848:
816:
864:
176:
690:
788:
800:
883:
847:
832:
40:
1815:
313:(1925), Lippmann argued that most people lacked the capacity, time and motivation to follow and analyze news of the many complex policy questions that troubled society. Nor did they often experience most social problems or directly access expert insights. These limitations were made worse by a news media that tended to oversimplify issues and to reinforce
661:
also face specific dangers and are especially vulnerable to sexual assault, whether in the form of a targeted sexual violation, often in reprisal for their work. Mob-related sexual violence aimed against journalists covering public events; or the sexual abuse of journalists in detention or captivity.
605:
The relationship between a professional journalist and a source can be rather complex, and a source can sometimes have an effect on an article written by the journalist. The article 'A Compromised Fourth Estate' uses
Herbert Gans' metaphor to capture their relationship. He uses a dance metaphor, "The
625:
is potentially compromising of journalists' integrity and risks becoming collusive. Journalists have typically favored a more robust, conflict model, based on a crucial assumption that if the media are to function as watchdogs of powerful economic and political interests, journalists must establish
596:
On 8 August 2023, Iran's
Journalists' Day, Tehran Journalists' Association head Akbar Montajabi noted over 100 journalists arrested amid protests, while HamMihan newspaper exposed repression against 76 media workers since September 2022 following Mahsa Amini's death-triggered mass protests, leading
592:
Apart from physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their editorial offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with the reporters they expose to danger. Hence, a systematic and sustainable way of psychological support for
405:
In 2023 the closure of local newspapers in the US accelerated to an average of 2.5 per week, leaving more than 200 US counties as “news deserts” and meaning that more than half of all U.S. counties had limited access to reliable local news and information, according to researchers at the
714:
was shot by an
Israeli army sniper. Rubén Pat was gunned down outside a beach bar in Mexico. Mexico was described by Reporters Without Borders as "one of world's deadliest countries for the media"; 90% of attacks on journalists in the country reportedly go unsolved. Bulgarian
548:
The
Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of 1 December 2010, 145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. Current numbers are even higher. The ten countries with the largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are
207:
Journalists can be broadcast, print, advertising or public relations personnel. Depending on the form of journalism, "journalist" may also describe various categories of people by the roles they play in the process. These includes reporters,
401:
had given governments around the world the chance “to take advantage of the fact that politics are on hold, the public is stunned and protests are out of the question, in order to impose measures that would be impossible in normal times”.
743:
featured a
Journalists Memorial which honored several thousand journalists around the world who had died or were killed while reporting the news. After the Newseum closed in December 2019, supporters of freedom of the press persuaded the
815:
407:
708:' 2018 annual report, it was the worst year on record for deadly violence and abuse toward journalists; there was a 15 percent increase in such killings since 2017, with 80 killed, 348 imprisoned and 60 held hostage.
606:
Tango", to illustrate the co-operative nature of their interactions inasmuch as "It takes two to tango". Herbert suggests that the source often leads, but journalists commonly object to this notion for two reasons:
1037:
489:
publish reports on press freedom and advocate for journalistic freedom. As of
November 2011, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 887 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by
321:. As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as expert analysts, guiding "citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important".
1507:
1431:
863:
329:
Occupational
Outlook Handbook reported that employment for the category "reporters, correspondents and broadcast news analysts" will decline 9 percent between 2016 and 2026.
1795:
Wettstein, Martin, et al. "News media as gatekeepers, critics, and initiators of populist communication: How journalists in ten countries deal with the populist challenge."
1712:
Mellado, Claudia, et al. "Investigating the gap between newspaper journalists' role conceptions and role performance in nine
European, Asian, and Latin American countries."
1728:
1765:
985:
1636:
1581:
799:
379:
764:
in journalism. Journalists who work in television or for newspapers are more likely to have studied journalism in college than journalists working for the
787:
2455:
831:
1800:
454:
1281:
1695:
924:
1159:
749:
1420:
1748:
1144:
1852:
1064:
748:
in
December 2020 to authorize the construction of a memorial to fallen journalists on public land with private funds. By May 2023, the
1607:
2643:
1552:
1224:
326:
1257:
1202:
1107:
482:
301:
to research themselves, then communicating an accurate and understandable version to the public as a teacher and policy advisor.
