532:
History of the
Mongols the sons of Genghis Khan fight over who will succeed as next Khan. Genghis Khan sits silently as they fight. Khukhuchos speaks up and reprimands Chagatai (whose name, also written Tsagaadai, incidentally means White): "Chagatai, you have spoken careless words that have frozen the warm liver of your good queen mother, grieved her loving heart, dried her oil-like thoughts and curdled her milk white spirit." During Tsagaan Sar emphasis is placed on purity of intent or whiteness of spirit when visiting elder relatives. The greeting "Amar baina uu" (Are you in peace?) is said while the arms are extended with open palms showing no bad intention. The younger places his or her arms below the elder in a supporting fashion, both bow and embrace and the traditional Mongolian "sniff-kiss" is given by the elder on both cheeks. This traditional gesture is called
515:
men and women, great and small. And this is done in order that they may thrive all through the year, for they deem that white clothing is lucky. On that day also all the people of all the provinces and governments and kingdoms and countries that owe allegiance to the Khan bring him great presents of gold and silver, and pearls and gems, and rich textures of divers kinds. And this they do that the
Emperor throughout the year may have abundance of treasure and enjoyment without care. And the people also make presents to each other of white things, and embrace and kiss and make merry, and wish each other happiness and good luck for the coming year.
681:
2179:
610:. The lunar phases are Bituun (dark moon), Shined (new crescent moon), Tergel (full moon), and Huuchid (waxing moon). On the Bituun day, people thoroughly clean around home, herders also clean the livestock barns and shades, to meet the New Year fresh. The Bituun ceremony also includes burning candles to symbolize enlightenment of the samsara and all sentient beings and putting three pieces of ice at the doorway so that the horse of the deity
43:
413:
574:. Also people greet each other with holiday-specific greetings such as Амар байна уу? (Amar baina uu?), meaning "Are you living peacefully?" Mongols also visit friends and family on this day and exchange gifts. A typical Mongol family will meet in the home dwelling of the eldest in the family. Many people will be dressed in full garment of
149:
514:
The beginning of their New Year is the month of
February, and on that occasion the Great Khan and all his subjects made such a Feast as I now shall describe. It is the custom that on this occasion the Khan and all his subjects should be clothed entirely in white; so, that day, everybody is in white,
491:
used the twelve-year animal cycle to mark their chronology. The Secret
History of the Mongols written in 1240 as well as many letters of the Khans extensively use the twelve-year animal cycle. On the Year of the Red Hare, Genghis Khan ascended and purified himself on the first day of the lunar new
614:
could drink as the deity is believed to visit every household on this day. In the evening, families gather together—usually immediate family, in contrast to the large feast gatherings of White Moon day — and see out the old year eating dairy products and buuz. Traditionally, Mongolians settle all
531:
festival in summer which celebrates manly virtues
Tsagaan Sar celebrates the softer virtues of peace and harmony. The color white represented especially by the white foods or "tsagaan idee" (various dairy products and rice with raisins) symbolize purity of intent. In Paragraph 254 of the Secret
719:. The Tegus Buyantu astrology was developed by Mongol high priest Luvsandanzanjantsan (1639–1704), thought to be the first reincarnation of the Blama-yin Gegegen (Ламын гэгээн). Tsagaan Sar is celebrated on the first through third days of the first
582:
greeting, grasping them by their elbows to show support for them. The eldest receives greetings from each member of the family except for his/her spouse. During the greeting ceremony, family members hold long, typically blue, silk cloths called a
1871:
536:(greeting). Quarreling is taboo and emphasis is placed on genuine reconciliation. Gift-giving is central to Tsagaan Sar. A lavish feast is usually laid out to wish for happiness and prosperity in the coming year.
627:
for the festival includes dairy products, rice with curds (tsagaa-цагаа) or rice with raisins (berees-бэрээс), a pyramid of traditional cookies erected on a large dish in a special fashion symbolising
479:
The White Moon festival is celebrated on the first through third days of the first lunar month. Tsagaan Sar is one of the most important
Mongolian holidays. Originally, it was celebrated in spring.
1867:
1723:
1809:
496:
and took part in a ceremony in his palace. On the first day of the lunar new year of the Year of the Rat (1216), Genghis Khan distributed gold presents to people aged over 60.
