827:
614:
734:"the salvation of the Manx people, like that of the language, lies with themselves. At present things look rather black for both of these; but personally I believe in them both: I believe that the Manx people will yet work out their economic solution, & that sometime sooner or later, they will awake to the beauty of their neglected language, & turn to it again with a rush of appreciation & true national feeling. Till then I am content to wait, & work as best I can for
743:
388:
120:
817:
33:
1002:
1125:
276:, whom she later described as "the strongest influences in determining the trend of my subsequent literary work. I have no adequate words to express my grateful consciousness of the help and guidance given to me in my formative years by these three good friends." Sophia Morrison was responsible for setting Douglas on the task of collecting folklore, song, music and dance:
176:
862:("Manxman"). The first edition was published in May 1972 and ranged over a wide field of cultural interests, including Manx theatre, art, crafts, literature, poetry (in English & Gaelic), folklore, banking, farming, fishing, genealogy and conservation. Contributors to this and subsequent editions included a number of important Manx figures of the day, including
800:"He realised that the secret magic of heredity had stirred within him evoking a fragment of that racial past of which our transitory lives are built, which dwells ever invisibly within us, hidden in the intertices of time and space save when some rare combination of mood and circumstance restores it to a fleeting renewal of consciousness in living experience."
667:
341:: a memorial sonnet to the poet of Manxland.' P. W. Caine reviewed the collection, commenting that: "This little book of lyrics is full of beauty and charm. The sound of the sea, the scent of gorse and the silence of the mountains pervade it." Her poem, 'Two Twilights', illustrates both the style of her verse and also the mystical tone that pervades it:
651:"I am pleased that the English Folk Dance Society finds them interesting, and grateful for the help and encouragement given me by certain of its members, but the main point of my work will have been missed unless the Manx themselves claim and use their heritage of national dance, which is as truly a part of national culture as its music or history."
1107:
through Yn
Chruinnaght. Douglas' "extraordinary stamina" was all the more remarkable in that she was forced to work "tirelessly against the tide of public opinion which saw little value in what she was doing." Douglas' resilience can perhaps be attributed to her basic love of the Isle of Man, as she expressed in many ways during her life:
659:("the Youth of Mann") in 1931. The group held weekly after-school meetings at Albert Road School in Ramsey, "for the study of Celtic literature and Manx traditional dance," as well as for the learning of Manx Gaelic and involvement in other Manx cultural and environmental activities. By 1934 the organisation had adopted the motto,
280:" when she found the kind of life I was living she started me collecting, putting things down. She didn't call it collecting then. She said, 'You know, you ought to write down some of these things that people tell you and sing to you.' And she gave me a little notebook in which I started to write things down and I still have."
1111:"But behind all the rest, for me, is always the beauty and mystery and glory of our own Sacred Island, Ellan Vannin in the heart which is for ever our Mother and Queen to be adored and served, the ideal to be kept inviolate for those who shall follow us, and so handed on: our inspiration, and our ultimate rest –
413:. Then aged only 18, the notice of Douglas' appointment stated that: "Miss Douglas is still very young, but the achievement of her youth is already such as to give the most glowing promise Miss Douglas has leisure, she has enthusiasm, and those who are acquainted with her are confident that she has judgment."
792:, her only short story collection, was published in 1944 with Giovannelli as the dedicatee. Some of the stories in this collection were re-writes of her plays published in 1921. The heavy influence of Celtic Mysticism on some of these stories can be seen in 'A Son Comes Home', later to be reproduced in
787:
was published in 1943. In the foreword to the book
Douglas explained that the title referred to "a place of being known to all mystics and spoken of, though by different names, in all the sacred books of the world: that region of ecstasy on the brink of the final, formless Deep which is the source of
441:
made a large and lasting impact on her: "my association with a number of national personalities convinced me firmly that the goal of nationalists in all the Celtic countries should be, eventually, an independent federation of the Celtic States." This Pan-Celtic fervour emerged in her third collection
195:
Music was a central part of
Douglas' upbringing, most notably through the musical evenings which took place at her parents' house when she visited them. Both of her parents were musical: her father played the violin and flute, and her mother played the piano and sang; and they were both members of a
183:
Because of ill health, Douglas was sent to live with her maternal grandparents, Ellen "Nell" Quayle and
Patrick "Pat" Holmes (listed as Thomas in the 1901 Census) when only a matter of months old. Her grandmother would influence her greatly through her knowledge of Manx folklore, song and dance. Her
143:
and is acknowledged as the most influential Manx poet of the 20th century, but she is best known for her often controversial work to preserve and revive traditional Manx folk music and dance. She was involved in a great number of initiatives to revive interest and activity in Manx culture, including
939:
Manx
Festival") and in collaboration with the Ellynyn ny Gael ("Arts of the Gaels") organisation, this was a one-day Manx Gaelic culture event held on 1 September. The following year it expanded into a five-day inter-Celtic festival, giving an opportunity for the six Celtic nations of the Isle
232:"We knew little of folksong, but the Manx National Songs were often sung and played, and it was about this time, I think, that I first became conscious of my Manx nationality, and felt the first stirrings of that passionate love for the Island and all things Manx which has been with me ever since."