2658:
2653:
2648:
1949:
1252:
175:
2448:
1762:
1003:
1678:
1095:
554:
2420:
2121:
1643:
1179:
907:
450:
24:
429:
journalists went on strike over proposed job cuts. The Los
Angeles Times laid off more than 20% of the newsroom.
116:
2441:
1461:
1368:
999:
913:
705:
486:
390:
20:
2217:
2157:
2032:
2027:
1964:
1845:
689:
626:
their independence of sources or risk the fourth estate being driven by the fifth estate of public relations.
2212:
1953:
501:(17%), or on dangerous assignment (11%). The "ten deadliest countries" for journalists since 1992 have been
411:
1819:
1026:
445:
reported that Americans were suffering from “news fatigue” due to coverage of major news stories like the
2187:
2112:
1989:
1307:
919:
745:
2577:
2424:
2345:
2330:
2237:
2222:
2077:
2067:
1782:
646:
636:
418:
383:
266:
1692:
1128:
Ahmed, Kaamil (6 May 2020). "Covid-19 could trigger 'media extinction event' in developing countries".
1717:
337:
A worldwide sample of 27,500 journalists in 67 countries in 2012–2016 produced the following profile:
255:, from home or outside to witness events or interviewing people. Reporters may be assigned a specific
2633:
2320:
2227:
2207:
2202:
2167:
2137:
2052:
995:
990:
954:
902:
474:
251:, information-gathering and/or writing articles. Reporters may split their time between working in a
129:
1667:
2638:
2486:
2382:
2287:
2177:
2127:
2117:
2087:
2017:
1974:
1838:
1662:
Deuze, Mark. "What is journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered."
1642:(Report). Bloomington, Indiana: School of Journalism, Indiana University. p. 9. Archived from
1426:
1041:
929:
658:
613:
It offends journalists' professional culture, which emphasizes independence and editorial autonomy.
422:
270:
244:
1776:
1734:
2572:
2267:
2242:
2182:
2147:
2057:
2042:
2037:
1959:
1350:
1333:
Lewis, Justin; Williams, Andrew; Franklin, Bob (6 February 2008). "A Compromised Fourth Estate".
897:
854:
662:
Many of these crimes are not reported as a result of powerful cultural and professional stigmas.
442:
434:
394:
213:
374:
50 percent worked in print, 23 percent on television, 17 percent on radio and 16 percent online.
191:
is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a
1723:
Patterson, Thomas E., and Wolfgang Donsbagh. "News decisions: Journalists as partisan actors."
2491:
2408:
2393:
2360:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2162:
2103:
2082:
2072:
2062:
1994:
1786:
1744:
1548:
1542:
1453:
1282:"Petra Tabeling: In crisis areas, journalists are at risk in physical and psychological terms"
1229:
1069:
964:
959:
939:
888:
716:
642:
593:
traumatized journalists is strongly needed. Few and fragmented support programs exist so far.
398:
2597:
2506:
2398:
2355:
2350:
2277:
2247:
2197:
2152:
2047:
1342:
806:
769:
740:
397:
said journalists in developing countries were suffering political interference because the
85:
1399:
469:
Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger, particularly when reporting in areas of
2612:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2252:
2172:
2022:
2012:
1910:
1769:
1699:
1484:
1401:
World Trends Report in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018
720:
693:
344:
274:
229:
221:
217:
1757:
Shoemaker, Pamela J., Tim P. Vos, and Stephen D. Reese. "Journalists as gatekeepers." in
1308:"Scores Of Media Workers Detained In Iran In Latest Protests Honored On Journalists' Day"
2562:
2232:
1984:
1905:
1582:"A Memorial to Fallen Journalists Is One Step Closer to Happening on the National Mall"
944:
678:
674:
670:
470:
286:
278:
262:
256:
209:
1454:"WORLDWIDE ROUND-UP of journalists killed, detained, held hostage, or missing in 2018"
2627:
2582:
2557:
2496:
2339:
2310:
2257:
2192:
1900:
1682:
1354:
838:
773:
765:
732:
711:
478:
426:
290:
155:
1508:"'Unscrupulous politicians' blamed for worst year on record for journalist killings"
39:
2607:
2602:
2587:
2481:
2325:
2315:
1895:
665:
Increasingly, journalists (particularly women) are abused and harassed online, via
654:
458:
446:
163:
293:, sees their role as researching complicated issues of fact or science which most
1027:"Nature's Prophet: Bill McKibben as Journalist, Public Intellectual and Activist"
2592:
2501:
2403:
1969:
1740:
1567:
760:
In the US, nearly all journalists have attended university, but only about half
666:
506:
314:
298:
282:
2335:
2142:
2092:
1979:
1939:
1861:
1346:
934:
878:
650:
570:
318:
196:
192:
167:
143:
81:
69:
65:
1752:
1421:"2018 was worst year for violence and abuse against journalists, report says"
457:. American consumers turned away from journalists at legacy organizations as
2547:
2378:
2305:
1880:
1512:
597:
to legal consequences for journalists including Niloufar Hamedi and Elaheh.
