41:
40:
1879:
531:, and a man with scientific interests, consulted with Washington on its construction. He represented the New York City Chamber of Commerce on discussions related to the lighthouse. He made the case that New York City "was first among American ports in the volume of its foreign commerce. By 1797, the harbor was handling a third of the nation's trade with other countries." Due to prevailing winds in winter, shippers approaching from sea needed a lighthouse at the end of Long Island to guide them along the south side into New York harbor.
749:
550:—12 feet high, 6 feet (3.7 x 1.8 m) in diameter, and weighing about 10,000 pounds—was installed in the new lantern; the current keeper's dwelling was constructed adjacent to the tower, and the original 1796 dwelling was demolished. A steam-powered fog signal was installed in 1873, with a fog signal building in 1897. The tower was originally all white; its single brown stripe was added in 1899. A fourth-order fixed red range-light was added to the watch deck of the tower in 1903 to warn of Shagwong Reef, a navigational hazard about 3
487:
182:
651:
strengthening of the rocks at the bluff toe) appeared to stem the erosion. She patented the process and published an article about it titled "How to Hold up a Bank". Greg
Donohue, a Montauk landscaper, worked with Reid at the Point and kept the project moving forward after she retired in 1986. With support from various sources, including the Montauk Historical Society and the State of New York, the Erosion Control Project of Montauk Point was successfully completed in 1998.
1785:
731:
51:
471:
719:
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and reusing existing five- and 10-ton armor stones, placement of new 10- and 15-ton armor stones, and providing slope stabilization with terracing and vegetation above the upper crest of the revetment. The project also included a complete repainting of the lighthouse. The total project cost $ 44 million.
699:
announced on
January 13, 2020, the award of a $ 30.7 million contract to H&L Contracting of Bayshore, New York to restore and protect the lighthouse from shoreline erosion. Work began in 2021 and ended in August 2023. The approximately 1,000 linear feet stone revetment work consisted of removing
650:
cottage from collapse by building a simple set of terraces in the gullies of the bluff. She proposed that solution to the
Society at Montauk. Reid's concept, Reed-Trench Terracing, called for building the terrace platforms made of various beach debris, notably reeds; the practice (along with further
619:
took over maintenance of the lighthouse and operated it until the station was automated on
February 3, 1987. In May of that year, the lighthouse museum opened to the public, operated by the Montauk Historical Society. It leased the property from the US Coast Guard for that purpose. On September 30,
635:
built a seawall at its base, but the erosion continued. The Coast Guard considered tearing down the lighthouse in 1967 and replacing it with a steel tower farther from the edge of the bluff. In the wake of protests over the announced dismantling of the tower, Congressman
545:
In 1860, the lighthouse station underwent a massive renovation when two new levels and a larger lantern were added. This increased the height of the tower from its original 80 feet (1796) to its current height of 110 feet 6 inches (33.68 metres). A first-order
2207:
2202:
2290:
2434:
2285:
2355:
674:. Complicating such a move is the terrain, which would require the lighthouse to be moved down one hill and up another. Environmental groups have raised concerns that reducing the erosion at Montauk would increase erosion at other Long Island
2147:
560:
miles northwest of the lighthouse. This light was severely damaged in the hurricane of
September 21, 1938, and removed on July 1, 1940, when the lighthouse was electrified. The huge first-order Fresnel lens was replaced in 1903 with a
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2197:
2127:
1922:
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2012:
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1977:
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497:
Montauk Light was the first lighthouse in New York State, and is the fourth-oldest active lighthouse in the United States. The tower is 110 feet 6 inches (33.68 metres) high. The current light is a
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1809:
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as part of the
Eastern Coastal Defense Shield. The last three civilian keepers, Thomas Buckridge, Jack Miller, and George Warrington, departed in the spring of 1943. Adjacent to the lighthouse,
571:
order bivalve
Fresnel lens, which served until February 3, 1987, when it was replaced with an airport beacon with a strength of 2.5 million candela. However, as of November 6, 2023, the 3
2275:
2255:
2052:
1912:
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2017:
1802:
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L'Hommedieu chose the site for the lighthouse and designed it. The project began on June 7, 1796, and was completed on
November 5, 1796, the first public works project of the new
2363:
1868:
1858:
1164:
640:
proposed a bill to the United States
Congress to hand over the Lighthouse to the Montauk Historical Society from the public so it could be preserved; the bill was passed.