834:
After retiring from her job as rural librarian at the age of 65, Douglas joined the staff of the Isle of Man Times as a reporter and feature-writer in 1963. Her writings for the Manx newspapers focussed on Manx culture and history and these articles were brought together in a series of five books:
632:
the following summer. Douglas reported that, "The Ramsey schoolboy and his wonderful dance were the sensation of the
Festival, and received special notices in all the big London papers." Children from the school were also invited to perform other Manx dances at the festival in the following years.
519:
dialect and were generally rural-based comic plays. Upon seeing the first of these plays in 1916, Sophia
Morrison had explained to a friend that: "Miss Douglas' idea is to shew the inherent mysticism of the people, & the strange mingling of the old faith & the new which one finds among the
646:
Controversy surrounds the authenticity of
Douglas' folk collecting, particularly of folk song and dance. Although there is no doubt that she did much collecting, there is also little doubt that she invented or herself composed much of this material. Douglas' fabrication of much material is partly
772:. After Giovannelli's eventual release from internment, he and Douglas ran an experimental upland farm at the Clarum, close to Douglas' parents' farm. After six years of operation, the farm had to be sold to meet rising debts in 1949. This part of their lives was recorded in Giovannelli's books,
636:
Inspired by this success, Douglas then set about collecting, "re-building" and "re-constructing" all she could of Manx folk dance. Again in collaboration with Arnold Foster, Douglas published two volumes of Manx dances, in 1936 and 1953. The twelve "virile and characteristic dances" collected in
364:
lessons, writing by the end of
November that "I am still keeping up my efforts to learn & go over to Kennish's nearly every week for a 'lesson'. It is slow work, but someday I hope to acquire a perfect mastery – at any rate that is my aim." She did become fluent in Manx, coming to teach and
1106:
Although
Douglas is recognised as the "most influential" Manx poet of the 20th century, interest in her writings has waned since her death. Today she is best remembered for her work to reinvigorate and reignite interest in Manx culture, particularly with regards to Manx music and dance, such as
574:
in 1928. This was to be the first of three such publications, the others appearing in 1929 and 1957, each containing twelve songs. Further to the 36 songs published in these collections, a number of further songs remained unpublished during her lifetime. However, from the total of 46 songs that
196:
choral society. On Sunday evenings, from when Douglas was six years old, a number of other cultured people from the community would gather at their house "for poetry readings, discussion and music". Through this she gained a knowledge of "the great English and American poets" and the music of
168:). She was the daughter of Manx parents, Frank Beardman Douglas (1863–1943) and Frances Mona (née Holmes - born London, Ontario, Canada of Manx parents) (1873–1953). Her parents had left the Isle of Man to find work in England, eventually setting up a bakery and confectioners in
984:
Just before Christmas 1986 Douglas fell and broke her leg but, in spite of her friends' urgings, she refused to move from her remote cottage. However, within months she had to return to Noble's Hospital, where she died peacefully on 8 October 1987 at the age of 89. She was
703:
The organisation had significant success in establishing and raising the profile of Manx folk dance, most notably through appearances on Irish television and radio. However, after periodic lulls of interest, the organisation petered out some time after 1976.
882:
is intended to provide a channel for the expression of Manx cultural interests in various fields, especially for original work in the arts in the Manx tradition; and it is hoped that it may come to be regarded as a not unworthy successor to such journals as
647:
explained by her ultimate aim being to repopularise Manx culture rather than its mere preservation. This is one of the key themes and successes of Douglas' life and work, as expressed in her reaction to the reception of these early dance reconstructions:
964:
in Scotland. The festival is still going strong today and attracts large attendances annually from across the Celtic nations and beyond. It has been described as the "climax" of the second wave of the Manx cultural revival between 1920 and 1980.
192:, where she received a very free and informal upbringing: "I never went to school and I used to just go round Ballaragh with the farmers and down to Laxey and went out in the boats with the fishermen, and wandering about pretty well as I liked."
1091:, Breesha Maddrell, Clare Kilgallon, Dave Kilgallon, Dave Mclean, Greg Joughin and Mandy Griffin. Two of Douglas' previously unpublished plays were also released in 2017, having been discovered within the archive of Manx dialect plays held by
520:
older people, & those who live up among the hills – they use Christianity vaguely as a sort of charm, while really possessing a strong belief in the old fairy powers!" By 1924 all of the plays had all been produced "with great acceptance."
337:, published under a London imprint of Erskine Macdonald in 1915. Some of this collection of 26 poems had been written when she was only fourteen. Besides the numerous poems depicting the Manx landscape and sea, one notable poem was entitled '
1011:
The estimation of Douglas at the end of her life was immediately shown through a series of memorial services and concerts that followed in the months after her death. This was followed in 1988 with the posthumous awarding of the
422:, to which she contributed a poem of her own in memory of Morrison. Douglas had earlier contributed folklore notes to previous editions of the journal, including her first published piece on folklore.
