:Erucyl alcohol
4657:
4651:
4649:
4647:fatty alcohols
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4608:Lauryl alcohol
4605:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4590:fatty alcohols
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Benzyl alcohol
4564:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4457:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:-Butyl alcohol
4272:
4264:
4262:-butyl alcohol
4255:
4253:Methylpentynol
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4029:Crotyl alcohol
4026:
4021:
4019:Benzyl alcohol
4016:
4014:Anisyl alcohol
4011:
4006:
4004:2-Ethylhexanol
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3928:Straight-chain
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3874:
3871:1-Triacontanol
3867:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3853:Straight-chain
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3833:1-Heptacosanol
3830:
3824:
3822:1-Pentacosanol
3819:
3816:1-Tetracosanol
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:1-Heneicosanol
3797:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3776:Straight-chain
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:1-Heptadecanol
3753:
3747:
3745:1-Pentadecanol
3742:
3739:1-Tetradecanol
3736:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3698:Straight-chain
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3629:Straight-chain
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3584:Phenoxyethanol
3581:
3573:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3479:1-Aminoethanol
3475:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3389:Toxic alcohols
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3369:Methylpentynol
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3341:-Butyl alcohol
3335:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3283:
3282:By consumption
3279:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3185:
3184:External links
3182:
3179:
3178:
3152:
3134:
3114:
3094:
3068:
3041:
3027:
3013:
2996:
2984:
2957:
2904:
2893:
2886:
2860:
2832:
2825:
2807:
2789:
2771:
2765:978-3527306732
2764:
2736:
2715:
2697:
2690:
2672:
2643:
2635:Comptes rendus
2622:
2601:
2592:Comptes Rendus
2575:
2533:
2526:
2506:
2492:
2471:
2452:983 EP 046 983
2443:
2403:
2386:
2335:
2322:10.1086/341148
2308:(1): L59–L62.
2292:
2267:
2250:Elert, Glenn.
2242:
2224:
2194:
2187:
2154:
2140:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2077:
2074:
2066:Marion Biotech
2044:syrup made by
2030:kidney failure
1983:
1970:Main article:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1952:
1906:
1903:
1861:
1858:
1828:
1825:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1767:
1764:
1760:vapor pressure
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1426:ethylene oxide
1386:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1363:Inner Mongolia
1341:
1313:
1310:carbon dioxide
1226:ethylene oxide
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1138:
1137:
1133:standard state
1130:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:External SDS 2
1066:External SDS 1
1063:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
986:
983:
982:
979:
973:
972:
962:
955:
948:
933:
932:
931:
930:
928:
919:
918:
885:
880:
877:
876:
867:
862:
859:
858:
853:
848:
845:
844:
832:
827:
824:
823:
813:
812:
805:
802:
799:
798:
789:
788:
784:
783:
780:
774:
768:
760:
757:
756:
753:
747:
736:
733:
732:
729:
717:
714:
713:
709:
708:
701:
695:
694:
691:
689:Vapor pressure
685:
684:
681:
672:
671:
668:
662:
661:
656:
651:
648:
647:
644:
638:
637:
634:
628:
627:
624:
618:
617:
614:
608:
607:
604:
600:
599:
593:
587:
586:
583:
577:
571:
566:
561:
558:
557:
553:
552:
550:
549:
546:
538:
537:
536:
533:
532:
530:
529:
525:
522:
521:
519:
515:
512:
511:
503:
502:
501:
498:
497:
495:
494:
481:
479:
467:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
451:
450:
442:
440:
434:
433:
431:
430:
426:
424:
418:
417:
415:
414:
406:
404:
396:
393:
392:
385:
379:
378:
376:
375:
367:
365:
359:
358:
355:
350:
347:
346:
344:
343:
339:
337:
329:
328:
318:
310:
309:
307:
306:
298:
296:
290:
289:
287:
286:
278:
276:
270:
269:
267:
266:
258:
256:
250:
249:
246:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:Abbreviations
230:
229:
227:
226:
218:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
200:
198:
191:
188:
187:
185:
184:
176:
174:
169:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
156:
155:Glycol solvent
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:1,2-Ethanediol
138:
134:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
100:
99:
91:
90:
87:
86:
76:
61:
60:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7555:
7544:
7543:Vicinal diols
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7493:
7483:
7481:
7471:
7469:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7447:
7446:
7443:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7355:Homochirality
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7269:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7237:
7235:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7210:Methoxyethane
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7093:Butyronitrile
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7068:Ethyl formate
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7047:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7005:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6993:Propionitrile
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6940:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6880:
6874:
6873:Vinyl alcohol
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6832:
6831:Vinyl cyanide
6829:
6828:
6827:
6826:Acrylonitrile
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6808:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6791:Pentynylidyne
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6714:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6687:Methylenimine
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6566:Propynylidyne
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6556:Methyl cation
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6516:Fulminic acid
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6391:Nitrous oxide
6389:
6387:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6285:Amino radical
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6259:
6250:
6241:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6215:Sodium iodide
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6097:Cyano radical
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6077:Carbon cation
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6026:
6021:
6019:
6014:
6012:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5979:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5874:Water cooling
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5851:Oxygen sensor
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:Intake system
5764:
5758:
5757:Starter motor
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5696:Ignition coil
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5628:Petrol engine
5626:
5624:
5623:Diesel engine
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5587:Blowoff valve
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5504:Cylinder head
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5395:Balance shaft
5393:
5392:
5390:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5352:
5350:
5345:
5343:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5322:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5242:Deprotonation
5240:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4997:Sesquiterpene
4995:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4854:
4843:
4840:
4833:
4830:
4823:
4820:
4813:
4810:
4803:
4800:
4793:
4790:
4783:
4780:
4773:
4770:
4763:
4760:
4753:
4750:
4743:
4740:
4733:
4730:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4675:Oleyl alcohol
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4507:Amyl alcohols
4504:
4489:
4486:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4465:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4362:
4361:Cetyl alcohol
4359:
4352:
4349:
4342:
4339:
4332:
4329:
4322:
4319:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4270:-Amyl alcohol
4269:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4248:Ethchlorvynol
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:alcohols (3°)
4207:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:Cyclopropanol
4174:
4172:
4171:Cyclopentanol
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4100:alcohols (2°)
4096:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Allyl alcohol
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3851:
3845:
3844:1-Nonacosanol
3842:
3839:
3838:1-Octacosanol
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3827:1-Hexacosanol
3825:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3774:
3768:
3767:1-Nonadecanol
3765:
3762:
3761:1-Octadecanol
3759:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3750:1-Hexadecanol
3748:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3696:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Aminomethanol
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Ethchlorvynol
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:-Amyl alcohol
3332:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3098:
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3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3056:
3052:
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3042:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2943:2027.42/62810
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:J. Org. Chem.