1275:
538:. Sometime in early April 1797, keeper Jacob Hand lit the wicks in the lamps in the tower, and the lighthouse began operation. It continued under civilian keepers until
2474:
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1349:
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The lighthouse, which is located on Turtle Hill at the easternmost tip of Long Island, at 2000 Montauk
Highway, is a privately run museum, and is not part of
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300:
87:
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632:
1825:
827:
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282:
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1050:
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was said to have buried treasure at the foot of the lighthouse site around 1699 at two ponds which today are called "Money Ponds."
1156:
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804:
315:
718:
1724:
1429:
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1704:
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1076:
872:
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236:
1987-2023, as of 11/06/2023 the same (reconditioned) 3 1/2 order bivalve Fresnel lens that was removed in 1987. (current)
846:
781:
80:
1384:
1759:
1579:
1479:
922:
637:
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The tower was built on Turtle Hill 300 feet (90 m) from the edge of the cliff; due to the cumulative effects of
1036:
2429:
1749:
1549:
689:
512:
437:
291:
175:
1734:
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However, the recurrence of the erosion threat in ensuing years has prompted further action: In November 2006, the
178:, National Register of Historic Places listed place, New York State Register of Historic Places listed place
790:
616:
1524:
1424:
1389:
535:
459:
409:
72:
1594:
1769:
1729:
1674:
1574:
1569:
1509:
581:
order bivalve Fresnel lens that was replaced in 1987 has been restored and is now back atop the lighthouse.
491:
1489:
1374:
1314:
486:
1848:
1774:
1714:
1604:
1464:
1404:
1329:
470:
1863:
1843:
1794:
1689:
1564:
1529:
1444:
1434:
1414:
832:
647:
1609:
432:. It is the fourth oldest active lighthouse in the United States. Montauk Point Light is listed on the
1754:
1449:
1744:
1554:
1474:
1439:
1344:
1339:
945:
524:
249:
1539:
1000:
979:
181:
1679:
1504:
1484:
1469:
671:
609:
520:
2404:
1784:
730:
1584:
1519:
1499:
1494:
1459:
1394:
1379:
1369:
1238:
692:; it is the 14th site on Long Island and the 11th lighthouse in the country to be so recognized.
605:
589:
1128:
50:
1739:
1719:
1699:
1684:
1659:
1654:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1599:
1559:
1514:
1454:
1409:
1334:
516:
417:
1829:
1709:
1649:
1639:
783:
Light List, Volume I, Atlantic Coast, St. Croix River, Maine to Shrewsbury River, New Jersey
421:
1102:
624:
signed legislation transferring the lighthouse property to the Montauk Historical Society.
127:
13 ft (4 m) deep and 9 ft (3 m) thick, Natural, Emplaced, built in 1796
1764:
1614:
1399:
1021:
628:
342:
1243:
1544:
808:
755:
475:
441:
254:
355:
2423:
1644:
1629:
1419:
1309:
643:
429:
68:
704:
621:
585:
547:
539:
528:
425:
229:
17:
739:
685:
670:. They proposed moving the lighthouse back from the shore, as was done with the
479:
413:
1032:
1284:
1185:
1129:"The Coastline Is Retreating. Should the Montauk Lighthouse Stand Its Ground?"