542:
494:
248:
225:
159:
1814:
1485:"Miroslava Breach murder: Mexico jails man who ordered journalist's death"
1369:"UN PLAN OF ACTION ON THE SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS AND THE ISSUE OF IMPUNITY"
2388:
949:
697:
582:
526:
514:
438:
252:
240:
180:
97:
89:
1790:
16:
Person who collects, writes and distributes news and similar information
2476:
1943:
1890:
1517:
986:"Communicating Climate Change: Why Frames Matter for Public Engagement"
822:
761:
736:
574:
562:
534:
522:
408:
Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications
112:
2567:
1915:
550:
538:
518:
510:
498:
490:
294:
93:
641:
Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their
386:
as “grim” because of low online revenue and plummeting advertising.
2433:
853:
Official tastes the water of a new well in front of journalists in
1608:"It's time to create an alternative path into a journalism career"
688:
586:
566:
530:
174:
2552:
2132:
1934:
1885:
1544:
Attacks on the American Press: A Documentary and Reference Guide
1038:
Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy
649:. The range of threats they are confronted with include murder,
578:
558:
502:
2437:
1834:
430:
359:
61 percent specialized in journalism/communications at college
243:, writes and reports on information in order to present using
1830:
382:
Digital News Report described the future for journalists in
1675:
Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures around the Globe
1092:
Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures around the Globe
1065:"Occupational outlook: Where the big bucks are – and aren't"
657:, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention and torture.
1160:"L.A. Times to lay off at least 115 people in the newsroom"
869:
Cameraman and journalist who interviews a person in Austria
1040:, School of Communication and the Center for Social Media
793:
A program director sets the task for TV journalists, 1998.
1197:
719:
was beaten, raped and strangled. Saudi Arabian dissident
1637:
The American Journalist in the Digital Age: Key Findings
723:
was killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul.
1225:"Number of Jailed Journalists Nearly Doubles in Turkey"
195:
form and disseminates it to the public. This is called
1180:"The News About the News Business Is Getting Grimmer"
368:
47 percent were members of a professional association
1570:
intended for use in introductory journalism courses.
365:
23 percent specialized as hard-news beat journalists
2535:
2469:
2370:
2297:
2102:
2004:
1926:
1868:
1536:
1534:
149:
135:
122:
108:
103:
75:
59:
51:
46:
1419:
1825:
1173:
1171:
1169:
653:, hostage-taking, offline and online harassment,
1253:"Iran, China drive prison tally to 14-year high"
1145:"Tuesday was a bleak day for the media industry"
19:"Reporter" redirects here. For other uses, see
2449:
1846:
1115:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
380:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
8:
1108:"Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2019"
696:, killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in
269:, has defined a "knowledge journalist" as a
32:
610:It signals source supremacy in news making.
2456:
2442:
2434:
1853:
1839:
1831:
38:
1635:Willnat, Lars; Weaver, David H. (2014).
1547:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 167.
1797:International Journal of Press/Politics
1714:International Journal of Press/Politics
984:Nisbet, Matthew C. (March–April 2009).
976:
925:List of ITV journalists and newsreaders
783:
1541:Roberts, Jessica; Maksl, Adam (2021).
1418:Langford, Eleanor (17 December 2018).