3446:
2214:
2764:
242:
1846:"UNESCO - Evaluation of nominations for inscription in 2011 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (item 13 on the agenda)"
270:
643:. Tsagaan Sar is a lavish feast, requiring preparation days in advance, as the men and women make large quantities of buuz as a whole family, along with
1921:
2022:
3363:
2091:
3421:
226:
1701:
664:
2442:
1974:
1953:
246:
2391:
262:
230:
1772:
3222:
543:, the Mongolians followed the "shar zurhai" (yellow horoscope) to determine the day of the Lunar New Year. From 1911 onwards during the
2258:
3451:
2757:
2722:
2302:
2035:
1894:
1801:
2435:
1853:
1748:
254:
126:
2384:
2226:
2141:
234:
3416:
3406:
3401:
2665:
2496:
266:
250:
238:
64:
2151:
656:
1679:
3466:
3456:
3441:
3199:
2750:
2478:
2401:
2280:
2051:
2015:
107:
3436:
2520:
2199:
2163:
2146:
2126:
555:
79:
60:
1738:
3461:
2594:
2584:
2425:
2241:
659:, the government banned Tsagaan Sar after Choibalsan's death in 1952 and tried to replace it with a holiday called "
547:, the Mongolians have used the Tugs Bayasgalant horoscope which differs from the yellow horoscope on certain years.
3426:
3411:
2363:
2307:
2248:
2231:
2204:
2168:
1496:
154:
86:
3193:
635:
realm, a grilled side of sheep and minced beef or minced mutton steamed inside pastry, steamed dumplings known as
3431:
3380:
2650:
2604:
2379:
2263:
2236:
571:
1716:"Как встречали Сагаалган наши предки и как следует готовиться к празднику - Общество и культура - Новая Бурятия"
406:
Sagaalgan (Buryatia, Russia), Shagaa (Tuva, Russia), Tsagan Sar (Kalmykia, Russia), Chaga Bayram (Altai, Russia)
3133:
2622:
2579:
2532:
2483:
2413:
2345:
2156:
2131:
2121:
2081:
2008:
544:
1913:
93:
2468:
2418:
660:
53:
2645:
2430:
2368:
2136:
589:. After the ceremony, the extended family eats sheep's tail, mutton, rice with curds, dairy products, and
2488:
3181:
2564:
2506:
2406:
2396:
2358:
2187:
2106:
220:
75:
3210:
3187:
2683:
2655:
2333:
2056:
1693:
520:
3127:
3038:
2715:
2614:
2501:
2473:
2456:
2221:
2043:
1581:
2268:
3115:
3092:
2635:
2589:
2574:
2569:
2350:
2178:
1831:
1573:
1557:
729:
716:
712:
456:
447:
429:
1764:
3301:
2913:
2731:
2696:
2670:
2660:
2640:
2599:
2295:
2290:
1970:
1949:
1744:
1520:
624:
350:
200:
3170:
2996:
2907:
2803:
2076:
1644:
1504:
1322:
1082:
842:
464:
3368:
3205:
3026:
2972:
2919:
2542:
2285:
2116:
1898:
1628:
1620:
1512:
1462:
1442:
1302:
1222:
1202:
1062:
982:
962:
822:
575:
1845:
570:
around the New Year for example, families burn candles at the altar symbolizing
Buddhist
100:
1765:"Nomads winter: Tsagaan sar - Mongolian Lunar New Year :: www.touristinfocenter.mn"
694:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
623:
Depending on the region, food is prepared in a diverse array of forms. For example, the
492:
year, wore new clothes, paid respects to Heaven and Earth, bowed and greeted his mother
3358:
3353:
2978:
2838:
1824:"Javhaasaihan Uuriintuya Tsagaan sar Жавхаасайхан Үүрийнтуяа Цагаан сар GOBI - YouTube"
1636:
1565:
1482:
1422:
1382:
1282:
1262:
1242:
1182:
1142:
1022:
1002:
942:
902:
782:
762:
468:
460:
316:
258:
204:
31:
3395:
3228:
3008:
2960:
2312:
2096:
2061:
1943:
1042:
802:
524:
301:
3307:
3121:
3020:
2317:
2101:
2086:
1362:
1342:
1122:
1102:
882:
862:
628:
611:
566:
The customs of
Tsagaan Sar are significantly different depending on the region. In
540:
507:
488:
326:
297:
282:
17:
1967:
The Horse-head Fiddle and the
Cosmopolitan Reimagination of Tradition of Mongolia
578:. When greeting their elders during the White Moon festival, Mongols perform the
3234:
3175:
3014:
2954:
2879:
2844:
2253:
2209:
1671:
1402:
1162:
922:
720:
503:
321:
292:
42:
3074:
3062:
2966:
2873:
2867:
2791:
2111:
1823:
499:
3145:
2984:
2942:
2797:
1788:"Tsagan Sar: The Mongolian Lunar New Year". Mongoluls. 2007. March 13, 2008.
