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400 million years ago. While amphibians continued to feed on fish and later insects, reptiles began exploring two new food types, other tetrapods (carnivory), and later, plants (herbivory). Carnivory was a natural transition from insectivory for medium and large tetrapods, requiring minimal
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The evolution of feeding is varied with some feeding strategies evolving several times in independent lineages. In terrestrial vertebrates, the earliest forms were large amphibious
1232:
1100:: appetite for largely non-nutritive substances, e.g. clay or hair, sometimes in pregnancy or in pathological states, typically a medical or veterinary concern.
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is a term for intermediate degrees of selectivity, referring to animals that eat a relatively small range of foods, either because of preference or necessity.
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An opportunistic feeder sustains itself from a number of different food sources, because the species is behaviourally sufficiently flexible.
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adaptation (in contrast, a complex set of adaptations was necessary for feeding on highly fibrous plant materials).
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562:: A form of food procurement in which food particles or small organisms are randomly strained from water.
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is the habit in an animal species, of eating and tolerating a relatively wide variety of foods, whereas
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Johns, Timothy: The
Origins of Human Diet and Medicine -- CHEMICAL ECOLOGY. ISBN 0-8165-1023-7, p. 5
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The specialization of organisms towards specific food sources is one of the major causes of
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Another classification refers to the specific food animals specialize in eating, such as:
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923:: the eating of both plants, animals, fungi, bacteria etc. The term means "all-eater".
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1200:"Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica"
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627:"Polyphagy" redirects here. For increased appetite as a medical symptom, see
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1088:: eating wood, typically a pathological condition in some domestic animals
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272:, meaning "to devour", or -phage, -phagy, or -phagous from Greek φαγεῖν (
162:
146:
17:
612:: one cell pierces another using a feeding tube, and sucks out cytoplasm
446:
and other appendages, for apprehending or killing (including fingers in
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153:) from a human (note the droplet of plasma being expelled as a waste)
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is the intolerance of every food except for one specific type (see
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There are also several unusual feeding behaviours, either normal,
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There are many modes of feeding that animals exhibit, including:
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618:: engulfing food matter into living cells, where it is digested
606:: excreting digesting enzymes and then reabsorbing the products
581:
Bulk feeding: obtaining nutrients by eating all of an organism.
826:
483:
298:
28:
273:
1154:
behaviours in which they store or hide food for later use.
578:: obtaining nutrients by consuming other organisms' fluids
1198:
Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. & Falcon-Lang, H.J. (2010).
794:
Teuthophagore: eating mainly squid and other cephalopods
570:: obtaining nutrients from particles suspended in soil
1082:: act of stealing chemical compounds for consumption
1618:
1542:
1521:
1458:
1414:
1378:
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853:: eating flower tissue prior to seed coat formation
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1058:: feeding on parts of one's own body (see also
1271:
962:The eating of non-living or decaying matter:
695:
256:is the process by which organisms, typically
8:
1231:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1112:: eating food regurgitated by another animal
457:, disguise, setting up traps for preys, etc.
518:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
333:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1299:
1278:
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593:: ingesting prey via the fluids around it.
137:Circular dendrogram of feeding behaviours
1014:: feeding on members of the same species
538:Learn how and when to remove this message
353:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1181:, the physiological behaviors of feeding
748:, or snakes eating their own skin after
453:Changes in body colour for facilitating
1190:
1224:
1174:List of abnormal behaviours in animals
1039:: the embryo/foetus eats sibling eggs
7:
803:Zooplanktonivore: eating zooplankton
516:adding citations to reliable sources
331:adding citations to reliable sources
268:-vore, -vory, or -vorous from Latin
264:. Terminology often uses either the
57:adding citations to reliable sources
1076:: stealing food from another animal
744:-based material, such as wool by
25:
1045:: the foetus eats sibling embryos
643:generalist and specialist species
1449:
993:: eating decaying organic matter
488:
303:
33:
369:of form and function, such as:
44:needs additional citations for
464:system, such as the system of
193:, shown here having grabbed a
1:
1134:to treat and prevent disease.