1394:
1392:
752:had begun the design of the memorial.
750:Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation
31:
1630:
1628:
617:The dance metaphor goes on to state:
473:or in states that do not respect the
297:would not have the time or access to
7:
1506:Hjelmgaard, Kim (18 December 2018).
1434:from the original on 11 January 2022
1280:Tabeling, Petra (24 December 2014).
1178:Robertson, Katie (24 January 2024).
621:A relationship with sources that is
362:62 percent identified as generalists
1826:Society of Professional Journalists
327:United States Department of Labor's
1759:The handbook of journalism studies
1691:(Routledge, 2016) short textbook;
1606:Benton, Joshua (20 October 2021).
14:
1025:Nisbet, Matthew C. (March 2013).
841:when he was Mayor of London, 2014
1813:
1258:Committee to Protect Journalists
1203:Committee to Protect Journalists
881:
862:
846:
830:
814:
798:
786:
483:Committee to Protect Journalists
1673:Hanitzsch, Thomas, et al. eds.
1063:Talton, Jon (31 January 2018).
805:A reporter interviews a man in
1158:James, Meg (23 January 2024).
1143:Fu, Angela (24 January 2024).
1090:Thomas Hanitzsch, et al. eds.
461:became a common news source.
441:shed employees in early 2024.
1:
2568:Pundit / Commentator
1916:Pundit / commentator
1034:Discussion Paper Series #D-78
247:. This may entail conducting
1580:Mullins, Luke (4 May 2023).
1566:This source is an annotated
681:, intimidation and threats.
350:mean years of experience, 13
239:is a type of journalist who
2421:List of journalism articles
1783:Doubleday, Page and Company
908:Electronic field production
451:Russian invasion of Ukraine
425:all conducted layoffs, and
371:80 percent worked full-time
356:graduate degree, 29 percent
25:Journalist (disambiguation)
2675:
1487:. BBC News. 23 August 2020
1000:Taylor & Francis Group
634:
353:college degree, 56 percent
317:, partisan viewpoints and
18:
2418:
1778:Fifty Years a Journalist.
1775:Stone, Melville Elijah.
1736:The Universal Journalist.
1716:(2020): 1940161220910106
1462:Reporters Without Borders
1347:10.1080/14616700701767974
1198:"1337 Journalists Killed"
914:Electronic news-gathering
706:Reporters Without Borders
601:Relationship with sources
487:Reporters Without Borders
391:Reporters Without Borders
305:In his best-known books,
37:
21:Reporter (disambiguation)
2644:Broadcasting occupations
1698:11 November 2020 at the
837:A reporter interviewing
821:Journalist interviews a
183:at TEDxVancouver in 2010
2543:Journalists (reporters)
1877:Journalists (reporters)
1768:10 January 2020 at the
1725:Political communication
1689:Writing for journalists
1687:Hicks, Wynford, et al.
412:Northwestern University
2659:Television terminology
2654:Mass media occupations
2649:Journalism occupations
1990:Editorial independence
1727:13.4 (1996): 455–468.
1707:Ethics for journalists
920:Glossary of journalism
746:United States Congress
701:
628:
323:
184:
2346:Pink-slime journalism
2331:Horse race journalism
1799:23.4 (2018): 476-495
692:
647:freedom of expression
637:Safety of journalists
619:
455:presidential election
419:The Los Angeles Times
303:
267:science communication
265:, who has written on
178:
2321:Freedom of the press
1822:at Wikimedia Commons
1666:6.4 (2005): 442-464
996:Heldref Publications
991:Environment Magazine
955:Outside broadcasting
903:Broadcast journalism
809:, Afghanistan, 2009.
677:, doxing, trolling,
475:freedom of the press
421:, Time magazine and
259:(area of coverage).
179:Canadian journalist
117:interpersonal skills
2487:Contributing editor
2383:Newspaper of record
1679:excerpt of the book
1427:The Daily Telegraph
1042:American University
930:List of journalists
731:From 2008 to 2019,
685:Most dangerous year
659:Women in journalism
423:National Geographic
271:public intellectual
34:
1709:(Routledge, 2008).
1335:Journalism Studies
1117:. Thomson Reuters.