632:
607:
602:
597:
and exchange gifts. Before the day, many
Mongols had to clean their houses.
360:
1740:
Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities
3373:
3336:
3330:
3313:
3109:
3080:
2990:
2936:
2814:
2777:
2773:
2627:
2273:
2031:
1549:
640:
567:
371:
356:
212:
208:
162:
3151:
1789:
1536:
412:
3050:
3032:
2850:
2808:
2742:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2071:
2066:
1601:
644:
579:
527:
continued Mongol traditions in the Mongol homeland. In contrast to the
331:
311:
306:
287:
3257:
3240:
3216:
2948:
2675:
2552:
1596:
1591:
585:
551:
528:
493:
336:
166:
158:
2000:
148:
1546:
Similar Asian Lunisolar New Year celebrations that occur in April:
3280:
3139:
3086:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3002:
1528:
594:
411:
1676:
Selena Travel discovery, cultural, adventure, and tailored tours
636:
590:
502:
describes a Mongolian Lunar New Year (White Moon) celebrated by
216:
2746:
2004:
27:
First day of the year according to the Mongolian lunar calendar
674:
36:
1715:
30:
For other traditions of celebrating the lunar new year, see
615:
issues and repay all debts from the old year by this day.
1694:"Âñëåä çà ñîëíöåì è ëóíîé: ãëàâíûå øàìàíñêèå ïðàçäíèêè"
1501:
Celebrations of Lunar New Year in other parts of Asia:
663:'s Day", but the holiday was practiced again after the
647:, a pastry reserved for both dessert and presentation.
523:
resulted in the fall of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, the
3346:
3323:
3294:
3267:
3250:
3161:
3102:
2929:
2900:
2893:
2860:
2831:
2824:
2784:
2613:
2519:
2455:
2332:
2186:
2042:
402:
394:
386:
378:
367:
345:
193:
174:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1802:"Tsagaan Sar the main celebration of the Mongols"
455:), is the first day of the year according to the
512:
1672:"Tsagaan Sar - The Lunar New Year of Mongolia"
2758:
2016:
1985:
1983:
715:in the Tegus Buyantu (Төгсбуянт) system is a
8:
2939:(North & Central India (Solar), Nepali)
1868:"Амар байна уу? (Are you rested/peaceful?)"
2897:
2828:
2765:
2751:
2743:
2525:
2461:
2338:
2192:
2023:
2009:
2001:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1784:
1782:
606:, the name of the lunar phase of a new or
471:. The holiday has shamanistic influences.
147:
138:
1989:Л. Тэрбиш. Монгол зурхайн цаг тооны бичиг
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
3364:South and Southeast Asian solar New Year
1914:"Tsagaan Sar – Mongolian Lunar New Year"
725:
1663:
1613:
550:In 2011, the holiday was nominated for
280:
3447:Observances on non-Gregorian calendars
1924:from the original on September 3, 2023
665:1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia
639:, horse meat and traditional cookies
600:The day before Tsagaan Sar is called
446:
7:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
2945:(North & Central India (Lunar))
1895:""Tsagaan Sar, the Lunar New Year""
510:. In Book Two, Part One he writes:
1874:from the original on Feb 13, 2023.
1856:from the original on Feb 13, 2023.
1812:from the original on Jan 14, 2024.
1775:from the original on Feb 13, 2023.
1743:. University of Washington Press.
25:
1726:from the original on Feb 1, 2024.
1704:from the original on Feb 1, 2024.
1682:from the original on Feb 1, 2024.
2177:
1834:from the original on 2021-12-12.
679:
41:
506:in the 13th century during the
52:needs additional citations for
3422:Cultural festivals in Mongolia
593:. It is also typical to drink
1:
1912:Jessica Brooks (2019-01-30).
