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Monte Sant'Angelo was a popular pilgrimage site on the way to
Jerusalem; pilgrims travelled from as far as Ireland to visit the “Celestial Basilica”. Among the pilgrims who visited the Saint Michael Archangel Sanctuary were many popes (Gelasius I, Leo IX, Urban II, Alexander III, Gregory X, Celestine
123:
There are three sections to the legend, recording three apparitions of
Michael: the first and third sections appear to be part of the same narrative, while the second is possibly the account of a battle half a century later. According to the first and last parts of the legend, around the year 490 the
255:
The
Sanctuary of St. Michael the Archangel thus became the main center of veneration of the archangel in the entire West, a typological model for all the others. It was the object of monumental patronage of both the dukes of Benevento and the kings of Pavia, who promoted numerous renovations to
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for some important facts, such as the presence of the bishop of Lucca
Alfonso Puccinelli, who also witnessed the apparition of St. Michael in 1656. In Lucca, in the church of San Michele in Foro, there is also a statue very similar to the one in the sanctuary of San Michele, donated by Bishop
1608:
132:
The second section of the text describes
Michael's intercession on behalf of the Sipontans and the Beneventans against invading pagan Neapolitans. On the eve of the battle, Michael appeared with flaming sword atop the mountain; the Sipontans and Beneventans were victorious.
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Behind a forecourt the sanctuary presents a portico of two Gothic arches, the right one of 1395 by the local architect Simone, the left one a reconstruction of 1865. From the portico steps lead down to the low arched nave. The cavern can be accessed from a
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near a cave in the mountains, instructing that the cave be dedicated to
Christian worship and promising protection of the nearby town of Sipontum from pagan invaders. These apparitions are also the first appearances of Saint Michael in western Europe.
1603:
282:. The alignment of these three geographical sites on a straight line, separated by the same distance. Other further Michael sites would seem to be found extending this line to the northwest and southeast, fueling the legend of the so-called "
252:, where the first epicenter of the cult of Michael among the Lombards was the Sanctuary of St. Michael the Archangel and from which it spread throughout the Lombard Kingdom until it was soon considered the patron saint of the entire people.
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presents a rectangular storey on which rests an octagon supporting an elliptical section and a high drum that supports the cupola. The church erected in the eleventh century by
Archbishop Leone stands upon the remains of an ancient
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facilitate access to the cave of the first apparition and to accommodate pilgrims. The
Sanctuary of St. Michael the Archangel thus became one of the main pilgrimage destinations of Christianity, a stop on that variant of the
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306:) that would connect them varies between 14-42 km. It is therefore possible that the alignment is a coincidence, favored by the high density of religious buildings that Europe presents and the importance of St. Michael in
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In commemoration of this victory, the church of
Sipontum instituted a special feast on May 8 honoring the Archangel, which then spread throughout the Western Christendom during the 9th century. Since the time of
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also visited the
Sanctuary, but, feeling unworthy to enter the grotto, stopped in prayer and meditation at the entrance, kissed a stone, and carved on it the sign of the cross in the form “T” (tau).
353:, who in turn linked themselves to the cult of Michael and further intervened on the structure of the sanctuary itself, modifying its upper part and enriching it with new decorative apparatus.
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248:. The cult of St. Michael thus developed within a context of archaic religiosity. Over time, various religious buildings were dedicated to St. Michael, in particular in the territory of the
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146:, which describes the defense of Mount Gargano against unidentified 'Greeks' – possibly Byzantine Greeks – by the Lombard Duke of Benevento,
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661:, Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum (Havover 1898), pp. 541-43; reprinted, with an English translation, in Richard F. Johnson,
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The complex of buildings consists of the Battistero di San Giovanni in Tumba, damaged in 1942, and the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The
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533:), emperors, kings, and princes (Louis II of Italy, Otto III, Henry II, Matilda of Tuscany, Charles I of Naples, Ferdinand II of Aragon).
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Otranto, Giorgio. "'Il Liber de Apparitione,' il santuario di san Michele sul Gargano e i Longobardi del Ducato di Benevento." In
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and has been an important site of pilgrimage since the early Middle Ages. The historic site and its environs are protected by the
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Piccardi L., "Paleoseismic evidence of legendary earthquakes: the apparition of Archangel Michael at Monte Sant’Angelo (Italy)."
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270:. In fact, the sanctuary is one of the three major European places of worship named after St. Michael, together with the
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reflects conflict between the churches of Siponto and Benevento over control of the Gargano shrine, and that the
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The place has been venerated since 490, the year in which, according to tradition, the first apparition of the
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217:. A first sanctuary was built in 493 on the cave where the apparition took place and from the 7th century the
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The earliest account of the foundation of the Sanctuary is a composite Latin hagiographical text known as
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was built in the late 13th century by Frederick II as a watchtower. It was turned into a bell tower by
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noble. They are divided into 24 panels portraying episodes of angels from the Old and New Testaments.