2836:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2785:
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2775:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2718:
2716:9780471457282
2712:
2708:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2691:9780072406559
2687:
2683:
2682:Heat Transfer
2676:
2673:
2662:on 2021-05-14
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:Adolphe Wurtz
2579:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2527:9783527336906
2523:
2519:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2496:
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2485:
2481:
2475:
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2319:
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2296:
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2281:
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2238:
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2225:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
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2190:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
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2164:
2158:
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2136:
2130:
2127:
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2112:
2105:
2102:
2095:
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2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:glycolic acid
1990:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
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1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1752:vitrification
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
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1532:
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1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1457:Union Carbide
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:ethyl alcohol
1411:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1349:hydrogenation
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1306:OMEGA process
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:(Recommended)
1036:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:(Permissible)
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
985:
984:
980:
978:
975:
974:
967:
960:
953:
929:
926:
925:
921:
920:
886:
883:
879:
878:
868:
865:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
847:
846:
842:
837:
833:
830:
826:
825:
821:
819:
814:
810:
806:
801:
800:
796:
795:
790:
785:
781:
773:
765:
759:
758:
754:
746:
741:
735:
734:
730:
725:
720:
719:Heat capacity
716:
715:
710:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
680:
679:
674:
673:
669:
667:
664:
663:
660:
657:
654:
650:
649:
645:
643:
642:Boiling point
640:
639:
635:
633:
632:Melting point
630:
629:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
602:
601:
594:
592:
589:
588:
567:
564:
560:
559:
554:
545:
541:
534:
520:
510:
506:
499:
491:
487:
483:
482:
480:
470:
466:
465:
461:
459:
456:
455:
448:
444:
443:
441:
439:
436:
435:
428:
427:
425:
423:
420:
419:
412:
408:
407:
405:
399:
395:
394:
390:
386:
384:
381:
380:
373:
369:
368:
366:
364:
361:
360:
356:
353:
349:
348:
341:
340:
338:
336:
331:
330:
326:
322:
319:
317:
315:ECHA InfoCard
312:
311:
304:
300:
299:
297:
295:
292:
291:
284:
280:
279:
277:
275:
272:
271:
264:
260:
259:
257:
255:
252:
251:
247:
244:
240:
239:
235:
232:
231:
224:
220:
219:
217:
214:
213:
206:
202:
201:
199:
195:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
175:
172:
168:
167:
162:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
122:
118:
110:
106:
101:
97:
92:
81:
77:
71:
67:
66:
62:
58:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7448:
7431:Spectroscopy
7285:Astrobiology
7138:Formaldehyde
7062:
7030:Benzonitrile
6821:Acetaldehyde
6776:Methanethiol
6727:Acetonitrile
6632:Carbodiimide
6511:Formaldehyde
6506:Cyanoethynyl
6357:Iron cyanide
6352:Hydroperoxyl
6153:Nitric oxide
5881:Electric fan
5681:Coil-on-plug
5607:Turbocharger
5602:Supercharger
5474:Main bearing
5464:Firing order
5454:Displacement
5400:Block heater
5384:Engine block
5372:Part of the
5371:
5189:Substitution
5182:Preparations
5165:
5131:Stigmasterol
5126:β-Sitosterol
5078:
4924:Polyglycitol
4914:Maltotriitol
4874:Cyclic sugar
4731:
4642:Branched and
4550:Pentan-3-ol
4545:Pentan-2-ol
4540:Pentan-1-ol
4425:
4381:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4166:Cyclohexanol
3818:(lignoceryl)
3811:1-Tricosanol
3734:1-Tridecanol
3690:(pelargonic)
3617:
3576:
3568:
3564:
3559:Ethanolamine
3338:
3330:
3220:
3216:
3169:. Retrieved
3164:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3126:
3117:
3106:
3097:
3085:. Retrieved
3081:the original
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3055:the original
3044:
3035:
3030:
3021:
3016:
3003:
2999:
2987:
2977:December 30,
2975:. Retrieved
2971:the original
2960:
2917:
2913:
2896:
2869:
2863:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2816:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2745:
2739:
2706:
2700:
2681:
2675:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:the original
2655:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2595:
2591:
2578:
2553:
2549:
2536:
2516:
2509:
2495:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2462:
2446:
2420:. Retrieved
2406:
2389:
2351:(11): 4218.