1632:
625:traditional food in Mongolia
556:Intangible cultural heritage
457:Mongolian lunisolar calendar
2215:Historical cities and towns
2152:Mongolian People's Republic
1918:Eternal Landscapes Mongolia
1058:21 February – 23 February
3483:
1640:
1624:
1497:List of Buddhist festivals
1458:10 February – 12 February
1438:21 February – 23 February
1398:12 February – 14 February
1378:24 February – 26 February
1338:16 February – 18 February
1278:19 February – 21 February
1238:11 February – 13 February
1218:22 February – 25 February
1178:14 February – 17 February
1158:25 February – 27 February
1118:18 February – 20 February
1078:9 February – 11 February*
1018:13 February – 15 February
958:17 February – 19 February
898:19 February – 21 February
858:11 February – 13 February
798:15 February – 17 February
778:26 February – 28 February
155:Burkhan Bakshin Altan Sume
29:
3452:Winter events in Mongolia
2709:
2528:
2464:
2341:
2195:
2175:
1648:
1298:9 February – 11 February
1138:8 February – 10 February
918:8 February – 10 February
758:7 February – 10 February
688:This article needs to be
433:
146:
3134:Water-Splashing Festival
2392:Administrative divisions
2082:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1769:www.touristinfocenter.mn
1418:2 February – 4 February
1358:5 February – 7 February
1258:30 January – 1 February
1198:3 February – 5 February
1098:30 January – 1 February
1038:2 February – 4 February
998:24 January – 26 January
978:5 February – 8 February
878:31 January – 5 February
838:25 January – 30 January
818:4 February – 7 February
651:During the socialist era
576:national Mongol costumes
545:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
422:Mongolian Lunar New Year
1948:. Lonely Planet, 2008,
1625:Сагаан һара / Сагаалган
448:[t͡sʰɐˈʁaːɴsɐr]
3381:Indian New Year's days
2963:(Gujarati, Rajasthani)
2646:Goyol Fashion Festival
2436:Chief of General Staff
1318:27 February – 1 March
1115:Khamgiig nomkhotgogch
938:28 February – 2 March
517:
459:. The festival of the
417:
3417:Shamanistic festivals
3407:New Year celebrations
3402:Festivals in Mongolia
3316:(England, historical)
2794:(Ethiopian, Eritrean)
2407:Third neighbor policy
2107:Northern Yuan dynasty
1901:on November 13, 2006.
1737:Pegg, Carole (2001).
525:Northern Yuan dynasty
415:
221:Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug
3467:Shamanistic holidays
3457:New Year in Mongolia
3442:February observances
3310:(traditional Julian)
2666:Traditional medicine
2385:Constitutional Court
2227:Environmental issues
2057:Prehistoric Mongolia
1969:. Routledge, 2009,
1870:. February 8, 2011.
1830:. 17 February 2015.
1698:religion.historic.ru
1435:Uzesgelent bolgogch
521:Red Turban Rebellion
424:, commonly known as
61:improve this article
3437:January observances
3304:(Gregorian, Julian)
3029:(Rai, Tharu, Magar)
2351:State Great Khural
2142:Soviet intervention
1722:. 3 February 2013.