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439:("Gate of the Bull"): the doors, in bronze, were made in Constantinople in 1076, the donation of an
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Arnold, J.C. "Arcadia Becomes Jerusalem: Angelic Caverns and Shrine Conversion at Monte Gargano."
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Since 13 July 1996, the pastoral care of Saint Michael Archangel Sanctuary has been given to the
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The Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel. A part of the tower is visible on the right.
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700:"La Tomba di Rotari è un battistero del XII secolo con copertura a cupola (o Tumba)."
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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as a symbol of thanksgiving to the city of origin, after the apparition of 1656.
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The octagonal tower (campanile) of the Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel.
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Monumenta Germanica Historica: Scriptores Rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum
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911:"St. Michael Alignment is England's Most Famous Ley Line. But is it Real?"
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harvnb error: no target: CITEREFG._Schartz_and_E._Abegg,_1929pp._959–970 (
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The archaic cavern opening to the left, with its holy well, is full of
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The votive offerings have been studied in Giovanni Battista Bronzini,
614:(PIMS / Durham University Press, 2016), pp. 73–83 (Eng. trans of
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Luca Amendola has observed that the deviation of these sites from the
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Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of CefalĂą and Monreale
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185:(died 652); the designation "tumba" is now applied to the cupola on
754:"Italia Langobardorum. Centers of power and worship (568-774 A.D.)"
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Statue of Saint Michael overlooking the entrance of the Sanctuary.
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in 774 the sanctuary retained its important function within the
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St. Francis - Magazine of the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi
691:. Edited by Ludwig Bethmann and Georg Waitz. Hanover, 1878.
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Archangel Michael appeared several times to the Bishop of
1609:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
968:"Monte Sant'Angelo - Sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo"
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identifies this battle as the one recorded in Book 4 of
27:
Roman Catholic sanctuary on Mount Gargano, Apulia, Italy
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City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
663:
Saint Michael the Archangel in Medieval English Legend
221:
area in which the sanctuary stood, became part of the
111:
Liber de apparitione Sancti Michaelis in Monte Gargano
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12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
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domains as it was included in the territories of the
827:"The fascinating history of the Line of St. Michael"
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Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)
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Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568-774 A.D.)
889:"La Sacra linea di San Michele Arcangelo e la TAV"
593:Liber de apparitione S. Michaelis in Monte Gargano
521:V, John XXIII as Cardinal, John Paul II), saints (
936:Itinerari turistici Monte Sant' Angelo – Gargano
612:Patron Saints of Early Medieval Italy AD 350-800
798:G. Schartz and E. Abegg, 1929 & pp. 959–970
302:(although it would be more correct to speak of
1707:
1318:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme
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8:
1003:UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
313:The sanctuary is connected with the city of
290:to send him back to hell as narrated in the
232:The work of conversion of the Lombards from
955:Ex voto e Santuari in Puglia: 1. Il Gargano
549:Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel
173:should be erected enclosing the space. The
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1830:
1761:
1714:
1700:
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1599:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
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1032:Monte Sant’Angelo & the Gargano Photos
863:"Luke Skywalker and the St. Michael Axis"
687:Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardi. In
396:. A few remnants attest to its once-rich
96:as part of a group of seven inscribed as
1411:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
1256:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles
995:Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel
665:(Woodbridge: Boydell, 2005), pp. 110-15.
454:objects is a statue of the Archangel by
284:sacred line of St. Michael the Archangel
40:Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel
29:
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595:and the hagiography of dispossession",
571:Scapular of Saint Michael the Archangel
500:The Altar of Our Lady of Perpetual Help
2113:Peaks dedicated to Michael (archangel)
2043:Inscribed in previous editions of the
1141:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
599:120 (2002), 364–391. (Argues that the
566:Chaplet of Saint Michael the Archangel
411:, to provide a suitable seat for the
7:
676:Santuari e politica nel mondo antico
588:vol. 75 (July 2000), pp. 567–88
561:Saint Michael in the Catholic Church
1303:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
244:, was completed under the reign of
2123:Churches in the province of Foggia
1937:Archangel Michael at Mount Gargano
1007:Pilgrims at San Michele in Gargano
488:The Altar of the Blessed Sacrament
177:is the final resting-place of the
169:(reigned 492–496) directed that a
48:Santuario di San Michele Arcangelo
25:
18:Monte Sant'Angelo sul Gargano
403:The Castello was enlarged by the
175:Basilica di San Giovanni in Tumba
1815:
1500:Archaeological Area of Agrigento
861:Luca Amendola (4 January 2016).