1038:
Library at her death. These were an unsorted and uncatalogued collection of "everything from bank statements and bills to original manuscripts and unpublished works," until Autumn 2003 when a
606:. However, Douglas was able to pull together various notes on Manx dance into a form fit to be presented to the Society. Through the assistance of teachers and pupils at Albert Road School in
768:, enabling them to be utilised for work in local Manx farms. Posted to the Douglas' family farm at Ballaragh were a party of Italians from a camp on the promenade at Douglas, amongst them
139:(18 September 1898 – 8 October 1987) was a Manx cultural activist, folklorist, poet, novelist and journalist. She is recognised as the main driving force behind the modern revival of
920:, which follows an American woman who returns to the Manx home of her great-father and reconnects with the Celtic spirit of the country and its people. Both books display Douglas'
780:(1969). By this time Douglas' father had died and when her mother also passed on, in 1953, she inherited 'Thie ny Garee', and she would later expand this to also run the Clarum.
602:
held its Easter Vacation School on the Isle of Man. Assuming that no Manx folk dance had survived into the modern day, the Society asked Douglas instead to talk to them on local
2195:
575:
Douglas claimed to have collected, it has been comprehensively argued that 21 of these were "composed songs of one sort or another" that originated with Douglas herself.
643:
and the incomplete notes on some others amounted to 29 dances in total. These Douglas considered to be the sum total of "all the surviving Manx traditional dances."
249:). She took up writing poetry at this age, commenting later that "soon I began to spend my pennies on pencils and exercise-books instead of sweets and ice-cream."
1072:
In 2012, the 25th anniversary of Douglas' death was marked with a series of events on the Isle of Man, including a special concert of songs and dances held in
624:
The dances proved to be a great success, resulting in an invitation for one of the boys, Billy Caine, to perform the subsequently controversial Manx
2355:
2163:
730:
This and other of Douglas' efforts demonstrate her belief that Manx Gaelic was a central part of Manx culture that needed to be revitalised:
708:
610:, Douglas was able to have three of these reconstructed dances performed: 'The Manx Dirk Dance', 'Hyndaa yn Bwoailley' and 'Eunyssagh Vona'.
599:
556:
322:
for two years whilst at the same time taking private lessons in violin, piano, singing and music theory from people associated with the
1042:
grant enabled Dr Breesha Maddrell "to sift through them, collate them and then make a detailed assessment of their value and content."
2385:
2360:
1927:
714:
Following proposals made in the 1934 annual meeting of The Manx Society, Douglas published a series of weekly Manx lessons in the
284:
Douglas also began to publish her poetry at this time, submitting poems to and often winning competitions in publications such as
2380:
874:, Constance Radcliffe and Nancy Gaffikin. Douglas made her intention for the journal clear in her preface to the first edition:
912:, illustrated by Paul Austwick. The novel was set in the 1790s and formed a fictional background to the well-known Manx song,
1276:
1258:
2365:
2179:
245:
957:
2050:
1946:"Completed and Restored to Use": Revival and Dissemination of Manx Folklore and Tradition During the Twentieth Century
1852:"Completed and Restored to Use": Revival and Dissemination of Manx Folklore and Tradition During the Twentieth Century
1812:"Completed and Restored to Use": Revival and Dissemination of Manx Folklore and Tradition During the Twentieth Century
1747:"Completed and Restored to Use": Revival and Dissemination of Manx Folklore and Tradition During the Twentieth Century
1313:
969:
769:
746:
132:
976:. This was followed in 1987 with the honour of White Druidic Order, the highest award that the Gorsedd could bestow.
1907:
446:, published in 1919. The poem placed first in that collection showed clearly Douglas' "open sympathy" for the Irish
2370:
1317:
973:
826:
140:
2223:
2335:
2284:"Completed and Restored to Use": Revival and dissemination of Manx Folklore and Tradition during the 20th Century
2276:
Restoring to use our almost forgotten dances": Writings on the Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Dance and Song
1034:
In recognition of their lasting national importance, Douglas' papers had been deposited with the archives of the
474:
396:
707:
Following Douglas' training as a librarian while in Dublin in 1921, she was appointed Rural Librarian under the
406:, in January 1917, Douglas was elected Secretary of the leading cultural body of the Isle of Man at that time,
319:
32:
372:, was published in 1917. This collection of 40 poems derived its name from the Manx for driftwood or jetsam –
240:
aged four, obtained a public library ticket aged five and received her first collection of poetry aged seven (
1980:
1846:
1088:
1054:
2243:
2094:
376:. In recognition of Douglas' poetry up to this point she was invested as a Bard of the Third Degree in the
1330:
1035:
1013:
1005:
765:
533:
494:
490:
434:
323:
241:
237:
135:
2004:
949:
764:. After a short time the rules of detention were relaxed for those internees who posed no threat to the
477:, who she had probably met at the Celtic Congress four years earlier. Whilst staying with O'Farrelly in
201:
2302:
2291:
2265:
1444:
613:
2124:"Restoring to use our almost-forgotten dances": The collection and revival of Manx folk song and dance
2038:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1961:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1924:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1883:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1797:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1759:
1687:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1656:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1585:"Restoring to Use Our Almost-Forgotten Dances": The Collection and Revival of Manx Folk Song and Dance
1025:"Restoring to use our almost-forgotten dances": The collection and revival of Manx folk song and dance
2345:
2340:
1728:
1028:
990:
253:
547:
In London Douglas worked for around three years as a freelance journalist and even for a time for a
2375:
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2330:
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2122:
2037:
1960:
1882:
1796:
1686:
1655:
1584:
1092:
936:
607:
498:
407:
338:
296:
286:
416:
In the wake of Morrison's death, Douglas also stepped in to edit the final edition of the journal
2252:
921:
559:, contributing tunes, songs and commentaries to A. G. Gilchrist's three volumes of the Society's
1684:
Sophia Morrison's letter to G. W. Wood, 15 September 1916, quoted in 'The Fairy Tune (1916)' in
333:
Whilst in England, at the age of sixteen, Douglas had her first collection of poetry published;
144:
societies, classes, publications and youth groups. The most notable and successful of these was
1057:
to celebrate works of fiction associated with the Isle of Man. Other writers featured included
2312:
2258:
1272:
1254:
1076:
and recorded for subsequent release on DVD and CD, and a talk on her life and work in Ramsey.