975:: eating decomposing material
817:: eating plant and/or insect
719:: eating ants and/or termites
694:: eating eggs (but also see "
1007:, or pathological, such as:
396:, predatory animals such as
274:
68:"List of feeding behaviours"
912:Phytoplanktonivore: eating
662:Araneophagy: eating spiders
1839:
1068:: cannibalism after mating
926:By amount of meat in diet
626:
1797:Category:Eating behaviors
1772:
1447:
1169:Dinosaur diet and feeding
1164:Consumer-resource systems
1020:: the practice of eating
1028:Intrauterine cannibalism
981:: eating inorganic earth
958:: the eating of bacteria
839:: eating tree sap or gum
785:Anurophagy: eating frogs
696:Intrauterine cannibalism
659:: the eating of animals
604:Extra-cellular digestion
295:Evolutionary adaptations
1777:Antipredator adaptation
811:: the eating of plants
705:Haematophage/Sanguivore
1094:: eating young animals
952:: the eating of fungus
250:
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219:primarily drink nectar
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1146:Some animals exhibit
278:), meaning "to eat".
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944:: less than 30% meat
932:: more than 70% meat
758:: eating fish scales
598:By mode of digestion
551:By mode of ingestion
512:improve this section
327:improve this section
282:Evolutionary history
165:eating a mouse whole
53:improve this article
1792:Carnivorous protist
1646:Intraguild predator
1179:Ingestive behaviors
1080:Kleptopharmacophagy
1787:Carnivorous fungus
1437:Sexual cannibalism
1422:Animal cannibalism
1287:Feeding behaviours
1142:Storage behaviours
1066:Sexual cannibalism
1051:Filial cannibalism
407:Distinct forms of
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242:Myrmicaria brunnea
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1782:Carnivorous plant
1658:Aquatic predation
1445:
1444:
1427:Human cannibalism
1213:(12): 1079–1082.
1106:: eating placenta
764:: eating molluscs
713:: eating insects
688:bearing organisms
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16:(Redirected from
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1818:Eating behaviors
1651:Pursuit predator
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1432:Self-cannibalism
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1116:Zoopharmacognosy
1074:Kleptoparasitism
1056:Self-cannibalism
999:: eating carrion
865:: eating grasses
791:: eating sponges
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1120:self-medication
969:: eating faeces
883:: eating pollen
877:: eating nectar
859:: eating fruits
847:: eating leaves
776:: eating snakes
698:" below), also
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591:suction feeding
568:Deposit feeding
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468:of herbivores,
460:Changes in the
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1734:Hypercarnivore
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1693:Feeding frenzy
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987:: eating bones
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930:Hypercarnivore
924:
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871:: eating seeds
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800:: eating worms
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770:: eating mucus
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707:: eating blood
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674:: eating coral
669:
668:: eating birds
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560:Filter feeding
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480:Classification
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231:filter feeding
206:American robin
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1744:Mesocarnivore
1742:
1740:
1739:Hypocarnivore
1737:
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1722:
1721:
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1711:
1708:
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1698:Filter feeder
1696:
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1688:Bottom feeder
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1636:Apex predator
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1452:
1438:
1435:
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1428:
1425:
1423:
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1419:
1417:
1415:cannibalistic
1413:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Breastfeeding
1399:
1397:
1396:Placentophagy
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1315:Egg predation
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1117:
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1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:Placentophagy
1102:
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1038:
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1019:
1018:Anthropophagy
1016:
1015:
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1010:
1009:
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1005:opportunistic
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983:
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948:
943:
942:Hypocarnivore
940:
938:: 30–70% meat
937:
936:Mesocarnivore
934:
931:
928:
927:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:phytoplankton
911:
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904:
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893:
889:: eating wood
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799:
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790:
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784:
782:: eating fish
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729:invertebrates
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576:Fluid feeding
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497:This section
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312:This section
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70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1764:Trophallaxis
1668:Pivot feeder
1663:Lunge feeder
1641:Egg predator
1529:Phagocytosis
1379:reproductive
1350:Myrmecophagy
1340:Molluscivore
1286:
1241:
1227:cite journal
1210:
1206:
1193:
1145:
1137:
1110:Trophallaxis
1002:
961:
762:Molluscivore
746:cloths moths
717:Myrmecophage
692:Egg predator
682:hard-shelled
651:
633:
623:By food type
616:Phagocytosis
554:
534:
528:October 2017
525:
510:Please help
498:
470:commensalism
442:Specialized
429:hummingbirds
386:vampire bats
364:
349:
343:October 2017
340:
325:Please help
313:
285:
269:
253:
252:
240:
217:Hummingbirds
177:eating grass
175:red kangaroo
130:
115:
109:October 2017
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
1585:Planktivore
1570:Detritivore
1565:Coprophagia
1555:Bacterivore
1550:Microbivory
1534:Myzocytosis
1493:Nectarivore
1483:Graminivore
1330:Lepidophagy
1325:Insectivore
1320:Hematophagy
1086:Lignophagia
1043:Embryophagy
1012:Cannibalism
973:Detritivore
956:Bacterivore
875:Nectarivore
863:Graminivore
815:Exudativore
756:Lepidophagy
738:Ceratophagy
734:Keratophagy
725:Invertivore
711:Insectivore
686:exoskeleton
672:Corallivore
610:Myzocytosis
587:Ram feeding
437:Kingfishers
421:woodpeckers
245:feeding on
195:leaf beetle
191:insectivore
151:hematophagy
1812:Categories
1749:Parasitism
1683:Bait balls
1673:Ram feeder
1605:Plastivore
1600:Lithotroph
1590:Saprophagy
1513:Osteophagy
1503:Palynivore
1460:Herbivores
1391:Paedophagy
1365:Spongivore
1355:Ophiophagy
1295:Carnivores
1186:References
1122:by eating
1092:Paedophagy
991:Saprophage
985:Osteophage
967:Coprophage
907:microalgae
903:macroalgae
881:Palynivore
789:Spongivore
774:Ophiophagy
647:Oligophagy
629:polyphagia
455:camouflage
376:parts and
288:piscivores
79:newspapers
1754:Scavenger
1626:Predation
1595:Xenophagy
1575:Geophagia
1560:Fungivore
1508:Xylophagy
1498:Mellivory
1478:Frugivore
1473:Florivore
1370:Vermivore
1360:Piscivore
1345:Mucophagy
1335:Man-eater
1060:autophagy
997:Scavenger
979:Geophagia
950:Fungivore
897:: eating
887:Xylophage
869:Granivore
857:Frugivore
851:Florivore
837:Gummivore
809:Herbivore
798:Vermivore
780:Piscivore
768:Mucophagy
740:: eating
727:: eating
680:: eating
678:Durophagy
657:Carnivore
639:monophagy
635:Polyphagy
499:does not
474:symbiosis
462:digestive
394:mosquitos
367:evolution
314:does not
260:, obtain
187:robberfly
18:Monophagy
1823:Ethology
1705:Browsing
1580:Omnivore
1522:Cellular
1468:Folivore
1158:See also
1148:hoarding
1037:Ovophagy
921:Omnivore
895:Algivore
845:Folivore
833:, etc.)
819:exudates
466:stomachs
448:primates
425:pelicans
266:suffixes
249:crystals
163:rosy boa
147:mosquito
1720:Grazing
1619:Methods
1406:Weaning
1386:Oophagy
1310:Avivore
1207:Geology
1152:caching
1132:insects
1033:Oophagy
750:ecdysis
742:keratin
700:Ovivore
666:Avivore
520:removed
505:sources
433:parrots
398:felines
390:leeches
335:removed
320:sources
275:phagein
258:animals
254:Feeding
93:scholar
1725:Forage
1715:Fodder
1543:Others
1130:, and
1124:plants
901:(both
439:, etc.
404:, etc.
402:fishes
382:whales
270:vorare
189:is an
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
1303:adult
1252:Notes
1203:(PDF)
1128:soils
1024:flesh
1022:human
899:algae
444:claws
417:hawks
413:birds
409:beaks
378:teeth
374:Mouth
247:sugar
229:krill
100:JSTOR
86:books
1610:Pica
1233:link
1150:and
1098:Pica
905:and
831:lerp
589:and
503:any
501:cite
472:and
400:and
318:any
316:cite
262:food
185:The
72:news
1215:doi
1035:or
827:sap
823:gum
736:or
684:or
645:).
514:by
411:in
329:by
204:An
55:by
1814::
1229:}}
1225:{{
1211:38
1209:.
1205:.
1126:,
1118::
909:)
829:,
825:,
435:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
392:,
388:,
384:,
239:A
227:A
173:A
161:A
145:A
1279:e
1272:t
1265:v
1235:)
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