240:, already begun in 589 by Queen
117:Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina
50:) is a Roman Catholic shrine on
1173:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
644:Catholic.org Basilicas in Italy
407:upon an episcopal residence of
1588:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
1178:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont
1:
2128:Tourist attractions in Apulia
2098:World Heritage Sites in Italy
1068:World Heritage Sites in Italy
1027:Virtual tour of the Sanctuary
658:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
1160:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
1022:Selected modern bibliography
1951:Approval of veneration only
1009:in Catholics & Cultures
763:. p. 4. Archived from
761:City of Cividale del Friuli
738:A. Magnani, J. Godoy, 1998.
87:Parco Nazionale del Gargano
77:It is the oldest shrine in
2154:
1825:Approval of the apparition
1756:an associated feast on the
413:Honor Montis Sancti Angeli
160:Apparitio Sancti Michaelis
158:it has been formalized as
94:UNESCO World Heritage Site
70:. It has the dignity of a
2032:
1813:
1733:
1634:
1307:Etruscan Necropolises of
625:vol. 408 (2005), 113–128.
419:. The massive, octagonal
409:Orso, Bishop of Benevento
58:, part of the commune of
1406:Castel del Monte, Apulia
1168:of Piedmont and Lombardy
957:(Florence:Olschki) 1993.
713:"-Santuario San Michele"
274:in Val di Susa, and the
2074:41.707722°N 15.954778°E
1672:with 17 other countries
1529:Villa Romana del Casale
1519:Necropolis of Pantalica
1454:Royal Palace of Caserta
1251:Orto botanico di Padova
1242:Torre della Ghirlandina
678:, 210-245. Milan: 1983.
655:Ed. by G. Waitz in the
494:The Cave of San Michele
485:The Chapel of the Cross
367:Saint Michael Archangel
276:Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey
263:Via Sacra Langobardorum
143:History of the Lombards
2103:Roman Catholic shrines
2045:General Roman Calendar
1758:General Roman Calendar
1458:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli
1338:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
466:
415:, further modified by
384:
373:
369:grotto in 1965. Photo
325:After the fall of the
202:
47:
35:
1574:Campello sul Clitunno
1246:Piazza Grande, Modena
1013:Jacopus de Voragine,
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379:
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238:Catholic Christianity
200:
92:In 2011, it became a
33:
2138:San Giovanni Rotondo
2118:Lombard architecture
2079:41.707722; 15.954778
1754:Papal inscription of
1261:Porticoes of Bologna
869:on 21 September 2018
788:Jarnut, p. 70, 2002.
770:on 23 September 2015
597:Analecta Bollandiana
527:Bernard of Clairvaux
272:sacra di San Michele
215:San Lorenzo Maiorano
2108:Michael (archangel)
2070: /
1624:Peschiera del Garda
1570:Temple of Clitumnus
1555:Cividale del Friuli
497:The Episcopal Chair
479:The internal atrium
435:portal, called the
1886:Good Event/Success
1827:and its veneration
1738:Marian apparitions
1462:San Leucio Complex
997:– Official website
941:2007-02-24 at the
729:M. Vannucci, 1994.
610:Nicholas Everett,
467:
425:Charles I of Anjou
385:
383:'s grotto in 2017.
374:
318:Puccinelli to the
292:Book of Revelation
250:Duchy of Benevento
234:Arian Christianity
227:Duchy of Benevento
209:took place on the
203:
64:province of Foggia
36:
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2028:
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1946:
1945:
1811:
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1689:
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1592:Monte Sant'Angelo
1505:Barumini nuraghes
1423:Certosa di Padula
1115:Monte San Giorgio
1001:Monte Sant'Angelo
607:dates c.663-750).
591:N. Everett, "The
537:Francis of Assisi
523:Bridget of Sweden
331:Langobardia Minor
320:Republic of Lucca
207:archangel Michael
139:Paul the Deacon's
104:Legendary history
83:Archangel Michael
81:dedicated to the
60:Monte Sant'Angelo
16:(Redirected from
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618:and commentary).
511:The Stone Quarry
491:The Angevin Nave
473:The upper Atrium
456:Andrea Sansovino
448:votive offerings
437:Portale del Toro
304:orthodromic line
150:, on 8 May 663.
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1018:: Saint Michael
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816:F. Paoli, 2000
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719:on 2013-09-23.