1073:
742:
629:
571:
515:. Douglas' plays, 'The Faery Tune', 'The Lips of the Sea' and 'Churning', were written in the
318:
By May 1915 Douglas had moved back to her parents in Birkenhead. From here she studied at the
2282:
1945:
1851:
1811:
1746:
1699:
493:, which was to open in 1922. However no such job materialised. Whilst in Dublin, Douglas met
1637:
1629:
1613:
1597:
1566:
885:
863:
639:
567:
482:
417:
1534:
1027:
edited by Stephen Miller in 2004, the extended proceedings of a one-day conference held in
905:, a lighter publication, which Douglas edited for thirteen editions between 1971 and 1978.
1931:
1307:
1087:
featured many leading contemporary Manx musicians, including Aalin Clague, Annie Kissack,
1058:
901:
to go beyond three editions, the last of which was published in 1973. More successful was
552:
486:
430:
403:
302:
265:
2287:
ed. Stephen Miller – extended Mona Douglas seminar papers, available from Chiollagh Books
1922:
1367:
2142:
on The Manx Heritage Foundation website, www.manxheritage.org (accessed 1 December 2013)
2110:
1103:, were published to coincide with the 30th anniversary of her death on 8 October 2017.
1080:
1039:
1001:
961:
932:
867:
656:
583:
579:
469:
Douglas' avid interest in the Celtic Movement in Ireland was deepened when she visited
273:
269:
145:
119:
387:
2324:
2211:
871:
548:
537:
502:
447:
438:
361:
2139:
1582:
Letter to Sophia Morrison, 29 November 1916, quoted in 'Learning Manx (1915-16)' in
816:
2127:
edited by Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004 (accessed 29 November 2013)
1445:'Of Demolition and Reconstruction: A Comparative Reading of Manx Cultural Revivals'
1066:
753:
516:
156:
Constance Mona Douglas (Connie) was born on 18 September 1898 at 49 Allerton Road,
57:
1898:(3rd edition) by R. H. Kinvig, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1975, p. 173
2066:
1864:
1829:
1778:
1550:
1517:
1492:
1469:
928:
proved to be "more controversial and overtly nationalist" than its predecessor.
761:
735:
663:("Children today, a nation tomorrow"), and a song composed for them by Douglas:
330:, she started work in her parents' bakery to replace a man who had gone to war.
327:
307:
98:
74:
1964:
by Mona Douglas, ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, pp. 113–114
1669:'Who is Mona Douglas?' (1) Mona Douglas in praise of the Easter Uprising (1919)
1019:
Numerous recent publications have been made on Douglas' life and work, notably
306:. Her poetry took a stylistic shift in 1908 when she discovered the writing of
1062:
916:("The Sheep Under the Snow"). This was followed in 1981 with Douglas' sequel,
897:
However, there was insufficient interest in such a cultural journal to enable
757:
625:
603:
512:
381:
264:, into the competition. When it won first prize, she came to the attention of
257:
169:
165:
161:
88:
1886:
by Mona Douglas, ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, pp. i–xiv
1124:
986:
948:
to participate. Yn Chruinnaght has since received official recognition from
655:
It was with this revitalisation of Manx culture in mind that Douglas set up
205:
175:
84:
433:. In this capacity she attended the Celtic Congress of 1917, where she met
2083:
A New History of the Isle of Man, Volume V: The Modern Period, 1830 – 1999
2041:
by Mona Douglas, ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p. 117
1690:
by Mona Douglas, ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p. 101
1659:
by Mona Douglas, ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p. iii
1356:
A New History of the Isle of Man, Volume V: The Modern Period, 1830 – 1999
666:
544:. Graves then encouraged Douglas to go to London to broaden her horizons.