1574:Sri Lankan New Year
1561:(Chaul Chnam Thmey)
1537:Vietnamese New Year
1432:Үзэсгэлэнт болгогч
1112:Хамгийг номхотгогч
744:Element and animal
3462:Buddhist festivals
3065:(Marathi, Konkani)
2590:List of Mongolians
2497:Telecommunications
2137:Chinese occupation
1558:Cambodian New Year
1478:1 March – 3 March
717:lunisolar calendar
655:During Mongolia's
418:
178:Mongolian New Year
18:Mongolian New Year
3427:Winter traditions
3412:Buddhist holidays
3389:
3388:
3290:
3289:
3116:Choul Chnam Thmey
3071:(Telugu, Kannada)
2943:Chaitra Navaratri
2889:
2888:
2740:
2739:
2705:
2704:
2515:
2514:
2451:
2450:
2443:Political parties
2402:Foreign relations
2328:
2327:
1975:978-0-415-97156-0
1954:978-1-74104-578-9
1521:Japanese New Year
1508:(Spring Festival)
1488:
1487:
1135:Khotolyg barigch
1055:Naran getelgegch
955:Sogtokh tögöldör
795:Törölkhtnii eeen
709:
708:
661:Collective Herder
657:Socialist period
463:is celebrated by
410:
409:
201:Agin-Buryat Okrug
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3474:
3432:Mongol mythology
3171:Islamic New Year
3039:Sajibu Cheiraoba
3005:(Ladakhi, Monpa)
2908:Chinese New Year
2898:
2829:
2804:Islamic New Year
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2725:
2718:
2692:
2691:(New Year's Day)
2679:
2631:
2558:Southern Mongols
2526:
2492:
2462:
2372:
2354:
2339:
2193:
2181:
2077:Rouran Khaganate
2025:
2018:
2011:
2002:
1990:
1987:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1897:. Archived from
1891:
1876:
1875:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1668:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1577:(Aluth Avuruddu)
1550:Burmese New Year
1540:(Tết Nguyên Đán)
1529:Tibetan New Year
1505:Chinese New Year
1381:white male iron
1052:Наран гэтэлгэгч
952:Согтох төгөлдөр
792:Төрөлхтний эзэн
775:Mashid sogtongi
738:Transliteration
726:
704:
701:
695:
683:
682:
675:
450:
445:
441:
438:
435:
416:Tsagaan Sar meal
194:Observed by
151:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3369:Mesha Sankranti
3342:
3319:
3286:
3263:
3246:
3206:Yazidi New Year
3163:
3157:
3098:
3027:Maghe Sankranti
2973:Pahela Baishakh
2925:
2885:
2856:
2839:Yancuic Xīhuitl
2820:
2780:
2771:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2701:
2690:
2677:
2629:
2609:
2605:Writing systems
2595:Sex trafficking
2585:Public holidays
2511:
2490:
2447:
2426:Law enforcement
2370:
2352:
2324:
2182:
2173:
2169:Modern Mongolia
2164:1990 Revolution
2147:1921 Revolution
2127:1911 Revolution
2117:Dzungar Khanate
2092:Medieval tribes
2038:
2029:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1964:
1960:
1941:Kohn, Michael.
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1828:www.youtube.com
1822:
1821:
1817:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1780:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1513:Korean New Year
1493:
1415:Buyan uildegch
1315:Altan unjlagat
1312:Алтан унжлагат
1275:Galzuuruulagch
1132:Хотолыг баригч
1075:Gazar tetgegch
995:Sürgiin manlai
992:Сүргийн манлай
875:Nasan tögöldör
872:Насан төгөлдөр
772:Машид согтонги
713:Mongol calendar
705:
699:
696:
693:
684:
680:
673:
653:
621:
564:
487:The Mongols of
485:
477:
443:
439:
436:
403:Related to
354:
341:
279:
278:
224:
198:
189:
187:
185:
183:
181:
180:Mongol New Year
179:
170:
153:Tsagaan Sar at
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3480:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3359:Solar New Year
3356:
3354:Lunar New Year
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3302:New Year's Day
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3093:Aluth Avurudda
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2979:Pana Sankranti
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2507:Transportation
2504:
2499:
2494:
2486:
2484:Stock Exchange
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2364:Prime Minister
2361:
2356:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2303:National parks
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
1998:
1997:External links
1995:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1965:Marsh, Peter.