2348:
2344:
2338:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2284:. Retrieved
2282:. 2018-10-13
2279:
2270:
2259:. Retrieved
2255:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2166:
2157:
2143:
2129:
2104:
2079:
2040:because the
2027:
2020:
2009:
1975:
1960:alkali metal
1957:
1937:
1915:
1908:
1899:formaldehyde
1891:preservative
1863:
1841:
1830:
1818:
1781:
1756:
1737:
1733:
1717:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1491:air handlers
1476:
1446:
1388:
1376:
1360:
1326:
1299:
1263:
1238:
1219:
1186:vicinal diol
1173:
1172:
1068:
1011:
988:Autoignition
923:
855:
817:
803:Main hazards
792:
782:−460 kJ/mol
771:
744:
723:
677:
422:RTECS number
283:ChEMBL457299
164:Identifiers
132:Other names
7518:Alkanediols
7405:Outer space
7315:Cosmic dust
7280:Abiogenesis
7192:Unconfirmed
7148:Heavy water
6988:Ethanethiol
6903:Cyanoallene
6893:Acetic acid
6863:Methylamine
6747:Diacetylene
6662:Formic acid
6652:Cyanomethyl
6310:Diazenylium
6300:CCP radical
6176:(molecular)
6160:(molecular)
6129:(molecular)
5905:Lubrication
5869:Air cooling
5686:Distributor
5638:Fuel filter
5616:Fuel system
5597:Intercooler
5564:Timing belt
5554:Head gasket
5484:Piston ring
5247:Protonation
5164:Nonafluoro-
5111:Cholesterol
5088:Trialcohols
4958:Citronellol
4944:Monoterpene
4856:Deoxy sugar
4644:unsaturated
4331:Isopropanol
4258:Nonafluoro-
4186:Isopropanol
3805:1-Docosanol
3796:(arachidyl)
3728:1-Dodecanol
3722:1-Undecanol
3061:October 11,
2252:"Viscosity"
2062:cough syrup
2042:paracetamol
2016:lactic acid
1999:, which is
1997:oxalic acid
1882:shoe polish
1866:1,4-dioxane
1844:hydrocarbon
1804:soft drinks
1790:fibers and
1744:windshields
1714:Anti-freeze
1430:World War I
1252:O → HO−CH
990:temperature
977:Flash point
850:Signal word
809:oxalic acid
797:(OHS/OSH):
603:Appearance
556:Properties
321:100.003.159
263:CHEBI:30742
109:IUPAC names
7507:Categories
7320:Cosmic ray
7262:Silylidyne
7225:Hemolithin
7200:Anthracene
7117:Deuterated
7098:Pyrimidine
6908:Ethanimine
6771:Ketenimine
6627:Butadiynyl
6451:Thioformyl
6305:Chloronium
5957:Power band
5917:Oil filter
5891:Thermostat
5836:EGT sensor
5798:MAF sensor
5793:MAP sensor
5778:Air filter
5742:Alternator
5701:Spark plug
5633:Carburetor
5559:Rocker arm
5499:Valvetrain
5430:Crankshaft
5374:Automobile
5208:Hydrolysis
5193:haloalkane
5121:Lanosterol
5116:Ergosterol
5052:Dialcohols
5021:Patchoulol
4822:Galactitol
4752:Erythritol
4628:Tridecanol
4450:Erythritol
4351:1-Pentanol
4161:3-Pentanol
4156:2-Pentanol
4126:3-Heptanol
4121:2-Heptanol
4079:Tryptophol
3884:(lacceryl)
3794:1-Icosanol
3741:(myristyl)
3724:(hendecyl)
3677:1-Heptanol
3667:1-Pentanol
3657:1-Propanol
3612:Isobutanol
3346:Tryptophol
3320:Isobutanol
3300:1-Propanol
3108:Al Jazeera
2666:2020-02-24
2598:: 199–204.
2422:2016-08-08
2286:2022-04-21
2261:2007-10-02
2121:References
2058:Uzbekistan
2038:The Gambia
1926:isophorone
1911:polyesters
1895:dissection
1852:rate in a
1810:Other uses
1748:antifreeze
1742:fluid for
1507:water well
1444:industry.