2151:
1912:
by Peter Berresford Ellis, Ceredigion (Cymru): Y Lolfa Cyf., 2000, p. 157
1800:
by Mona Douglas, ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p. 82
1588:
by Mona Douglas, ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p. 98
945:
941:
924:– "the life-long passion of Mona Douglas for race, blood and tradition."
511:
was published in 1921, a collection of three plays by Douglas and one by
209:
2057:
ed. Mona Douglas, Douglas: Island Development Co. Ltd., Vol. I, May 1972
2026:
ed. Mona Douglas, Douglas: Island Development Co. Ltd., Vol. I, May 1972
1390:, ed. Dollin Kelly, Douglas: Manx National Heritage, 2006, pp. 157 – 160
718:
newspaper during the spring of 1935. These were printed in book form as
1668:
1324:
1293:
953:
529:
478:
377:
221:
185:
157:
1794:'The Leighton Stowell Book of Manx Dances (1981)' by Mona Douglas, in
1079:
In 2017 a CD/DVD inspired by the work of Mona Douglas was released by
665:
620:
illustrated with an image of the final position of the Manx Dirk Dance
252:
During the holiday periods, Douglas would visit her aunt and uncle in
678:
563:
which were dedicated to Manx music, published between 1924 and 1926.
555:. While in London, Douglas continued to strengthen her ties with the
470:
217:
197:
637:
these volumes, the thirteen new dances that would appear in 1983 in
2109:
edited by Fenella Bazin, Douglas: Manx Heritage Foundation, 1998 (
1921:'A Rallying Song for Aeglagh Vannin' by Mona Douglas (extract) in
1297:
1123:
1000:
825:
815:
741:
612:
225:
213:
189:
174:
2214:
news item on the Culture Vannin website (accessed 5 October 2018)
1865:'Who is Mona Douglas?' (4) 'I was brought up in the Isle of Man'
1750:
ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, pp. 117–154
1470:'Who is Mona Douglas?' (3) 'I was brought up first in Lezayre'
570:, on a set of arrangements of twelve Manx songs, published by
429:, Douglas also became the Secretary of the Manx branch of the
1845:'The Revival ad Reconstruction of Manx Traditional Dance' by
384:, and given the bardic name of 'Mona Manaw' ("Mona of Man").
1855:
ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, pp. 15–28
489:, with the intention of getting a job at the Library of the
310:, who would influence her writing for the rest of her life.
2135:
2133:
808:, was published. The pamphlet was only 19 pages in length.
578:
In 1929 Douglas contributed folklore connected to wells in
473:
in 1921 at the invitation of Professor Agnes O'Farrelly of
352:
Dreaming lies the world, but the reckless sea still moveth,
2224:'Celebrating the Legacy of Mona Douglas in Music and Song'
1880:'Introduction to the Second Edition' by Stephen Miller in
1653:'Introduction to the Second Edition' by Stephen Miller in
1354:'Literature in English since 1900' by Martin Faragher, in
726:
in 1936. Both of these were based on Goodwin's 1901 book,
355:
In the mystic hour of twilight, at the dawning of the day.
1949:
ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p. 151
1896:
The Isle of Man: A Social, Cultural and Political History
1815:
ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p. vii
1420:: Ireland and Mona Douglas' Mannin' by Breesha Maddrell,
1934:
ed. Stephen Miller, Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 2004, p.100
1386:'Douglas, Constance Mona, MBE, RBV' by Fenella Bazin in
1219:
This is Ellan Vannin: a Miscellany of Manx Life and Lore
402:
As a result of the death of Douglas' friend and mentor,
2097:
on the Culture Vannin website (accessed 15 August 2013)
1830:'Who is Mona Douglas?' (7) 'Manx Dances and Manx Youth'
804:
In 1956 Douglas' sixth and final collection of poetry,
346:
Over the wild waves comes the call of the great spaces;
1983:, London: R. Francis Boutle Publishers, 2010, pp.181–2
1943:'Mona Douglas and Her Songs' by George Broderick, in
1779:'Who is Mona Douglas?' (2) An Untitled Talk from 1934
1744:'Mona Douglas and Her Songs' by George Broderick, in
1449:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
1358:, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000, p. 337
1016:
award for outstanding contributions to Manx culture.
2270:, ed. Stephen Miller, available from Chiollagh Books
935:. Under the title of "Feailley Vanninagh Rhumsaa" ("
566:
Douglas collaborated with Arnold Foster, a pupil of
501:, as well as seeing W. B. Yeats whilst visiting the
2085:, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000, p. 4
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1368:'Douglas, (Constance) Mona (1898-1987), folklorist'
112:
104:
94:
80:
63:
42:
23:
2279:ed. Stephen Miller, available from Chiollagh Books
1909:The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism
1271:. Peel: Mansk / Svenska Publishing Company. 1981.