1958:
1934:
1904:
1877:
1859:
1850:ich.unesco.org
1837:
1815:
1806:Mongolia Tours
1793:
1778:
1756:
1749:
1729:
1707:
1685:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1475:Eldev erdenet
1473:
1472:Элдэв эрдэнэт
1470:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1335:Tiin unjlagat
1333:
1332:Тийн унжлагат
1330:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:Галзууруулагч
1270:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:Газар тэтгэгч
1070:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
999:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
979:
976:
973:
970:
966:
965:
959:
956:
953:
950:
946:
945:
939:
936:
933:
930:
926:
925:
919:
916:
913:
910:
906:
905:
899:
896:
893:
890:
886:
885:
881:female wooden
879:
876:
873:
870:
866:
865:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
845:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
819:
816:
813:
810:
806:
805:
799:
796:
793:
790:
786:
785:
779:
776:
773:
770:
766:
765:
759:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
707:
706:
687:
685:
678:
672:
669:
652:
649:
620:
617:
563:
560:
484:
481:
476:
473:
469:Turkic peoples
461:Lunar New Year
408:
407:
404:
400:
399:
396:
392:
391:
388:
387:2024 date
384:
383:
380:
379:2023 date
376:
375:
369:
365:
364:
347:
343:
342:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
295:
290:
285:
276:
275:
274:
259:Inner Mongolia
205:Altai Republic
195:
191:
190:
176:
172:
171:
152:
144:
143:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
32:Lunar New Year
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3479:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3229:Rosh Hashanah
3227:
3225:(Mazandarani)
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:Gyalpo Lhosar
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:Balipratipada
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Horse culture
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:Supreme Court
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Mongol Empire
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Proto-Mongols
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:Lonely Planet
1938:
1935:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:Mongoluls.net
1785:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1750:9780295980300
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:Thai New Year
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:black female
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:Буян үйлдэгч
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:white female
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:female earth
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:female water
1240:
1237:
1235:Tiin yalagch
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:Tiin urvagch
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:female earth
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:Baragdashgüi
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:female water
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
984:
980:
977:
975:Tiin daragch
974:
971:
968:
967:
964:
961:female earth
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:
944:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
927:
924:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
907:
904:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
887:
884:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
864:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
844:
841:female water
840:
837:
835:Tsogt nigurt
834:
831:
828:
827:
824:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
787:
784:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
767:
764:
761:female earth
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:
724:
722:
718:
714:
703:
700:February 2018
691:
686:
677:
676:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
650:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
618:
616:
613:
609:
605:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
587:
581:
577:
573:
572:enlightenment