1442:explosives
1272:by either
1211:Production
1201:antifreeze
1178:IUPAC name
1005:3.2–15.2%
829:Pictograms
666:Solubility
591:Molar mass
447:FC72KVT52F
294:ChemSpider
192:3D model (
171:CAS Number
7252:Phosphine
7120:molecules
7053:fullerene
6953:Acetamide
6757:Formamide
6637:Cyanamide
6491:Acetylene
6466:Tricarbon
6377:Methylene
6362:Isoformyl
6267:Triatomic
6040:Molecules
5691:Glow plug
5653:Fuel tank
5648:Fuel pump
5415:Crankcase
5235:Reactions
5217:Hydration
5030:Diterpene
5016:Nerolidol
5006:Bisabolol
4988:Terpineol
4842:Volemitol
4633:Undecanol
4587:Saturated
4488:Volemitol
4341:1-Butanol
4151:2-Octanol
4146:2-Nonanol
4136:3-Hexanol
4131:2-Hexanol
4111:2-Butanol
4098:Secondary
3930:saturated
3855:saturated
3807:(behenyl)
3778:saturated
3763:(stearyl)
3716:1-Decanol
3700:saturated
3688:1-Nonanol
3682:1-Octanol
3672:1-Hexanol
3662:1-Butanol
3631:saturated
3171:27 August
3010:eMedicine
2725:cite book
2373:0306-0012
2365:1460-4744
2090:teratogen
2046:New Delhi
2034:Indonesia
1940:dioxalane
1870:corrosion
1833:desiccant
1788:polyester
1707:6.50E-04
1701:9.08E-08
1695:2.03E-06
1681:6.50E-04
1675:9.21E-08
1669:2.98E-06
1655:6.50E-04
1649:9.32E-08
1643:4.75E-06
1629:6.50E-04
1623:9.39E-08
1617:8.69E-06
1603:6.50E-04
1597:9.39E-08
1591:1.92E-05
1577:6.50E-04
1571:9.34E-08
1565:7.53E-05
1422:hydration
1270:catalyzed
900:P301+P312
820:labelling
764:formation
738:Std molar
699:Viscosity
616:Odorless
458:UN number
429:KW2975000
342:203-473-3
334:EC Number
7239:Linear C
7220:Graphene
7132:Ammonium
6933:Acrolein
6796:Propynal
6781:Methanol
6752:Ethylene
6621:Ammonium
6396:Nitroxyl
6220:Sulfanyl
6164:Imidogen
6158:Nitrogen
6127:Hydrogen
6072:Argonium
6049:Diatomic
5990:Category
5935:Dry sump
5931:Wet sump
5922:Oil pump
5886:Radiator
5803:Throttle
5663:Ignition
5534:Camshaft
5459:Flywheel
5440:Cylinder
5425:Crankpin
5321:Category
5095:Glycerol
5032:alcohols
5011:Farnesol
4999:alcohols
4983:Rhodinol
4968:Linalool
4963:Geraniol
4946:alcohols
4904:Lactitol
4899:Maltitol
4883:Inositol
4876:alcohols
4858:alcohols
4812:Sorbitol
4802:Mannitol
4772:Arabitol
4762:Threitol
4742:Glycerol
4478:Sorbitol
4474:Mannitol
4454:Threitol
4436:Glycerol
4403:Glycerol
4311:Methanol
4209:Tertiary
3895:(geddyl)
3730:(lauryl)
3718:(capric)
3684:(capryl)
3647:Methanol
3620:-Butanol
3428:Methanol
3418:alcohols
3402:Methanol
3275:Alcohols
3237:22488259
3128:BBC News
2586:(1856).
2570:36916764
2431:cite web
2381:22488259
2330:56198291
2221:(NIOSH).
2165:(2014).
2086:de-icing
2064:made by
1978:methanol
1966:Toxicity
1948:fructone
1878:vaccines
1849:hydrates
1740:de-icing
1663:1077.56
1637:1087.66
1611:1101.43
1585:1116.65
1559:1130.75
1461:dynamite
1438:glycerol
1418:glycerin
1322:oxidized
1266:reaction
1222:ethylene
1083:Related
924:NFPA 704
787:Hazards
707:10 Pa·s
659:Miscible
303:13835235
181:107-21-1
7385:Kerogen
7272:Related
7215:Glycine
7168:Propyne
7127:Ammonia
7025:Benzene
7020:Acetone
7012:or more
6983:Propene
6968:Ethanol
6858:Propyne
6677:Methane
6546:Ketenyl
6496:Ammonia
5962:Redline
5846:Muffler
5747:Battery
5671:Magneto
5212:epoxide
5104:Sterols
4973:Menthol
4953:Borneol
4909:Isomalt
4865:Fucitol
4792:Xylitol
4782:Ribitol
4623:Octanol
4618:Nonanol
4603:Decanol
4464:Xylitol
4321:Ethanol
3829:(ceryl)
3652:Ethanol
3599:Butanol
3554:Ethanol
3471:Ethanol
3416:Primary
3377:Ethanol
3310:Ethanol
3147:ToxFAQs
3087:30 June
2952:4310228
2922:Bibcode
2784:LC Glad
2310:Bibcode
2215:"#0272"
1856:tower.