1049:, featured on a Manx stamp. This was as a part of
256:. At the age of nine her visit coincided with the
108:Poetry, songs, folklore, drama, novels, journalism
1977:Manannan's Cloak: An Anthology of Manx Literature
1825:
1823:
1821:
1774:
1772:
1766:by W. Walter Gill, London: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1929
711:in 1933, where she worked for the next 30 years.
2317:ed. Mona Douglas – the journal of Aeglagh Vannin
2019:
2017:
1513:
1511:
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1507:
1505:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
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1459:
1457:
1140:. London: The William Morrison Press, Ltd. 1915.
931:In 1977, Douglas organised the first meeting of
497:, who influenced and encouraged her interest in
349:White breakers leap from a plain of silver-grey—
2230:, 26 September 2012 (accessed 27 December 2013)
2035:'The Secret Island (1943)' by Mona Douglas, in
1440:
1438:
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1430:
1412:
1410:
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1404:
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1400:
1398:
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858:Douglas founded and edited a cultural journal,
2011:on the BBC website (accessed 10 November 2013)
2154:on www.trussel.com (accessed 5 December 2013)
8:
1972:
1970:
1958:'A Manx Primer (1935)' by Mona Douglas, in
1493:'Who is Mona Douglas?' (6) 'Beginnings (2)'
1187:The Secret Island: Poems and Plays in Verse
785:The Secret Island: Poems and Plays in Verse
756:, the Isle of Man was chosen as a base for
365:write poetry in it over the coming decade.
2261:), 1921, available from manxliterature.com
2095:'Recipients of the Reih Bleeaney Vanannan'
1350:
1348:
1346:
972:, awarded for her outstanding services to
532:, Wales, to work as secretary to the poet
20:
2248:, 1915, available from manxliterature.com
2164:'Musical Feast in Memory of Mona Douglas'
1173:. Douglas: Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh. 1935.
1164:. Douglas: Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh. 1921.
2111:available from the Manx Heritage website
1323:Appointed to the Principal Order of the
1253:. Douglas: Shearwater Press, Ltd. 1976.
386:
2228:North American Manx Association -- Blog
1995:, Connery Chappell, London: Corgi Books
1518:'Who is Mona Douglas?' (5) 'Beginnings'
1382:
1380:
1372:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1342:
1195:Islanders: A Collection of Manx Stories
1085:Mona's Isle: The Legacy of Mona Douglas
184:childhood was spent in the vicinity of
1316:, awarded for outstanding services to
1156:. Douglas: Clucas & Fargher. 1919.
2212:'Two new Mona Douglas plays released'
1053:series of six stamps released by the
540:), while he wrote his autobiography,
425:Through her position as Secretary of
260:of 1908, and she submitted her poem,
7:
2267:Manx Folk-Song, Folk Dance, Folklore
1809:'Introduction' by Stephen Miller in
1227:This is Ellan Vannin Again: Folklore
1023:edited by Fenella Bazin in 1998 and
845:This is Ellan Vannin Again: Folklore
720:Beginning Manx Gaelic: A Manx Primer
461:Soon from our land, too, shall rise,
458:Your unrest wild hearts have shared:
2196:'CD and DVD remembers Mona Douglas'
2081:'Introduction' by John Belchem, in
908:In 1976 Douglas published a novel,
628:at the All-England Festival at the
464:Through wild skies, a singing bird.
2180:'Evening Celebrating Mona Douglas'
1045:Also in 2003, Douglas' 1944 book,
14:
1221:. Douglas: Times Longbooks. 1965.
1213:. Douglas: Times Longbooks. 1965.
1006:The Reih Bleeaney Vanannan Trophy
788:all things." Douglas' next book,
481:, Douglas took a short course in
228:. Some Manx music also featured:
16:Manx cultural activist and writer
1704:Isle of Man Examiner Annual 1924
1189:. Douglas: Victoria Press. 1943.
118:
31:
2356:Manx dramatists and playwrights
1706:, Douglas: S.K. Broadbent, 1924
1306:International President of the
944:, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and
774:Experiments on a Manx Hill Farm
485:; she also studied a course in
1166:(Co-authored with J. J. Kneen)
870:, Leonida Nikolai Giovanelli,
1:
1245:. Douglas: Times Press. 1970.
1237:. Douglas: Times Press. 1968.
1229:. Douglas: Times Press. 1966.
1211:Christian Tradition in Mannin
968:In 1982, Douglas received an
841:Christian Tradition in Vannin
699:Burns where thy children are.
368:Douglas' second poetry book,
1333:(awarded posthumously), 1988
696:They flame of song and story
661:Piatchyn jiu, ashoon mairagh
455:Kinsmen of the shining west!
2245:Manx Song & Maiden Song
2072:(accessed 20 November 2013)
1735:(accessed 20 November 2013)
770:Leonida Nikolai Giovannelli
747:Leonida Nikolai Giovannelli
687:To claim our share in thee!
411:(The Manx Language Society)
236:Douglas received a copy of
188:, and later Ballaragh near
2402:
2186:(accessed 2 December 2013)
2170:(accessed 2 December 2013)
1729:'(Constance) Mona Douglas'
1636:No. 6, November 1915; and
1374:(accessed 25 October 2013)
1235:They Lived in Ellan Vannin
1148:. London: John Lang. 1917.