667:
405:
972:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Montauk Point Lighthouse"
850:
631:, it is now 100 feet (30 m) away from the edge. After World War II, the
102:
89:
1248:
601:
593:
2435:
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
1885:
1157:"$ 44M Montauk Point Lighthouse restoration project complete after 2 years"
1253:
1220:
They Were All Strangers: the Wreck of the John Milton at Montauk, New York
666:
group, who contended that a seawall would ruin the nearby world-renowned
440:
for its significance to New York and international shipping in the early
511:
On April 12, 1792, construction on the lighthouse was authorized by the
663:
659:
447:
190:
233:
976:
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
600:
batteries of two guns each, and a battery of two six-inch guns. The
678:, as there are always related effects to such infrastructure work.
1214:
Living on the Edge: Life at the Montauk Point Lighthouse 1930–1945
675:
485:
469:
822:
2440:
National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, New York
452:
1798:
1257:
1192:(republished on longislandgeneology.com - Retrieved 2007-01-12)
895:
The Manor: Three Centuries at a Slave Plantation on Long Island
420:. The lighthouse was the first to be built within the state of
167:
Tower painted white with a broad red band midway, lantern black
807:. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from
805:"Historic Light Station Information and Photography: New York"
2485:
New York State Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County
946:"Montauk Point Lighthouse Awarded National Landmark Status"
1208:
On Eagle's Beak: A History of the Montauk Point Lighthouse
474:
A stylized image of the Montauk Point Light graces the
1035:, Greg Donohue, Official Montauk Lighthouse website, (
1203:
Books by Henry Osmers, published by Outskirts Press:
1033:"Against All Odds: A Lighthouse Looks To The Future"
2348:
2228:
1893:
1859:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1836:
1226:
American Gibraltar: Montauk and the Wars of America
897:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 263.
382:
374:
366:
361:
348:
338:
330:
322:
311:
248:
240:
224:
216:
208:
203:
189:
171:
163:
155:
147:
139:
131:
123:
118:
79:
64:
1244:National Park Service List of New York Lighthouses
1051:"Erosion Project For Lighthouse Nears Completion"
1022:Montauk Point Lighthouse Museum (Local Legacies)
2445:National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)
1350:Buffalo Harbor North and South entrance Lights
1249:New York State Parks: Montauk Point State Park
1239:The Official Montauk Point Lighthouse Web Site
1151:
1149:
1810:
1269:
1103:"For Montauk, It's Lighthouse vs. Surf's Up!"
8:
1077:"For the Island's Icon, A New Lease on Life"
35:
2409:National Register of Historic Places Portal
2394:
1817:
1803:
1795:
1276:
1262:
1254:
915:"Turning a Montauk Beacon Into a Landmark"
688:officially designated the lighthouse as a
301:New York State Register of Historic Places
180:
34:
1826:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1186:Pirates and Prohibition - Excerpted From
849:. Montauk Light House.com. Archived from
283:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1365:Buffalo North Breakwater South End Light
1299:List of lighthouses in the United States
508:order bivalve (clamshell) Fresnel lens.
446:
2475:1796 establishments in New York (state)
2470:Lighthouses in Suffolk County, New York
1360:Buffalo North breakwater East end Light
944:Osmer, Henry (September–October 2012).
908:
906:
904:
773:
714:
683:United States Secretary of the Interior
588:, the lighthouse was taken over by the
2460:Lighthouse museums in New York (state)
2450:National Historic Landmark lighthouses
1101:Kilgannon, Corey (November 14, 2006).
823:"National Register Information System"
596:, opened by the Army in 1942, had two
697:United States Army Corps of Engineers
656:United States Army Corps of Engineers
633:United States Army Corps of Engineers
151:110.5 ft (33.7 m) structure
27:Lighthouse in New York, United States
7:
1167:from the original on August 17, 2023
1127:Dean, Cornelia (November 21, 2006).