1823:(TEG).
1782:In the
1689:1058.5
1487:chiller
1479:coolant
1440:in the
1268:can be
1155:what is
1153: (
856:Warning
740:entropy
622:Density
398:PubChem
248:505945
7436:Tholin
7257:Pyrene
6702:Silane
6672:Ketene
6174:Oxygen
5985:Portal
5773:Airbox
5752:Dynamo
5479:Piston
5469:Stroke
5448:layout
5376:series
5221:alkene
5039:Phytol
4832:Iditol
4064:Prenol
3235:
2950:
2914:Nature
2884:
2823:
2762:
2713:
2688:
2618:glycol
2612:glycol
2568:
2524:
2458:
2397:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2328:
2185:
1792:resins
1698:0.263
1692:2.742
1672:0.261
1640:2.562
1620:0.256
1614:2.474
1594:0.249
1588:2.382
1568:0.242
1562:2.294
1293:, and
1150:verify
1147:
1062:(SDS)
683:-1.69
596:62.068
540:SMILES
372:C01380
274:ChEMBL
223:B00278
215:3DMet
103:Names
44:Glycol
7422:(PAH)
7010:atoms
6945:atoms
6885:atoms
6883:Eight
6813:atoms
6811:Seven
6719:atoms
6613:atoms
6483:atoms
6471:Water
6401:Ozone
6343:(HNC)
6337:(HCN)
5945:Other
5569:Valve
5539:Chest
4978:Nerol
2948:S2CID
2910:(PDF)
2546:(PDF)
2416:(PDF)
2361:eISSN
2326:S2CID
2096:Notes
2070:Noida
2001:toxic
1989:taste
1704:22.4
1678:32.4
1666:2.65
1646:0.26
1499:fluid
1367:Henan
1316:) to
1302:Shell
1278:bases
1274:acids
1264:This
1248:O + H
1230:water
1085:diols
1054:None
1028:None
1012:NIOSH
505:InChI
462:3082
254:ChEBI
194:JSmol
42:, or
6943:Nine
6611:Five
6521:HCCN
6481:Four
6441:SiNC
5927:Sump
5444:bank
5405:Bore
5166:tert
4276:tert
4268:tert
4260:tert
3420:(1°)
3339:tert
3331:tert
3233:PMID
3173:2014
3089:2016
3063:2012
2979:2009
2882:ISBN
2821:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2731:link
2711:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2566:PMID
2522:ISBN
2437:link
2395:ISBN
2377:PMID
2369:ISSN
2183:ISBN
2036:and
1802:for
1686:100
1600:204
1574:615
1468:Uses
1048:IDLH
916:P501
912:P330
908:P314
904:P302
896:P270
892:P264
888:P260
874:H373
870:H302
703:1.61
676:log
612:Odor
547:OCCO
438:UNII
383:MeSH
363:KEGG
357:943
236:MEG
7234:NCO
7134:ion
7041:, C
7008:Ten
6717:Six
6623:ion
5912:Oil
5501:and
5386:and
5286:of
5219:of
5210:of
5191:of
4712:— C
3936:— C
3861:— C
3784:— C
3706:— C
3637:— C
3225:doi
3008:at
2938:hdl
2930:doi
2918:353
2874:doi
2851:doi
2752:doi
2558:doi
2554:123
2484:142
2353:doi
2318:doi
2306:571
2175:doi
2032:in
1942:of
1920:in
1660:80
1652:51
1634:60
1626:93
1608:40
1582:20
1489:or
1424:of
1312:(CO
1304:'s
1276:or
1260:−OH
1194:OH)
1190:(CH
1184:(a
1035:REL
1022:PEL
818:GHS
775:298
748:298
474:EPA
411:174
401:CID
7509::
7051:70
7043:60
7039:60
7037:(C
6762:HC
5933:,
5446:,
4844:(C
4834:(C
4824:(C
4814:(C
4804:(C
4794:(C
4784:(C
4774:(C
4764:(C
4754:(C
4744:(C
4734:(C
4724:(C
4490:(C
4480:(C
4476:,
4466:(C
4456:(C
4452:,
4442:(C
4438:,
4428:(C
4365:16
4363:(C
4353:(C
4343:(C
4333:(C
4323:(C
4313:(C
3938:49
3934:40
3863:39
3859:30
3786:29
3782:20
3708:19
3704:10
3231:.