1128:Mona Douglas' 1976 novel,
958:Yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol
849:They Lived in Ellan Vannin
693:And though we journey far,
690:We hold thy soil as sacred
600:English Folk Dance Society
557:English Folk Dance Society
391:The title of the journal,
246:A Child's Garden of Verses
2386:20th-century Manx writers
2202:(accessed 5 October 2017)
2140:'The Mona Douglas Papers'
1930:15 September 2012 at the
1138:Manx Song and Maiden Song
594:Return to the Isle of Man
528:In 1925 Douglas moved to
475:University College Dublin
382:Royal Eisteddfod of Wales
335:Manx Song and Maiden Song
117:
30:
2361:Manx short story writers
1370:by Fenella Bazin in the
674:O Land of our allegiance
360:In 1916 Douglas took up
242:Robert Louis Stevenson's
2381:Manx language activists
2107:Mona Douglas: A Tribute
2005:'An Italian Who Stayed'
1981:Robert Corteen Carswell
1847:Robert Corteen Carswell
1243:We Call it Ellan Vannin
1055:Isle of Man Post Office
1021:Mona Douglas: A Tribute
853:We Call it Ellan Vannin
709:Department of Education
437:. He and others of the
427:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
409:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
320:Liverpool School of Art
2314:Yn Lior Aeglagh Vannin
1551:'Who is Mona Douglas?'
1533:Listing as a donor in
1451:2 (2006) pp. 133 – 163
1424:75 (2007), pp. 24 – 47
1331:Reih Bleeaney Vanannan
1132:
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1036:Manx National Heritage
1014:Reih Bleeaney Vanannan
1008:
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728:First Lessons in Manx.
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534:Alfred Perceval Graves
467:
435:Alfred Perceval Graves
399:
358:
324:Liverpool Philharmonic
282:
234:
180:
46:Constance Mona Douglas
2226:by Valerie Caine, on
1993:Island of Barbed Wire
1535:'T.E. Brown Memorial'
1447:by Breesha Maddrell,
1303:Manannan Trophy, 1972
1127:
1113:Ellan Vannin dy bragh
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950:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
914:Ny Kirree fo Niaghtey
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684:May we be ever worthy
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618:Five Manx Folk Dances
616:
542:To Return to All That
452:
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178:
2366:Bards of the Gorsedd
2053:by Mona Douglas, in
1867:ed. Stephen Miller,
1832:ed. Stephen Miller,
1781:ed. Stephen Miller,
1733:The Douglas Archives
1671:ed. Stephen Miller,
1553:ed. Stephen Miller,
1520:ed. Stephen Miller,
1495:ed. Stephen Miller,
1472:ed. Stephen Miller,
1294:Gorsedd of the Bards
837:This is Ellan Vannin
821:This is Ellan Vannin
553:Elstree Film Studios
326:. With the start of
37:Douglas late in life
2292:'A Son Comes Homes'
2152:'Isle of Man, 2003'
1616:by Mona Douglas in
1569:by P. W. Caine, in
1093:The Michael Players
922:ethnic essentialism
439:Pan-Celtic movement
238:Grimms' Fairy Tales
2309:, Vol. I, May 1972
2298:, Vol. I, May 1972
2051:'A Son Comes Home'
1630:'Billy the Dollan'
1567:'Notices of Books'
1133:
1051:The Manx Bookshelf
1009:
993:a few days later.
954:Yr Orsedd y Beirdd
832:
830:Douglas circa 1981
824:
778:Exile on an Island
752:With the start of
750:
671:
622:
572:Stainer & Bell
400:
181:
2371:Manx nationalists
1620:, No. 9, May 1917
1388:New Manx Worthies
1179:The Island Spirit
1097:The Widow's House
891:The Manx Notebook
630:Royal Albert Hall
586:'s seminal work,
378:Order of Gorsedds
126:
125:
73:Nobles Hospital,
55:18 September 1898
2393:
2336:Manx women poets
2303:'A Manx Theatre'
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864:Charles Kerruish
758:internment camps
640:Rinkaghyn Vannin
588:A Manx Scrapbook
568:Vaughan Williams
561:Folksong Journal
483:Irish Literature
292:Lady's Pictorial
287:The Girl's Realm
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1101:The Anniversary
1059:Agatha Christie
1031:in April 2000.