1094:(2019) pp. 73–74.
898:24-hour news cycle
855:Mogadishu, Somalia
702:
443:The New York Times
435:Sports Illustrated
417:In January 2024,
395:Christophe Deloire
393:secretary general
311:The Phantom Public
214:citizen journalist
185:
124:Education required
2621:
2620:
2492:Assignment editor
2431:
2430:
2409:Alternative media
2361:Yellow journalism
1995:Journalism school
1818:Media related to
1749:978-0-7453-1641-3
1705:Keeble, Richard.
1465:. 1 December 2018
1261:. 8 December 2010
1230:Los Angeles Times
1070:The Seattle Times
965:War correspondent
960:Student newspaper
940:News broadcasting
889:Journalism portal
717:Victoria Marinova
700:on 2 October 2018
643:fundamental right
399:COVID-19 pandemic
263:Matthew C. Nisbet
222:editorial writers
173:
172:
130:bachelor's degree
2666:
2598:Gossip columnist
2507:Political editor
2464:Journalism roles
2458:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2356:Propaganda model
2351:Public relations
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1817:
1733:Randall, David.
1651:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1458:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1002:. Archived from
981:
891:
886:
885:
884:
866:
850:
834:
818:
807:Helmand Province
802:
790:
741:Washington, D.C.
341:57 percent male;
230:photojournalists
86:public relations
77:Activity sectors
42:
35:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2531:
2527:Editorial board
2522:Editor-in-chief
2517:Editor-at-large
2512:Managing editor
2465:
2462:
2432:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2253:Photojournalism
2122:Interventionism
2098:
2097:
2096:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1864:
1859:
1810:
1770:Wayback Machine
1700:Wayback Machine
1659:
1654:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1407:. UNESCO. 2018.
1404:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1314:. 8 August 2023
1306:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1177:
1176:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
983:
982:
978:
974:
969:
887:
882:
880:
877:
870:
867:
858:
851:
842:
835:
826:
819:
810:
803:
794:
791:
782:
758:
735:'s now-defunct
729:
721:Jamal Khashoggi
694:Jamal Khashoggi
687:
639:
633:
603:
467:
335:
333:Modern overview
275:Walter Lippmann
205:
152:
140:
138:
125:
78:
62:
61:Occupation type
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
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679:public shaming
675:cyber-stalking
671:cyber-bullying
635:Main article:
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2608:Staff writer
2603:News analyst
2588:Fact checker
2542:
2394:TV and radio
2326:Infotainment
2316:Fifth Estate
2213:Interpretive
2163:Comics-based
1911:Photographer
1796:
1777:
1758:
1735:
1724:
1713:
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1674:
1663:
1657:Bibliography
1644:the original
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1575:
1558:. Retrieved
1543:
1521:. Retrieved
1511:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1460:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1425:
1413:
1400:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:
1363:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1311:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1288:. p. 15
1285:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1201:
1192:
1183:
1153:
1138:
1130:The Guardian
1129:
1123:
1114:
1102:
1091:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1068:
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1046:. Retrieved
1033:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:the original
989:
979:
759:
730:
710:
703:
664:
655:intimidation
640:
622:
620:
616:
604:
595:
591:
547:
481:such as the
468:
459:social media
447:Hamas attack
416:
404:
388:
384:South Africa
378:In 2019 the
377:
336:
324:
310:
306:
304:
261:
236:
234:
206:
188:
186:
164:spokesperson
151:Related jobs
128:Typically a
109:Competencies
29:
2634:Journalists
2593:Food critic
2502:Duty editor
2482:Copy editor
2273:Underground
2188:Explanatory
2113:Adversarial
2078:Video games
2033:Environment
1975:Attribution
1970:News values
1965:Objectivity
1896:Copy editor
1820:Journalists
1741:Pluto Press
1568:source book
1265:18 November
1096:see excerpt
1044:. p. 7
667:hate speech
507:Philippines
315:stereotypes
309:(1922) and
299:information
283:Naomi Klein
104:Description
2639:Journalism
2628:Categories
2379:Newspapers
2371:News media
2336:Media bias
2238:Non-profit
2223:Multimedia
2143:Churnalism
2068:Technology
1980:Defamation
1927:Profession
1862:Journalism
1781:New York:
1761:73 (2009)
1664:Journalism
1612:Nieman Lab
1491:1 December
1430:. London.