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623:Tectonophysics
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531:Thomas Aquinas
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470:The Bell Tower
358:
355:
345:, then by the
258:Via Francigena
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79:Western Europe
72:minor basilica
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1437:Villa Poppaea
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1353:San Gimignano
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1333:Medici villas
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1233:Valdobbiadene
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1084:Crespi d'Adda
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1015:Golden Legend
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543:The guardians
542:
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528:
524:
515:
510:
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502:
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493:
490:
487:
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478:
476:The staircase
475:
472:
469:
468:
463:
459:
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453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
428:
426:
422:
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390:
382:
381:Saint Michael
378:
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316:
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73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:Mount Gargano
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
2065:15°57′17.2″E
2062:41°42′27.8″N
2055:
2036:
2005:Rosa Mystica
1995:Mount Carmel
1936:
1777:Sacred Heart
1772:Divine Mercy
1587:
1560:Castelseprio
1396:Amalfi Coast
1373:Villa d'Este
1165:
1136:Cinque Terre
1120:Porto Venere
1014:
975:. Retrieved
971:
962:
954:
949:
931:
919:. Retrieved
914:
905:
893:. Retrieved
883:
871:. Retrieved
867:the original
856:
845:
834:. Retrieved
830:
821:
812:
793:
784:
772:. Retrieved
765:the original
760:
734:
725:
717:the original
707:
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583:
546:
535:
519:
451:
445:
436:
429:
417:Frederick II
412:
402:
400:decoration.
386:
357:Architecture
339:11th century
324:
312:
308:Christianity
266:that led to
261:
254:
231:
204:
174:
164:
159:
152:
141:
131:
122:
115:
109:
107:
91:
76:
39:
37:
2077: /
2000:Pellevoisin
1970:All Nations
1921:San Nicolás
1881:Good Health
1723:Apparitions
1668:Switzerland
1640:Switzerland
1590:located at
1581:located at
1579:Santa Sofia
1572:located at
1538:Countrywide
1524:Val di Noto
1428:Herculaneum
1391:Alberobello
1368:Val d'Orcia
1166:Sacri Monti
850:Rev 12:7–12
774:8 September
516:Pilgrimages
371:Paolo Monti
260:now called
242:Theodelinda
66:, northern
2092:Categories
2015:Walsingham
1901:La Salette
1876:Gietrzwałd
1681:Montenegro
1510:Mount Etna
1401:Appian Way
1229:Conegliano
1190:Monferrato
1156:Landscapes
1110:Sabbioneta
977:2024-01-19
836:2024-01-19
577:References
503:The Crypts
433:Romanesque
394:necropolis
389:baptistery
300:rhumb line
167:Gelasius I
148:Grimoald I
1851:Beauraing
1793:Guadalupe
1644:with the
1619:Palmanova
1583:Benevento
1313:Tarquinia
1309:Cerveteri
1214:Dolomites
1200:Northeast
1076:Northwest
921:1 January
915:Big Think
873:1 January
482:The Choir
441:Amalfitan
421:campanile
335:Arechi II
296:Physicist
268:Holy Land
219:garganica
187:squinches
62:, in the
1916:Pontmain
1866:Coromoto
1861:Champion
1856:Campinas
1664:Slovenia
1646:Holy See
1515:Syracuse
1433:Oplontis
1323:Florence
1225:Prosecco
1208:Aquileia
1124:Palmaria
939:Archived
585:Speculum
555:See also
351:Angevins
349:and the
347:Swabians
280:Normandy
246:Cunipert
223:Lombards
171:basilica
126:Sipontum
1985:La Vang
1846:Banneux
1798:Lourdes
1677:Croatia
1660:Germany
1652:Austria
1614:Bergamo
1565:Spoleto
1550:Brescia
1482:Islands
1467:Pompeii
1415:Paestum
1291:Central
1266:Ravenna
1219:Ferrara
1154:Bernina
1148:in the
1132:Tinetto
452:ex voto
405:Normans
343:Normans
211:Gargano
193:History
183:Rothari
179:Lombard
120:5948).
44:Italian
2041:
2037:Legend
2010:Ĺ iluva
1965:Pillar
1930:Angels
1891:Kibeho
1803:Fátima
1666:, and
1656:France
1442:Naples
1363:Urbino
1343:Pienza
1299:Assisi
1276:Verona
1271:Venice
1182:Langhe
1150:Albula
1106:Mantua
895:15 May
507:Museum
398:fresco
156:Pius V
68:Apulia
2020:Watch
1975:China
1896:Knock
1871:Cuapa
1841:Akita
1765:Jesus
1675:with
1650:with
1638:with
1419:Velia
1383:South
1358:Siena
1186:Roero
1101:Ivrea
1089:Genoa
768:(PDF)
757:(PDF)
630:Notes
616:Liber
605:Liber
601:Liber
315:Lucca
288:Satan
181:King
165:Pope
56:Italy
1980:Hens
1958:Mary
1906:Laus
1834:Mary
1786:Mary
1743:list
1679:and
1517:and
1460:and
1435:and
1417:and
1348:Rome
1311:and
1301:and
1244:and
1212:The
1188:and
1130:and
1128:Tino
1108:and
923:2019
897:2022
875:2019
803:help
776:2017
365:The
38:The
2039:: *
1227:di
278:in
236:to
213:at
2094::
1662:,
1658:,
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1456:,
1421:,
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1134:,
1126:,
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970:.
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743:^
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100:.
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807:.
805:)
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114:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