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724:Lessons in Manx
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536:(the father of
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509:Four Manx Plays
431:Celtic Congress
404:Sophia Morrison
374:mooirchooraghyn
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538:Robert Graves
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448:Easter Rising
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34:
29:
22:
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2313:
2306:
2295:
2283:
2275:
2266:
2253:
2244:
2227:
2219:
2207:
2199:
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2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2147:
2123:
2118:
2106:
2102:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2068:Island Magic
2067:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2008:
2007:, a part of
2000:
1992:
1988:
1976:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1923:
1917:
1908:
1903:
1895:
1891:
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1876:
1868:
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1841:
1833:
1810:
1805:
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1529:
1521:
1496:
1473:
1448:
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1417:
1387:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1318:Manx culture
1268:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1203:Magic Island
1202:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1120:Publications
1112:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1089:Bob Carswell
1084:
1078:
1071:
1067:Nigel Kneale
1050:
1046:
1044:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1010:
983:
974:Manx culture
967:
952:in Ireland,
930:
925:
917:
913:
909:
907:
902:
898:
896:
890:
884:
879:
877:
859:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
833:
820:
806:Island Magic
805:
803:
799:
793:
789:
784:
782:
777:
773:
762:enemy aliens
754:World War II
751:
736:Ellan Vannin
733:
727:
723:
719:
715:
713:
706:
702:
660:
654:
650:
645:
638:
635:
623:
617:
598:In 1929 the
597:
587:
577:
565:
560:
546:
541:
527:
517:Manx English
508:
507:
487:librarianism
468:
443:
426:
424:
418:
415:
408:
401:
392:
373:
369:
367:
359:
334:
332:
317:
301:
295:
291:
285:
283:
279:
261:
251:
244:
235:
231:
194:
182:
158:Much Woolton
155:
141:Manx culture
129:Mona Douglas
128:
127:
69:(1987-10-08)
58:Much Woolton
25:Mona Douglas
18:
2346:1987 deaths
2341:1898 births
2259:J. J. Kneen
1146:Mychurachan
903:The Manxman
851:(1968) and
812:Later years
776:(1956) and
681:of the sea!
513:J. J. Kneen
491:Manx Museum
442:of poetry,
370:Mychurachan
362:Manx Gaelic
339:T. E. Brown
328:World War I
308:W. B. Yeats
262:Douglas Bay
95:Nationality
75:Isle of Man
2376:Manx music
2351:Manx women
2331:Manx poets
2325:Categories
1871:118 (2010)
1869:Manx Notes
1836:116 (2010)
1834:Manx Notes
1785:116 (2010)
1783:Manx Notes
1675:100 (2007)
1673:Manx Notes
1555:Manx Notes
1524:119 (2010)
1522:Manx Notes
1499:120 (2010)
1497:Manx Notes
1476:117 (2010)
1474:Manx Notes
1422:Béaloideas
1338:References
1278:0907715079
1260:0904980065
1154:A Dhooragh
1063:Hall Caine
626:dirk dance
444:A Dhooragh
258:Eisteddfod
170:Birkenhead
166:Merseyside
162:Lancashire
89:Journalist
81:Occupation
51:1898-09-18
2307:Manninagh
2296:Manninagh
2200:IOM Today
2184:IOM Today
2168:IOM Today
2055:Manninagh
2024:Manninagh
1760:'Preface'
1614:'Ersooyl'
1598:'Notices'
1557:99 (2007)
1047:Islanders
899:Manninagh
880:Manninagh
860:Manninagh
794:Manninagh
790:Islanders
783:Douglas'
604:folk song
450:of 1916:
206:Beethoven
152:Childhood
113:Signature
85:Librarian
1928:Archived
987:cremated
946:Cornwall
942:Brittany
940:of Man,
855:(1970).
847:(1966),
843:(1965),
839:(1965),
549:producer
499:Manannan
297:The Lady
210:Schubert
1325:Gorsedd
1300:), 1917
1205:. 1956.
1197:. 1944.
1181:. 1937.
1029:Douglas
991:Douglas
551:at the
530:Harlech
479:Rathgar
380:at the
254:Douglas
222:Puccini
186:Lezayre
2257:(with
1642:Mannin
1634:Mannin
1618:Mannin
1602:Mannin
1571:Mannin
1539:Mannin
1327:, 1987
1320:, 1982
1310:, 1980
1287:Awards
1275:
1257:
997:Legacy
962:An Mod
937:Ramsey
886:Mannin
766:Allies
679:Mannin
608:Ramsey
471:Dublin
419:Mannin
393:Mannin
218:Chopin
198:Handel
1979:, by
1298:Wales
980:Death
580:Lonan
314:Youth
226:Verdi
214:Liszt
190:Laxey
164:(now
105:Genre
1273:ISBN
1255:ISBN
1099:and
1074:Peel
1065:and
956:and
889:and
760:for
300:and
272:and
224:and
202:Bach
99:Manx
87:and
64:Died
43:Born
2305:in
2294:in
2198:on
2182:on
2166:on
1849:in
1762:to
1731:on
1702:in
1640:in
1632:in
1600:in
1537:in
1314:MBE
1115:!"
989:in
970:MBE
738:."
582:to
136:RBV
133:MBE
2327::
2132:^
2016:^
1969:^
1820:^
1771:^
1711:^
1504:^
1481:^
1456:^
1429:^
1395:^
1379:^
1345:^
1083:.
1069:.
1061:,
893:"
866:,
796::
677:O
590:.
505:.
294:,
290:,
268:,
220:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
172:.
160:,
148:.
2113:)
1416:'
1296:(
1281:.
1263:.
878:"
53:)
49:(
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