3221:41
3219:.
3163:.
3145:.
3125:.
3105:.
2946:.
2936:.
2928:.
2916:.
2912:.
2880:.
2847:43
2800:.
2758:.
2727:}}
2723:{{
2654:.
2639:49
2637:,
2596:43
2594:.
2564:.
2552:.
2548:.
2433:}}
2429:{{
2375:.
2367:.
2359:.
2349:41
2347:.
2324:.
2316:.
2304:.
2278:.
2254:.
2235:.
2217:.
2197:^
2181:.
2169:.
1984:Lo
1982:LD
1950:.
1794:.
1556:0
1381:.
1324:.
1289:,
1282:pH
1256:CH
1236::
914:,
910:,
906:,
902:,
898:,
894:,
890:,
872:,
822::
767:(Δ
38:,
34:,
7241:5
7232:2
7230:H
7177:D
7175:2
7173:N
7049:C
6766:N
6764:4
6386:H
6384:2
6382:N
6024:e
6017:t
6010:v
5937:)
5929:(
5450:)
5442:(
5355:e
5348:t
5341:v
4848:)
4846:7
4838:)
4836:6
4828:)
4826:6
4818:)
4816:6
4808:)
4806:6
4798:)
4796:5
4788:)
4786:5
4778:)
4776:5
4768:)
4766:4
4758:)
4756:4
4748:)
4746:3
4738:)
4736:2
4728:)
4726:1
4714:7
4710:1
4708:C
4494:)
4492:7
4484:)
4482:6
4470:)
4468:5
4460:)
4458:4
4446:)
4444:3
4432:)
4430:2
4367:)
4357:)
4355:5
4347:)
4345:4
4337:)
4335:3
4327:)
4325:2
4317:)
4315:1
3932:C
3857:C
3780:C
3702:C
3639:9
3635:1
3633:C
3618:n
3577:N
3569:N
3567:,
3565:N
3267:e
3260:t
3253:v
3239:.
3227::
3175:.
3091:.
3065:.
2981:.
2954:.
2940::
2932::
2924::
2907:"
2905:2
2890:.
2876::
2857:.
2853::
2829:.
2768:.
2754::
2733:)
2719:.
2694:.
2669:.
2572:.
2560::
2530:.
2503:.
2490:.
2469:.
2439:)
2425:.
2401:.
2383:.
2355::
2332:.
2320::
2312::
2289:.
2264:.
2239:.
2191:.
2177::
2151:.
2137:.
1405:2
1403:I
1401:4
1399:H
1397:2
1395:C
1342:1
1337:C
1314:2
1258:2
1254:2
1250:2
1246:4
1244:H
1242:2
1240:C
1196:2
1192:2
1176:(
1145:N
965:0
958:1
951:2
777:)
772:H
769:f
750:)
745:S
743:(
726:)
724:C
722:(
705:×
678:P
584:2
581:O
578:6
575:H
572:2
569:C
476:)
472:(
196:)
46:.
20:)
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