828:National Register of Historic Places
754:Montauk Point Lighthouse, on a NOAA
646:, a textile designer, had saved her
434:National Register of Historic Places
2455:Museums in Suffolk County, New York
1355:Buffalo Harbor South Entrance Light
1190:by Jeannette Edwards Rattroy - 1953
724:View from the top of the lighthouse
2465:Tourist attractions on Long Island
1665:South Brother Island Channel Range
436:. In 2012, it was designated as a
25:
1705:Strawberry Island Upper Cut Range
1075:Lambert, Bruce (August 8, 1999).
1049:Raimondo, Lois (March 13, 1998).
542:, when the US Army took it over.
55:Montauk Point Light in April 2020
2403:
2393:
2384:
2383:
1884:
1877:
1783:
970:Tyrrell, William G. (May 1969).
747:
738:
729:
717:
604:, gun emplacements and concrete
490:Montauk Point on display at the
451:The Montauk Point Lighthouse at
49:
39:
913:Drumm, Russell (June 2, 2011).
292:U.S. National Historic Landmark
350:
1:
2480:Lighthouses completed in 1796
2360:National Historic Landmarks
873:"Plan Your Lighthouse Visit"
412:at the easternmost point of
1590:Oswego Harbor West Pierhead
2501:
690:National Historic Landmark
608:(which are also at nearby
523:, a lawyer, member of the
513:2nd United States Congress
438:National Historic Landmark
228:8 whale oil lamps (1797),
176:National Historic Landmark
2379:
1875:
1781:
1305:
1295:
791:United States Coast Guard
617:United States Coast Guard
390:
349:NRHP reference
307:
298:
289:
280:
273:
269:
265:
261:
199:
60:
48:
2113:Richmond (Staten Island)
1670:South Buffalo North Side
672:Cape Hatteras Lighthouse
658:' plan to build another
536:United States of America
460:Montauk Point State Park
410:Montauk Point State Park
402:Montauk Point Lighthouse
275:Montauk Point Lighthouse
73:Suffolk County, New York
1695:Stony Point (Henderson)
662:was opposed by a local
492:New York Public Library
195:Horn: 1 2s in every 15s
1849:Keeper of the Register
893:Griswold, Mac (2013).
494:
483:
455:
383:Designated NYSRHP
316:East Hampton, New York
2369:Outside New York City
1864:National Park Service
1844:Contributing property
1580:Orient Long Beach Bar
1188:East Hampton History,
919:The East Hampton Star
833:National Park Service
648:Rocky Point, New York
612:) are still visible.
489:
473:
450:
103:41.07099°N 71.85709°W
2053:New York (Manhattan)
1735:Three Sisters Island
1700:Stony Point (Hudson)
1550:North Brother Island
997:"Accompanying photo"
525:Continental Congress
424:, and was the first
408:located adjacent to
2356:Bridges and tunnels
1163:. August 17, 2023.
610:Shadmoor State Park
606:fire control towers
428:project of the new
398:Montauk Point Light
375:Designated NHL
232:(later) 1903-1987,
159:Octagonal pyramidal
108:41.07099; -71.85709
99: /
45:
36:Montauk Point Light
1595:Plattsburgh Beacon
1525:Little Gull Island
1425:East Charity Shoal
1390:Cold Spring Harbor
1133:The New York Times
1107:The New York Times
1081:The New York Times
1055:The New York Times
1003:on October 9, 2012
982:on October 9, 2012
847:"Lighthouse Facts"
793:. 2009. p. 8.
681:On March 2, 2012,
495:
484:
456:
326:less than one acre
18:Montauk Lighthouse
2430:Montauk, New York
2417:
2416:
1854:Historic district
1792:
1791:
1770:Whitehall Narrows
1730:Thirty Mile Point
1685:Statue of Liberty
1575:Ogdensburg Harbor
1570:Old Orchard Shoal
1510:Huntington Harbor
1385:Charlotte–Genesee
950:Lighthouse Digest
835:. March 13, 2009.