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
537:
535:
530:
526:
522:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
495:
490:
482:
480:
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:or literally
449:
431:
427:
423:
414:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
348:
344:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
277:Ethnic groups
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
196:
192:
177:
173:
168:
164:
160:
156:
150:
145:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
76:"Tsagaan Sar"
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3308:Old New Year
3274:
3154:(Vietnamese)
3021:Sonam Lhosar
2689:Tsagaan Sar
2688:
2623:Architecture
2580:Prostitution
2533:Demographics
2414:Human rights
2353:(parliament)
2346:Constitution
2157:World War II
2132:Bogd Khanate
2102:Yuan dynasty
2087:Liao dynasty
1966:
1961:
1942:
1937:
1926:. Retrieved
1917:
1907:
1899:the original
1862:
1849:
1840:
1827:
1818:
1805:
1796:
1768:
1759:
1739:
1732:
1719:
1710:
1697:
1688:
1675:
1666:
1616:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1566:Lao New Year
1560:
1552:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1481:blue female
1375:Khotol tugs
1321:female fire
1281:female wood
1201:female iron
1172:Тийн урвагч
1121:female fire
1092:Барагдашгүй
1081:female wood
1001:female iron
972:Тийн дарагч
921:female fire
861:male wooden
832:Цогт нигурт
801:female iron
741:Tsagaan Sar
735:Mongol year
710:
697:
689:
654:
629:Mount Sumeru
622:
612:Palden Lhamo
601:
599:
584:
565:
549:
541:Qing Dynasty
538:
533:
518:
513:
508:Yuan dynasty
498:
489:Genghis Khan
486:
478:
452:
425:
421:
419:
368:Significance
247:Harqin Zuoyi
123:
117:January 2020
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3277:(Mongolian)
3275:Tsagaan Sar
3235:Dehwa Rabba
3176:Kha b-Nisan
3164:and Central
3118:(Cambodian)
3015:Tamu Lhosar
2999:(Sikkimese)
2955:Cheti Chand
2880:We Tripantu
2845:Quviasukvik
2469:Agriculture
2369:Government
2254:Gobi Desert
2210:Ulaanbaatar
1421:water male
1372:Хотол төгс
1355:Urvuulagch
1341:male earth
1232:Тийн ялагч
1221:male water
1215:Bayasgalan
1155:Kharshlalt
1141:male earth
1021:male water
941:male earth
821:male water
721:lunar month
539:During the
504:Kublai Khan
426:Tsagaan Sar
390:10 February
382:21 February
355:Religious (
263:Qian Gorlos
186:Sagaan hara
182:Tsagaan Sar
175:Also called
142:Tsagaan Sar
3396:Categories
3243:(Ossetian)
3237:(Mandaean)
3178:(Assyrian)
3148:(Javanese)
3142:(Balinese)
3089:(Malayali)
3075:Bisu Parba
3063:Gudi Padwa
2987:(Maithili)
2969:(Assamese)
2967:Bohag Bihu
2951:(Kashmiri)
2916:(Japanese)
2874:Willkakuti
2868:Inti Raymi
2853:(Nisg̱a'a)
2800:(Malagasy)
2792:Enkutatash
2678:(festival)
2656:Literature
2491:(currency)
2376:Judiciary
2112:Four Oirat
1928:2023-09-03
1658:References
1585:(Songkran)
1553:(Thingyan)
1524:(Shōgatsu)
1461:wood male
1455:Hilent em
1452:Хилэнт эм
1352:Урвуулагч
1301:male fire
1295:Muu nuurt
1292:Муу нүүрт
1261:male wood
1255:Yalguusan
1212:Баясгалан
1181:male iron
1101:male fire
1061:male wood
981:male iron
901:male fire
781:male iron
519:After the
500:Marco Polo
453:White Moon
444:pronounced
434:Цагаан сар
349:Cultural (
227:Bayingolin
188:Tsahan sar
87:newspapers
3283:(Tibetan)
3219:(Iranian)
3146:Satu Suro
3112:(Burmese)
3103:Southeast
3095:(Sinhala)
3047:(Tripuri)
2985:Jur Sital
2975:(Bengali)
2910:(Chinese)
2882:(Mapuche)
2798:Fandroana
2628:Biyelgee
2565:Education
2479:Companies
2397:Elections
2371:(cabinet)
2359:President
2281:Mountains
2259:Grassland
2188:Geography
2122:Qing rule
1720:newbur.ru
1649:Цаган Сар
1633:Цаһан сар
1569:(Pii Mai)
1516:(Seollal)
1252:Ялгуусан
1152:Харшлалт
935:Olon ürt
932:Олон үрт
730:Gregorian
633:Shambhala
608:dark moon
467:and some
430:Mongolian
395:Frequency
361:Shamanist
351:Mongolian
184:Sagaalgan
3374:Songkran
3347:See Also
3337:Matariki
3333:(Hawaii)
3331:Makahiki
3314:Lady Day
3231:(Hebrew)
3196:(Baháʼí)
3184:(Afghan)
3128:Songkran
3110:Thingyan
3081:Puthandu
3059:(Chakma)
3041:(Meitei)
3023:(Tamang)
3017:(Gurung)
3011:(Sherpa)
2993:(Newari)
2991:Mha Puja
2957:(Sindhi)