1147:. Poynter.
1076:1 February
972:References
935:Local news
651:kidnapping
571:Uzbekistan
427:Condé Nast
319:prejudices
273:who, like
249:interviews
241:researches
226:columnists
197:journalism
193:newsworthy
189:journalist
168:politician
144:Mass media
139:employment
82:Mass media
70:mass media
66:Journalism
55:Journalist
47:Occupation
33:Journalist
2548:Columnist
2389:Magazines
2306:Fake news
2228:Narrative
2208:Immersion
2168:Community
2138:Broadcast
1881:Columnist
1743:, 2000).
1523:7 January
1513:USA Today
1469:7 January
1438:7 January
1355:142529875
1318:16 August
1312:RFERL ORG
1209:28 August
823:cosplayer
772:, or for
756:Education
543:Sri Lanka
541:(31) and
495:crossfire
347:age of 38
160:columnist
137:Fields of
2578:Stringer
2423:–
2399:Internet
2288:Watchdog
2178:Database
2133:Blogging
2128:Analytic
2118:Advocacy
2053:Politics
2043:Medicine
2018:Business
1785:(1921).
1766:Archived
1696:Archived
1591:5 August
1560:5 August
1432:Archived
1341:: 1–20.
950:Newsroom
875:See also
698:Istanbul
623:too cozy
585:(4) and
583:Ethiopia
527:Pakistan
515:Colombia
453:and the
439:NBC News
389:In 2020
253:newsroom
237:reporter
181:Nardwuar
98:business
90:politics
2553:Blogger
2470:Editing
2425:Outline
2268:Tabloid
2243:Opinion
2148:Citizen
2088:Weather
2073:Traffic
2058:Science
2038:Fashion
1960:Culture
1944:Five Ws
1886:Blogger
1791:1520155
1693:excerpt
1677:(1979)
1617:23 July
1518:Gannett
1381:24 July
1292:9 March
1237:6 April
1048:8 March
1010:9 March
857:, 2014.
825:, 2012.
780:Gallery
762:majored
737:Newseum
575:Vietnam
563:Eritrea
535:Somalia
523:Algeria
509:(109),
493:(71%),
465:Freedom
289:, and
245:sources
218:editors
2477:Editor
2283:Visual
2263:Sensor
2104:Genres
2063:Sports
1950:Ethics
1891:Editor
1801:online
1789:
1763:online
1747:
1729:online
1718:online
1668:online
1551:
1376:UNESCO
1353:
631:Safety
569:(13),
565:(17),
561:(34),
557:(34),
553:(95),
551:Turkey
545:(30).
539:Brazil
537:(45),
533:(49),
529:(59),
525:(61),
521:(69),
519:Mexico
517:(76),
513:(77),
511:Russia
499:combat
491:murder
295:laymen
94:sports
2573:Fixer
2536:Staff
2278:Video
2248:Peace
2198:Gonzo
2153:Civic
2093:World
2048:Music
2005:Areas
1869:Roles
1681:also
1647:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
1457:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1372:(PDF)
1351:S2CID
1286:D + C
1111:(PDF)
1030:(PDF)
916:(ENG)
910:(EFP)
770:radio
768:, in
589:(3).
587:Sudan
581:(4),
577:(5),
573:(6),
567:Burma
555:China
531:India
437:and
203:Roles
52:Names
2173:Data
2023:Data
2013:Arts
1935:News
1787:OCLC
1745:ISBN
1619:2023
1593:2023
1562:2023
1549:ISBN
1525:2019
1493:2020
1471:2019
1440:2019
1383:2023
1320:2023
1294:2019
1267:2011
1239:2012
1211:2012
1078:2018
1050:2013
1012:2019
579:Cuba
559:Iran
503:Iraq
485:and
345:mean
257:beat
228:and
23:and
2083:War
1343:doi
739:in
645:to
497:or
431:CNN
410:at
2630::
1751:;
1627:^
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1533:^
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1391:^
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1168:^
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1473:.
1442:.
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1080:.
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27:.
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