629:shoreline erosion
517:George Washington
482:'s state parkways
418:Montauk, New York
394:
393:
362:Significant dates
16:(Redirected from
2492:
2407:
2397:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2018:Kings (Brooklyn)
1888:
1881:
1880:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1775:Whitestone Point
1675:Split Rock Point
1605:Point Aux Roches
1480:Frenchman Island
1405:Crossover Island
1330:Blackwell Island
1278:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1046:
1040:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
999:. Archived from
991:
989:
987:
978:. Archived from
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
921:. Archived from
910:
899:
898:
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
853:on June 16, 2008
843:
837:
836:
819:
813:
812:
801:
795:
794:
788:
778:
751:
742:
733:
721:
620:1996, President
580:
579:
575:
570:
569:
565:
559:
558:
554:
521:Ezra L'Hommedieu
515:under President
507:
506:
502:
352:
257:White 5 seconds.
185:
184:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
53:
46:
44:
43:
21:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2375:
2344:
2296:Above 110th St.
2230:
2224:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1832:
1823:
1793:
1788:
1779:
1690:Stepping Stones
1565:Old Field Point
1490:Gardiners Point
1445:Execution Rocks
1435:Elm Tree Beacon
1415:Cumberland Head
1375:Carleton Island
1315:Aunt Phebe Rock
1301:
1291:
1282:
1235:
1202:
1200:Further reading
1197:
1196:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
995:
985:
983:
969:
968:
964:
954:
952:
943:
942:
938:
928:
926:
925:on June 8, 2011
912:
911:
902:
892:
891:
887:
877:
875:
871:
870:
866:
856:
854:
845:
844:
840:
821:
820:
816:
811:on May 1, 2017.
803:
802:
798:
786:
780:
779:
775:
765:
758:
752:
743:
734:
725:
722:
713:
577:
573:
572:
567:
563:
562:
556:
552:
551:
504:
500:
499:
468:
343:John McComb Jr.
303:
294:
285:
276:
179:
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
86:
85:
56:
37:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2437:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2380:
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2371:
2366:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
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2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2291:59th–110th St.
2288:
2283:
2281:Below 14th St.
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:New York City
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1869:Property types
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
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385:
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369:
367:Added to NRHP
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67:
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19:
2320:Poughkeepsie
2248:New Rochelle
2148:St. Lawrence
1750:Turkey Point
1610:Prince's Bay
1585:Orient Point
1534:
1520:Latimer Reef
1500:Horton Point
1495:Horse Island
1460:Fort Niagara
1395:Coney Island
1380:Cedar Island
1370:Cape Vincent
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1160:
1138:September 2,
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1122:
1112:September 2,
1110:. Retrieved
1106:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:
1044:
1028:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
992:
986:February 20,
984:. Retrieved
980:the original
965:
953:. Retrieved
949:
939:
927:. Retrieved
923:the original