2937:Vaisakhi
2922:(Korean)
2914:Shōgatsu
2876:(Aymara)
2825:Americas
2817:(Berber)
2815:Yennayer
2811:(Coptic)
2778:calendar
2774:New Year
2732:Category
2684:Religion
2575:Language
2431:Military
2334:Politics
2269:Khövsgöl
2052:Timeline
2036:articles
2032:Mongolia
1977:, p. 136
1946:Mongolia
1922:Archived
1872:Archived
1854:Archived
1832:Archived
1810:Archived
1773:Archived
1724:Archived
1702:Archived
1680:Archived
1491:See also
1395:Tsöövör
895:Barigch
755:Tsagaan
641:Boortsog
568:Mongolia
562:Ceremony
465:Mongolic
372:New Year
357:Buddhist
317:Monguors
271:Weichang
255:Hoboksar
213:Kalmykia
209:Buryatia
199:Russia (
197:Mongolia
163:Kalmykia
3339:(Māori)
3324:Oceania
3260:(Sakha)
3213:(Azeri)
3194:Naw-Rúz
3190:(Uzbek)
3083:(Tamil)
3051:Sangken
3033:Bwisagu
2997:Losoong
2920:Seollal
2870:(Incan)
2851:Hobiyee
2847:(Inuit)
2841:(Aztec)
2809:Nayrouz
2716:Outline
2676:Naadam
2641:Cuisine
2630:(dance)
2615:Culture
2548:Buryats
2543:Khalkha
2538:Mongols
2521:Society
2502:Tourism
2489:Tögrög
2474:Banking
2457:Economy
2313:Selenga
2296:Khentii
2291:Khangai
2242:Mammals
2222:Climate
2200:Borders
2072:Xianbei
2067:Xiongnu
2044:History
1956:, p. 44
1645:Russian
1602:Ul boov
1532:(Losar)
1392:Цөөвөр
1323:Rooster
1083:Rooster
915:Erkhet
892:Баригч
843:Rooster
815:Apgira
812:Ангира
752:Цагаан
690:updated
645:ul boov
580:zolgokh
534:zolgokh
483:History
374:holiday
332:Tubalar
312:Mongols
307:Manchus
302:Kalmyks
288:Buryats
231:Bortala
225:China (
101:scholar
3295:Europe
3258:Yhyakh
3241:Nogbon
3223:Nowruz
3217:Nowruz
3211:Novruz
3202:(Kurd)
3200:Newroz
3188:Navruz
3182:Nauruz
3130:(Thai)
3122:Pi Mai
3077:(Tulu)
3035:(Bodo)
2981:(Odia)
2949:Navreh
2785:Africa
2636:Cinema
2570:Health
2553:Oirats
2318:Orkhon
2308:Rivers
2205:Cities
2034:
1973:
1952:
1747:
1629:Kalmyk
1621:Buryat
1597:Nowruz
1592:Naadam
1463:Dragon
1443:Rabbit
1303:Monkey
1223:Dragon
1203:Rabbit
1195:Iljig
1192:Илжиг
1063:Monkey
1035:Naran
1032:Наран
1015:Eldev
1012:Элдэв
983:Dragon
963:Rabbit
912:Эрхэт
823:Monkey
603:Bituun
586:khadag
558:list.
552:UNESCO
529:Naadam
494:Hoelun
475:Timing
398:Annual
337:Tuvans
327:Tozhus
298:Oirats
235:Dorbod
169:(2011)
167:Russia
159:Elista
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3281:Losar
3268:Inner
3251:North
3140:Nyepi
3136:(Dai)
3124:(Lao)
3087:Vishu
3069:Ugadi
3057:Bizhu
3053:(Tai)
3045:Buisu
3003:Losar
2930:South
2861:South
2832:North
2723:Index
2697:Sport
2671:Music
2661:Media
2600:Women
2286:Altai
2264:Lakes
2249:Flora
2237:Birds
2232:Fauna
1641:Шагаа
1637:Tuvan
1608:Notes
1483:Snake
1469:2025
1449:2024
1429:2023
1423:Tiger
1409:2022
1389:2021
1383:Mouse
1369:2020
1349:2019
1329:2018
1309:2017
1289:2016
1283:Sheep
1269:2015
1263:Horse
1249:2014
1243:Snake
1229:2013
1209:2012
1189:2011
1183:Tiger
1169:2010
1149:2009
1143:Mouse
1129:2008
1109:2007
1089:2006
1069:2005
1049:2004
1043:Sheep
1029:2003
1023:Horse
1009:2002
1003:Snake
989:2001
969:2000
949:1999
943:Tiger
929:1998
909:1997
903:Mouse
889:1996
869:1995
855:Boda
852:Бода
849:1994
829:1993
809:1992
803:Sheep
789:1991
783:Horse
769:1990
763:Snake
749:1989
732:year
671:Dates
595:airag
437:ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ
322:Sibes
293:Daurs
283:Altai
267:Subei
251:Henan
243:Haixi
239:Fuxin
108:JSTOR
94:books
3162:West
2901:East
2894:Asia
2419:LGBT
1971:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1745:ISBN
711:The
637:buuz
619:Food
591:buuz
440:ᠰᠠᠷᠠ
420:The
359:and
346:Type
300:and
217:Tuva
80:news
3152:Tết
2776:by
2274:Uvs
1403:Cow
1363:Pig
1343:Dog
1123:Pig
1103:Dog
883:Pig
863:Dog
631:or
554:'s
273:).
63:by
3398::
1982:^
1920:.
1916:.
1880:^
1852:.
1848:.
1826:.
1808:.
1804:.
1781:^
1771:.
1767:.
1718:.
1700:.
1696:.
1678:.
1674:.
1647::
1643:;
1639::
1635:;
1631::
1627:;
1623::
1163:Ox
923:Ox
723:.
667:.
442:,
432::
269:,
265:,
261:,
257:,
253:,
249:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
229:,
219:,
215:,
211:,
207:,
203:,
165:,
161:,
157:,
2766:e
2759:t
2752:v
2024:e
2017:t
2010:v
1931:.
1753:.
702:)
698:(
692:.
428:(
363:)
353:)
223:)
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.