918:
894:
888:
876:. Retrieved
867:
855:. Retrieved
851:the original
841:
826:
817:
809:the original
799:
782:
776:
767:
766:
705:Captain Kidd
702:
694:
680:
653:
642:
626:
622:Bill Clinton
614:
586:World War II
583:
548:Fresnel lens
544:
540:World War II
533:
529:Philadelphia
510:
496:
457:
426:public works
401:
397:
395:
312:Nearest city
230:Fresnel lens
217:Focal height
132:Construction
29:
2349:Other lists
2198:Westchester
2128:Schenectady
1923:Cattaraugus
1740:Throgs Neck
1720:Sunken Rock
1660:Sodus Point
1655:Sodus Outer
1635:Sands Point
1625:Romer Shoal
1620:Rock Island
1600:Plum Island
1560:Oak Orchard
1515:Kings Point
1455:Fire Island
1430:Eatons Neck
1410:Crown Point
1335:Bluff Point
1285:Lighthouses
1171:November 4,
955:December 4,
929:December 4,
686:Ken Salazar
598:16 inch gun
480:Long Island
478:of each of
414:Long Island
106: /
81:Coordinates
2424:Categories
2188:Washington
2108:Rensselaer
2043:Montgomery
2028:Livingston
1933:Chautauqua
1760:West Point
1755:Watervliet
1710:Stuyvesant
1650:Shinnecock
1640:Saugerties
1530:Little Red
1450:Fair Haven
763:References
668:surf break
406:lighthouse
191:Fog signal
124:Foundation
94:71°51′26″W
91:41°04′16″N
32:Lighthouse
2330:Rochester
2325:Rhinebeck
2315:Peekskill
2276:Manhattan
2133:Schoharie
2013:Jefferson
1896:by county
1765:West Bank
1725:Tarrytown
1615:Race Rock
1400:Coxsackie
1325:Barcelona
993:See also:
602:casemates
594:Camp Hero
590:U.S. Army
339:Architect
209:First lit
140:Automated
135:Sandstone
2389:Category
2335:Syracuse
2261:Brooklyn
2208:Southern
2203:Northern
2173:Tompkins
2163:Sullivan
2138:Schuyler
2123:Saratoga
2118:Rockland
2068:Onondaga
2008:Herkimer
2003:Hamilton
1983:Franklin
1968:Dutchess
1963:Delaware
1958:Cortland
1953:Columbia
1943:Chenango
1908:Allegany
1830:New York
1545:New Dorp
1540:Moriches
1289:New York
1165:Archived
1086:July 10,
1060:July 10,
1007:March 3,
878:July 20,
857:June 24,
422:New York
356:69000142
255:Flashing
172:Heritage
164:Markings
65:Location
2340:Yonkers
2243:Buffalo
2231:by city
2215:Wyoming
2158:Suffolk
2153:Steuben
2083:Orleans
2073:Ontario
2058:Niagara
2033:Madison
1993:Genesee
1948:Clinton
1938:Chemung
1645:Selkirk
1630:Rondout
1420:Dunkirk
1228:, 2011.
1222:, 2010.
1216:, 2009.
1210:, 2008.
1161:Newsday
1037:archive
711:Gallery
703:Pirate
676:beaches
664:surfing
660:seawall
584:During
576:⁄
566:⁄
555:⁄
503:⁄
476:shields
466:History
404:, is a
2266:Queens
2238:Albany
2183:Warren
2178:Ulster
2143:Seneca
2103:Queens
2098:Putnam
2093:Otsego
2088:Oswego
2078:Orange
2063:Oneida
2048:Nassau
2038:Monroe
1998:Greene
1988:Fulton
1928:Cayuga
1918:Broome
1903:Albany
1837:Topics
1297:Main:
318:, U.S.
234:VRB-25
148:Height
75:, U.S.
2256:Bronx
2229:Lists
2220:Yates
2193:Wayne
2168:Tioga
2023:Lewis
1978:Essex
1913:Bronx
1894:Lists
787:(PDF)
768:Notes
400:, or
331:Built
244:18 nm
241:Range
204:Light
156:Shape
119:Tower
38:
2399:List
1973:Erie
1173:2023
1140:2009
1114:2009
1088:2022
1062:2022
1009:2010
988:2010
957:2012
931:2013
880:2022
859:2008
695:The
453:dawn
396:The
334:1796
323:Area
225:Lens
212:1797
143:1987
1828:in
1287:of
527:in
416:in
351:No.
2426::
1159:.
1148:^
1131:.
1105:.
1079:.
1053:.
974:.
948:.
917:.
903:^
831:.
825:.
519:.
462:.
444:.
71:,
1818:e
1811:t
1804:v
1277:e
1270:t
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1142:.
1116:.
1090:.
1064:.
1039:)
1011:.
990:.
959:.
933:.
882:.
861:.
578:2
574:1
568:2
564:1
561:3
557:2
553:1
505:2
501:1
498:3
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
